2018 JSG Summer Hanmun Workshop (Intermediate)

This Wikisite is constructed by Kim Hayoung 김하영 with the help of An Sungjun 안승준, Chung Suhwan 정수환, and Yun Jinyoung 윤진영.

Description

The purpose of this course is to provide students an intensive training in what is commonly referred to as “classical Chinese,” or hanmun, which constitutes the nucleus of the literary languages of premodern China, Korea, and Japan. Because this workshop is intended for future researchers and scholars of premodern Korean culture in a broader context of East Asian civilization, which some call the “Sinosphere,” we will focus on the most fundamental sentence patterns and grammatical devices commonly used in hanmun, exploring some canonical texts that embody the linguistic and cultural grammars of classical Chinese literature. Each day, the class will study grammatical devices and patterns with simple sentences and read (excerpts of) regular hanmun texts for applied practice. We will read and critically analyze the texts, with which to formulate an academically-minded English translation of them. At the end of the workshop, students are expected to become familiar with different types of texts, to gain first-hand knowledge around the original texts of old Korean books, and more importantly, to become intellectually independent in their own future research critically engaging primary texts.

Class

A daily class is divided into three sessions. In Session 1 we read Pak Semu’s 朴世茂 (1487–1554) treatise to initiate students into Confucian literacy, Tongmong sŏnsŭp 童蒙先習 (Preparatory Learning for the Youth). Session 2 comprises studying syntactic and morphological patterns established by grammatical words, building up from the simplest forms to the more complex. This part of instruction will make use of the two representative primers of Chosŏn: the Ch’ugu 推句 (Versed Lines), a collection of quatrains epitomizing hanmun verses for those who have finished Ch’ŏnjamun 千字文 (Thousand-character Text); and the Hagŏjip 學語集 (Collection of Sentences for Learning), a collection of short prose-sentences to initiate beginners in hanmun texts. Learning with Ch’ugu and Hagŏjip allows us to experience both poetic- and prose-style sentences. The first two sessions will intensively engage two fundamental practices of hanmun literacy: parsing (both vocal and visual) and close reading. In Session 3 we translate various excerpts from actual literary pieces from China and Korea, applying the practices we learn in the first two sessions. The underlying focus of the study progresses as follows:

Week 1 : basic structure, predication and commenting, parts of speech and word order, substantives and predicatives, nouns and pronouns, action verbs and stative verbs, adverbs, etc.
Week 2 : discourse and context, parallelism and correspondence, building contexts and “dragging”, conjunctives and connectives, 語氣詞 and 語助詞
Week 3 : intertextuality, allusions, and pattern, literary precedents and elicitors

Reading the original text together, parsing its sentences, and carefully analyzing parts both syntactically and semantically, which will form a basic training of translation. The instructor will give lectures when needed, to reinforce the knowledge of grammatical words, information on reference tools, and relevant sociocultural context of fundamental importance. Each student will be responsible for looking up and learning unfamiliar hantcha, practicing to punctuate sentences that were studied in the previous classes, and participating in drafting translations. The outcome of translation will be archived and shared.

Instructor

오영균 (吳英均, Young Kyun Oh)

Participants

참가자 명단 Participants List　cf. 역대 참가자 Previous Participants

연도	성명	국적	소속	직위	연구/전공분야	그룹
2018	Cho, Francisca	미국 USA	미국 조지타운대학교 Georgetown University	교수 Associate Professor	Buddhism	Intermediate Training Group
2018	Lin, Nan Kathy	미국 USA	미국 조지타운대학교 Georgetown University	박사과정 Doctoral Student	-	Intermediate Training Group
2018	Svakova, Petra	체코 Czech	한국 성균관대학교 Sungkyunkwan University	석사과정 Master's Student	East Asian Studies	Intermediate Training Group
2018	Vermette, Kyrie	캐나다 Canada	캐나다 브리티시 컬럼비아대학교 University of British Columbia	박사과정 Doctoral Student	Korean History	Intermediate Training Group
2018	Sauvadet, Bryan	프랑스 France	프랑스 파리7대학교 Paris Diderot University (Paris VII)	석사과정 Master's Student	Korean Studies /Korean Art History /Korean Religious Studies	Intermediate Training Group
2018	Volpe, Althea	이탈리아 Italy	이탈리아 사피엔자대학교 La Sapienza University	석사과정 Master's Student	-	Intermediate Training Group
2018	Gledic, Jelena	세르비아 Serbia	세르비아 베오그라드대학교 University of Belgrade	강사 Lecturer	Cultural Studies /Identity studies, Chinese history	Intermediate Training Group
2018	Chae-Duporge, Okyang	프랑스 France	프랑스 국립동양학대학교 INALCO	강사 Lecturer	-	Intermediate Training Group
2018	Butterfield, James Julian	캐나다 Canada	캐나다 토론토대학교 University of Toronto	석사과정 Master's Student	-	Intermediate Training Group
2018	Rzanna, Ewa	폴란드 Poland	폴란드 세종학당 & 아담 미츠키에비치 대학교 King Sejong Institute & Adam Mickiewicz University	연구원 Researcher	-	Intermediate Training Group

Schedule

Session 1 - 9:00–10:30 AM

Session 2 - 10:40–12:00 AM

Session 3 - 2:10–4:00 PM

the 3-Week Schedule - View Details

Date	Contents
7/2	S1: Opening Ceremony, Placement Test S2: Introduction: Classical Chinese, literary Chinese, Sino-Korean, and Hanmun
7/3	S1: Tongmong sŏnsŭp 1–4 S2: Ch’ugu 1, 4; Hagŏjip 1–5 S3: Short passages 8, 23, 43
7/4	S1: Tongmong sŏnsŭp 5–8 S2: Hagŏjip 6–10	Field Trip
7/5	S1: Tongmong sŏnsŭp 9–13 S2: Ch’ugu 5, 7, 9; Hagŏjip 11–15 S3: Short passages 10, 13, 16
7/6	S1: Tongmong sŏnsŭp 14–17 S2: Ch’ugu 13, 15, 16; Hagŏjip 16–20 S3: Short passages 9, 15, 24
7/9	S1: Tongmong sŏnsŭp 18–22 S2: Ch’ugu 18, 19; Hagŏjip 21–25 S3: Short passages 4, 11, 12
7/10	S1: Tongmong sŏnsŭp 23–25 S2: Ch’ugu 22, 24, 30; Hagŏjip 26–30 S3: Short passages 1, 11, 33, 37
7/11	S1: Tongmong sŏnsŭp 26–30 S2: Hagŏjip 31–35	Special Lecture
7/12	S1: Tongmong sŏnsŭp 31–34 S2: Ch’ugu 32, 37, 39; Hagŏjip 36–40 S3: Short passages 5, 17, 20, 38
7/13	S1: Tongmong sŏnsŭp 35–38 S2: Hagŏjip 41–45	Field Trip
7/16	S1: Tongmong sŏnsŭp 39–42 S2: Ch’ugu 41, 46, 50; Hagŏjip 46–50 S3: Short passages 21, 27, 36
7/17	S1: Tongmong sŏnsŭp 43–47 S2: Hagŏjip 51–55	Special Lecture
7/18	S1: Tongmong sŏnsŭp 48–52 S2: Ch’ugu 56, 57, 58; Hagŏjip 56–60 S3: Short passages 2, 6, 43
7/19	S1: Tongmong sŏnsŭp 53–56 S2: Ch’ugu 59, 60; Hagŏjip Review 1 S3: Short passages 29, 34, 42
7/20	S1: Tongmong sŏnsŭp Review S2: Ch’ugu Review; Hagŏjip Review 2 S3: Short passages 28, 44

Translation

We aim to practice academic translation. An academic translation should prove to be comprehensive to an intellectual reader for whom no previous knowledge of or about the text is assumed, rendered in a clear, precise, yet hermeneutically nuanced language. There are four aspects of concentration in our training:

(1) Faithfulness to the original text

(2) Linguistic clarity of the translating language

(3) Detailed annotation to integrate contextual and intertextual information

(4) Observance of academic convention for translation

List of Hanmun Text

Session 1 : Tongmong sŏnsŭp 童蒙先習 (Preparatory Learning for the Youth)

Session 2 : Ch’ugu 推句 (Versed Lines)

　　 Hagŏjip 學語集 (Collection of Sentences for Learning)

Session 3 : Excerpts for practice

Session 1: 童蒙先習 Preparatory Learning for the Youth

The Tongmong sŏnsŭp is a well-known hanmun primer for novices after their initiation in hantcha with the Chŏnjamun 千字文. Its text spells out the fundamental ethico-historial framework of Confucianism, quoting and alluding most frequently used 2018 童蒙先習 in the traditional discourse of moral maxims. Its language is prosodic and suitable for vocal reading and reciting. The introduction delineates the ethics based on the Five Cardinal Relations (oryun 五倫), followed by an overview of Chinese and Korean histories as realizing ethical principles endowed in human civilization. Its authorship had been generally attributed to Pak Semu 朴世茂 (1487–1554), though some recorded Kim An’guk 金安國 (1478–1543) as its author. Yun Insŏ’s 尹仁恕 postface, included in the 1543 edition (printed at the P’yŏngan Magistrate Office), states that Min Chein 閔齊仁, then P’yŏngan Magistrate, co-authored this work. A recent discovery of a block-printed edition bearing Min Chein as the author strongly suggests that Min authored it before Pak did because it predates the manuscript edition that recorded Pak Semu as the author, which had been known as the earliest edition. Authorship aside, however, it appears reasonable to assume that the sentences in the Tongmong sŏnsŭp were commonly shared for pedagogical purposes among the literati since early Chosŏn. As it has also been used at the court to instruct royal princes since King Hyŏnjong’s reign (1659–1674), there are a number of prints and manuscripts extant. The 1759 edition especially contains King Yŏngjo’s 英祖 preface and Song Siyŏl’s 宋時烈 (1607–1689) postface, indicating that it was received widely.

date	童蒙先習
7/03	童蒙先習 01 - 04
7/04	童蒙先習 05 - 08
7/05	童蒙先習 09 - 13
7/06	童蒙先習 14 - 17
7/09	童蒙先習 18 - 22
7/10	童蒙先習 23 - 25
7/11	童蒙先習 26 - 30
7/12	童蒙先習 31 - 34
7/13	童蒙先習 35 - 38
7/16	童蒙先習 39 - 42
7/17	童蒙先習 43 - 47
7/18	童蒙先習 48 - 52
7/19	童蒙先習 53 - 56
*	御製童蒙先習序
**	跋文

장서각 소장 어제동몽선습언해(御製童蒙先習諺解)

Session 2-1: 推句 Versed Lines

The Ch’ugu is a collection of pentasyllabic quatrains (o’ŏn chŏlgu 五言絕句) for beginners of hanmun during the Chosŏn dynasty. There are altogether 60 quatrains, many chosen from known poetic lines, containing motifs and images familiar to novices. It is one of the typical primers taught to learners who have finished character lessons with, most likely, the Ch’ŏnjamun 千字文, along with the Saja sohak 四字小學 [Four-character Minor Learning], Tongmong sŏnsŭp, and Kyŏngmong yogyŏl 擊夢要訣 [Essential precepts to awake the unenlightened]. The title "Ch’ugu" could be taken as “selected lines” (ch’u 推 “to select”) but also have come from ch’ugo (or proscriptively pronounced t’oego) 推敲 “push or knock,” a verb coined for the story of Jia Dao 賈島 (780?–843) and Han Yu 韓愈 (768–824) to mean “polish or perfect the language of a literary work.”^[1] Ch’ugu 推句 as a verb was then used in the sense of writing poems, and if it was indeed where the title was chosen, it would more precise to pronounce the title as t'oegu, not ch’ugu. All extant copies of Ch’ugu is in the form of manuscript, but as Ŏ Sukkwŏn’s 魚叔權 Kosa ch’waryo 攷事撮要 (1554) recorded the presence of its printing blocks in 1558, it is possible that Ch’ugu was more popular as a primer in mid-Chosŏn period.

↑ Jia Dao once composed a poem, sitting on a mule, which included lines, “Birds sleep on the tree in the middle of the pond, a monk knocks on the door under the moon” 鳥宿池中樹, 僧敲月下門. He was having second thought of using t’oe 推 “push” instead of ko 敲 “knock,” but could not decide. Occupied by this thought, he failed to step back to make way when Han Yu’s mayoral march was progressing the street, which was a serious offense. Han Yu summoned Jia Dao and interrogated why Jia did not step aside. After hearing what happened, Han Yu said that he preferred ko instead of t’oe, upon which they became good friends in literature. This story is introduced in the Tangshi jishi 唐詩紀事.

date	推句
7/03	推句 01, 04
7/05	推句 05, 07, 09
7/06	推句 13, 15, 16
7/09	推句 18, 19
7/10	推句 22, 24, 30
7/12	推句 32, 37, 39
7/16	推句 41, 46, 50
7/18	推句 56, 57, 58
7/19	推句 59, 60
7/20	推句 Review

Session 2-2: 學語集 Collection of Sentences for Learning

The Hagŏjip is a manuscript whose authorship is unknown. It contains short sentences explaining various subjects ranging from heaven and earth to flowers and animals, for the purpose of teaching the basic sentence structure and grammatical patterns of literary Chinese to novices. It is often confused with Hagŏ 學語 compiled by Pak Chaech’ŏl 朴載哲 with a similar purpose. Hagŏ was blockprinted in 1868 by Pak Chaechŏl’s son Pak Kyujin 朴圭鎮. The two are quite different texts. The latter is more oriented in Confucian learning of moral principles and quotations from classics, whereas the former is apparently mindful of linguistic pedagogy and introduces syntactic patterns with gradually increasing complexity. There are a few manuscript editions preserved in various archives in Korea, including Jangseogak. It appears that there are some textual variations depending on editions especially with the selection of sentences, though individual sentences remain mostly the same.

Format

In the following, each sentence is given in three ways. First without punctuation, then with punctuation, and the last with t’o 토. Punctuation of literary Chinese provides where the sentence breaks into a series of clasuses and phrases, and thus clues to the meaning of the entire sentence. T’o is specific to Korean culture, in which people spoke a fundamentally different language from Chinese. Carrying a similar function to that of Japanese kaeriten 返点 (returning point), t’o adds grammatical words of Korean to points where the Chinese sentences breaks so that the grammatical relation between parts.

　　　　E.g.　　學而時習之면　　　　不亦悅乎아
　　　　　　　　　　　　　if　　　　　　　　　Q-ending

The traditional pedagogy of literary Chinese placed a great importance to t’o. It served as a device to train students in parsing sentences, as well as to help them read aloud and recite sentences.

After the sentence, key grammatical words and patterns will be introduced.

　　　　C: Clause　　P: Phrase　　V: Verb　　A: Adjective　　N: Noun　　Adv: Adverb

date	學語集
7/3	學語集 01 - 05
7/4	學語集 06 - 10
7/5	學語集 11 - 15
7/6	學語集 16 - 20
7/9	學語集 21 - 25
7/10	學語集 26 - 30
7/11	學語集 31 - 35
7/12	學語集 36 - 40
7/13	學語集 41 - 45
7/16	學語集 46 - 50
7/17	學語集 51 - 55
7/18	學語集 56 - 62