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| 1번째 줄: |
1번째 줄: |
| | __NOTOC__ | | __NOTOC__ |
| | + | {{NJ2018 TOC}} |
| | | | |
| − | | + | *[[NJ2018 Glossary - Plant Varieties]] |
| − | {{NJ2018 TOC}}
| + | *[[NJ2018 Glossary - Farming Tools]] |
| | + | *[[NJ2018 Glossary - Land Types]] |
| | + | *[[NJ2018 Glossary - Calendar Terms]] |
| | + | *[[NJ2018 Glossary - Methods]] |
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| | =='''Grains'''== | | =='''Grains'''== |
| 58번째 줄: |
62번째 줄: |
| | **[http://www.ecosanres.org/pdf_files/Nanning_PDFs/Eng/Luo%20Shiming%2010_C11rev.pdf Chinese tradition of utilizing human excreta] | | **[http://www.ecosanres.org/pdf_files/Nanning_PDFs/Eng/Luo%20Shiming%2010_C11rev.pdf Chinese tradition of utilizing human excreta] |
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| − | =='''Types of Land and related terms'''==
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| − | *[[NJ2018 Glossary - Land Types]]
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| − | =='''Other time-related terms'''==
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| − | ===Autumn harvest===
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| − | {{Term info
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| − | |Hanja=秋收
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| − | |Hangeul=가을에 수확한정월
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| − | |RR=
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| − | |MR=
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| − | |Pinyin=
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| − | |If Common Name=
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| − | |Common Name Hanja=
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| − | |Common Name Hangeul=
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| − | |Common Name RR=
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| − | |Common Name MR=
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| − | |If Alternate=
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| − | |Alternate terms=
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| − | }}
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| − | ===First lunar month===
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| − | {{Term info
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| − | |Hanja=正月
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| − | |Hangeul=정월
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| − | |RR=Jeongwol
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| − | |MR=Chŏngwŏl
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| − | |Pinyin=Zhēngyuè
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| − | |If Common Name=
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| − | |Common Name Hanja=
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| − | |Common Name Hangeul=
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| − | |Common Name RR=
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| − | |Common Name MR=
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| − | |If Alternate=
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| − | |Alternate terms=
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| − | }}
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| − | ===Following year===
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| − | {{Term info
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| − | |Hanja=明年
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| − | |Hangeul=이듬해
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| − | |RR=Ideumhae
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| − | |MR=Idŭmhae
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| − | |Pinyin=Míngnián
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| − | |If Common Name=
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| − | |Common Name Hanja=
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| − | |Common Name Hangeul=
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| − | |Common Name RR=
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| − | |Common Name MR=
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| − | |If Alternate=
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| − | |Alternate terms=
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| − | }}
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| − | ===Last month of the lunar year===
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| − | {{Term info
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| − | |Hanja=臘月
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| − | |Hangeul=동지 섣달, 납월
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| − | |RR=Dongji seotdal, Nabwol
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| − | |MR=Tongji sŏttal, Nabwŏl
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| − | |Pinyin=Làyuè
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| − | |If Common Name=
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| − | |Common Name Hanja=
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| − | |Common Name Hangeul=
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| − | |Common Name RR=
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| − | |Common Name MR=
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| − | |If Alternate=
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| − | |Alternate terms=
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| − | }}
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| − | ===Middle of the month===
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| − | {{Term info
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| − | |Hanja=望
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| − | |Hangeul=보름
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| − | |RR=Boreum
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| − | |MR=Porŭm
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| − | |Pinyin=Wàng
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| − | |If Common Name=
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| − | |Common Name Hanja=
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| − | |Common Name Hangeul=
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| − | |Common Name RR=
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| − | |Common Name MR=
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| − | |If Alternate=yes
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| − | |Alternate terms=15th day of the lunar month, day of the full moon
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| − | }}
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| − | ===Winter months===
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| − | {{Term info
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| − | |Hanja=冬月
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| − | |Hangeul=한 겨울 동안
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| − | |RR=Han Gyeoul Dongan
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| − | |MR=Han Kyŏul Tongan
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| − | |Pinyin=Dōngyuè
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| − | |If Common Name=
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| − | |Common Name Hanja=
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| − | |Common Name Hangeul=
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| − | |Common Name RR=
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| − | |Common Name MR=
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| − | |If Alternate=yes
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| − | |Alternate terms=eleventh lunar month
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| − | }}
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| − | ===First week===
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| − | {{Term info
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| − | |Hanja=上旬
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| − | |Hangeul=상순
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| − | |RR=Sangsun
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| − | |MR=Sangsun
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| − | |Pinyin=Shàngxún
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| − | |If Common Name=
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| − | |Common Name Hanja=
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| − | |Common Name Hangeul=
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| − | |Common Name RR=
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| − | |Common Name MR=
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| − | |If Alternate=
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| − | |Alternate terms=
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| − | }}
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| − | ===Second week===
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| − | {{Term info
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| − | |Hanja=中旬
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| − | |Hangeul=중순
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| − | |RR=Jungsun
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| − | |MR=Chungsun
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| − | |Pinyin=Zhōngxún
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| − | |If Common Name=
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| − | |Common Name Hanja=
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| − | |Common Name Hangeul=
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| − | |Common Name RR=
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| − | |Common Name MR=
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| − | |If Alternate=
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| − | |Alternate terms=
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| − | }}
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| − | ===Third week===
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| − | {{Term info
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| − | |Hanja=下旬
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| − | |Hangeul=하순
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| − | |RR=Hasun
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| − | |MR=Hasun
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| − | |Pinyin=Xiàxún
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| − | |If Common Name=
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| − | |Common Name Hanja=
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| − | |Common Name Hangeul=
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| − | |Common Name RR=
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| − | |Common Name MR=
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| − | |If Alternate=
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| − | |Alternate terms=
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| − | }}
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| − | ===Ten days after Autumn Equinox===
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| − | {{Term info
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| − | |Hanja=(秋分)後十日
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| − | |Hangeul=추분 후 10일
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| − | |RR=
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| − | |MR=
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| − | |Pinyin=
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| − | |If Common Name=
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| − | |Common Name Hanja=
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| − | |Common Name Hangeul=
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| − | |Common Name RR=
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| − | |Common Name MR=
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| − | |If Alternate=
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| − | |Alternate terms=
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| − | }}
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| − |
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| − | ==Four seasons==
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| − | ===Spring===
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| − | {{Term info
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| − | |Hanja=春
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| − | |Hangeul=봄
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| − | |RR=Bom
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| − | |MR=Pom
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| − | |Pinyin=Chūn
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| − | |If Common Name=
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| − | |Common Name Hanja=
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| − | |Common Name Hangeul=
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| − | |Common Name RR=
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| − | |Common Name MR=
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| − | |If Alternate=
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| − | |Alternate terms=
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| − | }}
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| − | ===Summer===
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| − | {{Term info
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| − | |Hanja=夏
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| − | |Hangeul=여름
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| − | |RR=Yeoreum
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| − | |MR=Yŏrŭm
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| − | |Pinyin=Xià
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| − | |If Common Name=
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| − | |Common Name Hanja=
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| − | |Common Name Hangeul=
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| − | |Common Name RR=
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| − | |Common Name MR=
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| − | |If Alternate=
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| − | |Alternate terms=
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| − | }}
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| − | ===Autumn===
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| − | {{Term info
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| − | |Hanja=秋
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| − | |Hangeul=가을
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| − | |RR=Gaeul
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| − | |MR=Kaŭl
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| − | |Pinyin=
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| − | |If Common Name=
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| − | |Common Name Hanja=
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| − | |Common Name Hangeul=
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| − | |Common Name RR=
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| − | |Common Name MR=
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| − | |If Alternate=
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| − | |Alternate terms=
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| − | }}
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| − | ===Winter===
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| − | {{Term info
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| − | |Hanja=冬
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| − | |Hangeul=겨울
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| − | |RR=Gyeoul
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| − | |MR=Kyŏul
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| − | |Pinyin=Dōng
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| − | |If Common Name=
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| − | |Common Name Hanja=
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| − | |Common Name Hangeul=
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| − | |Common Name RR=
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| − | |Common Name MR=
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| − | |If Alternate=
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| − | |Alternate terms=
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| − | }}
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| − |
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| − | ===Mangjong===
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| − | {{Contribution
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| − | |contributor=Kang Haewon
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| − | |my contribution=
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| − | }}
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| − | *English: Grain in Ear
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| − | *Chinese: 芒種
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| − | *Korean: 망종
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| − | Mangjong (Kor. 망종, Chin. 芒種, lit. bearded grain) is the ninth of the twenty-four solar terms. Occurring between Soman (Kor. 소만, Chin. 小滿, Beginning of Grain Ripening) and Haji (Kor. 하지, Chin. 夏至, Summer Solstice), Mangjong usually falls during the fifth month on the lunar calendar and happens around June sixth on the Gregorian calendar. The sun reaches the celestial longitude of 75 degrees on this day. As suggested by its name, Mangjong indicates the appropriate time to harvest the first crop and sow the second of bearded grains such as rice and barley.<ref>"[http://folkency.nfm.go.kr/en/topic/BeardedGrain/3736 Bearded Grain]", ''Encyclopedia of Korean Folk Culture'', National Folk Museum of Korea.</ref>
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| − | ===White Dew===
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| − | *English: White Dew
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| − | *Chinese:白露
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| − | *Korean:백로
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| − | [http://folkency.nfm.go.kr/en/topic/WhiteDew/3943 White Dew]is one of the twenty-four solar terms. According to the Gregorian calendar, it falls around September 9th, and according to the lunar calendar, White Dew usually falls in the eighth month.<ref>"[http://folkency.nfm.go.kr/en/topic/WhiteDew/3943 White Dew]", ''Encyclopedia of Korean Folk Culture'', National Folk Museum of Korea.</ref>
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| − | ===Autumn Equinox===
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| − | *English: Autumn Equinox
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| − | *Chinese:秋分
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| − | *Korean:추분
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| − | [http://folkency.nfm.go.kr/en/topic/AutumnEquinox/5057 Autumn Equinox] is one of the twenty-four solar terms. It occurs after White Dew 白露, and it falls, according to the Gregorian calendar, around September twenty-third, and according to the lunar calendar, it usually falls in the eight-month.<ref>"[http://folkency.nfm.go.kr/en/topic/AutumnEquinox/5057 Autumn Equinox]", ''Encyclopedia of Korean Folk Culture'', National Folk Museum of Korea.</ref>
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| | ==References== | | ==References== |
2018년 6월 6일 (수) 14:39 판
Grains
Night soil
Contributor: Ciceo Anca Valentina
Night soil is a euphemism for human feces collected from cesspools, privies, pail closets, pit latrines, privy middens, septic tanks, etc. Human excreta may be attractive as fertilizer because of the high demand for fertilizer and the relative availability of the material to create night soil. In areas where native soil is of poor quality, the local population may weigh the risk of using night soil.
Some people refer to human excreta as human manure, and the word "humanure" has also been used. Just like animal manure, it can be applied as a soil conditioner (reuse of excreta in agriculture). Sewage sludge is a material that contains human excreta, as it is generated after mixing excreta with water and treatment of the wastewater in a sewage treatment plant.[1]
Since ancient times, the people of East Asia have traditionally supported a large population by utilizing this natural means of fertilization.[2]
References
- ↑ "Manure", Wikipedia.
- ↑ The Changing History of East Asian Human Manure Fertilization, Sustainability & Environmental Justice.
Contributor: Ciceo Anca Valentina
