"NJ2018 Cultivating Proso and Foxtail Millet"의 두 판 사이의 차이

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{{Contribution |contributor=Jeeeun Kwon |my contribution=Original Text and Korean Translation Editing}}
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{{Contribution |contributor=Lyndsey Twining |my contribution=English Translation Editing}}
 
=='''Original Script'''==
 
=='''Original Script'''==
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|種黍、粟<small>【附占勿谷粟、靑梁粟、薥黍】</small>:<br/>
 
|種黍、粟<small>【附占勿谷粟、靑梁粟、薥黍】</small>:<br/>
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=='''Korean Translation'''==
 
=='''Korean Translation'''==
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'''메기장, 조 재배법''' {{원주|점물곡속, 청량속, 촉서를 덧붙임}}
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3월에 서리가 홀연히 사라지면 {{원주|'''올기장''', '''올조'''는 '''3월 상순'''에, '''늦기장''', '''늦조'''는 '''3월 중순'''에서 '''4월 상순''' 사이에 파종할 수 있다.}}좋은 밭을 고른 후 {{원주|고운 모래와 검은 흙이 절반씩 섞인 곳이 좋다. '''메기장'''과 '''조'''의 성질은 고지대에 건조한 곳이 적합하며, 저지대에 습기가 많은 곳은 적합하지 않다.}}우선 '''팥'''을 듬성듬성 뿌린 후 간다. '''이랑'''을 따라 왼발과 오른발 뒤꿈치로 교대로 밟으면서 '''수임자'''와 '''메기장''' 혹은 '''조'''를 잘 섞어 {{원주|'''수임자''' 1'''푼'''에 '''메기장''' 혹은 '''조''' 3'''푼'''이다.}}파종한다. {{원주|왼발과 오른발을 교대로 움직이면 [종자는] 어느새 흙으로 덮여 있게 된다.}}모가 자라는 동안에, 모 사이에서 나오는 잡초와 모가 빽빽한 곳은 김을 매서 없애고 흙으로 뿌리를 돋워준다. 김매기는 3번 하는데, 잡초가 없다고 해서 김매기를 멈춰서는 안 된다. 이삭이 성장한 이후에는 두 '''이랑''' 사이에 잡초가 무성하면, 입을 '''그물망'''으로 감싼 소 1마리를 서서히 몰아 [고랑을] 갈면서 이삭을 망치지 않게 한다. {{원주|'''이랑''' 사이에 잡초가 없다면 흙으로 이삭 뿌리를 북돋워준다.}}'''메기장'''은 반쯤 익으면 곧바로 벤다. '''조'''는 누렇게 충분히 익은 다음에 베야 한다. {{원주|'''메기장'''은 익으면 쉽게 떨어지며, 바람을 맞으면 수확을 못하게 된다.}}밭이 만약 척박하다면, 잘 삭힌 '''거름''' 혹은 '''뇨회'''[와 섞어] 파종한다. {{원주|메기장․조 2~3'''되'''를 기준으로 잘 삭힌 '''거름''' 혹은 '''뇨회''' 1'''섬'''을 섞는다.}}
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○'''조'''에는 또한 '''만종'''이 있는데, 일찍 익는 것이 '''청량''' {{원주|향명 생동점}}등과 같다. {{원주|향명 점물곡}}흙이 두텁고 오래 묵은 땅을 골라 심는다. {{원주|수풀을 베어낸 곳이 가장 좋고, 오래 묵은 밭이 그 다음이고, '''맥근'''이 가장 나쁘다.}}5월에 잡초를 베어내고 [잡초가] 마른 후에 불을 지르는데, 재가 식기 전에 {{원주|재가 식으면 거미가 땅에 거미줄을 넓게 쳐서 종자가 땅에 닿지 않게 된다.}}조 종자를 뿌리고, '''철치파''' {{원주|향명 수수음}}로 흙을 일구어 종자를 덮으면, 김매는 힘은 줄어들고 소출은 보통 때의 두 배가 된다. {{원주|대체로 밭을 가꾸는 법은 가을에 갈아 겨울을 나는 것이 가장 상책인데, 조밭은 더욱 그러하다.}}'''간종'''한 '''조'''가 혹 비로 인해 줄기가 지나치게 무성해지면, 이삭만 나오고 여물지 않는다. 소에 '''구럭'''을 씌워 두 이랑 사이를 갈아 줄기 마디에 흙을 넣어주면, 다시 새 뿌리가 나며 이삭이 길게 패고 잘 여문다.
  
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○ '''촉서''' {{원주|향명 당서}}는 저지대에 습기가 많은 곳이 적합하며, 고지대에 건조한 곳은 적합하지 않다. 2월에 일찍 파종하면 두 번 김매지 않고도 많이 거두게 된다.
  
 
=='''English Translation'''==
 
=='''English Translation'''==
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'''Cultivating Proso/Foxtail Millet''' (Including''Jeommulgoksok'', ''Cheongnyangsok'', and ''Chokseo'')
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'''Cultivating Proso/Foxtail Millet {{Original Commentary|Including ''Jeommulgok'' , ''Cheongnyang'', and Sorghum}}'''
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If the frost disappears in the third (lunar) month {{Original Commentary|Early-sowing proso/foxtail millet should be sown in the first week<ref group="EN">A lunar month has three weeks of 10 days each.</ref>  of the third month. Late-sowing proso/foxtail millet should be sown between the second week of the third month and the first week of the fourth month}}, select a good field. {{Original Commentary|'''Fields mixed with half fine sand and half black dirt''' are good. '''High and dry areas''' are appropriate for the nature of proso/foxtail millet, and '''low and wet''' places are not.}} First, scatter '''red beans''' about the field. Then, plow. 
  
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If the frost disappears in the third month {{Original Commentary|Early-planting proso/foxtail millet should be sown in the first week of the third month. Late-planting proso/foxtail millet should be sown between the second week of the third month and the first week of the fourth month}}, select a good field. {{Original Commentary|'''Fields mixed with half fine sand and half black dirt''' are good. '''High and dry areas''' are appropriate for the nature of proso/foxtail millet, and '''low and wet''' places are not.}} First, scatter '''red beans''' about the field. Then, plow. 
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Following the ridges, alternately step on and off with the left and right heels of one's feet. Sow a mix of '''wild sesame seeds''' with proso/foxtail millet {{Original Commentary|One part '''wild sesame seeds''', three parts proso/foxtail millet}}. {{Original Commentary|By switching between left and right feet, the seeds will be covered with soil.}} <ref group="EN">This section is referring to the foot sowing method.</ref>
  
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Following the ridges, alternately step on and off with the left and right heels of one's feet. Sow a mix of '''wild sesame seeds''' with proso/foxtail millet {{Original Commentary|One part '''wild sesame seeds''', three parts proso/foxtail millet}}. {{Original Commentary|By switching between left and right feet, the seeds will be covered with soil.}}
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When the seedlings grow, hoe and remove the weeds growing in between the seedlings. Where they are thick, cover up the roots with soil. Hoe three times, and do not stop hoeing just because there are no weeds.  
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When the seedlings grow, hoe and remove the weeds growing in between the seedlings. Where they are thick, cover up the roots with dirt. Hoe three times, and do not stop hoeing just because there are no weeds.  
 
  
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After the seedlings have grown, if the weeds grow thickly between the ridges, yoke an '''ox''', cover its mouth with a '''mussle''', and have it plow slowly, preventing the grain from being damaged. {{Original Commentary|If there are no weeds between the ridges, cover the roots of the plants with dirt.}}
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After the seedlings have grown, if the weeds grow thickly between the ridges, yoke an '''ox''' with its mouth covered with a '''mussle'''<ref group="EN">To stop the ox from eating the plants</ref>, and have it plow slowly, preventing the plants from being damaged. {{Original Commentary|If there are no weeds between the ridges, cover the roots of the plants with soil.}}
  
 
If the proso millet is half ripe, it should be cut immediately. For, foxtail millet, it is possible to wait until is fully yellow to cut it. {{Original Commentary|When proso millet is ripe, it falls easily, and if it comes into contact with wind, then the harvest will be lost.}}  
 
If the proso millet is half ripe, it should be cut immediately. For, foxtail millet, it is possible to wait until is fully yellow to cut it. {{Original Commentary|When proso millet is ripe, it falls easily, and if it comes into contact with wind, then the harvest will be lost.}}  
35번째 줄: 46번째 줄:
  
  
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Proso/foxtail millet, as well, has a '''late-planting quick-ripening variety''',  similar to '''''cheongnyang''''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is  ''saengdongjeom''}}.  {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''jeommulgok''.}}
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○ Proso/foxtail millet, as well, has a '''late-sowing quick-ripening variety''',  similar to '''''cheongnyang''''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is  ''saengdongjeom''}}.  {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''jeommulgok''.}}
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Choose soil that is thick, old, and well-used for planting. {{Original Commentary|Places '''without trees and grass''' are best, '''old and well-used''' fields are second best, and fields '''where barley has been grown (and the roots remain)''' are worst.}}  
  
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Choose soil that is thick, old, and well-used for planting. {{Original Commentary|Places '''without trees and grass''' are best, '''old and well-used''' fields are second best, and fields '''where barley has been grown (and the roots remain)''' are the worst.}}
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In the fifth month, remove the weeds, waiting till they are dry to burn them. When the ashes are not yet cool {{Original Commentary|If the ashes cool, then spiders make a web all over the fields's surface, preventing the seeds from touching the soil}}, scatter the proso/foxtail millet seeds. Then, dig up the earth with a '''''cheolchipa''''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''susueum''}} and cover the seeds. This reduces the labor for hoeing and produces twice as much yield as normal.  
  
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In the fifth month, remove the weeds, waiting till they are dry to burn them. When the ashes are not yet cool {{Original Commentary|If the ashes cool, then spiders make a web all over the fields's surface, preventing the seeds from touching the soil}}, scatter the proso/foxtail millet seeds. Then, dig up the earth with a '''''cheolchipa''''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''susueum''}} and cover the seeds. This reduces the labor for hoeing and produces twice as much yield as normal. {{Original Commentary|In general, regarding field cultivation methods, plowing in authmn (so the seeds) grow in winter is best, and this is all the more so for proso/foxtail millet fields.}} {{Original Commentary|If the stalks of intercropped proso/foxtail millet grow too thick due to rain, only the leaves will sprout and the grain will not mature. Yoke an ox, cover its mouth with a mussle, and plow in between two ridges, putting dirt in between the joints of the proso/foxtail millet stalks. This will grow new roots and leaves that will grow long and mature into grain.}}  
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{{Original Commentary|In general, regarding field cultivation methods, plowing in autumn (so the seeds) grow in winter is best, and this is all the more so for proso/foxtail millet fields.}} {{Original Commentary|If the stalks of intercropped proso/foxtail millet grow too thick due to rain, only the leaves will sprout and the grain will not mature. Yoke an ox with its mouth covered with a mussle, and plow in between two ridges, putting soil in between the joints of the proso/foxtail millet stalks. This will grow new roots and leaves that will grow long and mature into grain.}}  
  
  
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'''''Chokseo''''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''dangseo''}} is appropriate for '''low and wet areas''', and inappropriate for '''high and dry areas'''. If sowed early in the second month, (even) without a second hoeing there will be a large harvest.
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○ '''Sorghum''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''dangseo''}} is appropriate for '''low and wet areas''', and inappropriate for '''high and dry areas'''. If sowed early in the second month, (even) without a second hoeing there will be a large harvest.
 
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<references group="en"/>
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<references group="EN"/>
  
 
=='''Glossary'''==
 
=='''Glossary'''==
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'''Plant Varieties'''
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*[[NJ2018_Glossary_-_Plant_Varieties#Cheongnyang variety (saengdongjeom)|Cheongnyang variety (saengdongjeom)]]
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*[[NJ2018_Glossary_-_Plant_Varieties#Late-sowing quick-ripening variety|Late-sowing quick-ripening variety]]
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*[[NJ2018_Glossary_-_Plant_Varieties#Red bean|Red bean]]
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*[[NJ2018_Glossary_-_Plant_Varieties#Sorghum|Sorghum]]
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*[[NJ2018_Glossary_-_Plant_Varieties#Wild sesame seeds|Wild sesame seeds]]
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'''Farming Tools'''
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*[[NJ2018_Glossary_-_Farming_Tools#Aged manure|Aged manure]]
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*[[NJ2018_Glossary_-_Farming_Tools#Cheolchipa|Cheolchipa]]
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*[[NJ2018_Glossary_-_Farming_Tools#Mussle|Mussle]]
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*[[NJ2018_Glossary_-_Farming_Tools#Ox|Ox]]
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*[[NJ2018_Glossary_-_Farming_Tools#Mixture of urine and ash|Urinated ash]]
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'''Land Types'''
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*[[NJ2018_Glossary_-_Land_Types#Fields mixed with half fine sand and half black dirt|Fields mixed with half fine sand and half black dirt]]
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*[[NJ2018_Glossary_-_Land_Types#Fields where barley had been grown|Fields where barley had been grown]]
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*[[NJ2018_Glossary_-_Land_Types#High and dry (areas)|High and dry areas]]
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*[[NJ2018_Glossary_-_Land_Types#Low and wet lands|Low and wet lands]]
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*[[NJ2018_Glossary_-_Land_Types#Old and well-used fields|Old and well-used fields]]
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*[[NJ2018_Glossary_-_Land_Types#Places without trees and grass|Places without trees and grass]]
  
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'''Measurements'''
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*[[NJ2018_Glossary_-_Measurements#Doe|Doe]]
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*[[NJ2018_Glossary_-_Measurements#Seom|Seom]]
  
 
=='''Footnote'''==
 
=='''Footnote'''==
54번째 줄: 91번째 줄:
 
=='''Further Reading'''==
 
=='''Further Reading'''==
  
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* "[https://doi.org/10.20928/KTKP.AGR.0000203094 속(粟)]", 『고농서국역총서10』 「농정회요(農政會要)」, 농촌진흥청, 2005.
  
 
[[Category:농사직설]]
 
[[Category:농사직설]]

2018년 12월 11일 (화) 14:47 기준 최신판

Nongsa jikseol
Table of Contents
  1. Preface
  2. Preparing the Seed Grain
  3. Plowing the Soil
  4. Cultivating Hemp
  5. Cultivating Rice
  6. Cultivating Proso and Foxtail Millet
  7. Cultivating Barnyard Grass
  8. Cultivating Soybeans, Red Beans, and Mung Beans
  9. Cultivating Barley and Wheat
  10. Cultivating Sesame
  11. Cultivating Buckwheat

Edit.png Contributor: Jeeeun Kwon (Original Text and Korean Translation Editing)

Edit.png Contributor: Lyndsey Twining (English Translation Editing)

Original Script

Text with Punctuation Text Image
種黍、粟【附占勿谷粟、靑梁粟、薥黍】:

三月霜氣頓無, 【早黍、早粟三月上旬, 晩黍、晩粟三月中旬至四月上旬, 可種。】 擇良田, 【細沙、黑土相半者爲良。黍、粟性宜高燥, 不宜下濕。】
先用小豆稀疎播撒, 後耕之。
遂畝左右足踵交踏, 以水荏子與黍或粟, 相和【水荏子一分, 黍或粟三分。】下種。 【左右足交運, 已成覆土矣。】
及苗長, 間生雜草與科密處, 鋤而去之, 以土壅根。 鋤至三度, 勿以無草停鋤。
待禾成長, 兩畝間雜草茂盛, 用一牛網其口, 徐驅耕之, 勿致損禾。 【畝間無穢, 土壅禾根。】
黍半熟卽刈, 粟待十分黃熟可刈。 【黍熟易零, 遇風卽失收。】
田若塉薄, 用熟糞或尿灰, 種之。 【每黍、粟二三升, 和熟糞或尿灰一石爲度。】

○ 粟又有晩種早熟, 如靑梁【鄕名生動粘】之類者。【鄕名占勿谷】 擇土厚久陳地, 種之。 【芟除林木爲上, 久陣田次之, 麥根爲下。】
五月伐草, 待乾火之。 灰未冷時, 【灰冷卽蜘蛛遍網地面, 種不至地。】 撒擲粟種, 以鐵齒擺【鄕名手愁音】, 起土覆種粟, 鋤草省力, 所出倍常。【大抵治田之法, 秋耕過冬爲上, 粟田尤甚。】

○ 薥黍【鄕名唐黍】, 宜下濕, 不宜高燥。 二月早種, 鋤不至再而收多。


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Korean Translation

메기장, 조 재배법 점물곡속, 청량속, 촉서를 덧붙임


3월에 서리가 홀연히 사라지면 올기장, 올조는 3월 상순에, 늦기장, 늦조는 3월 중순에서 4월 상순 사이에 파종할 수 있다. 좋은 밭을 고른 후 고운 모래와 검은 흙이 절반씩 섞인 곳이 좋다. 메기장과 조의 성질은 고지대에 건조한 곳이 적합하며, 저지대에 습기가 많은 곳은 적합하지 않다. 우선 팥을 듬성듬성 뿌린 후 간다. 이랑을 따라 왼발과 오른발 뒤꿈치로 교대로 밟으면서 수임자와 메기장 혹은 조를 잘 섞어 수임자 1푼에 메기장 혹은 조 3푼이다. 파종한다. 왼발과 오른발을 교대로 움직이면 [종자는] 어느새 흙으로 덮여 있게 된다. 모가 자라는 동안에, 모 사이에서 나오는 잡초와 모가 빽빽한 곳은 김을 매서 없애고 흙으로 뿌리를 돋워준다. 김매기는 3번 하는데, 잡초가 없다고 해서 김매기를 멈춰서는 안 된다. 이삭이 성장한 이후에는 두 이랑 사이에 잡초가 무성하면, 입을 그물망으로 감싼 소 1마리를 서서히 몰아 [고랑을] 갈면서 이삭을 망치지 않게 한다. 이랑 사이에 잡초가 없다면 흙으로 이삭 뿌리를 북돋워준다. 메기장은 반쯤 익으면 곧바로 벤다. 조는 누렇게 충분히 익은 다음에 베야 한다. 메기장은 익으면 쉽게 떨어지며, 바람을 맞으면 수확을 못하게 된다. 밭이 만약 척박하다면, 잘 삭힌 거름 혹은 뇨회[와 섞어] 파종한다. 메기장․조 2~3되를 기준으로 잘 삭힌 거름 혹은 뇨회 1섬을 섞는다.


○조에는 또한 만종이 있는데, 일찍 익는 것이 청량 향명 생동점 등과 같다. 향명 점물곡 흙이 두텁고 오래 묵은 땅을 골라 심는다. 수풀을 베어낸 곳이 가장 좋고, 오래 묵은 밭이 그 다음이고, 맥근이 가장 나쁘다. 5월에 잡초를 베어내고 [잡초가] 마른 후에 불을 지르는데, 재가 식기 전에 재가 식으면 거미가 땅에 거미줄을 넓게 쳐서 종자가 땅에 닿지 않게 된다. 조 종자를 뿌리고, 철치파 향명 수수음 로 흙을 일구어 종자를 덮으면, 김매는 힘은 줄어들고 소출은 보통 때의 두 배가 된다. 대체로 밭을 가꾸는 법은 가을에 갈아 겨울을 나는 것이 가장 상책인데, 조밭은 더욱 그러하다. 간종한 조가 혹 비로 인해 줄기가 지나치게 무성해지면, 이삭만 나오고 여물지 않는다. 소에 구럭을 씌워 두 이랑 사이를 갈아 줄기 마디에 흙을 넣어주면, 다시 새 뿌리가 나며 이삭이 길게 패고 잘 여문다.

○ 촉서 향명 당서 는 저지대에 습기가 많은 곳이 적합하며, 고지대에 건조한 곳은 적합하지 않다. 2월에 일찍 파종하면 두 번 김매지 않고도 많이 거두게 된다.

English Translation

Cultivating Proso/Foxtail Millet Including Jeommulgok , Cheongnyang, and Sorghum

If the frost disappears in the third (lunar) month Early-sowing proso/foxtail millet should be sown in the first week[EN 1] of the third month. Late-sowing proso/foxtail millet should be sown between the second week of the third month and the first week of the fourth month, select a good field. Fields mixed with half fine sand and half black dirt are good. High and dry areas are appropriate for the nature of proso/foxtail millet, and low and wet places are not. First, scatter red beans about the field. Then, plow.

Following the ridges, alternately step on and off with the left and right heels of one's feet. Sow a mix of wild sesame seeds with proso/foxtail millet One part wild sesame seeds, three parts proso/foxtail millet. By switching between left and right feet, the seeds will be covered with soil. [EN 2]

When the seedlings grow, hoe and remove the weeds growing in between the seedlings. Where they are thick, cover up the roots with soil. Hoe three times, and do not stop hoeing just because there are no weeds.

After the seedlings have grown, if the weeds grow thickly between the ridges, yoke an ox with its mouth covered with a mussle[EN 3], and have it plow slowly, preventing the plants from being damaged. If there are no weeds between the ridges, cover the roots of the plants with soil.

If the proso millet is half ripe, it should be cut immediately. For, foxtail millet, it is possible to wait until is fully yellow to cut it. When proso millet is ripe, it falls easily, and if it comes into contact with wind, then the harvest will be lost.

If the fields are barren, use aged manure or urinated ash (for mixing) and sow the seeds. For every two or three doe of millet, mix one seom of aged manure or urinated ash.


○ Proso/foxtail millet, as well, has a late-sowing quick-ripening variety, similar to cheongnyang Its common name is saengdongjeom. Its common name is jeommulgok.

Choose soil that is thick, old, and well-used for planting. Places without trees and grass are best, old and well-used fields are second best, and fields where barley has been grown (and the roots remain) are worst.

In the fifth month, remove the weeds, waiting till they are dry to burn them. When the ashes are not yet cool If the ashes cool, then spiders make a web all over the fields's surface, preventing the seeds from touching the soil, scatter the proso/foxtail millet seeds. Then, dig up the earth with a cheolchipa Its common name is susueum and cover the seeds. This reduces the labor for hoeing and produces twice as much yield as normal.

In general, regarding field cultivation methods, plowing in autumn (so the seeds) grow in winter is best, and this is all the more so for proso/foxtail millet fields. If the stalks of intercropped proso/foxtail millet grow too thick due to rain, only the leaves will sprout and the grain will not mature. Yoke an ox with its mouth covered with a mussle, and plow in between two ridges, putting soil in between the joints of the proso/foxtail millet stalks. This will grow new roots and leaves that will grow long and mature into grain.


○ Sorghum Its common name is dangseo is appropriate for low and wet areas, and inappropriate for high and dry areas. If sowed early in the second month, (even) without a second hoeing there will be a large harvest.

  1. ↑ A lunar month has three weeks of 10 days each.
  2. ↑ This section is referring to the foot sowing method.
  3. ↑ To stop the ox from eating the plants

Glossary

Plant Varieties

Farming Tools

Land Types

Measurements

Footnote


Further Reading

  • "속(粟)", 『고농서국역총서10』 「농정회요(農政會要)」, 농촌진흥청, 2005.
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