"(Translation) 鄭道傳 朝鮮經國典 序"의 두 판 사이의 차이

六典之作尙矣。若稽周禮。一曰治典。以經邦國。以治官府。以紀萬民。二曰敎典。以安邦國。以敎官府。以擾萬民。三曰禮典。以和邦國。以統百官。以諧萬民。四曰政典。以平邦國。以正百官。以均萬民。五曰刑典。以詰邦國。以刑百官。以糾萬民。六曰事典。以富邦國。以任百官。以生萬民。治則吏也。敎則禮也。政則兵也。事則工也。自古以來。天下國家之治亂興亡。昭然可考。其所以治且興者。以明夫六典也。其所以亂且亡者。以昧於六典也。高麗之季。政敎陵夷。紀綱頹敗。所謂六典者。名存實無。有志之士。扼腕嘆息者。久矣。亂極復治。理之必然。

惟我殿下應天順人。除殘去暴。乃革舊弊。一新敎化。以時考績。黜陟幽明。而治典明矣。輕徭薄賦。休養生民。而敎典明矣。車服有章。上下有別。則禮典可謂明矣。克詰戎兵。折衝禦侮。則政典可謂明矣。議刑得情。民無寃抑。刑典不可謂不明也。允釐百工。以煕庶績。事典不可謂不明也。於是。判三司事奉化伯臣鄭道傳。作爲一書。名之曰經國典。以獻 殿下。

宸心是悅。付諸有司藏之金樻。爰命臣揔。序其編端。臣揔竊伏惟念。一代之興。必有一代之制作。苟非明良相得。有同魚水。則何以臻此焉。今我 殿下推赤心。委任宰相。而三司公以天人之學。經濟之才。贊襄丕基。馳聘雄文。克成大典。非唯有補於 殿下乙夜之覽。且爲子孫萬世之龜鑑也。於戲。其至矣乎。若視爲文具。則書自書人自人矣。何益於治道哉。子思之作中庸也。論九經曰。其所以行之者一也。一者何謂。誠也。臣於是書。亦以此言焉。

Preface to the Statutes of the Governance of Joseon

The six principles of administering a country have been created for a long time. If we look back on the Rituals of Zhou, Firstly, there is the Canon of State（治典), used for administering different states, managing the government, and ruling the people. Secondly, there is the Canon of Education（教典), used for stabilizing the states, instructing the government, and taming the people. Thirdly, there is the Canon of Ritual（礼典), used for coordinating the states, commanding the officials, and harmonizing the people. Fourthly, there is the Canon of War（政典）, used for maintaining political fairness in each state, rectifying the attitude of the officials, and equalizing the taxes of the people. Fifthly, there is the Canon of Justice, used for interrogating the states, punishing the officials, and investigating the people. Sixthly, there is the Canon of Works (事典) used for enriching the states, appointing the officials, and nurturing the people. Governance is about the officials. Indoctrination is about ethics. Regime is about military affairs. Routine work is about labour.

From the ancient times, the rise and fall of a country could be clearly observed in history. The reason why a country became politically stable and prosperous was because it had a clear understanding of the six principles. The reason why a country became politically instable and perished is because it was unaware of the six principles. Towards the end of the Goryeo dynasty, the regime declined and moral suasion broke down. The so-called six principles existed in name only. People with noble aspirations sigh, wringing their hands for a long time. Once a country reaches its uttermost of instability, it will return to the status of stability, this is inevitable.

Your highness follows the mandate of heaven and comply with the popular wishes of the people; your highness has abolished those are ruthless and disposed of those who were cruel. Therefore, the problems have been remedied, and moral suasion has been renewed. By evaluating the performance of the officials at an appropriate time, Your Highness should demote under-performing officials, promote enlightened officials. In this way, the principle of governing could become clear. By alievating corvee labors and taxes and giving people some time to recuperate, to breed, and to grow. In this way, the principle of moral suasion can become clear. The use of carriage and clothing are standardized, and there are clear differences between up and down. Therefore, the principle of ethics is cleared. Having the ability to rule the country properly, and defend the country from outsiders. Therefore, the principle of regime is cleared. The conviction of criminals is precisely based on details of each case, there isn’t any injustice among the people. The principle of justice is no doubt cleared. All the officials fulfill their own part of duty, many of the things will be prosperous. The principle of routine work is no doubt cleared. Therefore, 判三司事奉化伯 Jeong Dojeon collected all these principles into one book, named it Statutes of the Governance of Joseon and presented it to your highness. The king was therefore pleased in mind, gave it to the official who is in charge of this, and put it in the golden cabinet. Then ordered minister 㧾 to undertake the task and write a preface to this book. Minister 㧾 once thought about it privately, when there is a rise of a new dynasty, there are some new establishments. If it’s not because of a wise king meets with some good officials, like a fish gets into the water, how could it reaches this particular situation? Your highness assigned this task to the Grand Councilor with sincere heart. 三司公 exerted his intelligence of heaven and people, and skills of governance and benefiting the people, to support the foundation of the dynasty, to write down these articles with vigorous energy. Finally, this great book of statues was finished. Not only will this be presented as a supplement to what your highness has been reading at night, it will also serve as an example or warning to the future generation. Ah！Would this be the uttermost of this? If we regard it just as an object of decoration, then this book is just a book and we people are just ordinary people. How could it has anything good to the governance of a country? Zisi（子思） wrote Zhongyong（中庸）, he commented on the nine classics （九经） and said: what these classics shared in common is just one thing, what is that? That is sincerity. My comment on this book is also the same.