E2-508

Story

After Korea opened its ports to trade in 1876, foreigners were for the first time allowed to trade at the newly opened ports, such as Busan (1876), Wonsan (1880), Incheon (1883), Mokpo (1897), Jinnampo (1897), Gunsan (1899), and Masan (1899). But the opening of the ports also ushered in the beginning of new diplomatic relationships, as well. The foreigners began establishing diplomatic institutions inside Hanyangdoseong, the Seoul City Wall, which was the capital of the Joseon dynasty (1392-1910). Korea had long-standing diplomatic relationships with China and Japan, but now these countries began to interfere even more heavily in Korea's internal affairs. However, it was the first time Westerners had begun a formal relationship with Korea. In the last two decades of the 19th century, these three groups, namely Chinese, Japanese, and Westerners, each set up their diplomatic institutions in different neighborhoods within the Seoul City Wall.

Historically, Chinese envoys resided in Taepyeonggwan Hall whenever they visited the Korean capital. Taepyeonggwan, meaning "Hall of Great Peace," was first established in Seoul in 1395. It was located right inside the walls of Sungnyemun Gate (i.e. Namdaemun). Later on, they also resided in Nambyeonggung Royal Residence, near today's Seoul Plaza. When the Korean Empire was established in 1897, Hwangudan Altar was built on the site of Nambyeolgung Royal Residence to symbolize the end of tributary relations with China and the soverignty of the Korean emperor. However, already by 1883, a modern legation building for the Qing dynasty had been established at the site of the current People's Republic of China embassy. The Belgian and German Legations also moved to the area in the early 1900s.

The Japanese built their legation in 1885 on the northern slope of Namsan Mountain. Later during the Japanese colonial period (1910-1945), this area to the north of Namsan Mountain, near today's Myeongdong Station, would become the Japanese district, while the area's to the north near Jong-ro would become the Korean district of Seoul. Japan would continue to set up its military and police facilities on the northern slope of Namsan Mountain, and even built a Shinto Shrine on top of the mountain.

Westerners established their diplomatic missions primarily in the Jeong-dong neighborhood, located in the far west of the capital to the south of Donuimun Gate (i.e. Seodaemun). The first legation to be built was the American Legation, established in 1883, followed by the British and German Legations in 1884, the Russian Legation in 1885, the French Legation in 1888, and the Belgian and Italian Legations in 1901. In addition to the diplomatic legations, established in the neighborhood were Christian churches, schools, hospitals, and a hotel for foreign visitors. Many of the buildings were built in a Western style, creating a distinctly different feeling from other neighborhoods in the capital. After King Gojong fled to the Russian Legation in 1896 following the assassination of his wife, the neighborhood became the center of the Korean Empire (1897-1910), which based itself at the palace located there, today's Deoksugung. After Korea was illegally annexed by Japan in 1910, the foreign allegations ceased their function, however many Westerners continued to reside in the neighborhood.

• 중국관련 이야기 재확인 필요

• 100년 전의 기억, 대한제국 / 국립고궁박물관-서울대학교 규장각한국학연구원 공동주최 특별전
• 정동1900 / 서울역사박물관 개관 10주년 기념 특별전시
• https://m.blog.naver.com/xkqwlal/222009721742
• http://dh.aks.ac.kr/sillokwiki/index.php/%EC%B2%AD%EA%B5%AD%EC%98%81%EC%82%AC%EA%B4%80(%E6%B7%B8%E5%9C%8B%EF%A6%B4%E4%BA%8B%E9%A4%A8)
• https://museum.seoul.go.kr/archive/archiveView.do?type=A&type2=area&arcvGroupNo=344&lowerArcvGroupNo=2906&arcvMetaSeq=22209&arcvNo=69611
• https://www.culturecontent.com/content/contentView.do?search_div=CP_THE&search_div_id=CP_THE006&cp_code=cp1012&index_id=cp10120104&content_id=cp101201040001&search_left_menu=2
• http://dh.aks.ac.kr/sillokwiki/index.php/%ED%83%9C%ED%8F%89%EA%B4%80(%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E9%A4%A8)
• http://dh.aks.ac.kr/sillokwiki/index.php/%EB%82%A8%EB%B3%84%EA%B6%81(%E5%8D%97%E5%88%A5%E5%AE%AE)
• https://www.pressian.com/pages/articles/100595

Semantic Data

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The_First_Foreign_Neighborhoods_in_Seoul	Story	Episode		The_First_Foreign_Neighborhoods_in_Seoul				http://dh.aks.ac.kr/hanyang2/wiki/index.php/The_First_Foreign_Neighborhoods_in_Seoul

Contextual Relations

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• type: 해설, 참고, 원문 / 사진, 동영상, 도면, 그림, 지도, 3D_지도, 3D_모델

Bibliography

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• type: 단행본, 논문, 도록, 자료집
• online resource: KCI, RISS, DBpia, 네이버 학술정보 .....