Slave Voyages

What

Trans-Atlantic

19-20세기에 일어난 slave voyages 중 대서양을 가로지른 것이다. 아프리카인 노비들이 아프리카에서 출발하여 대서양을 거쳐 북아메리카, 남아메리카, 유럽 대륙으로 보내졌다.

Database

Variables의 수

Search the database interface, general category에 74개의 variables가 있고, Download 가능한 database에 293개의 variables가 있다.

Variables의 종류

Data variables

Data variables의 카테고리

카테고리	특징 및 목록
Year range	노예들이 도착한 해를 기준으로 정리되었다.
	목록: year arrived with slaves
선박의 특징	선박의 이름, 주인, 선박이 만들어지고 등록된 시간과 장소, 국적, 돛대의 종류, 톤수(적재량), 총기류 적재량에 대한 정보이다.
	목록: vessel names vessel owners years: construction, registration places: construction, registration nationalities(flags) parts: types of rig(돛대의 종류), tonnage, numbers of guns mounted
Itinerary of the voyage	Voyage가 시작되고 끝난 장소, 노예 거래가 일어난 장소, 노예가 도착한 장소가 해당된다.
	목록: identity: where voyage began, where voyage ended, places of call before Atlantic crossing purchase: principal place of purchase, 1st place of purchase, 2nd place of purchase, 3rd place of purchase landing: principal place of slave landing, 1st place of landing, 2nd place of landing, 3rd place of landing
Enslaved people의 특징	91,491명의 노예들의 이름, 개인정보를 포함한다. 나이와 성별, 사망률에 따라 하위 variables를 나눴다.
	목록: the numbers: total embarked, total disembarked(전적으로 imputed data), slaves intended/slaves from 1st port, slaves from 2nd port, slaves from 3rd port, slaves arrived 1st port, slaves arrived 2nd port, slaves landed 1st port, slaves landed 2nd port, slaves landed 3rd port, percent men, percent women, percent boys, percent girls, percent males(and females), percent children(and adults), sterling cash price in jamaica, captives died during middle passage, mortality rate age/sex: men, women, boys, girls, adults, infants, males, females mortality
출발, 도착일자	선박이 출발하고 도착한 일자를 바탕으로 중간 항로와 여정의 길이를 파악했다. 노예 거래가 시작되고 여정이 마무리되는 일자까지 포함한다.
	목록: days: middle passages, voyage length dates: date that voyage began, date that trade began in Africa, date that vessel departed Africa, date vessel arrived with slaves, date vessel departed for homeport, date voyage completed
선장 및 선원	선장의 이름과 voyage 전후의 선원의 수에 대한 정보이다.
	목록: captain's name number of crew: at voyage outset, at first landing of slaves, deaths during voyages
Voyage의 결과	다양한 voyage의 결과들에 대한 정보이다. 노예와 주인의 입장에서 voyage의 결과, captured ship의 결과, 아프리카인의 저항이 있다.
	목록: outcomes: particular outcome of voyage, outcome for slaves, outcome for owner(s), outcome of voyage if ship captured, African resistance
기록의 출처	기록의 출처를 source type, reference로 구분하여 작성했다.

Imputed variables

Imputed variables의 카테고리

카테고리	특징
Flag IMP	National carrier
Slaximp	Total slaves embarked
Slamimp	Total slaves disembarked
Year IMP	year arrived with slaves
places	Voyage가 시작된 장소, 노예거래가 진행된 장소, 하선한 장소가 해당된다.
embarked or disembarked captives	geographic data, imputed voyage dates, numbers of captives

Data Visualization

데이터베이스를 바탕으로 세 가지 그래프를 제공한다.

XY Scatter Plot

X축, Y축 변수를 설정하면 자동으로 꺾은선 그래프를 출력함.

X축 입력 가능 변수는 7개, Y축 입력 가능 변수는 21개.

X축 지원 variable 항목

Y축 지원 variable 항목

Year arrived with slaves(IMP) Voyage length Middle passage Crew at 1st landing of slaves Crew at voyage outset Slaves embarked(IMP) Slaves disembarked(IMP)

Number of voyages Average voyage length Average middle passage Standardized tonnage Average Crew at voyage outset Average crew at first landing of slaves Total crew at voyage outset Total crew at first landing of slaves Average number of slaves embarked Average number of slaves disembarked Total number of slaves embarked(IMP) Total number of slaves disembarked(IMP) Percent men Percent women Percent boys Percent girls Percent male Sterling cash price in Jamaica Rate of resistance Percent of slaves embarked died during voyage

Bar Chart

X축, Y축 변수를 설정하면 자동으로 막대그래프를 출력함.

X축 지원 변수는 25개, Y축 지원 변수는 21개.

X축 지원 variable 항목

Y축 지원 variable 항목

Flag(IMP) Rig Particular outcome of voyage Outcome for slaves Outcome for owner Outcome if ship captured African Resistance Place where voyage began(IMP) Region where voyage began Principal place of slave purchase Principal region of slave purchase Principal place of slave landing(IMP) Principal region of slave landing Broad region of slave landing Place where voyage ended Region where voyage ended Month voyage began Month trade began in Africa Month vessel departed Africa Month vessel arrived with slaves Month vessel departed for home port Month voyage completed Year arrived with slaves(5 years period) Year arrived with slaves(10 years period) Year arrived with slaves(25 years period)

Number of voyages Average voyage length Average middle passage Standardized tonnage Average Crew at voyage outset Average crew at first landing of slaves Total crew at voyage outset Total crew at first landing of slaves Average number of slaves embarked Average number of slaves disembarked Total number of slaves embarked(IMP) Total number of slaves disembarked(IMP) Percent men Percent women Percent boys Percent girls Percent male Sterling cash price in Jamaica Rate of resistance Percent of slaves embarked died during voyage

Essays

Trans-Atlantic 노예 무역에 관한 에세이들을 주제별로 게재함.

Interpretation

• A Brief Overview of Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade.David Eltis.Emory University.(2007)
• Seasonality in the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade.Stephen D. Behrendt.Victoria University of Wellington.(2008)
• Dobo: A Liberated African in Nineteenth-Century Havana.Oscar Grandio Moranguez.York University
• A Note on the Voyage of Venture Smith.David Eltis & Paul Lachance.A Note on the Voyage of Venture Smith and the Historical Record of Transatlantic Slave Trading

Vignettes

• Ayuba Suleiman Diallo and Slavery in the Atlantic World.Daniel Domingues da Silva.Emory University.(2007)
• Catherine Zimmermann-Mulgrave: A Slave Odyssey.Daniel Domingues da Silva.Emory University.(2007)

Research Notes

• Voyages and Applied history.Jelmer Vos.Emory University.(2007)

기타 시각자료

Slave Ship in 3D Video

노예선 L'Aurore를 3D 비디오로 재건함.

Why

고전탐구세미나1