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'''Birthplace of Jeon Bong-jun, Gochang'''
 
'''Birthplace of Jeon Bong-jun, Gochang'''
  
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This is the birthplace of Jeon Bong-jun (1856-1895), a prominent religious figure and a leader of a peasant movement at the end of the Joseon period (1392-1910). The house where Jeon was born stood on this spot in Dangcheon Village, Jungnim-ri, where the members of the Cheonan Jeon Clan (to which he belonged) had lived since the beginning of the 19th century. The house was destroyed during the Donghak Peasant Revolution of 1894 by the royal army who intentionally burned down the houses of the people involved in the revolution.
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This is the birthplace of Jeon Bong-jun (1856-1895), a prominent religious figure and leader of the Donghak Peasant Revolution at the end of the Joseon dynasty (1392-1910). The house where Jeon was born was burnt down in 1894 by the royal army as retribution for participation in the revolution.
  
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Jeon Bong-jun was born into a family of Dangcheon Village’s study hall teacher Jeon Chang-hyeok (1827-?). Around the age of 13, he* moved to the Gobu area (today’s Jeoneup, Gobu-myeon) where he spent his youth. In 1890, Jeon joined the indigenous religious movement Donghak (“Eastern Learning”) and soon became a Donghak assembly leader in Gobu.  
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Jeon Bong-jun was born into a family of the Cheonju Jeon Clan, which had resided in Dangcheon Village, Jungnim-ri, since the early 19th century, His father Jeon Chang-hyeok (1827-?) was a teacher at the village study hall. Around the age of 13, his family moved to the Gobu area (today’s Gobu-myeon, Jeongeup) where he spent his youth. In 1890, Jeon joined the indigenous religious movement Donghak (“Eastern Learning”) and soon became a Donghak assembly leader in Gobu.  
  
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In 1894, as a response to the exploitation of Gobu’s peasants by the local magistrate, an army of peasants led by Jeon Bong-jun started a rebellion. Escaping confrontation with the royal troops, they moved to the Mujang area (today’s Gochang) which had a strong presence of the Donghak movement. Joined by the members of the movement, the rebellion grew into the Donghak Peasant Revolution. At this time, Jeon and other Donghak leaders proclaimed the ''Mujang Declaration'' (Mujang pogomun) which demanded putting an end to exploitation and oppression by the feudal ruling class and aimed to change the state of affairs in the country to improve people’s livelihood. In order to realise these goals, peasant uprisings that sporadically emerged throughout the country were united into a single nationwide peasant revolution. Having captured the areas of Mujang and Gobu, the Donghak Peasant Army swept through the northern part of Jeolla-do Province and took Jeonjuseong Fortress.  
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In 1894, in response to the exploitation of Gobu’s peasants by the local magistrate, an army of peasants led by Jeon Bong-jun started a rebellion. Escaping confrontation with the royal troops, they moved to the Mujang area (today’s Gochang) which had a strong movement presence. At this time, Jeon and other Donghak leaders proclaimed the ''Mujang Declaration'' (Mujang pogomun) which demanded putting an end to exploitation and oppression by the ruling class and aimed to change the state of affairs in the country to improve the people’s livelihood. In order to realise these goals, peasant uprisings that had sporadically occured throughout the country were united into a single nationwide movement, known as the Donghak Prasant Revolution.  
  
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When Jeonjuseong Fortress fell, the royal court sent a request for reinforcements to Qing China hoping to suppress the rebellion. When China sent its troops, Japan which was eager to expand its influence over Korea also deployed its own troops on the peninsula. To prevent foreign intervention, the rebellion army agreed to a peace treaty with the royal court. When China suggested to Japan that they both withdraw their forces from Korea, Japan refused to do so and captured Gyeongbokgung Palace in Seoul consequently sparking the First Sino-Japanese War (1894 – 1895).
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Having captured the areas of Mujang and Gobu, the Donghak Peasant Army swept through the northern part of Jeolla-do Province and took Jeonjuseong Fortress. When Jeonjuseong Fortress fell, the royal court sent a request for reinforcements to Qing China hoping to suppress the rebellion. When China sent its troops, Japan, which was eager to expand its influence over Korea, also deployed its own troops on the peninsula. To prevent foreign intervention, the rebellion army agreed to a peace treaty with the royal court. When China suggested to Japan that they both withdraw their forces from Korea, Japan refused to do so and captured Gyeongbokgung Palace in Seoul, consequently sparking the First Sino-Japanese War (1894-1895).
  
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As the war between China and Japan raged on, Jeon Bong-jun led the second Donghak Peasant Rebellion, this time against the Japanese troops which occupied Seoul and installed a pro-Japanese government. Eventually defeated in the Battle of Ugeumchi, Jeon was captured and sent to Seoul where in April of 1895 his was executed.
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As the war between China and Japan raged on, Jeon Bong-jun led the second Donghak Peasant Rebellion, this time against the Japanese troops, which had occupied Seoul and installed a pro-Japanese government. Eventually defeated in the Battle of Ugeumchi, Jeon was captured and sent to Seoul, where in April of 1895 he was executed.
  
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*or his family?
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*"봉건적"이라는 표현은 맞는지... 한국은 본견주의 사회였다는 것에 대한 학술적 논쟁이 큰 걸로 알고 있어서 그 표현을 피하는 것이 좋을 것 같아요. 그래서 일단 생략했어요.
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**[https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/opinion/2021/06/739_306115.html Mark Peterson - Phony Feudalism - Korea Times]
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*"이후 관군을 피해 동학세력이 크게 형성된 무장(지금의 고창)으로 옮겨왔으며 동학농민군으로 봉기하였다. "
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**이 문장은 뒤에 있는 문장과 약간 반복적인 내용이 있어서 일부 내용 생략했어요.
  
 
===영문 해설 내용===
 
===영문 해설 내용===

2022년 5월 9일 (월) 09:58 판


고창 전봉준 생가터
대표명칭 고창 전봉준 생가터
한자 高敞 全琫準 生家터
주소 전라북도 고창군 고창읍 죽림리 59
지정번호 전라북도 기념물 제146호
지정일 2021년 4월 9일
분류 유적건조물 / 주거생활 / 주거지
시대 조선후기
수량/면적 1필지 2,813㎡
웹사이트 고창 전봉준 생가터, 국가문화유산포털, 문화재청.



해설문

국문

전봉준(全琫準)은 동학농민혁명의 핵심 인물이자 최고 지도자이다. 전봉준은 이곳 당촌 마을에서 서당 훈장을 하던 아버지 전창혁과 어머니 언양 김씨의 아들로 태어났다. 여기는 전봉준이 1855년 12월 3일(양력1856.1.10.) 태어나 13세 무렵까지 살았던 곳이다. 천안 전씨 족보인 『병술보(丙戌譜)』, 오지영의 『동학사』 등의 학술 고증과 마을 노인들의 증언이 서로 일치하여 전라북도 기념물로 지정되었다.

당촌마을은 천안 전씨들이 19세기 초에 이주해와 살던 곳이다. 전봉준 생가는 큰방, 부엌, 작은 방을 포함한 세 칸짜리 흙담집이었다고 전해지나 동학농민혁명 기간에 관군이 동학 관련자들의 집을 불태우면서 터만 남았다.

전봉준은 청장년기를 고부(현재 정읍시 고부면)에서 보냈는데, 1894년 1월에 고부 군수 조병갑의 가혹한 수탈에 저항해 농민봉기를 주도하였다. 농민군이 관군의 탄압을 받자 동학세력이 크게 형성된 무장으로 옮겨온 전봉준은 1894년 3월 20일(양력1894.4.25.) 동학 대접주* 손화중, 김덕명, 김개남 등과 함께 무장현 당산(현재 공음면 구수) 들판에서 동학농민군으로 봉기하였다. 이때 봉건적 지배세력에 의한 수탈과 억압에 반대하고 보국안민**을 궁극적 목표로 내세운 무장포고문(茂長布告文)을 발표했으며, 산발적으로 일어나던 농민항쟁을 조직적이고 전국적인 농민전쟁으로 발전시켰다.

전봉준은 일본군이 한양 궁궐을 침입하자 외세의 간섭에 반대하는 2차 봉기까지 주도하였다. 그러나 공주 우금치 전투에서 패배한 후, 서울로 압송되어 1895년 3월 30일(양력1895.4.24.)에 41세의 나이로 생을 마쳤다. 그는 작은 체구에도 당차고 다부진 모습 때문에 녹두장군이라고 불렸다.

  • 대접주 : 동학의 읍면단위 교단 조직인 접의 총괄책임자
  • 보국안민(輔國安民) : 나랏일을 돕고 백성을 편안하게 함.

영문

Birthplace of Jeon Bong-jun, Gochang

This is the birthplace of Jeon Bong-jun (1856-1895), a prominent religious figure and leader of the Donghak Peasant Revolution at the end of the Joseon dynasty (1392-1910). The house where Jeon was born was burnt down in 1894 by the royal army as retribution for participation in the revolution.

Jeon Bong-jun was born into a family of the Cheonju Jeon Clan, which had resided in Dangcheon Village, Jungnim-ri, since the early 19th century, His father Jeon Chang-hyeok (1827-?) was a teacher at the village study hall. Around the age of 13, his family moved to the Gobu area (today’s Gobu-myeon, Jeongeup) where he spent his youth. In 1890, Jeon joined the indigenous religious movement Donghak (“Eastern Learning”) and soon became a Donghak assembly leader in Gobu.

In 1894, in response to the exploitation of Gobu’s peasants by the local magistrate, an army of peasants led by Jeon Bong-jun started a rebellion. Escaping confrontation with the royal troops, they moved to the Mujang area (today’s Gochang) which had a strong movement presence. At this time, Jeon and other Donghak leaders proclaimed the Mujang Declaration (Mujang pogomun) which demanded putting an end to exploitation and oppression by the ruling class and aimed to change the state of affairs in the country to improve the people’s livelihood. In order to realise these goals, peasant uprisings that had sporadically occured throughout the country were united into a single nationwide movement, known as the Donghak Prasant Revolution.

Having captured the areas of Mujang and Gobu, the Donghak Peasant Army swept through the northern part of Jeolla-do Province and took Jeonjuseong Fortress. When Jeonjuseong Fortress fell, the royal court sent a request for reinforcements to Qing China hoping to suppress the rebellion. When China sent its troops, Japan, which was eager to expand its influence over Korea, also deployed its own troops on the peninsula. To prevent foreign intervention, the rebellion army agreed to a peace treaty with the royal court. When China suggested to Japan that they both withdraw their forces from Korea, Japan refused to do so and captured Gyeongbokgung Palace in Seoul, consequently sparking the First Sino-Japanese War (1894-1895).

As the war between China and Japan raged on, Jeon Bong-jun led the second Donghak Peasant Rebellion, this time against the Japanese troops, which had occupied Seoul and installed a pro-Japanese government. Eventually defeated in the Battle of Ugeumchi, Jeon was captured and sent to Seoul, where in April of 1895 he was executed.


  • "봉건적"이라는 표현은 맞는지... 한국은 본견주의 사회였다는 것에 대한 학술적 논쟁이 큰 걸로 알고 있어서 그 표현을 피하는 것이 좋을 것 같아요. 그래서 일단 생략했어요.
  • "이후 관군을 피해 동학세력이 크게 형성된 무장(지금의 고창)으로 옮겨왔으며 동학농민군으로 봉기하였다. "
    • 이 문장은 뒤에 있는 문장과 약간 반복적인 내용이 있어서 일부 내용 생략했어요.

영문 해설 내용

이곳은 조선 말 종교지도자이자 농민운동가인 전봉준(1856-1895)이 태어난 집이 있던 자리이다. 이곳 죽림리 당촌마을은 천안 전씨들이 19세기 초에 이주해와 살던 곳이다. 전봉준 생가는 동학농민혁명 기간에 관군이 동학 관련자들의 집을 불태우면서 터만 남았다.

전봉준은 당촌마을에서 서당 훈장을 하던 전창혁(1827-?)의 아들로 태어났다. 13세 무렵 고부(지금의 정읍시 고부면) 지역으로 이주하여 청장년기를 보냈다. 1890년 무렵 동학에 입교하였고 그 뒤 얼마 안 되어 고부 지역의 접주로 임명되었다.

고부 군수가 농민들을 과도하게 수탈하자, 1894년 전봉준은 농민군을 주도하여 봉기를 일으켰다. 이후 관군을 피해 동학세력이 크게 형성된 무장(지금의 고창)으로 옮겨왔으며 동학농민군으로 봉기하였다. 이때 전봉준을 비롯한 동학 지도부는 「무장포고문」을 발표하여, 봉건적 지배세력에 의한 수탈과 억압에 반대하고 나랏일을 돕고 백성을 편안하게 하는 것을 궁극적 목표로 내세웠다. 그리고 이를 통해 산발적으로 일어나던 농민항쟁을 조직적이고 전국적인 농민전쟁으로 발전시켰다. 동학농민군은 무장과 고부 등을 장악한 뒤 파죽지세로 진격하여 전주성까지 점령하였다.

전주성이 함락되자 조정에서는 청나라에 동학농민군을 진압할 군대를 지원해달라고 요청하였다. 청나라가 파병하자, 조선에 영향력을 뻗칠 기회를 노리던 일본도 조선에 군대를 주둔시켰고, 이에 동학 지도부는 조정에서 파견된 관리와 강화를 맺었다. 청나라가 일본에 군대를 함께 철수할 것을 제안했으나 일본은 이를 거부하였고, 조선의 정궁인 경복궁을 점령하며 청일전쟁이 발발하게 되었다.

전봉준은 일본 침략에 저항하여 2차 동학농민군 봉기를 주도하였다. 그러나 공주 우금치 전투에서 패배한 뒤 서울로 압송되었고 1895년 4월 교수형을 당하였다.

참고자료

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