Seasonal Terms[1]
Traditionally, the Chinese lunar calendar divides the year into 24 solar terms.
Grain in Ear
Basic Info |
• Hanja: 芒種 |
• Hangeul: 망종 |
• RR: Mangjong |
• MR: Mangjong |
• Pinyin: Mángzhòng |
Alternate English Terms |
• Bearded grain |
Definition
Mangjong (Kor. 망종, Chin. 芒種, lit. bearded grain) is the ninth of the twenty-four solar terms. Mangjong usually falls during the fifth month on the lunar calendar and happens around June sixth on the Gregorian calendar. The sun reaches the celestial longitude of 75 degrees on this day. As suggested by its name, Mangjong indicates the appropriate time to harvest the first crop and sow the second of bearded grains such as rice and barley[ST 1]
Summer Solstice
Basic Info |
• Hanja: 夏至 |
• Hangeul: 하지 |
• RR: Haji |
• MR: Haji |
• Pinyin: Xiàzhì |
Definition
Haji (Kor. 하지, Chin. 夏至, lit. summer reach) is the tenth of the twenty-four solar terms. It occurs some time in the fifth lunar month. On the Gregorian calendar, Haji falls around June twenty-second. The sun appears at its northernmost point (referred to as hajijeom (Kor. 하지점, Chin. 夏至點, summer solstice point)) on the ecliptic and its declination is greatest on this day.[ST 2]
Autumn Equinox
Basic Info |
• Hanja: 秋分 |
• Hangeul: 추분 |
• RR: Chubun |
• MR: Ch'ubun |
• Pinyin: Qiūfēn |
Definition
Chubun (Kor. 추분, Chin. 秋分, lit. Autumn Equinox) is one of the twenty-four solar terms, occurring between Baengno (Kor. 백로, Chin. 白露, lit. White Dew) and Hallo (Kor. 한로, Chin. 寒露, lit. Cold Dew). Falling approximately on September twenty-third on the Gregorian calendar, Chubun usually occurs sometime during the eighth lunar month. At the equinox, day and night are equal in length, and in astronomy, the autumn equinox refers to the day when the sun passes through the ecliptic at 180°.[ST 3]
White Dew
Basic Info |
• Hanja: 白露節 |
• Hangeul: 백로절 |
• RR: Baengnojeol |
• MR: Paengnojŏl |
• Pinyin: Báilù |
Definition
Baengno (Kor. 백로, Chin. 白露, lit. White Dew) is one of the twenty-four solar terms. It falls approximately on September ninth on the Gregorian calendar. In the lunar calendar, Baengno generally falls in the eighth month, when the Ecliptic rises to 165° over the horizon.[ST 4]
- ↑ Grain in Ear. Encyclopedia of Korean Folk Culture.
- ↑ Summer Solstice. Encyclopedia of Korean Folk Culture
- ↑ Autumn Equinox. Encyclopedia of Korean Folk Culture
- ↑ White Dew. Encyclopedia of Korean Folk Culture
Four seasons
Spring
Basic Info |
• Hanja: 春 |
• Hangeul: 봄 |
• RR: Bom |
• MR: Pom |
• Pinyin: Chūn |
Explanation
Spring lasts from late March to early May. Temperatures are mild and pleasant. It is the ideal season to witness cherry blossoms, forsythia, azaleas, magnolias and lilacs blooming during the peak season between March and May.[FS 1]
Summer
Basic Info |
• Hanja: 夏 |
• Hangeul: 여름 |
• RR: Yeoreum |
• MR: Yŏrŭm |
• Pinyin: Xià |
Autumn
Basic Info |
• Hanja: 秋 |
• Hangeul: 가을 |
• RR: Gaeul |
• MR: Kaŭl |
Winter
Basic Info |
• Hanja: 冬 |
• Hangeul: 겨울 |
• RR: Gyeoul |
• MR: Kyŏul |
• Pinyin: Dōng |
- ↑ Spring. Korea Tourism Organization
Other time-related terms
Autumn harvest
Basic Info |
• Hanja: 秋收 |
• Hangeul: 가을에 수확한정월 |
First lunar month
Basic Info |
• Hanja: 正月 |
• Hangeul: 정월 |
• RR: Jeongwol |
• MR: Chŏngwŏl |
• Pinyin: Zhēngyuè |
Following year
Basic Info |
• Hanja: 明年 |
• Hangeul: 이듬해 |
• RR: Ideumhae |
• MR: Idŭmhae |
• Pinyin: Míngnián |
Last month of the lunar year
Basic Info |
• Hanja: 臘月 |
• Hangeul: 섣달, 납월 |
• RR: Seotdal, Nabwol |
• MR: Sŏttal, Nabwŏl |
• Pinyin: Làyuè |
Middle of the month
Basic Info |
• Hanja: 望 |
• Hangeul: 보름 |
• RR: Boreum |
• MR: Porŭm |
• Pinyin: Wàng |
Alternate English Terms |
• 15th day of the lunar month, day of the full moon |
Winter months
Basic Info |
• Hanja: 冬月 |
• Hangeul: 한 겨울 동안 |
• Pinyin: Dōngyuè |
Alternate English Terms |
• eleventh lunar month |
First week
Basic Info |
• Hanja: 上旬 |
• Hangeul: 상순 |
• RR: Sangsun |
• MR: Sangsun |
• Pinyin: Shàngxún |
Second week
Basic Info |
• Hanja: 中旬 |
• Hangeul: 중순 |
• RR: Jungsun |
• MR: Chungsun |
• Pinyin: Zhōngxún |
Third week
Basic Info |
• Hanja: 下旬 |
• Hangeul: 하순 |
• RR: Hasun |
• MR: Hasun |
• Pinyin: Xiàxún |
Ten days after Autumn Equinox
Basic Info |
• Hanja: (秋分)後十日 |
• Hangeul: 추분 후 10일 |
Mangjong
Contributor: Kang Haewon
- English: Grain in Ear
- Chinese: 芒種
- Korean: 망종
Mangjong (Kor. 망종, Chin. 芒種, lit. bearded grain) is the ninth of the twenty-four solar terms. Occurring between Soman (Kor. 소만, Chin. 小滿, Beginning of Grain Ripening) and Haji (Kor. 하지, Chin. 夏至, Summer Solstice), Mangjong usually falls during the fifth month on the lunar calendar and happens around June sixth on the Gregorian calendar. The sun reaches the celestial longitude of 75 degrees on this day. As suggested by its name, Mangjong indicates the appropriate time to harvest the first crop and sow the second of bearded grains such as rice and barley.[3]
White Dew
- English: White Dew
- Chinese:白露
- Korean:백로
White Dewis one of the twenty-four solar terms. According to the Gregorian calendar, it falls around September 9th, and according to the lunar calendar, White Dew usually falls in the eighth month.[4]
Autumn Equinox
- English: Autumn Equinox
- Chinese:秋分
- Korean:추분
Autumn Equinox is one of the twenty-four solar terms. It occurs after White Dew 白露, and it falls, according to the Gregorian calendar, around September twenty-third, and according to the lunar calendar, it usually falls in the eight-month.
[5]
- ↑ [1]
- ↑ China Highlights. The 24 solar terms [2]
- ↑ "Bearded Grain", Encyclopedia of Korean Folk Culture, National Folk Museum of Korea.
- ↑ "White Dew", Encyclopedia of Korean Folk Culture, National Folk Museum of Korea.
- ↑ "Autumn Equinox", Encyclopedia of Korean Folk Culture, National Folk Museum of Korea.