NJ2018 Preface

Nongsa jikseol
Project Introduction Editor's Notes
Table of Contents
Preface Preparing the Seed Grain Plowing the Soil Cultivating Hemp Cultivating Rice Cultivating Proso and Foxtail Millet Cultivating Barnyard Grass Cultivating Soybeans, Red Beans, and Mung Beans Cultivating Barley and Wheat Cultivating Sesame Cultivating Buckwheat
Glossary Further Readings

Original Script

Text with Punctuation	Text Image
農者，天下國家之大本也。自古聖王莫不以是爲務焉。帝舜之命九官十二牧也，首曰：「食哉惟時。」誠以粢盛之奉，生養之資，捨是無以爲也 。 恭惟□太宗恭定大王嘗命儒臣, 掇取古農書, 切用之語，附註鄕言，刊板頒行，敎民力本。 及我主上殿下，繼明圖治，尤留意於民事。以五方風土不同，樹藝之法, 各有其宜，不可盡同古書，乃命諸道監司逮訪州縣老農，因地己試之驗具聞。 又命臣招就加詮次，臣與宗簿小尹臣卞孝文, 披閱參考，袪其重複，取其切要，撰成一編，目曰《農事直說》。農事之外，不雜他說，務爲簡直，使山野之民, 曉然易知。 旣進，下鑄字所，印若干本，將以頒諸中外，導民厚生，以至於家給人足也。 臣竊觀周詩，周家以農事爲國，歷八百餘年之久。今我□殿下惠養斯民，爲國長慮，豈不與后稷、成王同一規範乎? 是書雖小，其爲利益可勝言哉!	[[File:농사직설.png|thumbnail|농사직설(農事直說)]]

Korean Translation

늦벼[晩稻]를 수경(水耕)할 때는 정월에 얼음이 녹을 때 간다. 거름[糞]을 넣거나 흙을 넣는 것은 올벼 재배법과 동일하다. 올해 흙을 넣었다면 내년에는 거름을 넣거나 잡초를 넣는 방식으로 교대한다. 흙이 진흙투성이거나 푸석푸석하거나 찬물 기운[水冷]이 있다면 완전히 새 흙이나 사토(莎土)를 채워 넣는다. (토질이) 척박하다면 소똥, 말똥 및 가지에 달린 갈잎[杼葉] 향명(鄕名)으로는 가을초(加乙草)이다. 을 깔아주는데, 인분(人糞), 누에똥잠사(蠶沙)도 좋다. 다만 많이 구하는 것이 어렵다. 3월 상순에서 망종(芒種) 사이에 다시 간다. 대체로 망종보다 늦게 갈고 파종하면 (수확이) 부실하다. 종자 담그기, 파종하기, 종자 덮기, 물대기, 김매기 방법은 모두 올벼 재배법과 동일하다. 6월 보름 이전에 3번 김매는 것이 가장 좋다. 6월 이내에 3번 김매는 것이 그 다음이다. 여기에도 미치지 못하는 것은 가장 나쁘다.

English Translation

For wet farming of late-planting varieties, plow the fields when the [spring] thaw occurs in the first month. As for applying manure and bringing in new soil, follow the same method prescribed for the early-planting varieties. If new soil is brought in this year then apply manure or spread weeds the following year, and alternate them.If the soil is muddy or crumbly, or the subsoil water is cold, then bring in new soil or sod. If the soil is infertile and barren, then spread cattle and horse manure and stems with oak leaves (known as gaeulcho). Night soil and silkworm droppings are also good. But they are difficult to procure in large amounts.During the period between the first ten days of the third lunar month to Mangjong, plow the fields again [and sow the seeds]. In general, plowing and sowing after Mangjong brings poor harvest.Soaking seeds, sowing seeds, covering seeds, irrigating water, and weeding methods are all the same as in methods for early-planting varieties. Before the fifteenth day of the sixth lunar month, having weeded three times is the best. Weeding three times within the sixth lunar month is the second best. Not doing even this amount of weeding is the worst.

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Glossary

Mangjong

This part is from the Section "Mangjong" in the main glossary article.

Night soil

This part is from the Section "Night soil" in the main glossary article.

Further Reading

• "늦벼파종", 『한국세시풍속사전』, 국립민속박물관.
• "수경", 『조선왕조실록사전』, 한국학중앙연구원.
• Early‐Ripening Rice in Chinese History by Ping‐Ti Ho
• Technological Advances during the Song: Rice Cultivation