NJ2018 Glossary - Calendar Terms

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Evelyn (토론 | 기여) 사용자의 2018년 6월 10일 (일) 13:08 판 (→‎Seasonal Terms[http://folkency.nfm.go.kr/en/dic/2/topic/])

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Nongsa jikseol
Table of Contents
  1. Preface
  2. Preparing the Seed Grain
  3. Plowing the Soil
  4. Cultivating Hemp
  5. Cultivating Rice
  6. Cultivating Proso and Foxtail Millet
  7. Cultivating Barnyard Grass
  8. Cultivating Soybeans, Red Beans, and Mung Beans
  9. Cultivating Barley and Wheat
  10. Cultivating Sesame
  11. Cultivating Buckwheat


Seasonal Terms[1]

Traditionally, the Chinese lunar calendar divides the year into 24 solar terms.

24 Solar Terms [2]

Grain in Ear

Basic Info
• Hanja: 芒種 • Hangeul: 망종 • RR: Mangjong • MR: Mangjong • Pinyin: Mángzhòng
Alternate English Terms
• Bearded grain

Definition

Mangjong (Kor. 망종, Chin. 芒種, lit. bearded grain) is the ninth of the twenty-four solar terms. Mangjong usually falls during the fifth month on the lunar calendar and happens around June sixth on the Gregorian calendar. The sun reaches the celestial longitude of 75 degrees on this day. As suggested by its name, Mangjong indicates the appropriate time to harvest the first crop and sow the second of bearded grains such as rice and barley[ST 1]

Summer Solstice

Basic Info
• Hanja: 夏至 • Hangeul: 하지 • RR: Haji • MR: Haji • Pinyin: Xiàzhì

Definition Haji (Kor. 하지, Chin. 夏至, lit. summer reach) is the tenth of the twenty-four solar terms. It occurs some time in the fifth lunar month. On the Gregorian calendar, Haji falls around June twenty-second. The sun appears at its northernmost point (referred to as hajijeom (Kor. 하지점, Chin. 夏至點, summer solstice point)) on the ecliptic and its declination is greatest on this day.[ST 2]

Autumn Equinox

Basic Info
• Hanja: 秋分 • Hangeul: 추분 • RR: Chubun • MR: Ch'ubun • Pinyin: Qiūfēn

Definition Chubun (Kor. 추분, Chin. 秋分, lit. Autumn Equinox) is one of the twenty-four solar terms, occurring between Baengno (Kor. 백로, Chin. 白露, lit. White Dew) and Hallo (Kor. 한로, Chin. 寒露, lit. Cold Dew). Falling approximately on September twenty-third on the Gregorian calendar, Chubun usually occurs sometime during the eighth lunar month. At the equinox, day and night are equal in length, and in astronomy, the autumn equinox refers to the day when the sun passes through the ecliptic at 180°.[ST 3]

White Dew

Basic Info
• Hanja: 白露節 • Hangeul: 백로절 • RR: Baengnojeol • MR: Paengnojŏl • Pinyin: Báilù

Definition Baengno (Kor. 백로, Chin. 白露, lit. White Dew) is one of the twenty-four solar terms. It falls approximately on September ninth on the Gregorian calendar. In the lunar calendar, Baengno generally falls in the eighth month, when the Ecliptic rises to 165° over the horizon.[ST 4]

  1. ↑ Grain in Ear. Encyclopedia of Korean Folk Culture.
  2. ↑ Summer Solstice. Encyclopedia of Korean Folk Culture
  3. ↑ Autumn Equinox. Encyclopedia of Korean Folk Culture
  4. ↑ White Dew. Encyclopedia of Korean Folk Culture

Four seasons

Spring

Basic Info
• Hanja: 春 • Hangeul: 봄 • RR: Bom • MR: Pom • Pinyin: Chūn

Summer

Basic Info
• Hanja: 夏 • Hangeul: 여름 • RR: Yeoreum • MR: Yŏrŭm • Pinyin: Xià

Autumn

Basic Info
• Hanja: 秋 • Hangeul: 가을 • RR: Gaeul • MR: Kaŭl

Winter

Basic Info
• Hanja: 冬 • Hangeul: 겨울 • RR: Gyeoul • MR: Kyŏul • Pinyin: Dōng


Other time-related terms

Autumn harvest


Basic Info
• Hanja: 秋收 • Hangeul: 가을에 수확한정월

First lunar month

Basic Info
• Hanja: 正月 • Hangeul: 정월 • RR: Jeongwol • MR: Chŏngwŏl • Pinyin: Zhēngyuè

Following year

Basic Info
• Hanja: 明年 • Hangeul: 이듬해 • RR: Ideumhae • MR: Idŭmhae • Pinyin: Míngnián

Last month of the lunar year

Basic Info
• Hanja: 臘月 • Hangeul: 섣달, 납월 • RR: Seotdal, Nabwol • MR: Sŏttal, Nabwŏl • Pinyin: Làyuè


Middle of the month

Basic Info
• Hanja: 望 • Hangeul: 보름 • RR: Boreum • MR: Porŭm • Pinyin: Wàng
Alternate English Terms
• 15th day of the lunar month, day of the full moon

Winter months


Basic Info
• Hanja: 冬月 • Hangeul: 한 겨울 동안 • Pinyin: Dōngyuè
Alternate English Terms
• eleventh lunar month


First week

Basic Info
• Hanja: 上旬 • Hangeul: 상순 • RR: Sangsun • MR: Sangsun • Pinyin: Shàngxún

Second week

Basic Info
• Hanja: 中旬 • Hangeul: 중순 • RR: Jungsun • MR: Chungsun • Pinyin: Zhōngxún

Third week

Basic Info
• Hanja: 下旬 • Hangeul: 하순 • RR: Hasun • MR: Hasun • Pinyin: Xiàxún

Ten days after Autumn Equinox


Basic Info
• Hanja: (秋分)後十日 • Hangeul: 추분 후 10일


Mangjong

Edit.png Contributor: Kang Haewon

  • English: Grain in Ear
  • Chinese: 芒種
  • Korean: 망종

Mangjong (Kor. 망종, Chin. 芒種, lit. bearded grain) is the ninth of the twenty-four solar terms. Occurring between Soman (Kor. 소만, Chin. 小滿, Beginning of Grain Ripening) and Haji (Kor. 하지, Chin. 夏至, Summer Solstice), Mangjong usually falls during the fifth month on the lunar calendar and happens around June sixth on the Gregorian calendar. The sun reaches the celestial longitude of 75 degrees on this day. As suggested by its name, Mangjong indicates the appropriate time to harvest the first crop and sow the second of bearded grains such as rice and barley.[3]

White Dew

  • English: White Dew
  • Chinese:白露
  • Korean:백로

White Dewis one of the twenty-four solar terms. According to the Gregorian calendar, it falls around September 9th, and according to the lunar calendar, White Dew usually falls in the eighth month.[4]

Autumn Equinox

  • English: Autumn Equinox
  • Chinese:秋分
  • Korean:추분
Autumn Equinox is one of the twenty-four solar terms. It occurs after White Dew 白露, and it falls, according to the Gregorian calendar, around September twenty-third, and according to the lunar calendar, it usually falls in the eight-month.[5]
  1. ↑ [1]
  2. ↑ China Highlights. The 24 solar terms [2]
  3. ↑ "Bearded Grain", Encyclopedia of Korean Folk Culture, National Folk Museum of Korea.
  4. ↑ "White Dew", Encyclopedia of Korean Folk Culture, National Folk Museum of Korea.
  5. ↑ "Autumn Equinox", Encyclopedia of Korean Folk Culture, National Folk Museum of Korea.
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