NJ2018 Glossary - Farming Tools

Nongsa jikseol
Project Introduction Editor's Notes
Table of Contents
Preface Preparing the Seed Grain Plowing the Soil Cultivating Hemp Cultivating Rice Cultivating Proso and Foxtail Millet Cultivating Barnyard Grass Cultivating Soybeans, Red Beans, and Mung Beans Cultivating Barley and Wheat Cultivating Sesame Cultivating Buckwheat
Glossary Further Readings

Aged manure

Basic Info

Bunhoe

Basic Info

Explanation

Chapter 7.

Cheolchipa

Basic Info
• Hanja: 鐵齒擺	• Hangeul: 철치파	• RR: cheolchipa	• MR: ?
Common Name
• Hanja: 手愁音	• Hangeul: 수수음	• RR: susueum	• MR: ?
Alternate English Terms
• iron-toothed spreader/hoe

Explanation

Korean(modern): 쇠스랑
A leveling tool.

Earthenware jar

Basic Info
• Hanja: 瓮	• Hangeul: 옹	• RR: wong?	• MR: ong

Definition

한국에서는 대부분 저장 용기로 쓰인 기구이다. 일반 저장 용기와는 다르게 배가 불뚝 튀어나와 있으며 주로 곡물 간장이나 된장을 비롯한 조미료, 술 따위를 저장하는 용도이다. 곡물이 담긴 독은 헛간이나 곳간에 두고 조미료가 담긴 독은 집안에서도 햇볕이 잘 쪼이는 양지바른 곳에 돌로 낮은 단을 쌓아 장독대를 만들어 그곳에 모아둔다. (by Changseop chapter 2)

Grass/Straw?

Basic Info
• Hanja: 草	• Hangeul: 초	• RR: cho	• MR: ch'o

Explanation

Method for preparing the soil, chapter 3:
'For dry fields, straw should be spread and burned after the first plowing.'
'For uncultivated land, plow between seventh and eighth (lunar) months and cover the land with grass.'

Hemp sacks

Basic Info
• Hanja: 布 (?)	• Hangeul: 포	• RR: po	• MR: p'o

Definition

베 주머니 (as translated in Korean, chapter 2)

Explanation

<以九穀種各一升各盛布襄, 埋於土宇中。> (chapter 2)

Hocheon

Basic Info
• Hanja: 蒿篅	• Hangeul: 호천	• RR: Hocheon	• MR: ?
Common Name
• Hanja: 空石	• Hangeul: 빈섬/공섬	• RR: Binseom/Gongseom	• MR: ?
Alternate English Terms
• Bowl made by Straw (look for correct term in English)

Definition

이 글에서는 볏짚으로 만든 그릇을 지칭한다. 즉 위 문장에서 견실한 종자를 걸러낸 다음 저장 할 떄 여기에 보관 하는 것이다. (this was written by Changseop when he worked on Chapter 2 preparing the seed grain)

Explanation

In chapter 5, English, translated also as 'gongseom'.

Homi

Basic Info

Explanation

See chapter 5.

Jeomcheon

Basic Info
• Hanja: 苫薦	• Hangeul: 점천	• RR: jeomcheon	• MR: ?
Common Name
• Hanja: 飛介	• Hangeul: 비개	• RR: bigae	• MR: ?

Definition

이 단어는 이엉을 말한다. 이엉은 짚·풀잎·새 등으로 엮어 만든 지붕재료 또는 그 지붕을 지칭하기도 한다. 여기서는 동일한 재료로 씨앗이 겨울에 얼지 않도록 덮는 용도로 쓰였다. (added by Changseop chapter 2)

Large scythe with a long handle

Basic Info

Explanation

Chapter 9

Manure (cow and horse manure)

Basic Info
• Hanja: 糞 (牛馬糞)	• Hangeul: 분 (우마분)	• RR: Bun (Umabun)	• MR: ?
Alternate English Terms
• cattle and horse manure

Definition

소나 말의 똥-from the Korean translation

Mixture of urine and ash (Urine and ash fertilizer/Urinated ash)

Basic Info

Explanation

Chapter 5.2 and 5.4 and 6

Mokjak

Basic Info
• Hanja: 木斫	• Hangeul: 목작	• RR: mokjak	• MR: mokchak
Common Name
• Hanja: 所訖羅	• Hangeul: 소흘라	• RR: soheulla	• MR: sohŭlla
Alternate English Terms
• wooden harrow

Explanation

Korean(modern): 써래 A farming tool used even out the fields.

Related Article

• Cultivating Barnyard Grass

Mokjakpae

Basic Info

Explanation

Chapter 9

Mussle

Chapter 6

Night soil

Basic Info
• Hanja: 人糞	• Hangeul: 인분	• RR: inbun	• MR: inbun

Explanation

Chapter 5.1

Noemok

Basic Info
• Hanja: 檑木	• Hangeul: 뇌목	• RR: noemok	• MR: noemok
Common Name
• Hanja: 古音波	• Hangeul: 고음파	• RR: goeumpa	• MR: ?
Alternate English Terms
• (check)

Explanation

Chapter 5.2

Oak stems with leaves

Basic Info
• Hanja: 連枝杼葉	• Hangeul: 련지저엽	• RR: ?	• MR: ?
Common Name
• Hanja: 加乙草	• Hangeul: 가을초	• RR: ?	• MR: ?

Explanation

Chapter 5.1 and 5.3
가지에 달린 갈잎

Ox

Chapter 6

Pallo

Basic Info
• Hanja: 板撈	• Hangeul: 판로	• RR: pallo	• MR: ?
Common Name
• Hanja: 翻地	• Hangeul: 번지	• RR: beonji	• MR: ?
Alternate English Terms
• (check)

Explanation

Chapter 5
<以板撈【鄕名: 翻地】或把撈【鄕名: 推介】覆種。>

Paro

Basic Info
• Hanja: 把撈	• Hangeul: 파로	• RR: paro	• MR: p'aro
Common Name
• Hanja: 推介	• Hangeul: 밀개/추개	• RR: milgae/chugae	• MR: ?
Alternate English Terms
• (check)

Explanation

Chapter 5
<以板撈【鄕名: 翻地】或把撈【鄕名: 推介】覆種。>

Pool

Chapter 5.2 - to store urine outside the cow stable.

Ro

Basic Info
• Hanja: 撈	• Hangeul: 로	• RR: ro	• MR: ?
Common Name
• Hanja: 曳介	• Hangeul: 끌개	• RR: kkeulgae	• MR: ?
Alternate English Terms
• harrow rake

Definition

A type of rake that was widely used by farmers. Long pine branches would be tied together at one end and loaded with a rock. This would then be dragged over sown fields to cover up the seeds with dirt.

Explanation

Korean(modern): 끌개/끙게

Silkworm droppings

Basic Info

Explanation

누에똥잠사 (Chapter 5.1)

Stable (cow and horse stable)

Basic Info
• Hanja: 牛馬廐	• Hangeul: 우마구 (?)	• RR: Umagu	• MR: ?

Explanation

<或用木槽, 盛牛馬廐池尿, 漬種其中, 漉出曬乾, 亦須三度。> (chapter 2)

Stalks

Chapter 5.2 (Here check characters for bran and chaff)

Storage pit

Basic Info
• Hanja: 土宇 (?)	• Hangeul: 토우 (?)	• RR: to-u	• MR: t'o-u

Definition

움집 (as translated in Korean)

Explanation

<欲知來歲所宜, 以九穀種各一升各盛布襄, 埋於土宇中> (chapter 2)

Straw mat

Chapter 9.

Sump

Basic Info
• Hanja: 池	• Hangeul: 지	• RR: ji	• MR: chi

Explanation

<或用木槽, 盛牛馬廐池尿, 漬種其中, 漉出曬乾, 亦須三度。> (chapter 2)

Trough

Chapter 11.

Urine

Basic Info
• Hanja: 尿	• Hangeul: 뇨/요	• RR: nyo/yo (?)	• MR: ?

Explanation

<或用木槽, 盛牛馬廐池尿, 漬種其中, 漉出曬乾, 亦須三度。> (chapter 2)

Willow branches

Chapter 5.3

Wooden tub

Basic Info
• Hanja: 槽	• Hangeul: 조	• RR: jo	• MR: cho

Definition

나무의 재질로 만든 구유/나무구유(as translated in Korean)

Explanation

<冬月, 以瓮或槽埋地中, 要令不凍。>
For this term translation has to be checked again.
What Changseop added: 槽 조 manger
이 글에서는 가축에게 먹이를 주는 그릇을 지칭한다. 특히 소나 말에게 먹이를 주는 그릇이다.

Night soil

Contributor: Ciceo Anca Valentina

• Chinese: 人糞
• Korean: 인분

Night soil is a euphemism for human feces collected from cesspools, privies, pail closets, pit latrines, privy middens, septic tanks, etc. Human excreta may be attractive as fertilizer because of the high demand for fertilizer and the relative availability of the material to create night soil. In areas where native soil is of poor quality, the local population may weigh the risk of using night soil.

Some people refer to human excreta as human manure, and the word "humanure" has also been used. Just like animal manure, it can be applied as a soil conditioner (reuse of excreta in agriculture). Sewage sludge is a material that contains human excreta, as it is generated after mixing excreta with water and treatment of the wastewater in a sewage treatment plant.

Since ancient times, the people of East Asia have traditionally supported a large population by utilizing this natural means of fertilization.

• Additional readings:
  
  • Human faeces as a resource in agriculture
    
  • Human waste use in agriculture and aquaculture
    
  • Chinese tradition of utilizing human excreta

한국민족문화대백과사전:독

한국민족문화대백과사전:이엉

네이버 한자사전:槽

"Manure", Wikipedia.

The Changing History of East Asian Human Manure Fertilization, Sustainability & Environmental Justice.