NJ2018 Glossary - Farming Tools

Nongsa jikseol
Project Introduction Editor's Notes
Table of Contents
Preface Preparing the Seed Grain Plowing the Soil Cultivating Hemp Cultivating Rice Cultivating Proso and Foxtail Millet Cultivating Barnyard Grass Cultivating Soybeans, Red Beans, and Mung Beans Cultivating Barley and Wheat Cultivating Sesame Cultivating Buckwheat
Glossary Further Readings

Farming tools

농사직설에 나타난 농기구는 모두 10종으로, 이에는 따비·쟁기·쇠스랑·써레·끌개［撈］·번지·고무래·곰방메·끌개［縳柴木兩參個］·끌개［木斫背］·끌개［輪木］·오줌구유·호미·낫·도리깨·키·날개·거적·섬·되·말·석·부리망 등 23가지가 포함된다. 이 가운데 땅을 삶는 연장의 종류와 수량은 압도적으로 많아서 39％에 이른다. 더구나 쇠스랑과 써레가 네 번, 번지와 곰방메가 두 번씩 등장하고 끌개도 4종이나 쓰여진 것으로 미루어, 당시에는 흙덩이를 고루 부수는 일에 큰 관심을 기울였음을 알 수 있다. 이러한 사정은 당시의 농업기술과 관련이 깊은 것이다.

Cheolchipa

Basic Info
• Hanja: 鐵齒擺	• Hangeul: 철치파	• RR: Cheolchipa	• MR: ?
Common Name
• Hanja: 手愁音	• Hangeul: 수수음	• RR: susueum	• MR: ?
Alternate English Terms
• iron-toothed spreader/hoe

Definition
Explanation
Korean(modern): 쇠스랑
A leveling tool. Multimedia
Further Reading
Related Article

Earthenware jar

Basic Info
• Hanja: 瓮	• Hangeul: 옹	• RR: Wong?	• MR: Ong

Definition
한국에서는 대부분 저장 용기로 쓰인 기구이다. 일반 저장 용기와는 다르게 배가 불뚝 튀어나와 있으며 주로 곡물 간장이나 된장을 비롯한 조미료, 술 따위를 저장하는 용도이다. 곡물이 담긴 독은 헛간이나 곳간에 두고 조미료가 담긴 독은 집안에서도 햇볕이 잘 쪼이는 양지바른 곳에 돌로 낮은 단을 쌓아 장독대를 만들어 그곳에 모아둔다. (by Changseop chapter 2) Explanation
Multimedia
Further Reading
Related Article

Hocheon

Basic Info
• Hanja: 蒿篅	• Hangeul: 호천	• RR: Hocheon	• MR: ?
Common Name
• Hanja: 空石	• Hangeul: 빈섬/공섬	• RR: Binseom/Gongseom	• MR: ?
Alternate English Terms
• Bowl made by Straw (look for correct term in English)

Definition
Explanation
Multimedia
Further Reading
Related Article

이 글에서는 볏짚으로 만든 그릇을 지칭한다. 즉 위 문장에서 견실한 종자를 걸러낸 다음 저장 할 떄 여기에 보관 하는 것이다. (this was written by Changseop when he worked on Chapter 2 preparing the seed grain) In chapter 5, English, translated also as 'gongseom'.

Large scythe with a long handle

Basic Info

Definition
Explanation
Multimedia
Further Reading
Related Article

Chapter 9

Mokjak

Basic Info
• Hanja: 木斫	• Hangeul: 목작	• RR: mokjak	• MR: mokchak
Common Name
• Hanja: 所訖羅	• Hangeul: 소흘라	• RR: soheulla	• MR: sohŭlla
Alternate English Terms
• wooden harrow

Definition
Korean(modern): 써래
A farming tool used even out the fields. Explanation
Multimedia
Further Reading
Related Article

• Cultivating Barnyard Grass

Mokjakpae

Basic Info

Definition
Explanation
Multimedia
Further Reading
Related Article

Chapter 9

Noemok

Basic Info
• Hanja: 檑木	• Hangeul: 뇌목	• RR: Noemok	• MR: Noemok
Common Name
• Hanja: 古音波	• Hangeul: 고음파	• RR: goeumpa	• MR: ?
Alternate English Terms
• (check)

Definition
Explanation
Multimedia
Further Reading
Related Article

Chapter 5.2

Pallo

Basic Info
• Hanja: 板撈	• Hangeul: 판로	• RR: pallo	• MR: ?
Common Name
• Hanja: 翻地	• Hangeul: 번지	• RR: beonji	• MR: ?
Alternate English Terms
• (check)

Definition
Explanation
Multimedia
Further Reading
Related Article

Chapter 5
<以板撈【鄕名: 翻地】或把撈【鄕名: 推介】覆種。>

Paro

Basic Info
• Hanja: 把撈	• Hangeul: 파로	• RR: paro	• MR: p'aro
Common Name
• Hanja: 推介	• Hangeul: 밀개/추개	• RR: milgae/chugae	• MR: ?
Alternate English Terms
• (check)

Definition
Explanation
Multimedia
Further Reading
Related Article

Chapter 5
<以板撈【鄕名: 翻地】或把撈【鄕名: 推介】覆種。>

Ro

Basic Info
• Hanja: 撈	• Hangeul: 로	• RR: ro	• MR: ?
Common Name
• Hanja: 曳介	• Hangeul: 끌개	• RR: kkeulgae	• MR: ?
Alternate English Terms
• harrow rake

Definition
A type of rake that was widely used by farmers. Long pine branches would be tied together at one end and loaded with a rock. This would then be dragged over sown fields to cover up the seeds with dirt. Explanation
Korean(modern): 끌개/끙게 Multimedia
Further Reading
Related Article

Straw mat

Basic Info

Definition
Explanation
Multimedia
Further Reading
Related Article

Chapter 9.

Wooden tub

Basic Info
• Hanja: 槽	• Hangeul: 조	• RR: jo	• MR: cho

Definition
Explanation
Multimedia
Further Reading
Related Article

Definition:나무의 재질로 만든 구유/나무구유(as translated in Korean)
Expl:
<冬月, 以瓮或槽埋地中, 要令不凍。>
For this term translation has to be checked again.
What Changseop added: 槽 조 manger
이 글에서는 가축에게 먹이를 주는 그릇을 지칭한다. 특히 소나 말에게 먹이를 주는 그릇이다.

Other tools and related terms

Aged manure

Basic Info

Definition
Explanation
Multimedia
Further Reading
Related Article

Bunhoe

Basic Info

Definition
Explanation
Multimedia
Further Reading
Related Article
Chapter 7.

Chopped Weeds

Definition
Explanation
Multimedia
Further Reading
Related Article
Korean(modern): 쇠스랑
A leveling tool. Chapter 7.

Grass/Straw?

Basic Info
• Hanja: 草	• Hangeul: 초	• RR: Cho	• MR: Ch'o

Definition
Explanation
Multimedia
Further Reading
Related Article
Method for preparing the soil, chapter 3:
'For dry fields, straw should be spread and burned after the first plowing.'
'For uncultivated land, plow between seventh and eighth (lunar) months and cover the land with grass.'

Hemp sacks

Basic Info
• Hanja: 布 (?)	• Hangeul: 포	• RR: Po	• MR: P'o

Definition
Explanation
Multimedia
Further Reading
Related Article

베 주머니 (as translated in Korean, chapter 2) <以九穀種各一升各盛布襄, 埋於土宇中。> (chapter 2)

Homi

Basic Info

Definition
Explanation
Multimedia
Further Reading
Related Article

See chapter 5.

Jeomcheon

Basic Info
• Hanja: 苫薦	• Hangeul: 점천	• RR: Jeomcheon	• MR: ?
Common Name
• Hanja: 飛介	• Hangeul: 비개	• RR: Bigae	• MR: ?

Definition
Explanation
Multimedia
Further Reading
Related Article

이 단어는 이엉을 말한다. 이엉은 짚·풀잎·새 등으로 엮어 만든 지붕재료 또는 그 지붕을 지칭하기도 한다. 여기서는 동일한 재료로 씨앗이 겨울에 얼지 않도록 덮는 용도로 쓰였다. (added by Changseop chapter 2)

Manure (cow and horse manure)

Basic Info
• Hanja: 糞 (牛馬糞)	• Hangeul: 분 (우마분)	• RR: Bun (Umabun)	• MR: ?
Alternate English Terms
• cattle and horse manure

Definition
Explanation
Multimedia
Further Reading
Related Article

소나 말의 똥-from the Korean translation

Mixture of urine and ash (urine and ash fertilizer/urinated ash)

Basic Info

Definition
Explanation
Multimedia
Further Reading
Related Article

Chapter 5.2 and 5.4 and 6

Mussle

Basic Info

Definition
Explanation
Multimedia
Further Reading
Related Article

Chapter 6

Night soil

Basic Info
• Hanja: 人糞	• Hangeul: 인분	• RR: inbun	• MR: inbun

Definition
Explanation
Multimedia
Further Reading
Related Article

Chapter 5.1

Oak stems with leaves

Basic Info
• Hanja: 連枝杼葉	• Hangeul: 련지저엽	• RR: ?	• MR: ?
Common Name
• Hanja: 加乙草	• Hangeul: 가을초	• RR: ?	• MR: ?

Definition
Explanation
Multimedia
Further Reading
Related Article

Chapter 5.1 and 5.3
가지에 달린 갈잎

Ox

Basic Info

Definition
Explanation
Multimedia
Further Reading
Related Article

Chapter 6

Pool

Basic Info

Definition
Explanation
Multimedia
Further Reading
Related Article

Chapter 5.2 - to store urine outside the cow stable.

Silkworm droppings

Basic Info

Definition
Explanation
Multimedia
Further Reading
Related Article

누에똥잠사 (Chapter 5.1)

Stable (cow and horse stable)

Basic Info
• Hanja: 牛馬廐	• Hangeul: 우마구 (?)	• RR: Umagu	• MR: ?

Definition
Explanation
Multimedia
Further Reading
Related Article

<或用木槽, 盛牛馬廐池尿, 漬種其中, 漉出曬乾, 亦須三度。> (chapter 2)

Stalks

Basic Info

Definition
Explanation
Multimedia
Further Reading
Related Article

Chapter 5.2 (Here check characters for bran and chaff)

Storage pit

Basic Info
• Hanja: 土宇 (?)	• Hangeul: 토우 (?)	• RR: to-u	• MR: t'o-u

Definition
Explanation
Multimedia
Further Reading
Related Article

움집 (as translated in Korean)
<欲知來歲所宜, 以九穀種各一升各盛布襄, 埋於土宇中> (chapter 2)

Sump

Basic Info
• Hanja: 池	• Hangeul: 지	• RR: ji	• MR: chi

Definition
Explanation
Multimedia
Further Reading
Related Article

<或用木槽, 盛牛馬廐池尿, 漬種其中, 漉出曬乾, 亦須三度。> (chapter 2)

Trough

Basic Info

Definition
Explanation
Multimedia
Further Reading
Related Article

Chapter 11.

Urine

Basic Info
• Hanja: 尿	• Hangeul: 뇨/요	• RR: nyo/yo (?)	• MR: ?

Definition
Explanation
Multimedia
Further Reading
Related Article

<或用木槽, 盛牛馬廐池尿, 漬種其中, 漉出曬乾, 亦須三度。> (chapter 2)

Wooden tub

Basic Info
• Hanja: 槽	• Hangeul: 조	• RR: jo	• MR: cho

Definition
Explanation
Multimedia
Further Reading
Related Article

Definition:나무의 재질로 만든 구유/나무구유(as translated in Korean)
Expl:
<冬月, 以瓮或槽埋地中, 要令不凍。>
For this term translation has to be checked again.
What Changseop added: 槽 조 manger
이 글에서는 가축에게 먹이를 주는 그릇을 지칭한다. 특히 소나 말에게 먹이를 주는 그릇이다.

Night soil

Contributor: Ciceo Anca Valentina

• Chinese: 人糞
• Korean: 인분

Night soil is a euphemism for human feces collected from cesspools, privies, pail closets, pit latrines, privy middens, septic tanks, etc. Human excreta may be attractive as fertilizer because of the high demand for fertilizer and the relative availability of the material to create night soil. In areas where native soil is of poor quality, the local population may weigh the risk of using night soil.

Some people refer to human excreta as human manure, and the word "humanure" has also been used. Just like animal manure, it can be applied as a soil conditioner (reuse of excreta in agriculture). Sewage sludge is a material that contains human excreta, as it is generated after mixing excreta with water and treatment of the wastewater in a sewage treatment plant.

Since ancient times, the people of East Asia have traditionally supported a large population by utilizing this natural means of fertilization.

• Additional readings:
  
  • Human faeces as a resource in agriculture
    
  • Human waste use in agriculture and aquaculture
    
  • Chinese tradition of utilizing human excreta