농사직설 Glossary

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Evelyn (토론 | 기여) 사용자의 2018년 6월 5일 (화) 20:54 판 (→‎Types of Land and related terms)

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Nongsa jikseol
Table of Contents
  1. Preface
  2. Preparing the Seed Grain
  3. Plowing the Soil
  4. Cultivating Hemp
  5. Cultivating Rice
  6. Cultivating Proso and Foxtail Millet
  7. Cultivating Barnyard Grass
  8. Cultivating Soybeans, Red Beans, and Mung Beans
  9. Cultivating Barley and Wheat
  10. Cultivating Sesame
  11. Cultivating Buckwheat

Grains

Hangeul Hanja English Article
마 麻 hemp
쌀 米 rice
조 粟 foxtail millet
기장 黍 proso millet
수수 薥黍 sorghum
피 稷 barnyard grass
보리 大麥 barley
밀 小麥 wheat
메밀 木麥 buckwheat
콩 大豆 soybean
팥 小豆 red bean
녹두 菉豆 mungbean
참깨 眞荏子 sesame
들깨 水荏子 perilla

Night soil

Edit.png Contributor: Ciceo Anca Valentina

  • Chinese: 人糞
  • Korean: 인분

Night soil is a euphemism for human feces collected from cesspools, privies, pail closets, pit latrines, privy middens, septic tanks, etc. Human excreta may be attractive as fertilizer because of the high demand for fertilizer and the relative availability of the material to create night soil. In areas where native soil is of poor quality, the local population may weigh the risk of using night soil.

Some people refer to human excreta as human manure, and the word "humanure" has also been used. Just like animal manure, it can be applied as a soil conditioner (reuse of excreta in agriculture). Sewage sludge is a material that contains human excreta, as it is generated after mixing excreta with water and treatment of the wastewater in a sewage treatment plant.[1]

Since ancient times, the people of East Asia have traditionally supported a large population by utilizing this natural means of fertilization.[2]

Types of Land and related terms

(soil) Too soft


Basic Info
• Hanja: 過熟 • Hangeul: 지나치게 <땅을> 부드럽게 해서

(spring) Thaw

Basic Info
• Hanja: 寒氣, 氷解 • Hangeul: 토양의 찬 기운(한기), 얼음이 녹자마자 • RR: Hangi • MR: Han'gi • Pinyin: hánqì

(the soil becomes) Infertile


Basic Info
• Hanja: 無澤 • Hangeul: <땅이> 윤택해지지 않는다

Acceptable fields


Basic Info
• Hanja: 中田 • Hangeul: 중간 정도의 밭

Barren fields

Basic Info
• Hanja: 薄田 • Hangeul: 척박한 밭, 박전 • RR: Bakjeon • MR: Pakchŏn • Pinyin: Bótián

Dirt clods

Basic Info
• Hanja: 塊 • Hangeul: 흙덩이 • RR: Heukdeongi • MR: Hŭktŏngi • Pinyin: Kuài
Alternate English Terms
• clods of soil

Dry fields

Basic Info
• Hanja: 旱田 • Hangeul: 한전 • RR: Hanjeon • MR: Hanjŏn • Pinyin: Bótián

Fertile fields

Basic Info
• Hanja: 美田, 熟田 • Hangeul: 좋은 밭 • RR: Joeun Bat • MR: Choŭn Pat

Field Banks

Basic Info
• Hanja: 畔, 田畔 • Hangeul: 밭두둑 • RR: Batduduk • MR: Pattuduk • Pinyin: Pàn

Fields mixed with half fine sand and half black dirt


Basic Info
• Hanja: 細沙黑土相半者 • Hangeul: 고운 모래와 검은 흙이 절반씩 섞인 곳

Fields where barley had been grown

Basic Info
• Hanja: 麥根田 • Hangeul: 맥근 • RR: Maekgeun • MR: Maekkŭn
Alternate English Terms
• fields where barley has been grown (and the roots remain) 

Good field

Basic Info
• Hanja: 良田 • Hangeul: 좋은 밭 • RR: Yangjeon • MR: Yangjŏn • Pinyin: Liángtián

High and dry (areas)

Basic Info
• Hanja: 高燥 • Hangeul: 고지대에 건조한 곳, 고조 • RR: Gojo • MR: Kojo

High ground

Basic Info
• Hanja: 高處 • Hangeul: 높은 곳의 논, 고처 • RR: Gocheo • MR: Koch'ŏ • Pinyin: Gāochù

Highlands

Basic Info
• Hanja: 高地 • Hangeul: 높은 지대의 토지, 고지 • RR: Goji • MR: Koji • Pinyin: Gāodì
Alternate English Terms
• upland

If the fields are abundant


Basic Info
• Hanja: 田多 • Hangeul: 밭이 많이 확보되면

If the fields are abundant


Basic Info
• Hanja: 田多 • Hangeul: 밭이 많이 확보되면

If the soil is barren


Basic Info
• Hanja: 地若瘠薄 • Hangeul: 메마른 땅이면

If the soil is muddy or crumbly


Basic Info
• Hanja: 地或泥濘或虛浮 • Hangeul: 흙이 진흙투성이거나 푸석푸석하거나


Seasonal Terms[3]

Traditionally, the Chinese lunar calendar divides the year into 24 solar terms.

24 Solar Terms [4]

Summer Solstice

Basic Info
• Hanja: 夏至 • Hangeul: 하지 • RR: Haji • MR: Haji • Pinyin: Xiàzhì

Autumn Equinox

Basic Info
• Hanja: 秋分 • Hangeul: 추분 • RR: Chubun • MR: Ch'ubun • Pinyin: Qiūfēn

Mangjong

Basic Info
• Hanja: 芒種 • Hangeul: 망종 • RR: Mangjong • MR: Mangjong • Pinyin: Mángzhòng
Alternate English Terms
• Grain in Beard

White Dew

Basic Info
• Hanja: 白露節 • Hangeul: 백로절 • RR: Baengnojeol • MR: Paengnojŏl • Pinyin: Báilù


Other time-related terms

Autumn harvest


Basic Info
• Hanja: 秋收 • Hangeul: 가을에 수확한정월

First lunar month

Basic Info
• Hanja: 正月 • Hangeul: 정월 • RR: Jeongwol • MR: Chŏngwŏl • Pinyin: Zhēngyuè

Following year

Basic Info
• Hanja: 明年 • Hangeul: 이듬해 • RR: Ideumhae • MR: Idŭmhae • Pinyin: Míngnián

Last month of the lunar year

Basic Info
• Hanja: 臘月 • Hangeul: 동지 섣달, 납월 • RR: Dongji seotdal, Nabwol • MR: Tongji sŏttal, Nabwŏl • Pinyin: Làyuè

Middle of the month

Basic Info
• Hanja: 望 • Hangeul: 보름 • RR: Boreum • MR: Porŭm • Pinyin: Wàng
Alternate English Terms
• 15th day of the lunar month, day of the full moon

Winter months

Basic Info
• Hanja: 冬月 • Hangeul: 한 겨울 동안 • RR: Han Gyeoul Dongan • MR: Han Kyŏul Tongan • Pinyin: Dōngyuè
Alternate English Terms
• eleventh lunar month

First week

Basic Info
• Hanja: 上旬 • Hangeul: 상순 • RR: Sangsun • MR: Sangsun • Pinyin: Shàngxún

Second week

Basic Info
• Hanja: 中旬 • Hangeul: 중순 • RR: Jungsun • MR: Chungsun • Pinyin: Zhōngxún

Third week

Basic Info
• Hanja: 下旬 • Hangeul: 하순 • RR: Hasun • MR: Hasun • Pinyin: Xiàxún

Ten days after Autumn Equinox


Basic Info
• Hanja: (秋分)後十日 • Hangeul: 추분 후 10일


Four seasons

Spring

Basic Info
• Hanja: 春 • Hangeul: 봄 • RR: Bom • MR: Pom • Pinyin: Chūn

Summer

Basic Info
• Hanja: 夏 • Hangeul: 여름 • RR: Yeoreum • MR: Yŏrŭm • Pinyin: Xià

Autumn

Basic Info
• Hanja: 秋 • Hangeul: 가을 • RR: Gaeul • MR: Kaŭl

Winter

Basic Info
• Hanja: 冬 • Hangeul: 겨울 • RR: Gyeoul • MR: Kyŏul • Pinyin: Dōng


Mangjong

Edit.png Contributor: Kang Haewon

  • English: Grain in Ear
  • Chinese: 芒種
  • Korean: 망종

Mangjong (Kor. 망종, Chin. 芒種, lit. bearded grain) is the ninth of the twenty-four solar terms. Occurring between Soman (Kor. 소만, Chin. 小滿, Beginning of Grain Ripening) and Haji (Kor. 하지, Chin. 夏至, Summer Solstice), Mangjong usually falls during the fifth month on the lunar calendar and happens around June sixth on the Gregorian calendar. The sun reaches the celestial longitude of 75 degrees on this day. As suggested by its name, Mangjong indicates the appropriate time to harvest the first crop and sow the second of bearded grains such as rice and barley.[5]

White Dew

  • English: White Dew
  • Chinese:白露
  • Korean:백로

White Dewis one of the twenty-four solar terms. According to the Gregorian calendar, it falls around September 9th, and according to the lunar calendar, White Dew usually falls in the eighth month.[6]

Autumn Equinox

  • English: Autumn Equinox
  • Chinese:秋分
  • Korean:추분

Autumn Equinox is one of the twenty-four solar terms. It occurs after White Dew 白露, and it falls, according to the Gregorian calendar, around September twenty-third, and according to the lunar calendar, it usually falls in the eight-month.[7]

References

  1. ↑ "Manure", Wikipedia.
  2. ↑ The Changing History of East Asian Human Manure Fertilization, Sustainability & Environmental Justice.
  3. ↑ [1]
  4. ↑ China Highlights. The 24 solar terms [2]
  5. ↑ "Bearded Grain", Encyclopedia of Korean Folk Culture, National Folk Museum of Korea.
  6. ↑ "White Dew", Encyclopedia of Korean Folk Culture, National Folk Museum of Korea.
  7. ↑ "Autumn Equinox", Encyclopedia of Korean Folk Culture, National Folk Museum of Korea.
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