"농사직설 Glossary"의 두 판 사이의 차이

2018년 6월 5일 (화) 11:26 판

Grains

Night soil

Contributor: Ciceo Anca Valentina

• Chinese: 人糞
• Korean: 인분

Night soil is a euphemism for human feces collected from cesspools, privies, pail closets, pit latrines, privy middens, septic tanks, etc. Human excreta may be attractive as fertilizer because of the high demand for fertilizer and the relative availability of the material to create night soil. In areas where native soil is of poor quality, the local population may weigh the risk of using night soil.

Some people refer to human excreta as human manure, and the word "humanure" has also been used. Just like animal manure, it can be applied as a soil conditioner (reuse of excreta in agriculture). Sewage sludge is a material that contains human excreta, as it is generated after mixing excreta with water and treatment of the wastewater in a sewage treatment plant.^[1]

Since ancient times, the people of East Asia have traditionally supported a large population by utilizing this natural means of fertilization.^[2]

• Additional readings:
  
  • Human faeces as a resource in agriculture
    
  • Human waste use in agriculture and aquaculture
    
  • Chinese tradition of utilizing human excreta

Types of Land and related terms

Summer Solstice

Seasonal Terms^[3]

Traditionally, the Chinese lunar calendar divides the year into 24 solar terms.

Summer Solstice

Autumn Equinox

Mangjong

White Dew

Other time-related terms

Autumn harvest

First lunar month

Following year

Last month of the lunar year

Middle of the month

Winter months

First week

Second week

Third week

Ten days after Autumn Equinox

Four seasons

Spring

Summer

Autumn

Winter

Mangjong

Contributor: Kang Haewon

• English: Grain in Ear
• Chinese: 芒種
• Korean: 망종

Mangjong (Kor. 망종, Chin. 芒種, lit. bearded grain) is the ninth of the twenty-four solar terms. Occurring between Soman (Kor. 소만, Chin. 小滿, Beginning of Grain Ripening) and Haji (Kor. 하지, Chin. 夏至, Summer Solstice), Mangjong usually falls during the fifth month on the lunar calendar and happens around June sixth on the Gregorian calendar. The sun reaches the celestial longitude of 75 degrees on this day. As suggested by its name, Mangjong indicates the appropriate time to harvest the first crop and sow the second of bearded grains such as rice and barley.^[5]

White Dew

• English: White Dew
• Chinese:白露
• Korean:백로

White Dewis one of the twenty-four solar terms. According to the Gregorian calendar, it falls around September 9th, and according to the lunar calendar, White Dew usually falls in the eighth month.^[6]

Autumn Equinox

• English: Autumn Equinox
• Chinese:秋分
• Korean:추분

Autumn Equinox is one of the twenty-four solar terms. It occurs after White Dew 白露, and it falls, according to the Gregorian calendar, around September twenty-third, and according to the lunar calendar, it usually falls in the eight-month.^[7]

References

1. ↑ "Manure", Wikipedia.
2. ↑ The Changing History of East Asian Human Manure Fertilization, Sustainability & Environmental Justice.
3. ↑ [1]
4. ↑ China Highlights. The 24 solar terms [2]
5. ↑ "Bearded Grain", Encyclopedia of Korean Folk Culture, National Folk Museum of Korea.
6. ↑ "White Dew", Encyclopedia of Korean Folk Culture, National Folk Museum of Korea.
7. ↑ "Autumn Equinox", Encyclopedia of Korean Folk Culture, National Folk Museum of Korea.