"NJ2018 Cultivating Barley and Wheat"의 두 판 사이의 차이

classics
이동: 둘러보기, 검색
(→‎Korean Translation)
(→‎English Translation)
26번째 줄: 26번째 줄:
  
 
=='''English Translation'''==
 
=='''English Translation'''==
−
For wet farming of late ripening varieties, plow the fields when the [spring] thaw occurs in the first month. As for applying manure and bringing in new soil, follow the same method prescribed for the early ripening varieties. {{Original Commentary|If new soil is brought in this year then apply manure or spread weeds the following year, and alternate them.}}If the soil is muddy or crumbly, or the subsoil water is cold, then bring in new soil or sod soil. If the soil is infertile and barren, then spread cattle and horse manure and stems with oak leaves {{Original Commentary|locally known as kaŭlch’o)}}, Night soil and silkworm droppings are also good. {{Original Commentary|but they are difficult to procure in large amounts.}}From the first ten days of the third month to Mangjongjŏl, Day of Grain in Ear, plow the fields again [and sow the seeds]. {{Original Commentary|In general, if we plow and sow later than Mangjongjŏl, the grains won’t (be able to) ripen.}}Soaking seeds, sowing seeds, covering seeds, irrigating water, and weeding methods are all the same as in methods for early ripening varieties. {{Original Commentary|Before the fifteenth day of the sixth month, having weeded three times is best. Weeding three times within the sixth month is second best. Not doing even this amount of weeding is the worst.}}
+
Cultivating Barley and Wheat (including ch’unmo)<ref>The following are in the edition in the NLK:Barley is reluctant to plant in the days of Cha, Ch’uck, Ki, the days for appropriation is Hae, Myo, Chin. wheat is same with barley. </ref>
 +
#As barley and wheat are the crop in between the previous year’s harvest and the next year’s harvest, they are the most critical for farms.<ref>The edition in the Library of Korea has ‘最’for ‘㝡’. </ref>
 +
#Sowing for barren fields is done during paengnojŏl, for acceptable fields during ch’upun, and ten days after ch’upun for fertile fields.<ref>The edition in the Jangseogak Archives has ‘莭’for ‘節’, reading ‘薄田白露莭’. White dews（白露paengno）is the 15th solar term. It usually begins around September. Autumnal Equinox(秋分 ch’upun ) is the 16th solar term. It is the mid-day of autumn.</ref>
 +
#[Sowing] too early is also bad. (There is an old saying: If sown early, then insects eat the [barley and wheat] while it grows joints.)
 +
#First, within the fifth and sixth months, plow the fields and dry them in the sun. Using a mokchak (known locally as sohŭlla), smooth them flat, and at sowing time, plow the fields again.<ref>The edition in the NLK omits‘鄕名所訖羅’. </ref> 
 +
#After sowing is complete, use a ch'ŏlch'ip'a (known locally as susuŭm ) or a mokchakpae ( known locally as sohŭllabae)<ref>The edition in the NLK omits ‘鄕名手愁音’, ‘鄕名所訖羅背’.</ref><ref> <When sowing the seed grain, plow again with the reverse side of the ch'ŏlch'ip'a or mokchakpae and smooth out the little furrows, and plant the seed grain, mixing them with manure and urine fertilizer. Spread the finely aged fertilizer over the seed grain, and weed once around the third month of the following year. Mix the manure and urine fertilizer well and spread it sparsely over the fields.></ref> 
 +
#When covering the seeds, they should be densely covered. (If sown early, then the roots grow deep and withstand cold, and if sown late, then the grains become small.)
 +
#Within the following third month, hoe the fields once, and for barley root fields refer to the above method.
 +
#Before harvesting glutinous millet, bean, non-glutinous millet, and buckwheat root fields, use a large scythe with a long handle to cut the grass before it turns yellow and stack them in the boundaries around the fields.<ref>The edition in the Jangseogak Archives has ‘禾’for ‘木’, reading  ‘黍豆粟禾麥根田’.</ref>   
 +
#After harvesting the grain, spread the grass abundantly on top of the fields, burn them, scatter the seeds, and before the ashes scatter, plow the fields.
 +
#Spread double the amount of grass for barren fields, and if the grass is not cut, use manure and the method for beans and red beans.<ref>The edition in the NLK has ‘灰’for ‘又’reading ‘灰如大小豆法’.</ref> 
 +
#Occasionally, first sow mung beans or sesame and wait until the grass is abundant for cutting and plowing within the fifth or sixth month.
 +
#After sowing the seeds, the second plowing and sowing methods are the same as the previous method.
 +
#:○The best day to plant millet is on the fifth day during the first decade of days in the eighth month and the next is on the fifteenth day, and the worst is on the twenty-fifth day.  
 +
#:○The best day to plant barely is during the fifth day during the second decade of days in the eighth month and the next is the twenty-fifth day, while the worst is the in the fifth day of the ninth month. 
 +
#○ In between spring and summer, trim willow branches and spread them in horse shed.
 +
#Take them out every five or six days, stacking them to make manure which is especially good for barley.
 +
#○ Barley and wheat are cut when they ripen accordingly, immediately moved to a yard, and covered with straw matting to prevent drenching from rain.<ref>The edition in the NLK has ‘收’for ‘輸’, reading ‘卽收於場’.</ref>
 +
#If they are cannot be moved to the yard, then move them to a high place in the boundaries around the fields, then move them [to the yard] at night.
 +
#On a clear day, spread the barley and wheat thinly on the yard (if spread thickly, they will not dry well) and thresh them as they dry (threshing is  known locally as tajak).
 +
#There is nothing that busies a farmer more than barley and wheat. 
 +
#An old saying says: Gathering barley and wheat is like putting out a fire, if you slow down even a little, it results in disaster.<ref>The edition in the NLK adds 終爲災傷 after 古語曰.</ref>
 +
#Barley sown in early spring can be planted during the second month on warm day with sunshine, and ends when the second month passes.  
 +
#Sowing, hoeing, and harvesting methods are the same as that of autumn barley.<ref>The edition in the Jangseogak Archives omits ‘耘法’from ‘種法․收法, 與秋麥同’.</ref>
 +
#:'''The edition in the NLK has the following:'''
 +
#When the awns of wheat and barley do not appear in the eighth month, drain the sap of the roots and stalks of the paekyangha (白蘘荷) and put it in the plumules of the barley. Then the awns will appear immediately.
 +
#○ Cut the paekyang in the seventh month and chop the soft leaves with a straw-cutter. Dig a pit and fill it with the urine from the pool near the stables and the leaves, or have the leaves stepped on by the livestock and use it as fertilizer on the fields. This fertilizer is good for any crop, and even better for barley and wheat.(This method is practiced by the people in western Yŏngnam Province.)
 +
#○ When harvesting barley and wheat, the farmwork is indeed laborious. When cutting the barley, wrap it in bundles, and put long logs on a high ride in the fields in the shape of a mud hut to store the barley in. Put the barley in with the ears facing the inside of the structure and the roots facing the outside.
 +
#Then layer fish scales over them and poke a hole in one side so they are not damaged by the wind and protected by the rain. After the farmwork slows, then the threshing begins. But if the barley is stacked above as said above in a yard or on high ridges in the fields, then it will prevent damage from moths.
  
 
=='''Glossary'''==
 
=='''Glossary'''==

2018년 5월 27일 (일) 21:05 판

Nongsa jikseol
Table of Contents
  1. Preface
  2. Preparing the Seed Grain
  3. Plowing the Soil
  4. Cultivating Hemp
  5. Cultivating Rice
  6. Cultivating Proso and Foxtail Millet
  7. Cultivating Barnyard Grass
  8. Cultivating Soybeans, Red Beans, and Mung Beans
  9. Cultivating Barley and Wheat
  10. Cultivating Sesame
  11. Cultivating Buckwheat

Original Script

Text with Punctuation Text Image
種大小麥 【附春麰】:

大小麥, 新舊間接食, 農家㝡急。
薄田白露節, 中田秋分時, 美田後十日可種。 大早又不可。 【古語曰: 早種, 則虫而有節。】
先於五六月間, 耕之曝陽, 用木斫【鄕名所訖羅】摩平。 下種時又耕之。
下種訖以鐵齒擺【鄕名: 手愁音】或木斫背【鄕名: 所訖羅背】覆種宜厚。 【早種, 則根深耐寒; 晩種, 則穗小。】
明年三月間, 一鋤之。
麥根田, 則依上法。 黍、豆、粟、木麥根田, 則預於收穀前, 用長柄大鎌, 及草未黃時刈之, 積在田畔, 收穀訖以其草厚布田上, 火焚, 擲種, 及灰未散耕之。
薄田倍加布草, 如未及刈草, 用糞, 又如大小豆法。
或於其田, 先種菉豆或胡麻, 五六月間掩耕, 待草爛後下種時, 又耕種之, 如前法。

○春夏間剉細柳枝, 布牛馬廐, 每五六日取出, 積之爲糞。 甚宜於麥。

○大小麥隨熟隨刈, 卽輸於場。 用苫盖覆, 以防雨作。 若不及輸場, 亦須輸運於田畔高處盖覆, 乘夜輸入, 遇晴以麥薄布場上, 【厚則難乾。】 隨乾隨輾【輾, 鄕名: 打作。】
農家所忙, 無過於麥。 古語曰: 「取麥如救火」, 若小遲慢, 終爲災傷。

○春麰: 二月間陽氣溫和日可耕, 盡二月止。 種法、耘法、收法與秋麥同。


16
17
18

Korean Translation

대맥․소맥 재배법[種大小麥]춘모(春麰)를 덧붙임. 대맥(大麥)․소맥(小麥)은[1] 햇곡식과 작년 곡식 사이의 곡물이므로 농가(農家)에서는 가장 긴요한 것이다. 척박한 밭에서는 백로절(白露節)에, 중간 정도의 밭에서는 추분(秋分) 때에, 좋은 밭에서는 <추분> 후 10일에 파종할 수 있다. 또한 <파종을> 너무 빨리 하는 것은 안 된다. 옛말에 이르기를, ‘빨리 파종하면 벌레가 먹으면서, <대맥․소맥에> 마디가 생긴다’라고 하였다. 먼저 5~6월 사이에 <밭을> 갈고 햇볕에 말린 다음, 목작(木斫) 향명(鄕名)으로는 소흘라(所訖羅)이다. 으로 평평하게 다듬고, 씨를 뿌릴 때 다시 갈아준다. 씨 뿌리기가 끝나면 철치파(鐵齒擺) 향명(鄕名)으로는 수수음(手愁音)이다. 또는 목작배(木斫背) 향명(鄕名)으로는 소흘라배(所訖羅背)이다 로 씨를 덮는데 두텁게 덮어야 한다빨리 심으면 뿌리가 깊어지고 추위에 강해지며, 늦게 심으면 이삭[穗]이 작아진다. 이듬해 3월 중에 한번 김을 매는데, 맥근전(麥根田)도 위의 방법대로 한다. 메기장[黍]․콩[豆]․조[粟]․목맥근전(木麥根田)에서는 미리 곡식을 수확하기 전에, 긴 손잡이의 큰 낫으로 풀을 누레지기 전에 베어 밭두둑에 쌓아둔다. 곡식을 다 수확하면 그 풀을 밭에 두텁게 깔고 불태운 후 종자를 뿌리고, 재가 흩어지기 전에 간다. 척박한 밭에서는 풀을 두 배로 더 까는데, 만약 풀을 베지 못했다면 거름[糞]을 사용하며, 또한 대두(大豆)․소두(小豆)의 재배법과 동일하다. 간혹 그 밭에서 먼저 녹두나 호마를 파종하고, 5~6월 중에는 엄경(掩耕)[2] 하기 위해서 풀이 무성해지기를 기다린다. 그리고 나중에 씨를 뿌릴 때 다시 갈고 파종하는 것은 앞의 방법과 동일하다. 봄․여름 사이에 수양버들[細柳] 가지를 잘라 소․말을 키우는 외양간에 펼쳐둔다. 5~6일마다 꺼내어 쌓아서 거름[糞]을 만드는데, 특히 보리[麥]에 좋다. 대맥(大麥)․소맥(小麥)은 익는대로 베어내서 곧장 마당으로 옮기고, 거적[苫]으로 덮어서 비를 막는다. 만약 마당으로 옮기지 못했을 때는 밭두둑의 높은 곳으로 옮겨 덮어두어야 하며, 밤에 <마당으로> 옮겨온다. 맑은 날을 기다려 대맥․소맥[麥]을 마당에 얇게 펼친 후두텁게 펼치면 건조가 어렵다 , 건조 되는대로 전(輾)한다 전(輾)은 향명(鄕名)으로는 타작(打作)이다. 농가의 바쁜 일 가운데 대맥․소맥 농사보다 급한 게 없다. 옛말에 이르기를 ‘대맥․소맥을 다루는 것은 불을 끄는 것과 같다’라고 하였으니, 조금만 지체해도 끝내 재앙이 된다. 춘모(春麰)[3] 는 2월 중에 햇볕[陽氣]이 따뜻한 날에 심을[耕] 수 있으니, 2월이 지나면 그만둔다. 파종법․김매는 법․수확법은 가을보리[秋麥]와 동일하다.

English Translation

Cultivating Barley and Wheat (including ch’unmo)[4]

  1. As barley and wheat are the crop in between the previous year’s harvest and the next year’s harvest, they are the most critical for farms.[5]
  2. Sowing for barren fields is done during paengnojŏl, for acceptable fields during ch’upun, and ten days after ch’upun for fertile fields.[6]
  3. [Sowing] too early is also bad. (There is an old saying: If sown early, then insects eat the [barley and wheat] while it grows joints.)
  4. First, within the fifth and sixth months, plow the fields and dry them in the sun. Using a mokchak (known locally as sohŭlla), smooth them flat, and at sowing time, plow the fields again.[7]
  5. After sowing is complete, use a ch'ŏlch'ip'a (known locally as susuŭm ) or a mokchakpae ( known locally as sohŭllabae)[8][9]
  6. When covering the seeds, they should be densely covered. (If sown early, then the roots grow deep and withstand cold, and if sown late, then the grains become small.)
  7. Within the following third month, hoe the fields once, and for barley root fields refer to the above method.
  8. Before harvesting glutinous millet, bean, non-glutinous millet, and buckwheat root fields, use a large scythe with a long handle to cut the grass before it turns yellow and stack them in the boundaries around the fields.[10]
  9. After harvesting the grain, spread the grass abundantly on top of the fields, burn them, scatter the seeds, and before the ashes scatter, plow the fields.
  10. Spread double the amount of grass for barren fields, and if the grass is not cut, use manure and the method for beans and red beans.[11]
  11. Occasionally, first sow mung beans or sesame and wait until the grass is abundant for cutting and plowing within the fifth or sixth month.
  12. After sowing the seeds, the second plowing and sowing methods are the same as the previous method.
    ○The best day to plant millet is on the fifth day during the first decade of days in the eighth month and the next is on the fifteenth day, and the worst is on the twenty-fifth day.
    ○The best day to plant barely is during the fifth day during the second decade of days in the eighth month and the next is the twenty-fifth day, while the worst is the in the fifth day of the ninth month.
  13. ○ In between spring and summer, trim willow branches and spread them in horse shed.
  14. Take them out every five or six days, stacking them to make manure which is especially good for barley.
  15. ○ Barley and wheat are cut when they ripen accordingly, immediately moved to a yard, and covered with straw matting to prevent drenching from rain.[12]
  16. If they are cannot be moved to the yard, then move them to a high place in the boundaries around the fields, then move them [to the yard] at night.
  17. On a clear day, spread the barley and wheat thinly on the yard (if spread thickly, they will not dry well) and thresh them as they dry (threshing is known locally as tajak).
  18. There is nothing that busies a farmer more than barley and wheat.
  19. An old saying says: Gathering barley and wheat is like putting out a fire, if you slow down even a little, it results in disaster.[13]
  20. Barley sown in early spring can be planted during the second month on warm day with sunshine, and ends when the second month passes.
  21. Sowing, hoeing, and harvesting methods are the same as that of autumn barley.[14]
    The edition in the NLK has the following:
  22. When the awns of wheat and barley do not appear in the eighth month, drain the sap of the roots and stalks of the paekyangha (白蘘荷) and put it in the plumules of the barley. Then the awns will appear immediately.
  23. ○ Cut the paekyang in the seventh month and chop the soft leaves with a straw-cutter. Dig a pit and fill it with the urine from the pool near the stables and the leaves, or have the leaves stepped on by the livestock and use it as fertilizer on the fields. This fertilizer is good for any crop, and even better for barley and wheat.(This method is practiced by the people in western Yŏngnam Province.)
  24. ○ When harvesting barley and wheat, the farmwork is indeed laborious. When cutting the barley, wrap it in bundles, and put long logs on a high ride in the fields in the shape of a mud hut to store the barley in. Put the barley in with the ears facing the inside of the structure and the roots facing the outside.
  25. Then layer fish scales over them and poke a hole in one side so they are not damaged by the wind and protected by the rain. After the farmwork slows, then the threshing begins. But if the barley is stacked above as said above in a yard or on high ridges in the fields, then it will prevent damage from moths.

Glossary

Mangjong


Night soil


Footnote

  1. ↑ 대맥(大麥)․소맥(小麥) : 대맥(大麥)은 보리를, 소맥(小麥)은 밀을 가리킨다.
  2. ↑ 엄경(掩耕) : 풀을 베어 내고, 그 풀을 경작지에 깐 후 갈아서 비료로 사용하는 것이다(** 이경록의 추측임).
  3. ↑ 춘모(春麰) : 봄보리이다.
  4. ↑ The following are in the edition in the NLK:Barley is reluctant to plant in the days of Cha, Ch’uck, Ki, the days for appropriation is Hae, Myo, Chin. wheat is same with barley.
  5. ↑ The edition in the Library of Korea has ‘最’for ‘㝡’.
  6. ↑ The edition in the Jangseogak Archives has ‘莭’for ‘節’, reading ‘薄田白露莭’. White dews（白露paengno）is the 15th solar term. It usually begins around September. Autumnal Equinox(秋分 ch’upun ) is the 16th solar term. It is the mid-day of autumn.
  7. ↑ The edition in the NLK omits‘鄕名所訖羅’.
  8. ↑ The edition in the NLK omits ‘鄕名手愁音’, ‘鄕名所訖羅背’.
  9. ↑ <When sowing the seed grain, plow again with the reverse side of the ch'ŏlch'ip'a or mokchakpae and smooth out the little furrows, and plant the seed grain, mixing them with manure and urine fertilizer. Spread the finely aged fertilizer over the seed grain, and weed once around the third month of the following year. Mix the manure and urine fertilizer well and spread it sparsely over the fields.>
  10. ↑ The edition in the Jangseogak Archives has ‘禾’for ‘木’, reading ‘黍豆粟禾麥根田’.
  11. ↑ The edition in the NLK has ‘灰’for ‘又’reading ‘灰如大小豆法’.
  12. ↑ The edition in the NLK has ‘收’for ‘輸’, reading ‘卽收於場’.
  13. ↑ The edition in the NLK adds 終爲災傷 after 古語曰.
  14. ↑ The edition in the Jangseogak Archives omits ‘耘法’from ‘種法․收法, 與秋麥同’.

Further Reading

원본 주소 "http://dh.aks.ac.kr/~classics/wiki/index.php?title=NJ2018_Cultivating_Barley_and_Wheat&oldid=1737"