Report : Goryeo's Civil Service Examination and Educational Institutes
Goryeo's Civil Service Examination and Educational Institutes
Team : Education1
2222 백연서, 2303 김영민 1122 한가영, 1223 한예은 1404 박진아, 1425 홍지연 1620 전수진
Contents
1 Our Team's Topic and motivation
2 Goryeo's Civil Service Examination
2.1 Explanation about the Civil Service Examination 2.2 Background of the Civil Service Examination 2.3 System of the Civil Service Examination
3 Goryeo's educational institutes
3.1 Explanation about educational institutes 3.2 Goryeo's private school and it's influence on the Civil Service Examination 3.3 Originality and Value of Royal Academy of Goryeo
4 Conclusion
5 References
6 Team Members
1 Our Team's Topic and motivation
On the 110th anniversary of Korea's founding, Ganghwa Girls' High School held various programs about Goryeo. Among them, we joined a global issue forum camp where we could explore the subjects we wanted in depth. Our team members decided to explore the education of Goryeo because they were all interested in education. Among them, the formal academic institutions of the Goryeo Dynasty, the Gukjagam and the Civil Service Examination. By participating in the 2018 Global Issues Forum Camp, we will be able to explore the education system of Goryeo and its past institutions in a more accurate and accurate way.
2 Goryeo's Civil Service Examination
2.1 Explanation about the Civil Service Examination ’과거제‘ is the national civil service examinations under the Goryeo. It can be contrasted to eumseo(음서), the privilege of high ranked officers. Also, It can be contrasted to recommendation system because people participated in the examination of their own free will. It was at the time of Gwangjong, the fourth king of Goryeo, who started the exam system in goryeo dynasty. King Gwangjong thought that for strengthening the royal power, there should be more people loyal to the king. But Gwangjong is not the person who made ’과거제‘ for the first time in world. ’과거제‘ was first created by the chinese king named munjae who was the king of sunara and after seven years it was introduced to korea by the then minister named Ssanggi So, he accepted the suggestion of 쌍기 Chinese students and put the exam system in place. this is how, he selected officials of high level for his kingdom. There are some interesting things in civil service examination. First, an examination for military officers like general didn’t exist. Although the exam for military officers was installed in 1390, it wasn’t conducted. That’s why we can see it in Joseon. In addition to the civil service examination, which values the ability of individuals, the sound system, which values family lineage, was implemented simultaneously. As time goes by, ‘과거제’ had improved a lot but ‘음서’ hadn’t.
2.2 Background of the Civil Service Examination
It was the ninth year of Gwangjong (958 years) of Goryeo that the system was first introduced to Korea. This is 371 years after it was implemented in China. Taking the suggestion of a naturalized Ssanggi, Kwang-jong introduced a system of recruiting new talents according to Confucian scholarship and ability. Kwang-jong also needed power who was loyal to him and Goryeo, while controlling those from the vested interest. In the civil service, the system was the most suitable way to recruit that who has no power but has capacity. It was implemented with the aim of strengthening its sovereign power beyond the traditional pro-ethnic regime and achieved the desired results.
2.3 System of the Civil Service Examination
In civil service examination, the main part of the examination system was civil service literary examinations, but there were also Miscellaneous Examination and monk examination
After passing the exam, a Buddhist monk could become an official. However, It is hard to say that officer of the crown was selected based on its ability because it also implemented protected appointment that enables the administration to become an officer of the crown without taking civil service examination. The law allowed above the rank of commoner to apply in the civil service examination, but the classic examination and composition examination was mostly applied by the nobles and local functionary. Composition Examination focused on literary talent and policy, and Classics examination focused on understanding the canon. Miscellaneous Examination was a test to select technical centers for law, accounting, and geography.
▲System of the Civil Service Examination
3 Goryeo's educational institutes
3.1 Explanation about educational institutes
Royal Academy(Kukjagam) is a public educational institution same as national university. There are many interesting features about Royal Academy.
The same three headings are taught but the qualifications for admission were different. Master and assistant taught the three headings. With the development of private schools, public schools have weakened at the period of Munjong. So Yejong changed the name of the royal academy from Kukjagam to Kukhak. There are difference according to which king is in power. who emphasized confucianism strengthened the system for public school. King who emphasized Buddhism strengthened the system for privite education.
Local Confucian academy(Hyanggyo) is also a public educational institution to teach confucianism in local. If you want to understand why the Local Confucian academy is necessary, you have to know the background history. After Wang Gun the first king of Goryeo, the other kings of Goryeo tried to organize a political power structure based on confucianism, the new political ideology. They wanted to hold powerful local family back and strengthen royal authority. In this trend of history, the political will to diffuse confucianism to base society was appeared. That’s why the necessity of Local Confucian academy was increased. However, there are many problems in Goryeo’s local system. Accordingly, Local confucian academy showed a lot of troubles.
3.2 Goryeo's private school and it's influence on the Civil Service Examination
Mun-heon-gong-do is also called Lord Chancellor Ch’oe’s Disciples.
In the middle of the Goryeo period, Choichung set up a Nine Hall Institute. Therefore, when the Public education was shrinked, Goryeo tried to promote the national studies by putting 7 items and Fund for Nurturing Worthies into Royal Academy. In the year 1068, when choi died, nation gave the title of 'mun-heon', and his follower named his school after ‘mun-heon’. Mun-heon-gong-do had became a representative position of 12 do and was passed down to the Late Goryeo Dynasty. In the Military Rule, Lee Seungjang studied at sol-seong-jae of Mun-heon-gong-do, and Yi Kyu Bo also attended ‘ seong-myeong-jae’ ,in Mun-heon-gong-do, at the age of 14. In Goryeo biography, 12 do including Mun-heon-gong-do were in an equal position with the Royal Academy, but Late Goryeo Dynasty, With the implementation of the Royal Academy revival policy, It was demoted and serving as the middle location between district school and Royal Academy and was abolished in 1391(The third year of gongyang reign).
3.3 Originality and Value of Royal Academy of Goryeo
It has a complex structure from the central elite, usually called the international school, to the lower level of education programs, local educational institutions, and auxiliary history. The Royal Academy student was given the privilege of taking the test in the Civil Service Examination. In the test, applicants had to pass a national preliminary test and then pass a national re-examination, Royal Confucian Academy examination. However, after studying for three years in school, The Royal Academy students were exempted from preliminary tests regardless of their grades, and were able to apply in the test through direct monitoring. Furthermore, those with good academic records were exempted from the first or second chapters of the test as well as surveillance. The king, who emphasized Confucianism as the center of education, emphasized Chinese culture during his reign. he school encouraged students to Confucianism and also influenced their educational content by establishing the contents of the exam.
4 Conclusion
We are all students who dream of education. In commemoration of the 1,100 year of the foundation of the Goryeo, the theme we have prepared is " Goryeo's Civil Service Examination, and various educational institutions, including the Royal Academy " Goryeo was a very important subject in the history of education and well developed not only in central educational institutions but also in local educational institutions and private institutes. We can learn and feel a lot from Goryeo sources who were interested in education.
5 References
2 Goryeo's Civil Service Examination http://contents.history.go.kr/front/tg/view.do?treeId=0100&levelId=tg_002_0510&ganada=&pageUnit=10 http://www.riss.kr/search/detail/DetailView.do?p http://www.riss.kr/link?id=M9950678
3 Goryeo's education institute https://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?docId=525319&cid=46621&categoryId=46621 https://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?docId=631560&cid=50766&categoryId=50794 https://academic.naver.com/article.naver?doc_id=41581540 https://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?docId=657702&cid=46615&categoryId=46615 https://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?docId=1067058&cid=40942&categoryId=33382 https://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?docId=578940&cid=46615&categoryId=46615 https://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?docId=554855&cid=46615&categoryId=46615
6 Team Member
Team Position Name (English) Name (Korean) Student ID Wiki ID
Teacher Manik 마닉 Leader Kim Young Min 김영민 20303 kym10300 Vice-Leader Baek Yeon Seo 백연서 20202 Pus9486 Member Han Ye Eun 한예은 10223 Gksdd12 Member Park Jin A 박진아 10404 박진아 Member Han Ga Young 한가영 10122 한가영 Member Jeon Su Jin 전수진 10620 hpght126 Member Hong Ji Yeon 홍지연 10425 hongjiyeon
