코프 주교 한국 강연 내용

<별첨 1> In consequence of the Bishop's close connection with the Royal Navy and the existence of the Hospital Naval Fund, a space has been allotted in the Royal Naval Exhibition to “Bishop Corfe's Mission to Corea.” The Exhibit will be found in the Howe Gallery, No. 4045 of Official Catalogue.

The space available is very limited, and many of the pamphlets, sketches, and photographs are consequently not fully exposed to view ; but the following is a description of all the articles : - SMALL FRONT CASE : -

No. I.-Central Position.-The New Testament of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ. Translations into three languages used in Corea -(1) Corean ; (2) Chinese ; (3) Japanese. Lent by the British and Foreign Bible Society. (1) The New Testament in Corean-"the vulgar tongue." Translated in 1882 by the Missionaries of the United Presby-terian Church of Scotland, at Niu-chwang and Mudken, Rev. John Ross and others, and printed at the cost of the British and Foreign Bible Society. (2) The New Testament in Chinese Wenli (classical), “the literary instrument of the learned," analogous to what Latin was in mediæval Europe. The Chinese characters constitute the true writing or "great letters," opposed to the Corean alphabet-the women's and children's writing. (3) The New Testament, with map and references in Japanese Kanamajiri. The Japanese and Corean languages very closely resemble each other, pointing to the historic unity of the two nations. At present the Japanese element is very important, especially about Fusan. 66 THE MORNING CALM. No. 2.-The Right Rev. Charles John Corfe, D.D., Missionary Bishop to Corea. Consecrated in Westminster Abbey, Feast of All Saints, November I, 1889. (1) Two Photographs by Owen, 29 Catherine Street, Salisbury. Lent by Rev. J. B. Harbord. (2) H.M.S. "Audacious" (in MIDDLE CASE). As flag-ship on China station, has paid several visits to Corea. Bishop Corfe, when serving in the Navy, was her Chaplain during 1874-79. He entered the Navy 16th July, 1867, and served till 30th September, 1889, omitting years 1881-83, when he was Chaplain to the Bishop of North China at Chefoo. Lent by C. E. Baxter, Esq. (3) “The Book of Private Prayer for Seamen and Marines afloat." Drawn up by Rev. C. J. Corfe, Chaplain, R.N. Published by the Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge. (Royal 32mo. paper cover, 6d.; limp cloth, Is. 9d. ; limp morocco, 2s.) Three copies sent by the S.P.C.K. (4) The Bishop's Rochet. The last appointment in the Navy held by Bishop Corfe was the Chaplaincy of Portsmouth Dock-yard. He was then ex-officio Honorary Chaplain to the “Royal Seamen and Marines' Orphan Schools and Female Orphan Home." There is now a “Portsmouth Orphanage Branch" (card on Rochet) of the “Association of Prayer and Work for Corea.” The children have lately worked this Rochet as a token of their affection for the Bishop. Sent by Miss Woodin, the Matron. No. 3.- Other members of the Mission, and the Mission House. (1) Deputy Surgeon-General J. Wiles (on the retired list). In charge of the Hospital Naval Fund. Photograph lent by Mrs. Gainsford. (2) Rev. R. Small, Priest ; Rev. L. O. Warner, Deacon ; S. J. Peake, Candidate for Holy Orders. In Photograph of a Room of the Mission House at Seoul. See (3). (3) The Mission House of the Advent, Seoul. Two small Photographs by Mr. Hillier, Consul-General. Lent by Miss Chambers-Hodgetts. The following description is extracted from one of Bishop Corfe's letters : - “This is the first property of the Mission opened in Corea. It is a Corean house standing in a compound close to the Consulate-General. The upper photograph gives a view of the west front. The black uprights are placed always 8 feet apart on all sides of a house, so that its size is measured by stating the number of the 8-feet square spaces, which are called “kongs." The uprights are first erected, and then the horizontal beams placed. These THE MORNING CALM. 67 mark the level of the floor. Underneath the floor runs the flue which heats the room ; the floor is of stone and cement, or rather mud pasted over with thick oiled paper. The hole for feeding the flue is seen in the outside wall under the last window to the right. There is another hole at the same level in the next wall through which the smoke escapes. The right-hand kongs are the church, the west window being seen. It stretches back at right angles for a distance of 4 kongs or 32 feet. In the centre of the building with the half-open door and the closed windows on the right and left is the room whose interior is depicted in the lower photograph. It is a 3-kong room, or 24 feet long. The black part of the windows is the glazed part; all the rest consisting of white paper pasted on a pretty framework of wooden lattice. The two kongs on the left are a bedroom. To the right is visible the beginning of another little building: this is Dr. Wiles' dispensary. On either side of the door, standing like sentries, are our cook and coolie, both Coreans, dressed from head to foot in spotless white-white, i.e., which is meant to be spotless. The photograph of the interior shows the roof vaulted like all Corean roofs. In the centre is Rev. R. Small; on his right the Rev. L.O. Warner ; and on his left Mr. S. J.Peake. Behind is a bookcase containing some of the Bishop's books. On the floor are four Corean mats, 6 or 7 feet square, thick and substantial. On right of room, the door (of woodwork covered with paper) has been opened (inwards) to allow the photographer as much light as possible. The stove in the room has been lent us by the photographer, the excellent Mr. Hillier. The kettle is a magnificent example of the species. Three times a day it sings on the top of that stove.”. No. 4.-Prints and Maps of Corea and its Capital. (1) Two Prints of the City of Seoul. One looking west towards the Yellow Sea (from “Corea, the Hermit Nation," by W. E. Griffis). The second looking east towards the Central Mountains (from Bishop Corfe's “Monthly Letters "). Lent by Rev. J. B. Harbord. (2) “Life in Corea," by W. R. Carles. View of ConsulateGeneral Print of the Un-jin Miriok. The largest Miriok in Corea is at Un-jin, in Chhung-Chhöng Do, and is visible 15 miles off, being 64 feet high. These ancient colossal figures (carved in situ out of pinnacles of rock or large boulders) are called by the Koreans “Miriok,” which appears to be equivalent to the Chinese “Mi lê," or Buddha. The position of the hands and the mark between the eyebrows (the urna) point to its Buddhist origin. Map of Corea (placed in MIDDLE CASE) sent by Messrs. Macmillan & Co. 68 THE MORNING CALM. No. 5.-Publications, Leaflets, and Cards connected with Mission. (1) Bishop Corfe's “Monthly Letters” from November 1889 to May 1890. (2) The Morning Calm from July 1890 to May 1891. (3) Circulars and Reports of the Hospital Naval Fund. (4) Association of Prayer and Work for Corea ; Report, Circular to Secretaries, Pamphlet on Corea, Leaflets ; Children's Branch Card, Portsmouth Orphanage Branch Card. (5) St. Peter's Community, Foreign Mission Association, Leaflets and Prayer Card. (6) Other Notices of Mission, The Mission Field, January 1891; The Church Pennant, October 1889; Nurses' Missionary Association, Leaflet and Card. Two small Sketch Maps from cover of the Morning Calm show the position of Corea and adjacent countries, and the Mission Stations in Corea. THE MIDDLE CASE : — No. 6.—This contains several articles of Corean manufacture, illustrating the civilisation and customs of the people. (1) Articles lent by Lady Hart. —A very old Plate of beau-tiful workmanship, bronze inlaid with silver. A Cabinet used by ladies for toilet purposes. Three Bronze Tobacco-boxes inlaid with silver ; they are the shape of small chests, and are used generally by officials; they have large buckles at one end, by which they are suspended to belt of pipe-bearer Two Circular Tobacco-boxes such as are in ordinary use ; one has the figure of a deer inlaid, characteristic of Corea. (2) Articles lent by E. Fitzgerald Creagh, Esq., of the Imperial Chinese Customs. —One pack of Corean Playing Cards and one set of Dominoes ; Corean cash. Mr. Creagh points out that the Corean cash are struck off from characters in the Chien-tzŭ-wên or “Thousand Character Classic” ; the Chinese cash bear the name of the reigning dynasty. Two Circular Pillow-ends, embroidered by Corean ladies, with characters meaning “Felicity” and “Longevity.” (These are placed at the top corners of the back-frame. We may regard them as greet-ings from Corea to the Bishop and his Mission, wishing them happiness and long life in their new work.) Photograph of a Corean Official, 3rd class, Prefect of Tê-yuan-fu (Gensan). Photograph of a Corean between two Japanese, the former in the old native costume, the latter in European dress which the Japanese have universally adopted. (3) Lent by Rev. H. B. Harper, Chaplain, R.N. — The ordinary Hat (kat or kat-si) worn by Corean men. A small specimen, the brim of a gentleman's hat being not unusually 6 feet in circumference. The fabric is of bamboo, split to the THE MORNING CALM. 69

fineness of a thread, and woven so as to resemble horse-hair. It is then lacquered and becomes weather-proof, resisting sun and rain, but not wind. Underneath, a tight-fitting skull-cap envelops the head. In heavy rain the kat-no is worn over the kat; this is a cone of yellow oiled paper, usually kept folded up like a fan, thrust into the girdle of the dress. The large umbrella-like hat of bleached bamboo is worn by gentlemen in mourning. The hat is a distinctive feature of the Coreans, and all those here mentioned are depicted in accompanying sketches. (4) Lent by Rev. J. B. Harbord. —Writing Materials; Slab of Ink ; Ink-stone ; Brush-pens. The Ruler is square instead of round, thus furnishing the means of ruling equidistant lines. No. 7. — The Prints which have appeared in illustrated papers of Corea are (according to those well acquainted with the country) excellent, and it is with much regret that the space has not permitted a better disposition of them. The best thanks of the Mission are, however, due to the proprietors of the Illustrated London News and of the Graphic for their kindness in sending them. We recommend these sketches to those who wish to get a vivid impression of the people, and to whom these newspapers are accessible. (1) With the China Squadron: sketches in Corea. (The Illustrated London News, November 26, 1887.) A sheet from drawings by the Rev. R. O'D. Ross-Lewin, Chaplain, H.M.S. Audacious. —Pipe ; shoe; Corean hut at Port Elizabeth ; Corean raft at Port Hamilton ; Coreans inspecting a naval officer at Port Lazareff ; Coreans with umbrella-hats ; Corean watch-post in a field of pumpkins ; top-knot worn by married men ; un-married ; hut ; an incident at Gensan with Corean cattle, alarmed at seeing such strange beings as Englishmen. (2) With our Chinese Squadron in Corea, 1886-87. (The Graphic.) Sketches from drawings by C. W. Cole, Esq., Staff-paymaster, R.N. —February 12, 1887: Village on the Island of Sunhodo ; a Corean woman ; a Corean woman and child ; Port Hamilton (north end of harbour) ; bird's-eye view of Observatory Island, showing Royal Marine encampment, sketched from the Island of Sodo ; a Corean using a native plough ; Corean boy with hod ; Coreans employed on Observatory Island ; woman prostrate before a Corean temporary grave ; Vladovostock, Russian Tartary ; a Russian "aide" ; British fleet in the distance. April 2, 1887: Weathercock on the jetty, Gensan ; a minor Corean mandarin making a call, his chair-bearers wait-ing outside ; a Corean mandarin's trumpeters; small-pox on shore, no visitors allowed on board ; interested spectators; an 70 THE MORNING CALM. intuitive knowledge that a ship carries rum and baccy (they do not ask for soap) ; herdsmen of the village dispersing, Shinpo ; watching the screw go round, Shinpo; the sinews of war, cash. No. 8. —Twenty-six Photographs of Port Hamilton and the Natives, taken by Naval Officers. Lent by Commander G. L. IV. Adair, R.N.—Panoramic view of Port Hamilton, Corea, showing British men-of-war and steam collier lying at anchor; English corvette lying at Port Hamilton, with trio of the rising generation in the foreground ; British gunboat lying at anchor off Observatory Island ; slaughter-yard on the beach ; Boat Harbour, Observatory Island ; Corean house and group of natives ; building for torpedo store, Observatory Island ; group of natives with the artists who photographed them ; Coreans— youth and age ; “The Mayor,” a Corean in full dress ; the Hermit of Sodo Island ; group of Corean natives, taken by steering-wheel on board a British man-of-war ; Corean natives winnowing corn ; the love-birds, a Corean couple ; Corean youth carrying corn ; Corean native threshing corn ; a venerable Corean ; Corean natives pounding corn ; the only woman on speaking terms with the invaders ; farmyard of British fleet ; a son of the soil ; looking down on roofs of a Corean village ; temporary shelter for submarine telegraph and wooden house for operations ; boom constructed of wire-hawsers and timber for protection against torpedo boats, south entrance ; a Corean boat lying on beach ; forming wire-boom for protection against torpedo boats, northern entrance. (The Case at the back is specially devoted to this most interesting series of Photographs, besides part of the Middle Case, but we regret there is not room to exhibit all.

<별첨 2> The Corean Exbibit at the Royal Haval Exhibition. - 15호

SINCE the description was printed in the June number of the Morning Calm several objects of interest have been added to this collection 1. In the Bishop's letter of May 14, 1891, he gives an account of the commencement of work with the printing press presented to him by the chaplains of the Royal Navy. The first document printed with the press is a letter of thanks to the donors. A copy of this is now in the case. There are also some specimen pages of a work now being printed at the Mission press, an English-Corean Dictionary, by James Scott, M.A., of H.B.M.'s Service, who forwards these at the request of the Bishop. The following description accompanies them : "The Dictionary is the first attempt to formulate an English-Corean vocabulary ; it will cover some 500 pages, and contain the Corean equivalents of some 10,000 English words. Copies will be sent to the Oriental publishers in London for the convenience of anyone desiring to obtain the work." Photograph of printing-house at Seoul, with quarters of Mr. S. J. Peake and Mr. J. H. Wyers. 2. The following articles, illustrating the people and customs of Corea, have been received from the Bishop: (1) A large bowl made of paper, lacquered and painted ; it stands on three shells worked into it as feet. (2) Native map of Corea. (3) Corean story-book. (4) Corean merchants' calculating machine. The Swanpan or Abacus. (5) “Cash" or Corean money from the mint at Seoul. These coins are worth 5 "cash " each, and 200 of them are carried on the straw string as shown, a knot being tied at the 100th to facilitate counting. (6) Pouch worn by every Corean at his girdle - the only thing in the shape of a pocket which a Corean has in which to keep his valuables. (7) Corean tobacco-pouch. (8) Tobacco pipe. The shape universally used by both men and women. (9) A Corean spoon. (10) A pair of spectacles worn by Corean gentlemen. (11) Corean umbrella, placed over the hat and tied under the chin. (12) Pair of string shoes, worn over padded cotton socks. With small shades of difference used by all classes out of doors. The hole is for the projecting big toe ; the cords fit over the heel. (13) A Corean child's socks. (14) A pair of child's out-door shoes; wood. 3. Articles sent by Miss Burnett, an English lady engaged in educational work in the High School in Tokyo. (See Bishop's letter, Morning Calm, August 1891.) (1) A pair of lady's shoes of the better class. The foot is small, but never crushed as in China. (2) A piece of Corean silk, used for outer coats of better class. These are something like tail coats with the slits in the wrong places, presenting to us a very curious appearance. (3) A front worn round the head under the hat, the cordy part being drawn in under the hat. (4) A child's purse. (5) A ribbon for tying into plait of boy's hair, with an inscription wishing happiness to the wearer. (6) Brass pots, Corean make, used in the better native houses for washing the mouth before meals. There is plenty of copper in the country, but that used is imported from Japan and alloyed to prevent oxydation. (7) Photograph of the king and queen of Corea. (8) Paper of native make, pair of string shoes, and Corean cash. (9) Corean fan, with emblem in the three royal colours.