경주향교

경주향교 Gyeongjuhyanggyo Local Confucian School
대표명칭	경주향교
영문명칭	Gyeongjuhyanggyo Local Confucian School
한자	慶州鄕校
주소	경상북도 경주시 교동 17-1
지정(등록) 종목	시도유형문화재 제191호
지정(등록)일	1985년 10월 15일
분류	유적건조물/교육문화/교육기관/향교
수량/면적	8동
웹사이트	문화재청 국가문화유산포털

해설문

국문

경주향교는 훌륭한 유학자들의 위패를 모시고 제사를 지내며, 지방민의 유학교육과 교화를 위하여 나라에서 지은 국가교육기관입니다. 이 자리에는 신라 최고 중앙교육기관인 국학(國學)이 신문왕 2년(682)에 처음으로 세워졌습니다. 고려시대에는 성종 6년(987)에 지방교육기관인 학원(學院)을 설치하고, 11년(992)에 시설을 정비하였습니다. 조선시대에는 향교로 이어졌는데 성종 23년(1492)에 문묘와 성균관의 배치형식을 따라 다시 지은 현재와 같은 건물배치는 향교의 표본이 되었습니다. 임진왜란 때 불탄 것을 선조 33년(1600)에 대성전을 비롯해 제사를 올리는 제향공간을 다시 지었고, 광해군 6년(1614)에 명륜당 등과 같은 학문을 닦는 강학공간을 고쳐 지었습니다. 광복 후에는 학교의 임시 교사로 활용되었으며 1999년부터는 사회교육원이 개설되어 강학의 맥을 이어오고 있습니다.

건물의 앞쪽에 있는 대성전과 동무·서무는 성현들의 위패를 모시고 제사를 올리는 곳입니다. 뒤쪽에는 강당인 명륜당과 학생들이 거처하며 공부하던 시설인 동재·서재가 있습니다. 교생의 정원은 90인이었으며 경서(經書)와 시문(詩文)을 위주로 가르쳤습니다. 영남에서 가장 규모가 큰 향교로 서울 문묘와 같이 다수의 위패를 모시고 있었습니다.

영문

A hyanggyo is a local, public education institution of the Goryeo (918-1392) and Joseon (1392-1910) periods which carried out the Confucian ideology. It is usually composed of a lecture hall called Myeongnyundang and a shrine called Daeseongjeon that enshrines the spirit tablets of Confucius and Confucian sages and scholars. Gyeongjuhyanggyo is the largest local Confucian school in the Gyeongsang-do area, enshrining 25 Confucian sages and men of virtue.

This site had long been home to a national educational institution since the 7th century during the Silla period, when Gyeongju was the kingdom's capital. Gyeongjuhyanggyo was established on this historic site from the beginning of the Joseon Dynasty, which we can known from records of its expansion in 1492. Following its destruction during the Japanese invasions of the 1590s, the school was rebuilt in its current layout in the 17th century. The layout of this complex, placing the shrine in the front and the lecture hall in the back, is typical of local Confucian schools.

The exact construction period of Gyeongjuhyanggyo is unknown, but the school was first established during the Goryeo period and was expanded in 1492. The complex was completed during the 17th century, and the layout of this complex, placing the shrine in the front and the lecture hall in the back, is typical of local Confucian schools. Gyeongjuhyanggyo is the largest local Confucian school in the Gyeongsang-do area, enshrining 25 Confucian sages and men of virtue.

• 1600 and 1614 is right on the border between 16th and 17th century; It should be changed.
  • The complex was burnt down during the Japanese invasions on the 1590s. The shrine area was reconstructed in 1600 and the lecture hall area in 1614.
• What about the Silla period? Is there a reason this was left out?
  • This site's use as an educational institution dates back to the Silla period, when in 682 King Sinmun first established the national academy here. In 987, during the Goryeo period, a study academy was established here, and in 1492, during the Joseon period, the institution was expanded to its current layout as a hyanggyo.
  • Should some context be given that Gyeongju was the capital of Silla and a secondary capital of Goryeo?
• What about Dongjae and Seojae Halls?
  • The school also has buildings to either side of the courtyard in front of the lecture hall and the shrine which were used as residence areas for students or as extra space for enshrining sages.
  • 비교
    • 청주향교 - "flanked by two subordinate buildings"
    • 강황향교 - " The two dormitory buildings, located behind the middle gate, were newly reconstructed in 2011."
    • 비안향교 - "The layout of the complex places the shrine in the back and to the east with the lecture hall in the front. The complex also includes Dongmu and Seomu Shrines, Gwangpungnu Pavilion, a storehouse, and a pond."