Draft Traditional Education
| Title | History of Education in Korea |
|---|---|
1차 원고
Historically, Korea has been placing emphasis on education. Education in Korea is evaluated to have been foundation for successfully achieving phenomenal economic growth. Outstanding scholastic performance of Korean students demonstrated by the OECD’s Program for International Student Assessment attracts attention from the world.
Keen interest in education by Korean people has long history and tradition. Goguryeo Kingdom established the first state educational institution called ‘Taehak’ in 372 A.D. and set up schools in regions called ‘Gyeongdang’ afterward to teach Confucianism and martial art to youth. Silla Kingdom founded an educational and training system called ‘Hwarangdo’ to foster elites. After unifying three kingdoms in the 7th century, Silla established a higher educational institution ‘Gukhak’ to teach Confucianism and educate public officials.
Goryeo Dynasty established ‘Gukjagam’, a central educational organization, to teach public officials both Confucianism and technology, and ‘Hyangyo’ in regions for children of local public officials and common people. At the end of the Dynasty, it also established a higher educational institution, ‘Sungkyungwan’. Besides these public educational institutions, intellectuals set up 12 private study houses across the country,
Succeeding educational system of Groyreo, Joseon Dynasty established a new educational system based on Confucianism. Evolving into the highest educational organization, ‘Sungkyungwan’ educated public officials with Confucian knowledge. It also set up affiliated schools in 4 districts of the capital and ‘Hyanggyo’ in regions to provide secondary education. According to the Annals of King Sejong, 329 ‘Hyanggyos’ were established across the country. In addition, individuals opened local private schools (서원) and study houses (서당) for elementary education. These institutions primarily taught literacy and basic Confucian knowledge. Each of ‘Hyanggyo’ and private schools was consisted of two spaces – one for study and the other for memorial services for sages or local elites. As the government encouraged Confucianism-based education, individuals and teachers could freely open and operate study houses until modern educational system was introduced in the 19th century. As of 1911, there existed 16,540 study houses in Korea.
From ancient times, people with Confucian knowledge tend to become leaders and members of the ruling class. As Joseon Dynasty encouraged people to put efforts into study, people were enthusiastic about education to elevate to the upper class. The culture of regarding education as important has not been changed for thousands of years. Education in Korea served as one of motive forces of economic growth, accounting for important part of Korean culture.
감수본
Historically, Korea has always placed emphasis on education, and today it is evaluated to have been the foundation for successfully achieving phenomenal economic growth. The outstanding scholastic performance of Korean students, demonstrated by the OECD’s Program for International Student Assessment, attracts global attention.
Keen interest in education by Koreans has a long traditional history. The Goguryeo Kingdom established the first state educational institution called ‘Taehak’ in 372 CE and later set up regional schools called ‘Gyeongdang’ to teach Confucianism and martial arts to youth. The Silla Kingdom founded an educational and training system called ‘Hwarangdo’ to foster elite youths. After unifying the Three Kingdoms in the 7th century, Silla established a higher educational institution named ‘Gukhak’ to teach Confucianism and educate public officials.
The Goryeo Dynasty established the ‘Gukjagam’, a central educational organization to teach public officials both Confucianism and technology, and ‘Hyanggyo’ public-schools for children of local public officials and common people. At the end of the dynasty, it also established a higher educational institution, the ‘Sungkyun-gwan’. Besides these public educational institutions, intellectuals set up 12 private study-houses across the country,
The Joseon Dynasty established a new educational system based on Neo-Confucianism. Evolving into the highest educational institution, the Sungkyun-gwan educated future public officials in Neo-Confucian philosophy and methods. It also set up affiliated schools in the capital and hyanggyo in regions to provide secondary education. According to the Annals of King Sejong, 329 hyanggyo were established across the country. In addition, individuals opened Seowon private Neo-Confucian academies and local schools for elementary education. These institutions primarily taught literacy and basic knowledge, and they were built with two spaces – one for study and the other for memorial services for sages or local elites. As the government encouraged Confucianism-based education, individuals and teachers could freely open and operate study-houses until a modern educational system was introduced in the late 19th century; as of 1911, 16,540 of them existed.
From ancient times, people with Confucian knowledge tended to become leaders and members of the ruling class. As the Joseon Dynasty encouraged people to put efforts into study, people were enthusiastic about education as the way to remain upper-class. The culture of regarding education as important has not changed much for a thousand years. Education has served as one of the motive forces of economic growth, accounting for important part of Korean culture.
