"The Resting Places of Kings and Queens - Royal Tombs of the Joseon Dynasty"의 두 판 사이의 차이
71번째 줄: | 71번째 줄: | ||
|Hyeongneung(顯陵)||King Munjong and Queen Hyeondeok||05||King: 1452, Queen: 1513(이장)||One site, two ridge | |Hyeongneung(顯陵)||King Munjong and Queen Hyeondeok||05||King: 1452, Queen: 1513(이장)||One site, two ridge | ||
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− | |Gangneung (康陵)||King Seonjo, Queen Uiin (Original), Queen Inmok (Secondary)||14||King: 1630(이장), Original Queen: 1600, Secondary Queen: 1632||One site, two ridge | + | |Gangneung (康陵)||King Seonjo, Queen Uiin (Original), and Queen Inmok (Secondary)||14||King: 1630(이장), Original Queen: 1600, Secondary Queen: 1632||One site, two ridge |
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|Hwireung (徽陵)||Queen Jangnyeol (Injo's Secondary Queen)||16||1688||Single tomb | |Hwireung (徽陵)||Queen Jangnyeol (Injo's Secondary Queen)||16||1688||Single tomb |
2018년 1월 7일 (일) 14:19 판
The Joseon royal tombs are a collection of 40 tombs built from 1408 to 1966 in which 27 generations of Joseon kings and queens are buried. They have been well preserved and demonstrate Confucian values, funerary culture, geomancy, and architecture of the Joseon dynasty. They were selected as a UNESCO World Heritage in 2013.
Tombs played an important role in Joseon society, which was based on Confucianism. Ancestral rituals, which honored the dead, were held multiple times a year. The spirits of the deceased were believed to come back to their tombs during these rituals, and therefore, the tombs needed to be located in auspicious and beautiful locations and maintained in good condition in order to please the spirits. This was more so the case for royal tombs.
The royal tombs are located some distance outside the walls of the Joseon capital, Hanyang, but still within Gyeonggi-do Province (with one exception - the tomb of King Danjong in Yeongwol, Gangwon-do). Their locations were selected based on geomancy – in remote areas with mountains to the back and sides and flowing water to the front. The mound-shaped tombs were located atop a hill and surrounded by trees to protect them from the elements. There are various kinds of tombs styles which were chosen in harmony with the surrounding environment: single tomb (a single mound for a king or queen), twin tomb (king next to queen), triplet tomb (king and two queens), double tomb (king and queen buried in same mound), or “one site, two ridge” with tombs on adjacent hills sharing a ritual house. Each tomb has its own name ending in “-neung” or “-reung,” which means “royal tomb."
A royal tomb has two sections: the burial area and the ritual area. The burial area is located in the back of the complex on a hill, while the ritual area is located in the front, below the hill. The burial area includes the burial mound, a stone platform, a stone lantern, and stone figures of various animals, all surrounded by a low wall in the back and sides. Just below this are two rows of stone statues of civil and military officials and their horses. The ritual area includes a spiked, red entrance gate, a T-shaped ritual house, and various auxiliary buildings. The ritual house has a window along its back wall, through which the burial area can be seen as someone performs a ritual bow.
Locations of the Royal Tombs
Number | Name | Entombed Persons(s) | Generation | Date of Consturction | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
01 Paju Samneung | Gongneung (恭陵) | Queen Jangsun (Yejong's Original Queen) | 08 | 1461, 1471(봉릉) | Single tomb |
Sunneung (順陵) | Queen Gonghye (Seongjong's Original Queen) | 09 | 1474 | Single tomb | |
Yeongneung (永陵) | King Jinjo and Queen Hyosun | Honorary | King: 1728, Queen: 1751, 1776(봉릉) | Twin tomb | |
02 Paju Jangneung | Jangneung (長陵) | King Injo and Queen Innyeol (Main) | 16 | 1731(이장) | Double tomb |
03 Gimpo Jangneung | Jangneung (章陵) | King Wonjong and Queen Inheon | Honorary | King: 1627(이장), Queen: 1626, 1632(봉릉) | Twin tomb |
04 Goyang Seooerung | Changneung (昌陵) | King Yejong and Queen Ansun (Secondary) | 08 | King: 1470, Queen: 1499 | One site, two ridge |
Gyeongneung (敬陵) | King Deokjong and Queen Sohye | Honorary | King: 1457, Queen: 1504 | One site, two ridge | |
Myeongneung (明陵) | Sukjong, Queen Inheon (1st Secondary), and Queen Inwon (2nd Secondary) | 19 | King: 1720, 1st Secondary Queen: 1701, 2nd Secondary Queen: 1757 | One site, two ridge | |
Ingneung (翼陵) | Queen Ingyeong (Sukjong's Original Queen) | 19 | 1680 | Single tomb | |
Hongneung (弘陵) | Queen Jeongseong (Yeongjo's Original Queen) | 21 | 1757 | Single tomb | |
05 Yangju Onneung | Onneung (溫陵) | Queen Dangyeong (Jungjong's Original Queen) | 11 | 1557, 1739(봉릉) | Single tomb |
06 Goyang Seosamneung | Huireung (禧陵) | Queen Janggyeong (Jungjong's 1st Secondary Queen) | 11 | 1537(이장) | Single tomb |
Hyoreung (孝陵) | King Injong and Queen Injeong | 12 | King: 1545, Queen: 1578 | Twin tomb | |
Yereung (睿陵) | King Cheoljong and Queen Cheorin | 25 | King: 1864, Queen: 1878 | Twin tomb | |
07 Seong Jeongneung | Jeongneung (貞陵) | Queen Sindeok (Taejo's Secondary Queen) | 01 | 1409(이장) | Single tomb |
08 Seoul Taereung and Gangneung | Taereung (泰陵) | Queen Mungjeong (Jungjon's 2nd Secondary Queen) | 11 | 1565 | Single tomb |
Gangneung (康陵) | King Myeongjong and Queen Insun | 13 | King:1567, Queen:1575 | Twin tomb | |
09 Seong Uireung | Uireung(懿陵) | King Gyeongjong and Queen Seonui (Secondary) | 20 | King: 1724, Queen: 1730 | One site, above and below |
10 Guri Donggureung | Geonweonneung (健元陵) | King Taejo | 01 | 1408 | Single tomb |
Hyeongneung(顯陵) | King Munjong and Queen Hyeondeok | 05 | King: 1452, Queen: 1513(이장) | One site, two ridge | |
Gangneung (康陵) | King Seonjo, Queen Uiin (Original), and Queen Inmok (Secondary) | 14 | King: 1630(이장), Original Queen: 1600, Secondary Queen: 1632 | One site, two ridge | |
Hwireung (徽陵) | Queen Jangnyeol (Injo's Secondary Queen) | 16 | 1688 | Single tomb | |
Sungneung (崇陵) | King Hyeonjong and Queen Myeongseonf | 18 | King: 1674, Queen: 1684 | Twin tomb | |
Hyereung (惠陵) | Queen Danui (Gyeongjong's Original Queen) | 20 | 1718, 1720(봉릉) | Single tomb | |
Wonneung (元陵) | King Yeongjo and Queen Jeongsun (Secondary) | 21 | King: 1776, Queen: 1805 | Twin tomb | |
Sureung (綏陵) | King Munjo and Queen Sinjeong | Honorary | King: 1855(이장), Queen: 1890 | Double tomb | |
Gyeongreung (景陵) | King Heonjong, Queen Hyohyeon (Original), and Queen Hyojeong (Secondary) | 24 | King: 1849, Original Queen: 1843, Secondary Queen: 1904 | Triplet tomb | |
11 Seoul Seonneung and Jeongneung | Seonneung (宣陵) | King Seongjong and Queen Jeonghyeon (Secondary) | 09 | King: 1495, Queen: 1530 | One site, two ridge |
Jeongneung (靖陵) | King Jungjong | 11 | 1562(이장) | Single tomb | |
12 Seoul Heonneung and Inneung | Heonneung (獻陵) | King Taejong and Queen Wongyeong | 03 | King: 1422, Queen: 1420 | Twin tomb |
Inneung (仁陵) | King Sunjo and Queen Sunwon | 23 | King: 1856(이장), Queen: 1857 | Double tomb | |
13 Namyangju Gwangneung | Gwangneung (光陵) | King Sejo and Queen Jeonghui | 07 | King: 1468, Queen: 1483 | One site, two ridge |
14 Namyangju Sareung | Sareung (思陵) | Queen Jeongsun (Danjong's Queen) | 06 | 1531, 1698(봉릉) | Single tomb |
15 Namyangju Hongneung and Yureung | Hongneung (洪陵) | Emperor Gojong and Empress Myeongseong | 26 | Emperor: 1919, Empress: 1919(이장) | Double tomb |
Yureung (裕陵) | Emperor Sunjong, Empress Sunmyeong (Original), Empress Sunjeong (Secondary) | 27 | Emperor: 1926, Original Empress: 1926(이장), Secondary Empress: 1966 | Double tomb | |
16 Hwaseong Yungneung and Geonneung | Yungneung (隆陵) | King Jangjo and Queen Heongyeong | Honorary | King: 1789(이장), Queen: 1815, 1899(봉릉) | Double tomb |
Geonneung(健陵) | King Jeongjo and Queen Hyoui | 22 | King: 1821(이장), Queen: 1821 | Double tomb | |
17 Yeoju Yeongneung and Yeongneung | Yeongneung (英陵) | King Sejong and Queen Soheon | 04 | 1469(이장) | Double tomb |
Yeongneung (寧陵) | King Hyojong and Queen Inseon | 17 | King: 1673(이장), Queen: 1674 | One site, above and below | |
18 Yeongwol Jangneung | Jangneung (莊陵) | King Danjong | 06 | 1698(봉릉) | Single tomb |
Located in Present-day North Korea | Jereung (齊陵) | Queen Sinui (Taejo's Original Queen) | 01 | 1391, 1392(봉릉) | Single tomb |
Hureung (厚陵) | King Jeongjong and Queen Jeongan | 02 | King: 1420, Queen: 1412 | Twin tomb | |
Misc. | Tomb of Yeonsangun | King Yeonsangun and Queen Geochang | 10 | King: 1512(이장), Queen: 1537 | Twin tomb |
Tomb of Gwanghaegun | King Gwanghaegun and Queen Munseong | 15 | King: 1641, Queen: 1623 | Twin tomb |
Related Articles
References
- Koehler, Robert. 2011. Joseon's Royal Heritage: 500 Years of Splendor. Seoul Selection. p. 56-71.