2018년 7월 26일 (목) 14:49 판

Management in Goryeo Dynasty, The stage of the Gaeseong merchant - Byeongnando

The Gaeseong merchant of the Goryeo Dynasty traded with different foreign countries through Byeongnando. It is also called 'Yeseong Port' and government officers were also hosted in the Byeongnando.^[1]

2018 GGHS 9Team Members

Management of the Gaeseong merchant in Goryeo Dynasty

During the Goryeo Dynasty, The trade was flourished by Gaeseong merchants beacuse of the frequent public and private trade with foreign merchantsas through 'Yeseonggang international port' that based in Byeongnando entrance.

Especially, ginseng was one of the highest traded product. Ginseng has cultivated in the Korean peninsula since the three Kingdoms era. During the unification of the later three Kingdoms, the ginseng that was grown on the Korean peninsula, was commonly called by Korean ginseng. In addition to that the Ginseng that was prdouced in Gaesong province has beacome famous since the middle of Goryeo period as it was the representative cultivation area of Korean ginseng.

^[2]

Byeongnando

Byeongnando is an international trade port of East Asia in the Goryeo Dynasty that was located in the lower part of Yeosong River in Hwanghae Province. Originally, Song people called it "Yesung Hang" that was called before as the entrance of Yesung river,and it was frequently destinated place for trade by song merchants as well as japan and other merchants form south and west areas. Especially at that time, 'korea' was created by interacting with Arabian merchants. In addition to being international trade port, it was also the gateway to Goryeo, which must be visited to go abroad or enter the country. The importance of Byeongnando has been increased as it was designated as national road to Kaesong and according to the modification of the road network. Furthermore, being an international port increased the importance of Byeongnando. In addition, government officers were also hosted in the Byeongnando that was located in Byeongnando.

In Goryeo, mainly noble and royal goods were imported,

그 자료로는 『고려의 예로부터 전해 오는 유서에, 매양 사신이 이르게 되면 사람들이 모여 큰 저자를 이루고 온갖 물품과 재화를 나열하는데, 붉고 검은 비단은 모두 화려하고 좋도록 하려고 힘쓴다. 그러나 금과 은으로 만든 그릇은 모두 왕부의 것을 때에 맞추어 진열한 것이지 실제로 그 풍속이 그런 것은 아니다. 관청이나 대관 때의 심부름꾼들은 이런 것을 볼 수 있었는데, 지금은 그렇지 않다. 대개 그 풍속이 사람이 살면서 장사하는 가옥은 없고 오직 한낮에 시장을 벌여 남녀, 노소, 관리 등 재치 있는 기술자들이 각기 자기가 가진 것으로써 교역하고, 돈을 사용하지 않는다.』 고 적혀져있다.

Goryeo mainly imported items from the nobility and royal families.It says, In a note handed down from the Goryeo Dynasty, people would gather together to make a great author and list all kinds of articles and goods. All the gold and silver vessels, however, were timely displays, not the custom. These were things that government or great office messengers could see, but not now. Usually, the custom is that there are no houses where people live and sell, but they open a market in the middle of the day. Smart engineers such as men and women, young people, and management trade and do not spend money on what they have.

As for the data, "When the god of death arrives from the Goryeo period, people come together to form a great author and list all kinds of goods and goods, and the red and black silk tries to make everything brilliant and good. However, all the vessels made of gold and silver are displayed at the exact time of the king 's, not the custom. Errands at the office or government were able to see this, but now it is not. Mostly, there is no house where people live in the customs, but only the midday market is opened, and men and women, old people, management, and other wise technicians are traded by their own and do not use money

Exports and Imports

Goryeo Exports

• Agricultural tools, grain, drape, stationery, gold, silver, najeon, hwamunseok, ginseng

Goryeo imports

• Jurchen imports - silver, fur, and horses

• Liao Dynasty imports - silver, fur, and horses

• Song Imports - silk, medicine, books, and porcelain

• Japan imports- pearl, Mercury, and sulfur

• Tamna Imports - Mercury, Flavor and Coral

Advantage of Location

Byrullando was the gateway to Gaegyeong, the capital of Goryeo. It was also a port on the estuary of the Ye Sung River, so it was easy to trade and it was connected also to the sea. Not only that but also the water was too deep to allow even the huge ships to get through.

Transportation was convenient as it is located between Song and japan. At that time, trading by sea route was widespread due to the Khitan and Jurchen. ^[3]

References

1. ↑ Lee, Shin Hee. 2018. History of Goryeo.
2. ↑ Korean National Culture Encyclopedia
3. ↑ 고려도경 27권