2018 GGHS Team 7

Topic

Educational Institution of Goryeo and Current Education Institution

Introduce

Ⅰ Introdution １。background of a topic:　The topic we chose for our study in this global camp is the Comparison of educational institutions of Goryeo with those of modern educational institutions.

We were a team of people who wanted to pursue career path toward education, and as this year marks the 1100st anniversary of the foundation of Goryeo, we wanted to learn more about education and Goryeo. How different is it from the education, the environment, the education policy, and the considerations we are learning?

Also, comparing education of Goryeo and present time of education 1,100 years ago, we can learn and criticize points, and think about our own way of doing research within the big framework of education. So, in order to find out the similarities and differences between education in Goryeo and modern times, the theme was ' Comparison of education institutions and modern institutions '. Based on this topic, we will study about the educational institution of Goryeo and the modern educational institution, compare and analyze two pieces of information, and learn about the similarities, differences, etc.

What are the similarities and differences between education in our country now and the education policy of Goryeo about 1000 years ago? First of all, studies that were popular during the Goryeo Dynasty were studying abroad. The educational institution of Goryeo and its education policy were established with the focus on studying abroad, and officials were selected through overseas education.

Therefore, studying abroad has had a great impact on education policy. In addition, although there is a distance of 1000 years between Korea and Korea, there is common ground in their education policy, whereas there is also a difference between them. We are going to find out more by comparing education of Goryeo with education of Korea and Korea at present.

Through this study, we thought we could get a little closer to our common path, ' education. ' I also thought that since this year marks the 1100th anniversary of the foundation of Goryeo, studying the education of Goryeo would be meaningful in getting closer to Goryeo. Although the Goryeo period education is not entirely flawless because it exists in the past over 1000 years ago, it is an age of great respect for education policy of Goryeo and modern educational institution. Through this study we can learn from the old or the educational system because we can expect more from the old than from the old, as it is all old, not bad, and not bad. Also, the direction of education in the field of individual career, environment and how we should be educated can be developed as a better educator.

Body

Ⅱ Body

1. A Comparative Analysis of National University of Goryeo; Gukjagam and current university education

-Gukjagam: The Kukjagam is a national university established during the Goryeo Dynasty to cultivate the talent needed by the nation.

Its name changed to Sungkyunkwan and only maintained in the National University, but lose its function during Japanese occupation. And Keijō Imperial University of the time as a parent, gaining independence from Japan and across the country by the first national universities : Seoul National University was founded in the National University began to arise. Currently, there are 24 universities, 8 industrial universities, 11 education universities and 6 professional universities in the South.

• Composition :

The Gukjagam was equipped with munmyo that takes care of Gongja and The undergraduate degree that learned study.

The undergraduate degree had Donghwa, students ' dormitory, and Yanghyeon, who was in charge of providing food for the students. Compared to the national university departments, there is no room for Gongja, but a bachelor's degree can play the role of a classroom, and Yang Hyeon-goo, a student cafeteria in Jae-gi, is exist in not just a national university but many educational institution.

• Organization and admission requirements :

The undergraduate program can be broadly divided into the overseas study department and the technical department.The entrance requirements of the overseas study department were mostly for the noble ; Ladle majors were for the three classes of literary officers, universities were for the five classes or over, and universities with seven or more degrees ; and technical departments with Yulhak·sanhak·suhak were for eight or lower.

In contrast, South Korea is currently divided into independent private schools, specialized high schools, general schools, and specialized schools, where students can take different majors from higher education. When comparing entrance requirements, the qualification of students studying abroad is limited to those of the nobility, but in South Korea, primary and secondary education is mandatory, and high school students are admitted to a higher education. This allows all students to be given equal opportunities for education. And universities are choice of those who have completed higher education. They enter universities that meet their qualifications for admission.

• Age of Class : Because the direct purpose of going to college was to prepare for the test, there was no need for further education once they passed.

Therefore, setting a period of teaching did not mean much. However, an upper limit was set for those who did not pass in the test. He attended school for nine years as a student, six years as a student of Yulsang, and had no chance of success or pass in the test.

On the other hand, the purpose of entering South Korean universities is a deep exploration of most individuals ' dream accomplishments and interests, not passing the test. They do not require students to be expelled from school because they have low grades, but they need to take the necessary credits to graduate from college.

• Classes and curriculum :

Subjects and finish period of 『nona』,『hyogyeong』 were a year, and 『sangsu』,『gongyangjun』,gokryangjun』 were a year and half, 『juyuk 』,『mosi』,『jurye』,『formality』were 2 years each. and 『yeagi』,『juajun』were 3 years.

This term refers to the longest term, which can be shortened depending on one's ability and the choice of a secretary to major in is believed to have been made on the basis of hope. The curriculum included the subject that were mentioned. And the major subject could not be transferred to the next stage unless one of the courses was completed in full. In contrast, unlike the international university, which consists mainly of studying abroad, South Korean universities are currently comprised of several majors, including humanities, nature, management, teachers, and medical studies, enabling students to choose courses according to their wishes. Also, South Korean universities can not graduate because they do not approve of their majors if they do not take the required majors while completing only the optional majors. Also, because there are separate education required credits for graduation credits, one must take two credits to graduate.

2. A Comparative Analysis of Private Education; munhungongdo and Current Private Education

•Course offerings by field

The ‘Mun hun gong do’ opened specialized courses after dividing them into nine different types of courses, including Ak-sung(樂聖)·Dae-zhong(大中)·Seong-ming(誠明) etc. As a result, the function of private schools has been expanded, which has caused national school to lose its popularity. The ‘Mun hun gong do’ is similar to the current private schools and academies, particularly those that rely on private education to improve school grades. As the national school ‘Guk ja gam’ executed some policies to encourage national schools, present schools are also now establishing after-school classes and college admissions.

•The central course and other additional subjects

And they also distinguished students from their studies by name, especially around nine-gyeong or three-sa. And also made them to study Si-bu(詩賦)·Sa-Jang(詞章) together. Nowadays, however, there are many other academies which are not only focusing on literature but also specific technology. Such as computer, cooking or make up

•Prospection and operator

The ‘mun hun gong do’ was very prosperous and numerous during the Goryeo Dynasty, and the number of private school has built during that time and most of them also become flourished. Also, the Yushin who established that private schools were high officials and most of them were great scholars representing the time. Similarly, in private schools today, students can have a class with famous teachers too. However, the difference is that anybody can run private schools because there is no sta nowadays, and not all private academies have famous teachers.

•Prospection and operator

The ‘mun hun gong do’ was very prosperous and numerous during the Goryeo Dynasty, and the number of private school has built during that time and most of them also become flourished. Also, the Yushin who established that private schools were high officials and most of them were great scholars representing the time. Similarly, in private schools today, students can have a class with famous teachers too. However, the difference is that anybody can run private schools because there is no sta nowadays, and not all private academies have famous teachers.

3. The Function and Degradation of Hyanggyo

Hyanggyo：　Hyanggyo is a provincial education school with a secondary education level to educate students in the region for five years of the Goryeo race.

After Wang Gun, the kings of ancient times tried to organize the political power structure by placing Confucianism, the new political ideology, at the center of the new social order. Against this backdrop, the need for Hyanggyo emerged when not only the royal family's political structure but also ordinary people's political will to spread the Confucian ideology. Admissions Qualification - Those with less than eight degrees were allowed to enter the school, and those with less than eight degrees were allowed to enter the Kukjagam if excellent. education Purpose - To spread Confucianism and educate local people

• Education Course in Hyanggyo:

Hyanggyo's subjects include " Sajanghak, " which writes poetry and prose, and " Gyeong-hak, " where students study Confucian scriptures. Gyeong-hak also taught not only the scriptures but also the  " 사서 = (fraud). "The content of the Hyanggyo system was supposed to have a certain relationship with the 과거 system. For example, the “원전법” is applied to those who attend the Confucian school for a certain period of time. In addition, the intended number of successful applicants for Hyangsi can be understood in the same context. The table below is for the number of people who are expected to pass Hyangsi and the number of gardens at Hyanggyo. As shown in the table, there is a difference in the test rate between Seoul and the provinces. Even though the Hyanggyo has the institutional function to train its authorities, its doors seem to be far from Hanyang, which is dominated by its ruling class.

This phenomenon can also be seen as an attempt to achieve certain political goals by granting education opportunities to ordinary people in the base layer.

• The educational function decline of Hyanggyo:

Lastly, ' Hyanggyo was established during the Goryeo Dynasty and entered the Joseon Dynasty to foster and develop the Confucian spirit of Shinjinsadaeboo, a new class of politics, but During the late Joseon Dynasty, the children of yangban avoided admission or lacked national interest, and the function of hyanggyo declined due to the emergence of another educational institution, Seowon.

Conclusion

Ⅲ Conclusion

1. significance: Gukjagam has the significance of establishing the reproduction structure of the government based on the readjustment of the political system and the social status order.

- Entrance Requirements

The entrance requirements of the overseas study department were mostly for the noble and the poor ; Ladle majors were for the three classes of literary officers, universities with five or more arms, and universities with seven or more degrees ; and technical departments with Yulmyeong and universities. In the modern era, however, free education can all be equally educated and different majors can be studied from high school.

- Expulsion from school and lecture organization

Also, because of low grades, it can be organized classes according to they wish, and pass the course again if they have an optional course.

- Criteria for examination

In the past, applicants had to pass the national preliminary exam and be qualified only when they passed the examination at the international school. However, students who attend the international school for three years were able to see the test regardless of grades.

- Munhungongdo

- Operating standards and admission criteria

It was not allowed to operate Munhungongdo according to its status in Goryeo, but it was allowed to operate regardless of its social status.

- Purpose of education

It is not about the spread of studying abroad and the rehabilitation of local residents, but in modern times, it is about learning to realize one's dream or deepen one's interest.

- Hyanggyo

- Course contents

Hyanggyo chose to study " Sajiang " and " Gyeong-hak, " in which wrote poems and prose, but these days has been studying for free education until elementary and middle schools Gyeong-hak also taught not only the scriptures but also the words " saseo=sagi " Now, however, we are studying various subjects such as morality and ethics based on a free education system.

2. Limit: As Goryeo is currently 1,100 years apart from Korean education, there is considerable difference in academic and national studies. - entrance requirements First of all, there were limitations in admission to Goryeo education. As can be seen above, most of those who went into government service or those who entered high office were admitted.

This seems to have originated from past qualifications for taking examinations. In fact, most of the students who could apply for the liberal arts (there is no the military arts during the Goryeo Dynasty) were from the nobility, while most of the applicants for the department were from ordinary people or middle-aged people. This is why it took a lot of effort and time for ordinary people to take the test. However, it is understandable why the number of commoners ' enrollments in Korea was so small considering their lifestyle when they had to concentrate on farming. Also, the fact that women are admitted at a certain price will be included in the gender discrimination factor.

- Operation of departments

At that time, the department of Goryeo Dynasty was not an education that was shared with technology as it is today. It tended to provide technical skills and to train separately only in the relevant offices. Indeed, the lessons taught at the international school were mainly from the holy book, such as studying abroad, which is not technical. There were no various departments as it is now, and only departments related to Confucianism were opened and the purpose of studying them was to test in the past.

Resources

• Ganghwa Girl's High School Homepage
• Kim, Hyeon. 2018. "2018 Global Ganghwa Forum." 2018 Ganghwa Girl's High School Global Issues Forum.