문장 21 - 25

Original Script

21. 兄弟: 長曰兄季曰弟比之木則同根也比之雁則同行也兄弟之情友愛而已

22. 君臣: 君臣之間以義合者也君視臣如手足臣視君如元首爲臣之道忠良而已

23. 師: 敎我者爲師非師無以學問是故古之學者尊師君父

24. 文學: 人而不學不知道理無異禽獸故聖人乃制文學以敎人使知三綱五倫孝悌禮義廉恥之道

25. 讀書: 讀書之時一其心志勿思雜慮敬對方冊日夜勤讀眼慣口熟自可渙然也

Translation

Student 1 : Sanghoon Na

---

21. 兄弟: 長曰兄季曰弟比之木則同根也比之雁則同行也兄弟之情友愛而已

Brothers: The elder is called hyŏng(Ch. xiong), and the younger is called che(Ch. di). Comparing them to trees, then [they are from] the same roots. Comparing them to wild geese, [they fly in] the same row. The affection of brothers is just {00 or "no other than 00} the fraternal love.

Edited:

Brothers: The elder is called hyŏng(Ch. xiong), and the younger is called che(Ch. di). Comparing them to trees, then [they are from] the same roots. Comparing them to wild geese, [they fly in] the same row. The affection of brothers is no other than the fraternal love.

22. 君臣: 君臣之間以義合者也君視臣如手足臣視君如元首爲臣之道忠良而已

Ruler and Subject: Relationship between ruler and subject is tied by righteousness. The ruler sees subjects as [his] hands and feet. Subjects see the ruler as the chief head. The [proper] conduct for subject's way is only {00 or "no other than"00} loyalty and capability.

Edited:

Ruler and Subject: Relationship between ruler and subject is tied by righteousness. The ruler sees subjects as [his] hands and feet. Subjects see the ruler as the chief head. The [proper] conduct for subject's way is no other than loyalty and capability.

23. 師: 敎我者爲師非師無以學問是故古之學者尊師君父

Master: The one who teaches me is a master {%%teacher%%}. Without a master, there would be no learning and inquiring. For this reason, learners in old days revered [their] master like ruler and father.

Edited:

Teacher: The one who teaches me is a teacher. Without a master, there would be no learning and inquiring. For this reason, learners in old days revered [their] master like ruler and father.

24. 文學: 人而不學不知道理無異禽獸故聖人乃制文學以敎人使知三綱五倫孝悌禮義廉恥之道

Writings {00 or "literary learning" 00}: Those who, as human beings, do not learn do not know the moral principles and are no different from birds and beasts. Therefore, the sage then made writings, with which they taught people to know the Three Bonds and the Five Relations, filiality and fraternity, propriety and justice, and {^the way of^} honesty and honor.

Edited:

Literary learning: Those who, as human beings, do not learn do not know the moral principles and are no different from birds and beasts. Therefore, the sage then made writings, with which they taught people to know the Three Bonds and the Five Relations, the way of filiality and fraternity, propriety and justice, and honesty and honor.

25. 讀書: 讀書之時一其心志勿思雜慮敬對方冊日夜勤讀眼慣口熟自可渙然也

Reading: When reading books, unify {00 or concentrate00} your mind and will. Do not brood on desultory thoughts. Respectfully face the books. Day and night diligently read. Make the eyes and mouth accustomed to it, and [you will] automatically be enlightened.

Edited:

Reading: When reading books, concentrate your mind and will. Do not brood on desultory thoughts. Respectfully face the books. Day and night diligently read. Make the eyes and mouth accustomed to it, and [you will] automatically be enlightened.

Student 2 : Younès M'Ghari

---

21. 兄弟: 長曰兄季曰弟比之木則同根也比之雁則同行也兄弟之情友愛而已

The elder is called older brother {^[hyŏng]^}, the second {%%younger%%} is called younger brother {^[che]^}. If you compare them to trees, then they share the roots. If you compare them to geese, then they share the [flying] lines. The sentiment between older brother and younger brother is merely {%%no other than%%}brotherly affection.

22. 君臣: 君臣之間以義合者也君視臣如手足臣視君如元首爲臣之道忠良而已

The relationship between ruler and subject in which they are linked by righteousness, the ruler sees the subject as the {%%his own%%}hands and feet, the subject sees the ruler as the {%%his%%}head; the way of being a subject is merely {%% no other than%%} to be loyal and upright {00 or "capable" 00}.

23. 師: 敎我者爲師非師無以學問是故古之學者尊師君父

The one who teaches me is a teacher. Without a teacher there is no way to learn and ask. For this reason, one who learnt {%%students of the old days%%} respect the teacher like ruler and father.

24. 文學: 人而不學不知道理無異禽獸故聖人乃制文學以敎人使知三綱五倫孝悌禮義廉恥之道

If one does not learn, he will not know the Way and the Principle¹ and will not be far from birds and beasts. Thus the sages established learning through literature that educates people and lets them know the Way of the 3 cardinal virtues and 5 cardinal relationships, filiality and fraternity, rites and morals, {^the way of^} honor and humility.

25. 讀書: 讀書之時一其心志勿思雜慮敬對方冊日夜勤讀眼慣口熟自可渙然也

When reading (out loud), unify your heart² and your intention. Do not think about miscellaneous considerations, respect and face ancient books, diligently read day and night, get your eyes used and your mouth familiar [to the readings] and it can automatically become apparent.

¹: 'Dao Li' (Chinese: 道理) could be interpreted as the 'Principle of the Way'.

²: Often directly translated as the 'mind'.

Student 3 : Petra Sváková

---

21. 兄弟: 長曰兄季曰弟比之木則同根也比之雁則同行也兄弟之情友愛而已

Older and Younger Brothers: The elder is called older brother {[^hyŏng]^}, the younger is called younger brother {^[che]^}. If compared to trees, then they share the roots. If compared to wild geese, then they share the path. Brotherly affection (affection between older and younger brother {O which one would be more appropriate?O --> 00the latter00} is just {%%no other than%%}comradely love.

Corrected text:

Older and Younger Brothers: The elder is called older brother 'hyŏng]', the younger is called younger brother 'che'. If compared to trees, then they share the roots. If compared to wild geese, then they share the path. Affection between older and younger brother is no other than comradely love.

22. 君臣: 君臣之間以義合者也君視臣如手足臣視君如元首爲臣之道忠良而已

Ruler and Subject: [The relationship] which is between the ruler and subject is put up with righteousness. The ruler sees the subject as [his own] hands and legs, and the subject sees the ruler as the head [of the country]. The way of being subject is just that of being loyal and virtuous.

23. 師: 敎我者爲師非師無以學問是故古之學者尊師君父

Teachers: The one who teaches me is a teacher and without the teacher, there would be no way to learn and ask. For this reason, those who learned in the ancient times respected [their] teachers like [their] rulers and fathers.

24. 文學: 人而不學不知道理無異禽獸故聖人乃制文學以敎人使知三綱五倫孝悌禮義廉恥之道

Writing and Learning: If a person does not learn, he does not know the Way and the Principle and [thus] he is not different from birds and beasts. For this reason, the sages thereby established the writing and the learning with [which] they taught people, and let [them] know the Way of the Three Bonds¹ and the Five Relationships², filial piety, fraternity, rites, righteousness, {^the way of^}honesty and honor.

Corrected text:

Writing and Learning: If a person does not learn, he does not know the Way and the Principle and [thus] he is not different from birds and beasts. For this reason, the sages thereby established the writing and the learning with [which] they taught people, and let [them] know the Way of the Three Bonds¹ and the Five Relationships², filial piety, fraternity, rites, righteousness, the way of honesty and honor.

25. 讀書: 讀書之時一其心志勿思雜慮敬對方冊日夜勤讀眼慣口熟自可渙然也

Reading Books (aloud): At the time of reading books (aloud), unify your mind and intention, do not think of random concerns, and respectfully face the books. Day and night, read [them aloud] diligently [so that] your eyes get used [to it] and your mouth gets familiar [with it]. [Then the books] will become apparent by themselves.

¹ The Three Bonds are between ruler and subject, father and son, husband and wife.

² The Five Relationships are between ruler and subject, father and son, husband and wife, between brothers and between friends.

Student 4 : (Write your name)

---

21. 兄弟: 長曰兄季曰弟比之木則同根也比之雁則同行也兄弟之情友愛而已

Elder and Younger Brothers – The elder is called the elder brother {^[hyŏng]^}, and the second {%%younger%%} is called the younger brother {^[che}^}. Likened to trees, then [they] share roots. Likened to wild geese, they share the same path. The affection of elder and younger brother is just that of fraternal love.

22. 君臣: 君臣之間以義合者也君視臣如手足臣視君如元首爲臣之道忠良而已

Lords and Ministers – Lords and ministers are brought together by righteousness. The lord sees the minister as hands and feet. The minister sees the lord as [the] authority and head. To fulfill the Way of the minister {%%the way to be a minister%%} is just that of being loyal and being capable.

23. 師: 敎我者爲師非師無以學問是故古之學者尊師君父

Teachers – The one who educates me is the teacher. Without a teacher there is no way to learn and ask. This is why those who learned in the past respected teachers like lords and fathers.

24. 文學: 人而不學不知道理無異禽獸故聖人乃制文學以敎人使知三綱五倫孝悌禮義廉恥之道

Writing¹ and Learning {00 or Literary learning / Learning through literature 00}– [To be] a person and not learn [is to] not know the Way and [moral] principles and has no difference [from] birds and beasts. [This is] the reason sages then made written culture {%%writing / writing script%%} and learning to educate people and cause them to know the Way of the three links² and five relationships, filial piety and fraternal love, rites and righteousness, and {^ the way of^} sincerity and honor.

¹ 文 [K: mun; C: mun] indicates significant and important things that comprise written culture, not just writing.

² The ruler leads the minister, the father leads the son, and the husband leads the wife.

25. 讀書: 讀書之時一其心志勿思雜慮敬對方冊日夜勤讀眼慣口熟自可渙然也

Reading [Out Loud] Books - When reading [out loud] books, make one the heart and mind, do not think random thoughts, [show] respect facing the books, day and night diligently read [out loud and let] eyes accustom [themselves] and the mouth familiarize [itself] {^to the books^}, [then the books] themselves can melt {00? light up / become bright00} like so [to reveal their meaning].

Edited Sections:

21. Elder and Younger [Brothers] – The elder is called "hyŏng"[C: xiong] and the younger is called "che" [C: di]. Likened to trees, then [they] share roots. Likened to wild geese, they share the same path. The affection of elder and younger is just that of fraternal love.

22. Lords and Ministers – Lords and ministers are brought together by righteousness. The lord sees the minister as hands and feet. The minister sees the lord as [the] authority and head. The way to be a minister is just that of being loyal and being capable.

24. Writing and Literary Learning – [To be] a person and not learn [is to] not know the Way and [moral] principles and has no difference [from] birds and beasts. [This is] the reason sages then made written script and learning, to educate people and cause them to know the Way of the three links and five relationships, filial piety and fraternal love, rites and righteousness, and the way of sincerity and honor.

25. Reading [Out Loud] Books - When reading [out loud] books, make one the heart and mind, do not think random thoughts, [show] respect facing the books, day and night diligently read [out loud and let] eyes accustom [themselves] and the mouth familiarize [itself] {^to the books^}, [then the books] themselves can illumine [their meaning] like so.

Student 5 : (Jae Yong Chang)

---

21. 兄弟: 長曰兄, 季曰弟, 比之木, 同根也. 比之雁, 則同行也. 兄弟之情, 友愛而已

Elder and Younger brothers: The elder is called “hyong,” and the second [younger] is called “che.” Comparing them to trees, then they share roots. Comparing them to wild geese, they share the same way. The sentiment of elder and younger brothers is just {00 or no other than00} the fraternal love.

22. 君臣: 君臣之間, 以義合者也. 君視臣如手足, 臣視君如元首, 爲臣之道, 忠良而已

Ruler and subject: Between the ruler and the subject, they are combined together with righteousness. The ruler sees the subject as his own hand and feet, the subject sees the ruler as his commander {%%head%%}. The way of being a subject is just to be loyal and capable.

23. 師: 敎我者爲師. 非師無以學問. 是故古之學者, 尊師君父

The one who teaches me becomes {%% is %%} a teacher. Without a teacher, there is no way for learning and asking. Therefore, the one who is learning {%%learned%%} in ancient times respects the teacher like the ruler and the father.

24. 文學: 人而不學, 不知道理. 無異禽獸. 故, 聖人乃制文學以敎. 人使知三綱五倫, 孝悌禮義廉恥之道

If a people do not learn, [he/she] does not know the Way of the Principle. [It is] not different from birds and beasts. Therefore, Sage made writing and learning with which taught the people. Let them know the Way of the three cardinal virtues and five cardinal relationships; filial piety, fraternity, rites, righteousness, {^and the way of^} honor, and humility.

25. 讀書: 讀書之時, 一其心志. 勿思雜慮, 敬對方冊. 日夜勤讀, 眼慣口熟, 自可渙然也

When [you are] reading a writing, make your heart-mind and intention to be united. Don’t think of unimportant and respect and face ancient records [or books]. All days, day and night, read them diligently and get {^them^} used to your eyes and to your mouth. Then, it is able to become clear.

Student 6 : (Goeun Lee)

21. 長曰兄 季曰弟 比之木 則同根也 比之雁則同行也 兄弟之情 友愛而已

The old is called an older brother {^hyŏng^}, the subordinate {%%younger%%} is called a younger brother {^che^}. To compare them to trees, [they are from] the same root. To compare them to wild geese, [they] go together {%%share the same line%%}. Sentiments between brothers [should be] friendly and amiable. That's all.

22. 君臣之間 以義合者也 君視臣如手足 臣視君如元首 爲臣之道 忠良而已

[The relationship] between rulers and subjects are put together with righteousness. A ruler regards his subjects as his (own) hand and foot; subjects regard rulers as their (own) primary head. [The way of] being a subject [should be] loyal and capable. That’s all.

23. 師: 敎我者爲師, 非師無以學問, 是故, 古之學者, 尊師如君父

Teacher: The one who teaches me is teacher. Without a teacher, there is no way to learn and ask. Therefore, educated people in the old days respected teachers like their ruler and father.

24. 文學: 人而不學, 不知道理, 無異禽獸, 故聖人, 乃制文學以敎人, 使知三綱五倫,孝悌禮義,廉恥之道

{^Learning through literature: ^} If people do not learn, they do not know the Way 道 and the Principle 理 . [Such are] {^and are^} not different from birds and beasts. For this reason, sages 1) thereby created writing and taught people, so that they know the three bonds and five relationships.

25. 讀書: 讀書之時 一其心志 勿思雜慮 敬對方冊 日夜勤讀 眼慣口熟 自可渙然也

{^Reading books: ^} At the time of reading books, unite your mind and intention. Do not think about miscellaneous concerns; pay respect towards {00 good!00} books. Day and night, diligently read [your books]; [as they become] familiar to your eyes and mouth, [then] the book itself can be understood clearly.

1) Legendary figures who are believed to create Chinese letters: 伏羲, 朱襄, 倉頡, 沮誦, 梵·怯廬. {00 Cangjie 倉頡 is the one who is attributed to have created writing.00}

---

Student 7 : (Alexandre Le Marchand)

---

21) 21. 兄弟: 長曰兄季曰弟比之木則同根也比之雁則同行也兄弟之情友愛而已

The elder is called older brother and the younger is called little brother, if we compare it to tree, they share the same roots and if we compare it to flying gooses they share the same direction leading by a head and followed by corps. The affection between older and younger brother is a feeling of companionship sense of love.

22) 22. 君臣: 君臣之間 以義合者也君視臣如手足臣視君如元首爲臣之道忠良而已 The relation between lords and ministers is made in order they are gathered by the sense of a rightness conduct. Lords consider misters as his own hands and feet as well ministers consider lords as the upper head. The way lords and ministers have relations means nothing but being loyal and good.

23. 師: 敎我者爲師 非師無以學問 是故古之學者 尊師君父 The one who teach me is a teacher, without him I couldn’t learn and ask. For this reason, the primal scholars respected teachers as lord or father.

24. 文學: 人而不學 不知道理 無異禽獸 故聖人乃制文學以敎人 使知三綱五倫 孝悌禮義 廉恥之道 If someone is human and do not studies, then he does not know the principle of the way and he is not different from beasts and gooses. For this reason the sages created literature which educated humans. It makes them know the way of the three relations, the five fundamentals relations, filial piety, brotherhood, rites and virtue, humble and modesty.

25. 讀書: 讀書之時 一其心志 勿思雜慮 敬對方冊 日夜勤讀 眼慣口熟 自可渙然也 When you read out loud, do make converge your mind and your desire but do not think about insignificant things. Face respectfully the book, if you work hard night and day then your eyes will get use to do it and your mouth will get to maturity. You will be able to become apparent.

Student 8 : Bryan Sauvadet

---

21. 兄弟: 長曰兄, 季曰弟, 比之木則同根也, 比之雁則同行也, 兄弟之情友愛而已

The older is calling ‘older brother’; the second one is calling ‘little brother’. Compare them to tress, they share the roots, like the birds they share a line of flight. The affection between young and older brothers is just companionship type of love.

22. 君臣: 君臣之間以義合者也君視臣如手足臣視君如元首爲臣之道忠良而已

Between the ruler and the subject, they are place together with righteousness. The ruler sees the subject like his hands and legs, the subject see the ruler as the head. The way of being the subject is just to be loyal and capable.

23. 師: 敎我者爲師, 非師無以學問, 是故古之學者, 尊師君父

The one who teaches me is a teacher. Without teacher, there is no way to learn and ask. For this reason, who learn in the ancient times, respect teachers like rulers and father

24. 文學: 人而不學, 不知道理, 無異禽獸, 故聖人乃制文學以敎人, 使知三綱五倫孝悌禮義, 廉恥之道

People who don’t study, they don’t know the principal of the way. There ‘is no different birds and beast. Therefore, by teaching The sages instigates people the literary, the three bones and the five relationship, filial piety, filial love, right, rightness, the way to honesty and humility.

25. 讀書: 讀書之時, 一其心志, 勿思雜慮, 敬對方冊, 日夜勤讀, 眼慣口熟, 自可渙然也

In the time of reading texts out loud, you unified your heart-mind and intentions, do not think unimportant concerns, you honor facing of ancient records, day and night you study diligently, that is a custom for your eyes will be familiar for your mouth, the book by itself become apparent.

Student 9 : HeeJin Lee

---

21. The eldest [is] called elder brother / The second [is] called younger brother / [If] it [is] compared [to] trees then [it is like] sharing roots / [If] it [is] compared [to] geese then [it is like] sharing the line

22. Between ruler [and] subject [,] that [relationship] is combined by means of righteousness / The ruler sees the subject as [his] hands [and] feet / The subject sees the ruler as [his] head / The way of becoming a subject [is by] loyalty [and] ability and that is all

23. The one who teaches me is the teacher / If it weren't for the teacher [I] cannot learn [and] ask / For this reason those who were learned in the past / Respected teachers like rulers [and] fathers

24. [If] you are a man but do not study / [Then you do] not know the way [and] principles / [And are] no different from birds [and] beasts / And so the sages thereby made learning [through] writing / For teaching people / To let [them] know the Three Obediences [,] the Five Relations [,] filality [and] fraternity [,] rites [and] righteousness [,] [and] the way of honesty [and] shame

25.When reading / Make into one [your] mind [and] intention / Do not think unimportant thoughts / Respect [in] facing books / [In the] day [and] night carefully read / [So that] the eyes [and] mouth [may each] familiarize [the text] / [so that the text] itself can [become] apparent

Student 10 : Jelena Gledić

---

21. Older and younger brother:

The elder is called older brother {00 hyŏng 00}, the younger is called younger brother {00 che 00}. If compared to trees, they have the same root. If compared to wild geese, they have the same path. The sentiment between older and younger brother is {^no other than^} that of camaraderie.

22. Ruler and minister:

The relationship between ruler and minister is bound through righteousness. The ruler sees the minister as his hands and feet. The minister sees the ruler as the primary head. The way of being a minister is {^no other than^} that of loyalty and aptitude.

23. Teacher:

The one who teaches me is a teacher. Without teachers, there is no learning. For this reason, in the past those who learned respected teachers as rulers and fathers.

24. Studying:

If man does not learn he does not know the reasoning of the way and is no different than the birds and the beasts. The sages of old thus made studying with which to teach people, so that they know the Three Bonds and Five Relationships, filiality, fraternity, rites, {^and the way of^} righteousness and honor.

25. Reading:

When one reads, mind and intent should be united. One should not think of random matters. One should respectfully face the book, day and night, diligently and carefully. The eyes should get used to it and the mouth should become familiar with it. [Then] the self can become apparent.

---

Student 12 : (Write your name)

---

21. Brothers: The older are called hyŏng. The second to him are called che. This can be compared to the trees that share the same root. This can be compared to the wild geese that fly in the same line. The affection between brothers is brotherly affection. That is all.

22. Ruler and subject: (In the relationship) between rulers and subjects, they are put together by righteousness. Rulers regard their subjects as their hands and feet. Subjects think of their ruler as the supreme figure (of the country). The way of becoming subjects is loyalty and capability. That is all.

23. Teacher: The one who teaches me is a teacher. Without a teacher, there is no way you (could) learn or ask. For this reason, the learners in the ancient time respected (their) teachers like (their) ruler and father.

24. Literary learning: If people do not learn, they do not know the principle of the universe and are not unlike wild animals. Therefore, sages made literary learning. By teaching people, the sages let the people know the three fundamental principles (samgang), five disciplines in human relations (oryun), filial piety and brotherly affection (hyoje), propriety (yeŭi), and the way of integrity and honor (yŏmch’ui).

25. Reading: When you read texts, have your mind and intention become one and do not have unimportant thoughts. Respectfully, you face books and carefully read them day and night. Once you get used to the texts with your eyes and mouth, your curiosity will be naturally satisfied (the book itself will naturally become clear).

• 渙然: the word itself has a meaning of having one’s curiosity gratified

---