문장 21 - 25

Original Script

21. 兄弟: 長曰兄季曰弟比之木則同根也比之雁則同行也兄弟之情友愛而已

22. 君臣: 君臣之間以義合者也君視臣如手足臣視君如元首爲臣之道忠良而已

23. 師: 敎我者爲師非師無以學問是故古之學者尊師君父

24. 文學: 人而不學不知道理無異禽獸故聖人乃制文學以敎人使知三綱五倫孝悌禮義廉恥之道

25. 讀書: 讀書之時一其心志勿思雜慮敬對方冊日夜勤讀眼慣口熟自可渙然也

Translation

Student 1 : Sanghoon Na

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21. 兄弟: 長曰兄季曰弟比之木則同根也比之雁則同行也兄弟之情友愛而已

Brothers: The elder is called hyŏng(Ch. xiong), and the younger is called che(Ch. di). Comparing them to trees, then [they are from] the same roots. Comparing them to wild geese, [they fly in] the same row. The affection of brothers is just {00 or "no other than 00} the fraternal love.

22. 君臣: 君臣之間以義合者也君視臣如手足臣視君如元首爲臣之道忠良而已

Ruler and Subject: Relationship between ruler and subject is tied by righteousness. The ruler sees subjects as [his] hands and feet. Subjects see the ruler as the chief head. The [proper] conduct for subject's way is only {00 or "no other than"00} loyalty and capability.

23. 師: 敎我者爲師非師無以學問是故古之學者尊師君父

Master: The one who teaches me is a master {%%teacher%%}. Without a master, there would be no learning and inquiring. For this reason, learners in old days revered [their] master like ruler and father.

24. 文學: 人而不學不知道理無異禽獸故聖人乃制文學以敎人使知三綱五倫孝悌禮義廉恥之道

Writings {00 or "literary learning" 00}: Those who, as human beings, do not learn do not know the moral principles and are no different from birds and beasts. Therefore, the sage then made writings, with which they taught people to know the Three Bonds and the Five Relations, filiality and fraternity, propriety and justice, and {^the way of^} honesty and honor.

25. 讀書: 讀書之時一其心志勿思雜慮敬對方冊日夜勤讀眼慣口熟自可渙然也

Reading: When reading books, unify {00 or concentrate00} your mind and will. Do not brood on desultory thoughts. Respectfully face the books. Day and night diligently read. Make the eyes and mouth accustomed to it, and [you will] automatically be enlightened.

Student 2 : Younès M'Ghari

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21. 兄弟: 長曰兄季曰弟比之木則同根也比之雁則同行也兄弟之情友愛而已

The elder is called older brother {%%hyŏng%%}, the second {%%younger%%} is called younger brother {%%che%%}. If you compare them to trees, then they share the roots. If you compare them to geese, then they share the [flying] lines. The sentiment between older brother and younger brother is merely {%%no other than%%}brotherly affection.

22. 君臣: 君臣之間以義合者也君視臣如手足臣視君如元首爲臣之道忠良而已

The relationship between ruler and subject in which they are linked by righteousness, the ruler sees the subject as the {%%his own%%}hands and feet, the subject sees the ruler as the {%%his%%}head; the way of being a subject is merely {%% no other than%%} to be loyal and upright {00 or "capable" 00}.

23. 師: 敎我者爲師非師無以學問是故古之學者尊師君父

The one who teaches me is a teacher. Without a teacher there is no way to learn and ask. For this reason, one who learnt {%%students of the old days%%} respect the teacher like ruler and father.

24. 文學: 人而不學不知道理無異禽獸故聖人乃制文學以敎人使知三綱五倫孝悌禮義廉恥之道

If one does not learn, he will not know the Way and the Principle¹ and will not be far from birds and beasts. Thus the sages established learning through literature that educates people and lets them know the Way of the 3 cardinal virtues and 5 cardinal relationships, filiality and fraternity, rites and morals, {^the way of^} honor and humility.

25. 讀書: 讀書之時一其心志勿思雜慮敬對方冊日夜勤讀眼慣口熟自可渙然也

When reading (out loud), unify your heart² and your intention. Do not think about miscellaneous considerations, respect and face ancient books, diligently read day and night, get your eyes used and your mouth familiar [to the readings] and it can automatically become apparent.

¹: 'Dao Li' (Chinese: 道理) could be interpreted as the 'Principle of the Way'.

²: Often directly translated as the 'mind'.

Student 3 : Petra Sváková

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21. 兄弟: 長曰兄季曰弟比之木則同根也比之雁則同行也兄弟之情友愛而已

Older and Younger Brothers: The elder is called older brother {[^hyŏng]^}, the younger is called younger brother {^[che]^}. If compared to trees, then they share the roots. If compared to wild geese, then they share the path. Brotherly affection (affection between older and younger brother {O which one would be more appropriate?O --> 00the latter00} is just {%%no other than%%}comradely love.

22. 君臣: 君臣之間以義合者也君視臣如手足臣視君如元首爲臣之道忠良而已

Ruler and Subject: [The relationship] which is between the ruler and subject is put up with righteousness. The ruler sees the subject as [his own] hands and legs, and the subject sees the ruler as the head [of the country]. The way of being subject is just that of being loyal and virtuous.

23. 師: 敎我者爲師非師無以學問是故古之學者尊師君父

Teachers: The one who teaches me is a teacher and without the teacher, there would be no way to learn and ask. For this reason, those who learned in the ancient times respected [their] teachers like [their] rulers and fathers.

24. 文學: 人而不學不知道理無異禽獸故聖人乃制文學以敎人使知三綱五倫孝悌禮義廉恥之道

Writing and Learning: If a person does not learn, he does not know the Way and the Principle and [thus] he is not different from birds and beasts. For this reason, the sages thereby established the writing and the learning with [which] they taught people, and let [them] know the Way of the Three Bonds¹ and the Five Relationships², filial piety, fraternity, rites, righteousness, {^the way of^}honesty and honor.

25. 讀書: 讀書之時一其心志勿思雜慮敬對方冊日夜勤讀眼慣口熟自可渙然也

Reading Books (aloud): At the time of reading books (aloud), unify your mind and intention, do not think of random concerns, and respectfully face the books. Day and night, read [them aloud] diligently [so that] your eyes get used [to it] and your mouth gets familiar [with it]. [Then the books] will become apparent by themselves.

¹ The Three Bonds are between ruler and subject, father and son, husband and wife.

² The Five Relationships are between ruler and subject, father and son, husband and wife, between brothers and between friends.

Student 4 : (Write your name)

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21. 兄弟: 長曰兄季曰弟比之木則同根也比之雁則同行也兄弟之情友愛而已

Elder and Younger Brothers – The elder is called the elder brother {^[hyŏng]^}, and the second {%%younger%%} is called the younger brother {^[che}^}. Likened to trees, then [they] share roots. Likened to wild geese, they share the same path. The affection of elder and younger brother is just that of fraternal love.

22. 君臣: 君臣之間以義合者也君視臣如手足臣視君如元首爲臣之道忠良而已

Lords and Ministers – Lords and ministers are brought together by righteousness. The lord sees the minister as hands and feet. The minister sees the lord as [the] authority and head. To fulfill the Way of the minister {%%the way to be a minister%%} is just that of being loyal and being capable.

23. 師: 敎我者爲師非師無以學問是故古之學者尊師君父

Teachers – The one who educates me is the teacher. Without a teacher there is no way to learn and ask. This is why those who learned in the past respected teachers like lords and fathers.

24. 文學: 人而不學不知道理無異禽獸故聖人乃制文學以敎人使知三綱五倫孝悌禮義廉恥之道

Writing¹ and Learning {00 or Literary learning / Learning through literature 00}– [To be] a person and not learn [is to] not know the Way and [moral] principles and has no difference [from] birds and beasts. [This is] the reason sages then made written culture {%%writing / writing script%%} and learning to educate people and cause them to know the Way of the three links² and five relationships, filial piety and fraternal love, rites and righteousness, and {^ the way of^} sincerity and honor.

¹ 文 [K: mun; C: mun] indicates significant and important things that comprise written culture, not just writing.

² The ruler leads the minister, the father leads the son, and the husband leads the wife.

25. 讀書: 讀書之時一其心志勿思雜慮敬對方冊日夜勤讀眼慣口熟自可渙然也

Reading [Out Loud] Books - When reading [out loud] books, make one the heart and mind, do not think random thoughts, [show] respect facing the books, day and night diligently read [out loud and let] eyes accustom [themselves] and the mouth familiarize [itself] {^to the books^}, [then the books] themselves can melt {00? light up / become bright00} like so [to reveal their meaning].

Student 5 : (Jae Yong Chang)

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21. 兄弟: 長曰兄, 季曰弟, 比之木, 同根也. 比之雁, 則同行也. 兄弟之情, 友愛而已

Elder and Younger brothers: The elder is called “hyong,” and the second [younger] is called “che.” Comparing them to trees, then they share roots. Comparing them to wild geese, they share the same way. The sentiment of elder and younger brothers is just {00 or no other than00} the fraternal love.

22. 君臣: 君臣之間, 以義合者也. 君視臣如手足, 臣視君如元首, 爲臣之道, 忠良而已

Ruler and subject: Between the ruler and the subject, they are combined together with righteousness. The ruler sees the subject as his own hand and feet, the subject sees the ruler as his commander {%%head%%}. The way of being a subject is just to be loyal and capable.

23. 師: 敎我者爲師. 非師無以學問. 是故古之學者, 尊師君父

The one who teaches me becomes {%% is %%} a teacher. Without a teacher, there is no way for learning and asking. Therefore, the one who is learning {%%learned%%} in ancient times respects the teacher like the ruler and the father.

24. 文學: 人而不學, 不知道理. 無異禽獸. 故, 聖人乃制文學以敎. 人使知三綱五倫, 孝悌禮義廉恥之道

If a people do not learn, [he/she] does not know the Way of the Principle. [It is] not different from birds and beasts. Therefore, Sage made writing and learning with which taught the people. Let them know the Way of the three cardinal virtues and five cardinal relationships; filial piety, fraternity, rites, righteousness, {^and the way of^} honor, and humility.

25. 讀書: 讀書之時, 一其心志. 勿思雜慮, 敬對方冊. 日夜勤讀, 眼慣口熟, 自可渙然也

When [you are] reading a writing, make your heart-mind and intention to be united. Don’t think of unimportant and respect and face ancient records [or books]. All days, day and night, read them diligently and get {^them^} used to your eyes and to your mouth. Then, it is able to become clear.

Student 6 : (Goeun Lee)

21. 長曰兄 季曰弟 比之木 則同根也 比之雁則同行也 兄弟之情 友愛而已

The old is called an older brother {^hyŏng^}, the subordinate {%%younger%%} is called a younger brother {^che^}. To compare them to trees, [they are from] the same root. To compare them to wild geese, [they] go together {%%share the same line%%}. Sentiments between brothers [should be] friendly and amiable. That's all.

22. 君臣之間 以義合者也 君視臣如手足 臣視君如元首 爲臣之道 忠良而已

[The relationship] between rulers and subjects are put together with righteousness. A ruler regards his subjects as his (own) hand and foot; subjects regard rulers as their (own) primary head. [The way of] being a subject [should be] loyal and capable. That’s all.

23. 師: 敎我者爲師, 非師無以學問, 是故, 古之學者, 尊師如君父

Teacher: The one who teaches me is teacher. Without a teacher, there is no way to learn and ask. Therefore, educated people in the old days respected teachers like their ruler and father.

24. 文學: 人而不學, 不知道理, 無異禽獸, 故聖人, 乃制文學以敎人, 使知三綱五倫,孝悌禮義,廉恥之道

{^Learning through literature: ^} If people do not learn, they do not know the Way 道 and the Principle 理 . [Such are] {^and are^} not different from birds and beasts. For this reason, sages 1) thereby created writing and taught people, so that they know the three bonds and five relationships.

25. 讀書: 讀書之時 一其心志 勿思雜慮 敬對方冊 日夜勤讀 眼慣口熟 自可渙然也

{^Reading books: ^} At the time of reading books, unite your mind and intention. Do not think about miscellaneous concerns; pay respect towards {00 good!00} books. Day and night, diligently read [your books]; [as they become] familiar to your eyes and mouth, [then] the book itself can be understood clearly.

1) Legendary figures who are believed to create Chinese letters: 伏羲, 朱襄, 倉頡, 沮誦, 梵·怯廬. {00 Cangjie 倉頡 is the one who is attributed to have created writing.00}

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Student 10 : Jelena Gledić

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21. Older and younger brother:

The elder is called older brother {00 hyŏng 00}, the younger is called younger brother {00 che 00}. If compared to trees, they have the same root. If compared to wild geese, they have the same path. The sentiment between older and younger brother is {^no other than^} that of camaraderie.

22. Ruler and minister:

The relationship between ruler and minister is bound through righteousness. The ruler sees the minister as his hands and feet. The minister sees the ruler as the primary head. The way of being a minister is {^no other than^} that of loyalty and aptitude.

23. Teacher:

The one who teaches me is a teacher. Without teachers, there is no learning. For this reason, in the past those who learned respected teachers as rulers and fathers.

24. Studying:

If man does not learn he does not know the reasoning of the way and is no different than the birds and the beasts. The sages of old thus made studying with which to teach people, so that they know the Three Bonds and Five Relationships, filiality, fraternity, rites, {^and the way of^} righteousness and honor.

25. Reading:

When one reads, mind and intent should be united. One should not think of random matters. One should respectfully face the book, day and night, diligently and carefully. The eyes should get used to it and the mouth should become familiar with it. [Then] the self can become apparent.

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