2019 啓蒙篇 10 - 13

Original Script

10.

春三月盡이면 則爲夏하고

夏三月盡이면 則爲秋하고

秋三月盡이면則爲冬하고

冬三月盡이면 則復爲春이니

四時相代하여 而歲功成焉이라.

春三月盡則爲夏夏三月盡則爲秋秋三月盡則爲冬冬三月盡則復爲春四時相代而歲功成焉

11.

春則萬物이 始生하고,

夏則萬物이 長養하고,

秋則萬物이 成熟하고,

冬則萬物閉藏하니,

無非四時之功也니라.


右天篇이라.

• Compound Verbs

春則萬物始生夏則萬物長養秋則萬物成熟冬則萬物閉藏無非四時之功也

::: 地篇 :::

12.

地之高處는 便爲山이요, 地之低處는 便爲水니,

水之小者를 謂川이요, 水之大者를 謂江이요,

山之卑者를 謂丘요, 山之峻者를 謂岡이니라.

• 便: exactly, just, then, right away

• Adj 者: one that is Adj

• 謂 (N1) N2: To call (N1) N2

地之高處便爲山地之低處便爲水水之小者謂川水之大者謂江山之卑者謂丘山之峻者謂岡

13.

天下之山이 莫大於五岳하니, 

五岳者는 泰山嵩山衡山恒山華山也요.

天下之水는 莫大於四海하니

四海者는 東海西海南海北海也라.

• 莫: There is nothing/no one that…

• Adj. 於 N: more Adj. than N

天下之山莫大於五岳五岳者泰山嵩山衡山恒山華山也天下之水莫大於四海四海者東海西海南海北海也

　

Translation

Sentence 10 : Mo Ran Seo

---

Three months of spring exhausted, then it becomes summer.
Three months of summer exhausted, then it becomes autumn.
Three months of autumn exhausted, then it becomes winter.
Three months of winter exhausted, then again it becomes spring.
Four seasons replace each other, achieve the success of one year’s harvest.

• Discussion Questions:
  

(YO) Well done. I think 歲功 itself would mean the year's harvest or year's work.

Sentence 11 : Mo Ran Seo

---

In spring, all things are born first.
In summer, all things are growing and being grown.
In autumn, all things are matured and ripen.
In winter, all things are closed and reserved.
There is nothing of these, not works of four seasons.

• Discussion Questions:
  

(YO) Since these verbs are compounds--which are attempts to perceive one action though there are more than one aspects in the action, how about: 始生 'begin to be born/come into being'; 長養 'grow'; 成熟 'mature', 閉藏 'be collected'? Also for 無非四時之功也, There is nothing (無) that is not (非) the work of the four seasons.

Sentence 12 : I.Yi

---

The high places of the earth are mountains; the low places of the earth are water.
The waters that are small we call streams; waters that are large we call rivers.
Mountains that are low we call hills; mountains that are steep we call mountain ridges.

• Discussion Questions:
  

(YO) I was thinking about 地之高處 in the first line. It can be either taken as "high places of the earth" or "places where the earth is high," but I wonder if there is a difference between them. The latter seems to make it shown that the earth is continuous even on the mountain. What do you think?

Sentence 13 : I.Yi

---

Among the mountains of the world, there is nothing larger than the five great mountains. As for the five mountains, they are T'aesan, Sungsan, Hyŏngsan, Hangsan, and Hwasan.
Among the earth’s waters, there is nothing greater than the four seas. As for the four rivers, they are the East river, West river, South River, and the North River.

• Discussion Questions:
  

(YO) Was it intentional to take 海 as 'river'?