2019 啓蒙篇 38 - 40

Original Script

38.

曾子曰君子는 以文會友하고 以友輔仁이라.

盖人不能無過하니 而朋友하여 有責善之道故로

人之所以成就其德性者는 固莫大於師友之功이라.

雖然이나 友有益友하고 亦有損友하니

取友를 不可不端也라.

• 曰: to speak

• 盖: It is the case that…

• 雖然: though it is so > nevertheless (雖: although)

• 不可不V: cannot not V = must V

曾子曰君子以文會友以友輔仁盖人不能無過而朋友有責善之道故人之所以成就其德性者固莫大於師友之功雖然友有益友亦有損友取友不可不端也

39.

同受父母之餘氣하여 以爲人者는 兄弟也라.

且人之方幼也에 食則連牀하고 枕則同衾하여

共被父母之恩者는 亦莫如我兄弟也라.

故로  愛其父母者는 亦必愛其兄弟라.

• 方 (Time): just, just about

• 莫如N: There is nothing/no one like N

同受父母之餘氣 以爲人者兄弟也且人之方幼也食則連牀枕則同衾共被父母之恩者亦莫如我兄弟也故愛其父母者亦必愛其兄弟

40.

宗族이 雖有親疎遠近之分이나

然이나 推究其本면 則同是祖先之骨肉이니

苟於宗族에 不相友愛이면  則是는 忘其本也라.

人而忘本이면 家道가 漸替라.

• 雖: although

• 然: (being so,) but

• 是: this, these, they

• 苟: if indeed… (leading a subjunctive clause)

宗族雖有親疎遠近之分然推究其本則同是祖先之骨肉苟於宗族不相友愛則是忘其本也人而忘本家道漸替

　

Translation

Sentence 38 : Hector Sanchez

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Zengzi* said: “As for the gentleman, he uses culture to meet friends and uses friends to achieve humaneness.”

It is the case that people cannot be without mistakes, [thus] friends have the duty to correct their ways.

Therefore, as for what people use to achieve their virtuous nature, indeed, there is nothing greater than the work of teachers and friends.

Although it is so, as for friends, there are beneficial friends as well as harmful friends.

In choosing friends, [one] ought to be careful.

• Discussion Questions:
  
• Zengzi (505-435 BCE:) a disciple of Confucius and eventual master to his teacher's grandson, Zisi.

Sentence 39 : Ethan

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同受父母之餘(남을 여)氣하여 以爲人者는 兄弟也라.

Those who are made people through a shared receiving of one's parents' remaining (living?) energy are one's siblings.

且人之方幼也에 食則連牀하고 枕則同衾하여

Moreover, when people are at the height of youth––joining tables while eating, sharing blankets while sleeping,

共被父母之恩者는 亦莫如我兄弟也라.

and together wearing the grace of parents––then too, there is nobody like one’s own siblings.

故로 愛其父母者는 亦必愛其兄弟라.

Therefore those who love their parents also surely [need to] love their siblings.

• Discussion Questions:
  

(YO) 餘氣 is an interesting notion, as we discussed in class. I guess the idea is that the parents use their ki to give births to you and your siblings, and from your point of you, the ki used for your other siblings is "the remainder" of their ki. In that sense, it is like "the other portion of ki."

Sentence 40 : Stella

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宗族이 雖有親疎遠近之分이나
As for the kinship clan, though there are the distinctions of intimate and distant, and far and close,

然이나 推究其本면 則同是祖先之骨肉이니
even being so, if one pursues and seeks its foundation, then it is such that they share the blood and flesh of ancestors.

苟於宗族에 不相友愛이면 則是는 忘其本也라.
If indeed, to not be fraternal and loving to each other with one's kinship clan would be to neglect that foundation.

人而忘本이면 家道가 漸替라.
To be human and neglect this foundation [results in] the way of the family gradually decline.

• Discussion Questions: