(Translation) 聖學輯要 修己 正心章 (部分)

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  • 大學公議 대학공의(Daehak gongui) 1814

Original Script

Classical Chinese

English

臣按, 未發之時, 此心寂然, 固無一毫思慮, 但寂然之中, 知覺不昧, 有如沖漠無眹, 萬象森然已具也, 此處極難理會, 但敬守此心, 涵養積久, 則自當得力, 所謂敬以涵養者, 亦非他術, 只是寂寂不起念慮, 惺惺無少昏昧而已. ○或問, 未發時, 亦有見聞乎, 臣答曰, 若見物聞聲, 念慮隨發, 則固屬已發矣, 若物之過乎目者, 見之而已, 不起見之之心, 過乎耳者, 聞之而已, 不起聞之之心, 雖有見聞, 不作思惟, 則不害其爲未發也, 故程子曰, 目須見, 耳須聞, 朱子曰, 若必以未有見聞爲未發處, 則只是一種神識昏昧底人, 睡未足時, 被人驚覺, 頃刻之閒, 不識四到時節, 有此氣象, 聖賢之心, 湛然淵靜, 聰明洞徹, 決不如此, 以此觀之, 未發時, 亦有見聞矣. ○又問曰, 常人之心, 固有未發時矣, 其中體亦與聖賢之未發無別耶, 臣答曰, 常人, 無涵養省察工夫, 故其心不昏則亂, 中體不立, 幸於須臾之頃, 不昏不亂, 則其未發之中, 亦與聖賢無別, 但未久而或頹放, 或膠擾, 旋失其本體, 則霎時之中, 安能救終日之昏亂, 以立大本乎. ○又問, 延平先生於靜中, 看喜怒哀樂未發之謂中, 未發, 作何氣象, 朱子曰, 李先生, 靜中體認大本, 此說何如, 臣答曰, 纔有所思, 便是已發, 旣云體認, 則是省察工夫, 非未發時氣象也, 故朱子晚年定論, 以體認字爲下得重, 此不可不察, 但學者靜坐時, 作此工夫, 輕輕照顧未發時氣象, 則於進學養心, 必有益, 是亦一道也. (From 栗谷, 『聖學輯要』)

(translation)

Translation

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