"(Translation) 御製問業"의 두 판 사이의 차이

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3번째 줄: 3번째 줄:
 
|English = In King Yeongjo’s own writing, when asked of my enterprises
 
|English = In King Yeongjo’s own writing, when asked of my enterprises
 
|Chinese = 御製問業
 
|Chinese = 御製問業
−
|Korean = 어제문업(Eoje munup)
+
|Korean = 어제문업(''Eoje munup'')
 
|Genre = [[Royal Documents]]
 
|Genre = [[Royal Documents]]
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|Type = [[ ]]
 
 
|Author =  [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yeongjo_of_Joseon King Yeongjo]
 
|Author =  [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yeongjo_of_Joseon King Yeongjo]
 
|Year = 1774
 
|Year = 1774
16번째 줄: 15번째 줄:
  
 
<gallery>
 
<gallery>
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파일:영조탕평비.JPG|link=(Translations) 蕩平碑|蕩平碑 탕평비(Tangpyeong bi) 1742
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파일:영조탕평비.JPG|link=(Translation) 蕩平碑|I-2. 蕩平碑 탕평비(''Tangpyeongbi'') 1742
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파일:영조균역준천사업.JPG|link=(Translations) 御製均役濬川卽予事業|御製均役濬川卽予事業 어제균역준천즉여사업(Eoje Gyunyeok juncheon yeo-saeop) 1773
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파일:영조균역준천사업.JPG|link=(Translation) 御製均役濬川卽予事業|I-3. 御製均役濬川卽予事業 어제균역준천즉여사업(''Eoje gyunyeokjuncheonjeugyeosaeop'') 1773
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파일:영조어제일초복고.JPG|link=(Translations) 御製壹初|御製壹初 어제 일초(Eoje ilcho) 1774
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파일:영조어제일초복고.JPG|link=(Translation) 御製壹初|I-4. 御製壹初 어제일초(''Eoje ilcho'') 1774
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파일:영조어제수윤음.JPG|link=(Translations) 御製垂綸吟|御製垂綸吟 어제수윤음(Eoje suyuneum) 1774
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파일:영조어제수윤음.JPG|link=(Translation) 御製垂綸吟|I-5. 御製垂綸吟 어제수윤음(''Eoje suyuneum'') 1774
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파일:영조어제광탕서중.jpg|link=(Translations) 御製廣蕩|御製廣蕩 어제광탕(Eoje gwangtang)  1774
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파일:영조어제광탕서중.jpg|link=(Translation) 御製廣蕩|I-6. 御製廣蕩 어제광탕(''Eoje gwangtang'')  1774
 
</gallery>
 
</gallery>
 +
  
 
=='''Introduction'''==
 
=='''Introduction'''==
27번째 줄: 27번째 줄:
 
=='''Original Script'''==
 
=='''Original Script'''==
  
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{{원문텍스트
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{|class="wikitable" style="width:80%; font-size:110%; color:#002080; background-color:#ffffff;"
−
| =  
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!style="width:40%;"|Classical Chinese || style="width:60%;"| English
 +
|-
 +
|
 
御製問業
 
御製問業
 +
 
八旬事業 若問於予
 
八旬事業 若問於予
  
47번째 줄: 50번째 줄:
  
 
同年同月日集慶書
 
同年同月日集慶書
 +
||
 +
(translation)
 +
|-
 +
|}
  
−
}}
+
<!--
 +
=='''Discussion Questions'''==
 +
#
 +
#
  
−
=='''Translation'''==
 
  
−
==='''Instructor : Jaeyoon Song'''===
+
=='''Further Readings'''==
−
----
+
<div style="color:#008080;">
−
In King Yeongjo’s own writing, "when asked of my enterprises"1.
+
* View together with '''[http://kadhlab103.com/wiki/index.php/어제경민음 (Korean text) King Yeongjo’s Admonition for the People” (Eoje gyeongmineum 御製警民音, 1762)]'''
 +
* View together with '''[[정조 윤음 번역|(Translation) King Jeongjo, “Royal dictum to encourage farming” (Gweonnong yuneum 勸農綸音, 1781)]]'''
 +
</div>
  
  
 +
=='''References'''==
 +
<references/>
  
 +
=='''Translation'''==
  
−
 
+
==='''Student 1 : Kim Young'''===
−
 
 
−
1. 谈话isistoo.了..
 
−
 
 
−
==='''Student 1 : (Kim Young)'''===
 
 
----
 
----
  
 
In King Yeongjo's Own Writing, "When Asked of My Enterprises"
 
In King Yeongjo's Own Writing, "When Asked of My Enterprises"
  
−
If someone asked me about my enterprises over eighty years,
+
If someone asked me about my enterprises at the age of eighty,
−
deep inside my mind I would be embarrassed about what to say.
+
deep inside my mind I would be embarrassed as to what to say.
 
The first achievement was the Policy of Impartiality, yet I am not worthy of claiming those two words;
 
The first achievement was the Policy of Impartiality, yet I am not worthy of claiming those two words;
−
the second was the Equalized Tax Law, the effect of which reached even the Buddhist monks;
+
the second was the Equitable Tax Law, the effect of which reached even the Buddhist monks;
−
the third was dredging the Chenggye River, so people would benefit from it for ten thousand years;
+
the third was dredging the [Chenggye] River, so people would benefit from it for ten thousand generations;
−
the fourth was restoring the antique custom, so even the class of female slaves could all be leisurely;
+
the fourth was restoring the ancient institution, so even the class of female slaves could all be leisurely;
 
the fifth was lining up the multitudes, for the first time since Jagwang;
 
the fifth was lining up the multitudes, for the first time since Jagwang;
 
the sixth was the governance of the past, that is to say the Great Code for Administering the Country.
 
the sixth was the governance of the past, that is to say the Great Code for Administering the Country.
 
Written at Jipgyeong Hall.
 
Written at Jipgyeong Hall.
  
−
==='''Student 2 : (Write your name)'''===
+
*Discussion Questions:
 +
1. What does Yeongjo mean by taxing only men and now women? How was the policy actually implemented? What changes took place in society after the this new taxation law was enforced?
 +
2. Why was Yeongjo so focused on increasing the rights of the sons of concubines? How did the sons of concubines generally live in the late Joseon dynasty? What careers did they usually take and what roles did they play in the family?
 +
 
 +
==='''Student 2 : Irina'''===
 +
 
 +
Answering About my King’s Enterprises
 +
 
 +
If someone asks me about my achievements at age of eighty,
 +
 
 +
my heart will be wrapped with embracement how to answer.
 +
 
 +
The first enterprise was the System of broad equality (1),
 +
 
 +
although not only I do deserve recognition for its implementation.
 +
 
 +
The second one was the Parity of corvee labor,
 +
 
 +
benefiting even Buddhist monks.
 +
 
 +
Third achievement was Waterways dredging system,
 +
 
 +
which will serve ten thousand generations.
 +
 
 +
In the fourth place, I have restored the ancient order,
 +
 
 +
making even female slaves to be released.
 +
 
 +
The fifth achievement was to uproot injustice in social order,
 +
 
 +
and now it is the first time done since Ja-gwan (2).
 +
 
 +
I restored the policy of previous dynasties,
  
−
Answering about my king’s enterprises
+
relying on The Great Code of Administration (3).
  
−
If someone asks me about my achievements at the age of eighty
+
(1) The system of broad equality 蕩平策|탕평책 was a system of distribution of official positions between members of different factions, implemented by King Yeonjo to put an end to the factional strife.
−
My heart will be wrapped of embracement how to answer.
 
−
The first enterprise was the system of broad equality (1)
 
−
Although not only I do deserve recognition for its creation.
 
−
The second one was the forced labor parity
 
−
Benefiting even Buddhist monks (2).
 
  
−
(1) The system of broad equality 蕩平策|탕평책 is …
+
(2) Ryu Ja-gwan柳子光|류자광 (1439-1512) was famous military leader, literati and writer. His mother was concubine just like King Yeongjo’s mother. During the Joseon dynasty, the illegitimate sons were in an unequal position as compared to the sons of the first wife, and King Yeongjo aimed to change this social order.
−
(2) During Joseon period Buddhist monks were …
 
  
−
==='''Student 3 : (Masha)'''===
+
(3) The Great Code of Administration 經國大典|경국대전 (late 15th century) is the first legislation book of Joseon dynasty.
 +
 
 +
==='''Student 3 : Masha'''===
 
----
 
----
 
Royal Compilation "Inquiring into the Enterprise"
 
Royal Compilation "Inquiring into the Enterprise"
104번째 줄: 142번째 줄:
 
Sixth, government of the previous era. This was Great Regulations and Laws.
 
Sixth, government of the previous era. This was Great Regulations and Laws.
  
−
==='''Student 4 : (Jong Woo Park)'''===
+
*Discussion Questions:
 +
 
 +
- What do these documents tell us about King Yeongjo's personality?
 +
- Could King Yeongjo's background motivate him to instigate the reforms he carried out? Which particular aspects of his background?
 +
- How important were the ties to the Chinese court and culture at the time? How were they expressed and reflected upon? How did King Yeongjo express his attitude towards the classics and Confucian values?
 +
 
 +
==='''Student 4 : Jong Woo Park'''===
 
----
 
----
 
御製問業
 
御製問業
116번째 줄: 160번째 줄:
  
 
一則蕩平 自恧二字
 
一則蕩平 自恧二字
−
First is the Policy of Impartiality [although] I am not deserved for these two characters (t'angp'yŏng).
+
The first is the Policy of Impartiality [although] I am not deserved for these two characters (t'angp'yŏng).
  
 
二則均役 效流緇徒
 
二則均役 效流緇徒
−
Second is the Equalized Tax Law, which benefited even Buddhist monks.
+
The second is the Equalized Tax Law, which benefited even Buddhist monks.
  
 
三則濬川 可垂萬歲
 
三則濬川 可垂萬歲
−
Third is to dredge the Chǒnggye stream, which benefited many generations to come.  
+
The third is to dredge the Chǒnggye stream, which benefited many generations to come.  
  
 
四則復古 婢類皆閑
 
四則復古 婢類皆閑
−
Fourth is to set up a new law according to antiquities, which enabled even female slaves to enjoy leisure.  
+
The fourth is to set up a new law according to antiquity, which enabled even female slaves to enjoy leisure.  
  
 
五則叙衆 子光後初
 
五則叙衆 子光後初
−
Fifth is to abolish discrimination against sons of concubine. It was first since the time of Yu Chagwang.
+
The fifth is to abolish discriminations against sons of concubine. It was first since the time of Yu Chagwang.
  
 
六則昨政 卽大典法
 
六則昨政 卽大典法
−
Sixth is to compile ........... no time hahaha :)  
+
The sixth is to compile ........... no time hahaha :)  
  
 
同年同月日集慶書
 
同年同月日集慶書
  
−
==='''Student 5 : (Kanghun Ahn)'''===
+
*Discussion Questions:
 +
Why did King Yǒngjo produce document justifying/promoting his own achievement? What might be a socio-political circumstance that led him to write these document?
 +
 
 +
==='''Student 5 : Kanghun Ahn'''===
 
----
 
----
−
The Royal Order of Inquiries over King Yongjo's Accomplishments  
+
The Royal Order of Asking about King Yongjo's Accomplishments  
  
−
If someone would ask me about the accomplishments of my eighty-year life, my heart should be earnestly brazen (and embarrassed). How can I answer that question? Firstly, I made possible the politics of harmony (Tangpyong), the two letters of which I do not deserve to be called after all. Secondly, I equalized the corvee system, which subsequently affected and flew into a group of monastics. Thirdly, I initiated and completed the project of dredging the Chonggye creek, the achievement of which would last forever. Fourth, I endeavored to revive antiquity (the wisdom of ancient sages), and hence brought freedom (and autonomy) to female slaves and the likes. Fifth, I tried to place the masses in order, ever since the time of Yu Chagwang. Sixth, I attempted to emulate the politics of the past, which led to the compilation of the Soktaejon.  
+
If someone would ask me about the accomplishments of my eighty-year life, my heart should be earnestly brazen (and embarrassed). How can I answer that question? Firstly, I brought forth the policy of harmony (Tangpyong), the two letters of which I do not deserve to be called after all. Secondly, I equalized the corvee system, which subsequently affected and flew into a group of monastics. Thirdly, I initiated and completed the project of dredging the Chonggye creek, the achievement of which would last forever. Fourth, I endeavored to revive antiquity (the wisdom of ancient sages), and hence brought freedom (and autonomy) to female slaves and the likes. Fifth, I tried to place the masses in order, ever since the time of Yu Chagwang. Sixth, I attempted to emulate the politics of the past, which led to the compilation of the Soktaejon.  
  
−
Written at the Jipkyong Building.
+
Written at the Chipkyong Hall.
  
−
==='''Student 6 : (Hu Jing)'''===
+
*Discussion Question:
 +
In the mainstream narrative of Korean history, King Yongjo has been considered as the most Confucian ruler throughout the Choson dynasty. In this sense, it seems a bit extraordinary that he indeed endeavored to decrease the burden of taxation for female members of the population (albeit following the Chinese model). Then, would it be possible to reevaluate Yongjo as a relatively feminist monarch of the Choson dynasty in conjunction with the texts we dealt with today?
 +
 
 +
==='''Student 6 : Hu Jing'''===
 
----
 
----
 +
In King Yeongjo's own writing, when asked of my enterprises
 +
 +
If someone asks me about my enterprises during the past 80 years as a King, I deeply feel embarrassed with how to answer this question.
 +
First, it was the Pacification Policy, which I am not deserved for the two characters.
 +
Second, it was the Labor Equalization Law, which benefits the Buddhist monks.
 +
Third, (I think) the Dredging River Policy could benefit ( Joseon people ) for many generations.
 +
Fourth, (I tried to) restore the ancient (governing) ways to lighten the burden of people like female slaves.
 +
 +
*Discussion Questions:
 +
 +
1. Why did King Yeongjo implement new policies? What is the historical background?
  
−
==='''Student 7 : (King Kwong Wong)'''===
+
2. Is there any clue that King Yeongjo's policies followed Chinese policy or tradition?
 +
 
 +
==='''Student 7 : King Kwong Wong'''===
 
----
 
----
−
At the age of 80, if someone ask about my reflection upon my goverance, I feel deeply ashamed. How can I respond?
+
Royal Writing of King Yongjo's Reflection on His Governance.
−
First, I implemented the policy of "Magnificant Harmony" but it was neither magnificant nor harmony.
+
 
 +
After living for 80 years, if someone asks about my reflection upon my governance, I feel deeply embarrassed. How can I respond that?
 +
First, I implemented the policy of "Magnificant Harmony"*1 but I am ashamed that it was neither magnificent nor harmonious.
 
Second, I equalized taxation and corvee labor. It was so effective that it even benefitted Buddhist monks.
 
Second, I equalized taxation and corvee labor. It was so effective that it even benefitted Buddhist monks.
 
Third, I dredged the river, so that it can serve people for many years.
 
Third, I dredged the river, so that it can serve people for many years.
 
Fourth, I restored to ancient policies, so that all slaves will have time of leisure.
 
Fourth, I restored to ancient policies, so that all slaves will have time of leisure.
−
Fifth, I gathered and ranked talented people. This was the first time after Yu Ja-gwang.
+
Fifth, I gathered and ranked talented people. This was the first time after Yu Ja-kwang.
−
Sixth, I compiled all policies from the past, which is called the Continuation of the Codes of Goverance.
+
Sixth, I compiled all policies from the past, which is called the Continuation of the Great Codes of Administration.
  
 
Same year, same month and day, written at
 
Same year, same month and day, written at
  
−
Zhijun Ren
+
*note 1 translation from JaHyun Kim Haboush
 +
 
 +
*Discussion Question:
 +
Why did King Yongjo want to reflect his own governance? And why did he obsess with restoring ancient policies?
 +
 
 +
==='''Student 8 : Zhijun Ren'''===
 +
 
  
 
御製問業
 
御製問業
179번째 줄: 250번째 줄:
 
the fifth is the appraising and ranking of the mass. it is the first time since the time of Ryu Jagwang.
 
the fifth is the appraising and ranking of the mass. it is the first time since the time of Ryu Jagwang.
  
−
==='''Student 9 : (Write your name)'''===
+
To reach everyone evenly without getting intimate with a particular one is the public mindedness of a superior man.
 +
To get intimate with a particular one without reaching out evenly is the private interest of a lesser mean man.
 +
 
 +
==='''Student 9 : Lidan Liu'''===
 
----
 
----
 
In the King’s own writing “Being asked of my achievements”
 
In the King’s own writing “Being asked of my achievements”
 
   
 
   
−
If somebody asked me about my accomplishment in my eighty-years lifetime, I privately feel uneasy/blushed/ashamed. What would I used to answer that?
+
If somebody asked about my accomplishment in my eighty-years lifetime, I privately feel uneasy/blushed/ashamed. What would I used to answer that?
  
 
First, pacification and impartiality, [though] I feel rather bashful/ reluctant with these two characters.
 
First, pacification and impartiality, [though] I feel rather bashful/ reluctant with these two characters.
 
Second, equalizing labor services. The beneficiary reached to Buddhist monks.
 
Second, equalizing labor services. The beneficiary reached to Buddhist monks.
−
Third, dredging the rivers. The benefit will be passed down for tens of thousands of years.
+
Third, dredging the rivers. The benefit will last for ten thousand years.
 
Fourth, restoring ancient laws, thus female slaves and the likes all became leisured.  
 
Fourth, restoring ancient laws, thus female slaves and the likes all became leisured.  
 
Fifth, ranking the multitude, which initiated from Yu Chagwang.
 
Fifth, ranking the multitude, which initiated from Yu Chagwang.
−
Sixth, [adopting] yester policies, which is the [creation of the] Grand Code of Managing the Country.  
+
Sixth, [adopting] yester policies, which is the [compilation of the] Grand Code of Managing the Country.  
  
−
Written in the Kigyŏng Hall (Hall of Amassing Benedictions)
+
Written in the Chipkyŏng Hall (Hall of Amassing Benedictions)
  
 
==='''Student 10 : Martin Gehlmann'''===
 
==='''Student 10 : Martin Gehlmann'''===
222번째 줄: 296번째 줄:
 
*4 集慶堂, Chipkyŏng Tang
 
*4 集慶堂, Chipkyŏng Tang
  
−
==='''Student 11 : (Write your name)'''===
+
*Discussion Questions:
 +
1. Who is Yeongjo writing this text for? Who would ask/judge the Kings achievements?
 +
 
 +
==='''Student 11 : Jinsook You'''===
 
----
 
----
 +
Document 1
  
 +
If I were asked about my undertakings during my eighty years of age, the shyness of my mind would make me hesitant to answer it.
 +
The number one is the Policy of impartiality.
 +
I do not dare to say that I deserve those three words.
 +
The second is Equivalent Taxation, which had effects even on monks.
 +
The third is dredging Chenggyecheon stream, whose result would be enjoyed by many generations to come.
 +
The fourth is setting up a new law according to the ancient policy, which relieved female slaves from their duties.
 +
The fifth is employing sons of a concubine to hold high government positions, for the first time since Yu Jakwang's case.
 +
And the sixth is the state affairs of yesterday, which resulted in the Great Code of Administration
 +
 +
*Discussion Question:
 +
Who was the most influential person for Yeongjo in his public life?
  
 
==='''Student 12 : (Write your name)'''===
 
==='''Student 12 : (Write your name)'''===
 
----
 
----
 
In king's own writing "Reflections on my accomplishments"
 
In king's own writing "Reflections on my accomplishments"
−
If I am asked about my eighty years of achievements.
+
At the age of eighty, when I am asked about my achievements,
−
I feel a shame deep inside to answer to the question.
+
deep inside I feel shameful. How can I answer the question?
−
First, the policy of Political Inclusiveness, and however, I am humbled to deserve the credit of the two characters.  
+
The first is the policy of Great Inclusiveness. I am humbled by the two characters.  
−
Second is the Equalized Corvee Labor Service, of which effectiveness penetrated even to the Buddhist monks.
+
The second is the Equalized Tax. The effect has reached the Buddhist monks.
−
Third is the Dredging of Cheongye Stream, which would affect the generations to come.
+
The third is the Dredging of the Stream. This would benefit generations to come.
−
Fourth is the restoration of antiquity, which freed female servants from the burden of paying tribute.
+
The fourth is the restoration of antiquity. This law waived the burden of tax of female slaves.
 +
 
 +
*Discussion Question:
 +
How did King Yeongjo evaluate his merits and accomplishments?
 +
Why did he want to leave this royal writing about his own enterprises?
  
 
==='''Student 13 : (Write your name)'''===
 
==='''Student 13 : (Write your name)'''===
257번째 줄: 350번째 줄:
 
여섯번째는 법도의 개정이니
 
여섯번째는 법도의 개정이니
 
속대전의 편찬이다.
 
속대전의 편찬이다.
 +
 +
같은 해 같은 달 같은 일 집경당에서 씀
  
 
==='''Student 14 : (Write your name)'''===
 
==='''Student 14 : (Write your name)'''===
 
----
 
----
  
−
=='''Further Readings'''==
+
-->
−
<div style="color:#008080;">
 
−
* View together with '''[http://kadhlab103.com/wiki/index.php/어제경민음 (Korean text) King Yeongjo’s Admonition for the People” (Eoje gyeongmineum 御製警民音, 1762)]'''
 
−
* View together with '''[[정조 윤음 번역|(Translation) King Jeongjo, “Royal dictum to encourage farming” (Gweonnong yuneum 勸農綸音, 1781)]]'''
 
−
</div>
 

2022년 2월 14일 (월) 23:48 기준 최신판

Primary Source
어제문업.JPG Title
English In King Yeongjo’s own writing, when asked of my enterprises
Chinese 御製問業
Korean(RR) 어제문업(Eoje munup)
Text Details
Genre Royal Documents
Type
Author(s) King Yeongjo
Year 1774
Source
Key Concepts King Yeongjo,
Translation Info
Translator(s) Participants of 2017 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced Translation Group)
Editor(s)
Year 2017


  • I-2. 蕩平碑 탕평비(Tangpyeongbi) 1742

  • I-3. 御製均役濬川卽予事業 어제균역준천즉여사업(Eoje gyunyeokjuncheonjeugyeosaeop) 1773

  • I-4. 御製壹初 어제일초(Eoje ilcho) 1774

  • I-5. 御製垂綸吟 어제수윤음(Eoje suyuneum) 1774

  • I-6. 御製廣蕩 어제광탕(Eoje gwangtang) 1774


Introduction

Original Script

Classical Chinese English

御製問業

八旬事業 若問於予

心窃靦然 其何以答

一則蕩平 自恧二字

二則均役 效流緇徒

三則濬川 可垂萬歲

四則復古 婢類皆閑

五則叙衆 子光後初

六則昨政 卽大典法

同年同月日集慶書

(translation)


원본 주소 "http://dh.aks.ac.kr/jsg/index.php?title=(Translation)_御製問業&oldid=20469"