"(Translation) 湖西暗行御史封書"의 두 판 사이의 차이

2018년 7월 11일 (수) 00:06 판

Primary Source
	Title
	English
	Chinese	湖西暗行御史封書
	Korean(RR)
	Text Details
	Genre	Royal Documents
	Type
	Author(s)
	Year	1799
	Source
	Key Concepts
	Translation Info
	Translator(s)	Participants of 2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced Translation Group)
	Editor(s)
	Year	2018

Introduction

Original Script

Classical Chinese	English
湖西一路土瘠而旣不多出人惰而又不昏作衣食之源本不及於兩南而今年賑邑又比兩南夥然一視之地尤未忍釋念者此也凡所以措施區劃之者錢爲六萬穀近四萬而尤甚則照乙亥之例願納則許空名之帖若使長吏得其人湖山千里之間尙庶幾回咷而爲笑但邑邑有難擇任人人有難盡職則雖傾敖倉之粟而散水衡之財顧何以濟衆生於溝壑之中乎衣繡者號稱直指以指陳之尙直也勿以勢力爲憚勿以顔私爲拘齎去事目特泛說也外此當採者左錄可按而栍邑之外傍郡沿路自可一體論列　　栍邑　牙山　平澤　泰安　延歧面里分等尙云細矣細固難矣況民戶乎尤甚之中又有㝡尤甚名色而戶之分等視邑之分等其所停退以次遞減邑雖之次戶則尤甚與尤甚邑之尤甚戶眞箇諺所云草綠一色則牛羊何擇焉先自分等之精濫各別詳探而停退之偏於官屬而不及貧殘者亦須採勘賑口當從戶分等矣或有入於尤甚而不入於賑者或有付於賑而初非入於尤甚秩者則二者之中一則誤矣見今輪氣才霽瘡痍甫起此政涵濡呴育之時而所謂恤典之題給不有朝飭邱原淺土行路猶歎至於病民救急則升龠有分而奸胥輩誅求督若官令不但惠不下究反爲貽害之端寧不駭痛在所嚴懲誘以歲儉巧事掊克牛酒之當禁而其立心也在於懲贖不在於守法民之受病莫大於此本道番上之軍尤甚邑限明年換番而各邑邑底有所謂都家者各哨旗隊長凡係呈訴糶糴出入官府之時日費百錢酒肉淋漓及其上番當次也輒討其債於旗隊下諸卒每人幾出十餘兩尤爲湖民痼瘼恩津之江景結城之廣川卽湖西都會之地也魚鹽之所出舟車之所湊民富俗厚自古稱樂土而近來漸不如古人烟日稀商估罕至此必官吏之誅求日甚而村氓之生理日艱而然其所以擧瘼興弊之策另具聞見以奏平澤處在畿湖之交而湖南大路太半由此故屠牛犯禁自昔蕩然官家進排又是無價官不惟不禁反令爲之距京師不滿百五十里之地法之不行已如此他邑何論	As to the whole region of Hosô¹ its soil is barren and do not produce many [crops], its people are lazy and do not work hard. As for (the sources of) clothing and eating, originally it does not match those of Ryangnam²; in addition, this year the ûp ³ [of Hosô] to be relieved are more than [those of] Ryangnam. [Even if I am] conceiving these places with the same eye , I particularly do not bear feeling reassured. This is how it is. In general, to those who are under the jurisdiction of this measure, give 60.000 jeon [MR: chŏn] of money and nearly 40.000 units of crops.But if [the situation is] particularly severe, then following the precedent of the Ŭrhae [RR: Eulhae, pinyin: Yihai] year grant those who are willing to pay the certificate of honorary title. If you dispatch Senior Subalterns and obtain such people, within the 1000 li of the lakes and mountains, people will likely turn their tears into laughter. But every ûp has difficulties in appointing officials, everyone has difficulties in fulfilling their duty. Thence, even if you empty the millet of the Ao Grainery and dispel the wealth of Shuiheng. Thereby, how could you help all the people in the abyss? Those who wear embroideries are called the straight pointers because of the straightforwardness of their pointed statement/pointing at things. You should not be afraid of those in power; you should not be hindered by personal affection. The list of matters is explained very expensively. Aside from this (list), the places which have been selected, you can refer [to them] on the record to the left, and apart from the ûp that you are assigned, along the road of the neighbouring prefectures, you can make a list and judge altogether at your discretion. Assigned ûp: Asan / Pyeongtaek / Tae’an / Yeon’gi The classification in myôn and li administration is considered to be meticulous. It is meticulous, therefore it is difficult. Let alone people’s households. In the designation of “particularly severe,” there is also a designation of ‘the most particularly severe’, and the ranking of households should emulate the ranking of ûp. As to the suspension [of grain taxes], the amount is reduced gradually according to their ranks. Although the ûp is the second worst, the households are now in ‘particularly severe’ state. Comparing the ‘particular severe’ ûp and the ‘particularly severe’ household, it indeed reflects the saying, “Grass and green share the same color.” Between cows and sheep, which to choose? First, we should rank them, according to whether they are good or bad, conduct a thorough investigation over each of them, and as to cases where the postponement was biased and went to the local functionaries whereas than to those who are impoverished and injured; we should examine it in a more conscious manner. As the number of relieved people, we should rank according to the households. In one case [the relief] went to those who are in ‘particularly severe’, but did not go to those whom received the relieve. In another case the relieve was delivered [to the localities], but initially it did not go to those of the “particularly severe”; within these two cases, one is wrong. We see that now the circulation of disease has eventually ceased, and the desolation after the disaster begins to appear. This is the moment to administer nourishing and nurturing, but the distribution of the called Hyuljeon has no direction from the government. In the graveyard and swallow soil, passer-bys are still lamenting. As to the sick people and the relief of emergency, [even] the amount [of rice] has distinction. And the cunning clerks and the like extort [from people] and oversee [the extortion] as if following government orders. They do not only benefit from not being inspected, they unexpectedly begin to be calamities. I would rather be not terrified by the pain, and strictly punish [them] at their place. Tempted by the year’s bad harvest, they opportunely commit extortion. Prohibiting beef and alcohol, and [so] establishing their mind aims to have them punished and redeem themselves; it does not aim at having them abiding the law. As for the disease that the people suffered, there is nothing greater than this. ¹ 湖西：Hoseo [MR: Hosŏ] (now Chungcheong [MR:Ch’ungch’ŏng]) ² 兩南：Ryangnam [MR: Ryangnam] are the ‘two Southernmost provinces’ Honam (湖南, now Jeolla [MR: Chŏlla]) and Yŏngnam (嶺南 , now Gyeongsang [MR: Kyŏngsang]) ³ 邑：Eup [MR: ûp] are equivalents of counties (or towns)

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References

Translation

(sample) : Jaeyoon Song

We've polished our translation a little, but this is still a tentative translation. Feel free to correct any part.

湖西一路，土瘠而旣不多出，人惰而又不昏作。《三国志·魏志·武帝纪》：“君劝分务本，穑人昏作，粟帛滞积，大业惟兴。” 晋潘岳《藉田赋》：“情欣乐於昏作兮，虑尽力乎树蓺。”(how to add this as a footnote?) As to the whole region of Hosô¹ its soil is barren and do not produce many [crops], its people are lazy and do not work hard.

衣食之源，本不及於兩南，而今年賑邑，又比兩南夥然。 As for (the sources of) clothing and eating, originally it does not match those of Ryangnam²; in addition, this year the ûp ³ [of Hosô] to be relieved are more than [those of] Ryangnam.

一視之地，尤未忍釋念者，此也。 [Even if I am] conceiving these places with the same eye , I particularly do not bear feeling reassured. This is how it is.

凡所以措施區劃之者，錢爲六萬，穀近四萬， In general, to those who are under the jurisdiction of this measure, give 60.000 jeon [MR: chŏn] of money and nearly 40.000 units of crops.

而尤甚則照乙亥之例, 願納(willing to pay)則許空名之帖(refers to selling honorary title). But if [the situation is] particularly severe, then following the precedent of the Ŭrhae [RR: Eulhae, Ch: Yihai] year grant those who are willing to pay the certificate of honorary title.(There was a famine in the year of 亥之, 1755, but we are not sure which measure is being referred, see http://sillok.history.go.kr/id/wua_13108016_002).

若使長吏, 得其人, 湖山千里之間, 尙庶幾回咷而爲笑. If you dispatch Senior Subalterns and obtain such people, within the 1000 li^{unit for measuring areas?} of the lakes and mountains^{(that is, in the countyside)}, people will likely turn their tears into laughter^{expression frequently seen in Veritable Records}.

但邑邑有難擇任, 人人有難盡職。 But every ûp has difficulties in appointing officials, everyone has difficulties in fulfilling their duty.

則雖傾敖倉之粟, 而散水衡之財。 Thence, even if you empty the millet of the Ao Grainery (a grainery built by the First Emperor of Qin to collect all the grains in his realm) and dispel the wealth of Shuiheng, ^{a government official during the Han dynasty responsible for overseeing the royal treasury and coinage}

顧何以濟衆生於溝壑之中乎。 Thereby, how could you help all the people in the abyss?

衣繡者號稱直指, 以指陳之尙直也。 Those who wear embroideries are called the straight pointers because of the straightforwardness of their pointed statement/pointing at things.

勿以勢力爲憚, 勿以顔私爲拘。 You shouldn’t be afraid of those in power; you shouldn’t be hindered by personal affection.

齎去事目，特泛說也。 The list of matters is explained very expensively.

外此當採者，左錄可按， Aside from this (list), the places which have been selected, you can refer [to them] on the record to the left,^{(Minor opinion: aside from this list, those that you should collect, or investigate, is recorded on the left, and you can refer to it.)}

而栍邑之外，傍郡沿路，自可一體論列 and apart from the ûp that you are assigned, along the road of the neighbouring prefectures, you can make a list and judge altogether at your discretion.

栍邑 Assigned ûp

牙山平澤泰安燕歧 Asan Pyeongtaek Tae’an Yeon’gi

面里分等，尙云細矣。細固難矣。況民戶乎。 The classification in myôn and li administration is considered to be meticulous. It is meticulous, therefore it is difficult. Let alone people’s households.

尤甚之中，又有㝡尤甚名色。 In the designation of “particularly severe,” there is also a designation of ‘the most particularly severe’,

而戶之分等，視邑之分等。 and the ranking of households should emulate the ranking of ûp.

其所停退, 以次遞減, 邑雖之次, 戶則尤甚. As to the suspension [of grain taxes], the amount is reduced gradually according to their ranks. Although the ûp is the second worst, the households are now (= “therefore”; I think it’s important to translate this idea of cause-consequence to make the readers understand) in ‘particularly severe’ state.

與尤甚邑之尤甚戶，眞箇諺所云草綠一色. Comparing the ‘particular severe’ ûp and the ‘particularly severe’ household, it indeed reflects the saying, “Grass and green share the same color.”

則牛羊何擇焉。先自分等之精濫。 Between cows and sheep, which to choose? First, we should rank them, according to whether they are good or bad^{anything to add?},

各別詳探，而停退之偏於官屬而不及貧殘者，亦須採勘。 conduct a thorough investigation over each of them, and as to cases where the postponement was biased and went to the local functionaries whereas than to those who are impoverished and injured; we should examine it in a more conscious manner.

賑口，當從戶分等矣。 As the number of relieved people, we should rank according to the households.

或有入於尤甚，而不入於賑者， In one case [the relief] went to those who are in ‘particularly severe’, but did not go to those whom received the relieve.

或有付於賑，而初非入於尤甚秩者，則二者之中，一則誤矣。 In another case the relieve was delivered [to the localities], but initially it did not go to those of the “particularly severe”; within these two cases, one is wrong.

見今輪氣才霽，瘡痍甫起。 We see that now the circulation of disease has eventually ceased, and the desolation after the disaster begins to appear.

此政涵濡呴育之時，而所謂恤典之題給，不有朝飭。 This is the moment to administer nourishing and nurturing, but the distribution of the called Hyuljeon [MR:Hyulchŏn] has no direction from the government.

邱原淺土, 行路猶歎. In the graveyard and swallow soil, passer-bys are still lamenting.

至於病民救急, 則升龠有分. As to the sick people and the relief of emergency, [even] the amount [of rice] has distinction.

而奸胥輩誅求，督若官令，不但惠不下究，反爲貽害之端。 And the cunning clerks and the like extort [from people] and oversee [the extortion] as if following government orders. They do not only benefit from not being inspected, they unexpectedly begin to be calamities.

寧不駭痛, 在所嚴懲, I would rather be not terrified by the pain, and strictly punish [them] at their place.

誘以歲儉, 巧事掊克. Tempted by the year’s bad harvest, they opportunely commit extortion.

牛酒之當禁, 而其立心也, 在於懲贖, 不在於守法. Prohibiting beef and alcohol, and [so] establishing their mind aims to have them punished and redeem themselves; it does not aim at having them abiding the law.

民之受病, 莫大於此. As for the disease that the people suffered, there is nothing greater than this.

本道番上之軍，尤甚邑，限明年換番。 Sending back the troops to the capital is also getting frequent, so we should limit their returns next year. (Inho: As to this province’s Army of Rotation^{referring to the practice of taking turn to send the local army to the capital}, for the ûp of the particularly severe category, reduce the rotation duty next year)(We need to do more survey on 番上 system http://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Contents/SearchNavi?keyword=%E7%95%AA%E4%B8%8A&ridx=0&tot=1).

而各邑邑底，有所謂都家者，各哨旗隊長，凡係呈訴糶糴。出入官府之時, 日費百錢, 酒肉淋漓。 And/but many ûp are low, that is what people from the capital say.When entering and exiting the government building, it costs hundred chŏn [RR: jeon] daily, and the meat and wine are abundant. (盛多；充盛。宋蘇軾《將至筠先寄遲適遠三猶子》詩：“我時移守古河東，酒肉淋漓渾舍喜。”) (Inho: In the ûp seat of each ûp, there is that which is called Doga [MR: Toga]^{referring to monopoly merchants}. When the head of each military unit visit the office regarding in general the matters of lawsuit and the grain loan, the daily expense costs hundred jeon(chŏn), and the meat and wine are abundantly offered.

及其上番當次也, 輒討其債於旗隊下諸卒. When their rotating duty is due, the Doga suddenly demands the payment of debt to the soldiers of the military units.

每人幾出十餘兩, 尤爲湖民痼瘼. Each person almost pays around ten yang. This has become a chronic disease of the people of Hoseo [MR: Hosŏ].

恩津之江景, 結城之廣川, 卽湖西都會之地也. Mount Ganggyeong [MR: Kanggyŏng] of Eunjin [MR: Ŭnjin] and Gwangcheon [MR: Kwangch'ŏn] river of Gyeolseong [MR: Kyŏlsŏng] are the metropolis areas of Hoseo [MR: Hosŏ].

魚鹽之所出，舟車之所湊，民富俗厚，自古稱樂土。 It is where fishes and salt are produced, where boats and carriages are assembled; people are rich and the customs are honest and sincere; from ancient times it is called the land of joy.

而近來漸不如古, 人烟日稀,商估罕至. But lately it gradually does not match the ancient times: signs of people’s habitation become sparse daily and merchants rarely arrive.

此必官吏之誅求日甚, 而村氓之生理日艱而然. This must be the result of local functionaries’ extortion that is worsening daily, so the livelihood of the country people is deteriorating accordingly.

其所以擧瘼興弊之策, 另具聞見以奏. As to the poant past.

官家進排, 又是無價. Officials’ ostentation and extravagance are also priceless.

官不惟不禁, 反令爲之. Officials not only did not prohibit [it], on the contrary they cause people to do so.

距京師不滿百五十里之地, 法之不行, 已如此. In a place less than a hundred fifty li from the capital, the situation where the law does not promulate has already become such state.

他邑何論. What (to say) about the other eup [MR: ûp]?

¹ 湖西：Hoseo [MR: Hosŏ] (now Chungcheong [MR:Ch’ungch’ŏng]) ² 兩南：Ryangnam [MR: Ryangnam] are the ‘two Southernmost provinces’ Honam (湖南, now Jeolla [MR: Chŏlla]) and Yŏngnam (嶺南 , now Gyeongsang [MR: Kyŏngsang]) ³ 邑：Eup [MR: ûp] ar equivalents of counties (or towns) ^? This roughly corresponds with the year 1755 and refers to an important famine that happened in automn during the king Yeongjo [MR: Yŏngjo]. ^? 恤典: Hyuljeon [MR: Hyulchôn] is a law that the royal court applies to give financial support to relatives of people who have died or to those who suffered serious injury. ^?

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translations:

^{unit for measuring areas?}

湖西(how do we translate?)一路(province or path?)土瘠而旣不多出, 人惰而又不昏作衣食之源, 本不及於兩南而今年賑邑又比兩南夥然一視之地尤未忍釋念者此也凡所

以措施區劃之者錢爲六萬穀近四萬而尤甚則照乙亥之例願納則

許空名之帖若使長吏得其人湖山千里之間尙庶幾回咷而爲笑但

邑邑有難擇任人人有難盡職則雖傾敖倉之粟而散水衡之財顧

何以濟衆生於溝壑之中乎衣繡者號稱直指以指陳之尙直也勿以

勢力爲憚勿以顔私爲拘齎去事目特泛說也外此當採者左錄可按

而栍邑之外傍郡沿路自可一體論列

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湖西一路, 土瘠而旣不多出, 人惰而又不昏作.

衣食之源, 本不及於兩南, 而今年賑邑, 又比兩南夥然,

一視之地, 尤未忍釋念者, 此也.

凡所以措施區劃之者, 錢爲六萬, 穀近四萬,

而尤甚則照乙亥之例, 願納則許空名之帖.

若使長吏, 得其人, 湖山千里之間, 尙庶幾回咷而爲笑.

但邑邑有難擇任, 人人有難盡職,

則雖傾敖倉之粟, 而散水衡之財.

顧何以濟衆生於溝壑之中乎.

衣繡者號稱直指, 以指陳之尙直也,

勿以勢力爲憚, 勿以顔私爲拘.

齎去事目, 特泛說也, 外此當採者, 左錄可按,

而栍邑之外, 傍郡沿路, 自可一體論列

　　栍邑

　牙山　平澤　泰安　延歧

面里分等, 尙云細矣. 細固難矣, 況民戶乎.

尤甚之中, 又有㝡尤甚名色.

而戶之分等, 視邑之分等.

其所停退, 以次遞減, 邑雖之次, 戶則尤甚.

與尤甚邑之尤甚戶, 眞箇諺所云草綠一色.

則牛羊何擇焉. 先自分等之精濫.

各別詳探, 而停退之偏於官屬而不及貧殘者, 亦須採勘.

賑口, 當從戶分等矣.

或有入於尤甚, 而不入於賑者,

或有付於賑, 而初非入於尤甚秩者, 則二者之中, 一則誤矣.

見今輪氣才霽, 瘡痍甫起.

此政涵濡呴育之時, 而所謂恤典之題給, 不有朝飭.

邱原淺土, 行路猶歎.

至於病民救急, 則升龠有分.

而奸胥輩誅求, 督若官令, 不但惠不下究, 反爲貽害之端.

寧不駭痛, 在所嚴懲,

誘以歲儉, 巧事掊克.

牛酒之當禁, 而其立心也在於懲贖, 不在於守法.

民之受病, 莫大於此.

本道番上之軍, 尤甚邑, 限明年換番.

而各邑邑底, 有所謂都家者, 各哨旗隊長, 凡係呈訴糶糴.

出入官府之時, 日費百錢, 酒肉淋漓.

及其上番當次也, 輒討其債於旗隊下諸卒.

每人幾出十餘兩, 尤爲湖民痼瘼.

恩津之江景, 結城之廣川, 卽湖西都會之地也.

魚鹽之所出, 舟車之所湊, 民富俗厚, 自古稱樂土.

而近來漸不如古, 人烟日稀,商估罕至.

此必官吏之誅求日甚, 而村氓之生理日艱而然.

其所以擧瘼興弊之策, 另具聞見以奏.

平澤, 處在畿湖之交. 而湖南大路, 太半由此.

故屠牛犯禁, 自昔蕩然.

官家進排, 又是無價.

官不惟不禁, 反令爲之.

距京師不滿百五十里之地, 法之不行, 已如此.

他邑何論.

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