2018 GGHS Team 3
목차
Team Members
| Team Position | Name (English) | Name (Korean) | Student ID | Wiki ID |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Teacher | Anand | 아난드 | N/A | N/A |
| Leader | Moon Ji Won | 문지원 | 20104 | 3문지원 |
| Vice-Leader | Lee Seung A | 이승아 | 20715 | 3이승아 |
| Member | Soon Soo Hyeon | 순수현 | 20306 | Soohyeonsoon |
| Member | Oh Ji An | 오지안 | 20110 | 3오지안 |
| Member | Kim Ba Da | 김바다 | 10722 | 김바다 |
| Member | Han Yeo Won | 한여원 | 10720 | dff |
| Member | An Yeon Hwa | 안연화 | 10510 | 3안연화 |
Introduction
This year since May 19th, demonstrations have continued at Hyehwa Station. The protest, according to the organizers there were around 12,000 people participated in the first demonstration, 22,000 people participated in the second demonstration, and around 60,000 people participated in the third demonstration, which was not a problem for the demonstrators. These protest were beyond simple demonstration and kind of shocking. In this protest people shouted the slogan for “The advancement of women's right” based on feminism, which is emerging in Korean Society. Various media as well as SNS are promoting the demonstration and also sharing their opinion about it. This proves that Korean society is dealing with the women’s right very seriously.
In the history of Korea, women suffered physical and mental oppression for a long period of time, until we accepted this as a human rights abuse. What do you think about the condition women during Goryeo Dynasty? This year , on 1100th anniversary of Goryeo Dynasty, we need to think about the women who lived during Goryeo dynasty. Now we can’t help them but at least think about their condition during Goryeo period.
This study will analyze and contrast the life of women in Goryeo Dynasty, Joseon Dynasty which means a complete decline of women’s status and Modern Society by showing the lives of them. Through this study, we would like to send a small message that could help to solve the problems of our society and urge us to solve them.
Body
The Status of Women in the Koryo Dynasty
1) Women's status during the Goryeo Dynasty
During the Goryeo Dynasty, women's social advancement was not the same as men's. However, the status of women between social and family members was relatively equal compared to that of the Joseon Dynasty. We explored the social characteristics of women in the Goryeo Dynasty.
During the Goryeo Dynasty, Women’s remarriage and divorce were free. As Goryeo had no social antipathy to remarriage, it was possible to remarry if conditions were okay. According to some historical record the queen during Goryeo dynasty married again, which was common during that time. And there was no idea that Goryeo should have continue a family dynasty or exist a son preference. Therefore, if families of Goryeo had no children, they were able to go back to their home and make a new life after the divorce.
The sons and daughters were given equal portions of their wealth, and the ancestral memorial services were equally divided. As she inherited her property without distinction of sex, she was also given a duty. During the Goryeo Dynasty, daughters were able to inherit equally as their sons because they were the main masters of their duties. The right to inherit an equal property was accompanied by the obligation to perform ancestral rites equally. This is called " Yoon Haeng " the chinese character Yoon means " wheel " and " Yoon Haeng " means " Do thing by turns. " This means that the person who performed ancestral rites is not responsible for them, but that they are held in turn by their brothers and sisters.
The woman possessed her property independently. With the inheritance of children, women were able to own a large amount of property and remain their property after the marriage ended.
Women could have been head of family, and the family registry could have been listed in chronological order without discriminating between children. This means that women can exercise property rights or inheritance rights. According to this fact, the Goryeo Dynasty is referred to as a bilateral pro-communist society, which puts a similar weight on the blood line on the mother side, unlike the Joseon Dynasty, where only the blood line was emphasized.
During the Goryeo Dynasty, daughters and sons were given almost equal opportunities in the inheritance of status. If their ancestors did not pass on much property, they could increase their wealth by as much as possible while serving in the government, which would have made them more important to them. ' In pre-modern society women were not allowed to be officials, so naturally the inheritance of a daughter's status was given to a man through her. The target at this time was none other than her husband or son. In other words, in Goryeo, a system was in place to allow the sons and grandchildren to enter government service on the basis of their ancestors ' virtues, while those who could not only benefit from the books were in high order. Back then, the benefits of the school were not only for the male to male family but also for the daughter to daughter family. In other words, the inheritance of status shows that men and women were treated almost equally.
Monogamy was common. The time when Goryeo was subjugated in Yuan Dynasty to claim monogamy, and when Yuan Dynasty did not ask for a daughter from Goryeo, not only the daughter of the royal family, but also the godless.
The man lived in his in-laws for a long time after his marriage. When a woman enters her husband's residential area, women are subject to male authority because she is absorbed into the husband's family. On the other hand, a family system in which a husband is married is a phenomenon that occurs in a society with maternal relatives. Therefore, if you look at the rate of residence, you can estimate to some extent the status of women in the family and society.
An Example of a Woman's Status in the Goryeo Dynasty - Buddhist monk Jin-hye : The ambassador she received is a higher level of succession than the " Daeduk, " which male monks received after they passed the bar during the Goryeo Dynasty. Although there is a limit to what was given after death, it is almost the only case in which she received the position of ambassador as a female monk through 500 years of Goryeo. In this case, the ambassador believes that she demonstrated the status of women in Buddhism during the Goryeo Dynasty. - Thorn of Goryeo Dynasty Yeom Kyung-ae was buried next to her father after her death, and her daughter returned to her home when her husband passed away.
The status of women in the Joseon Dynasty
2) The Status of Women in the Joseon Dynasty
● A change in the status of women in the Joseon Dynasty
- Women's status, such as the Goryeo Dynasty, continued until the early Joseon period and gradually declined after the mid Joseon Dynasty. - In the early Joseon Dynasty : Chinjeongsari( She lives with her family even after she got married) - After mid Joseon: married life in the home of the husband's parents
Until the Goryeo and mid Joseon periods, the status of women had not changed significantly and discrimination was also small. Discrimination was not so much, and you can feel the atmosphere for freedom. Therefore, Goryeo was considered to have a good image for woman in the history of the Korean Peninsula. However, these women's positions were gradually changed by the change of the country and Neo-Confucianism.
● Reasons for Gender Discrimination in the Joseon Dynasty
The emphasis on gender discrimination due to Confucianism. By the late Joseon Dynasty, women's social status decreased even more.
Confucianism played a big part in the existence of gender discrimination in the Joseon Dynasty.
● A woman's life
Women in the Joseon Dynasty were discriminated against in many ways. First, there were difficulties in remarrying. Since the mid Joseon Period, when women lost their husbands, they never dreamed of getting married again. It was not impossible to remarry, but there was a law in which the children of a remarried woman could not see the past. During the Goryeo Dynasty, many people did not hesitate to remarry or even become queen through remarriage, but during the Joseon Dynasty, more and more people opposed remarrying.
Second, there was discrimination in the inheritance of wealth, limited social activities, and limited living, such as focusing only on household chores. Seven cardinal vices are the seven wrongs a husband can kick out his wife. The Confucian religion developed from ancient China. ⓵ not taking care of parents-in-law ⓶ not having a son ⓷ A dishonest act ⓸ Jealousy ⓹ having a genetic disorder of leprosy and epilepsy ⓺ A talkative person ⓻. stealing, 3 and 7 are becoming illegal in modern times, but the remaining numbers represent the necessity of a feudal family system. It seems that women's freedom of life was suppressed as such because they saw women as being forced to follow men.
● Discrimination against women of different social standing
After the 17th century, the status of women changed greatly as they emphasized Confucian ideas. Women were deprived of the right to enjoy outside and only basic knowledge was learned so that limited knowledge would not interfere with women's daily lives. When her husband died, she was banned from remarrying for three years and discriminated against her children by not being able to hold office. This was virtually the same as keeping a woman's chastity. There was discrimination in the family tree, but men were first recorded in the late Joseon period, and then women. Women were not allowed to attend the ancestral rites and were excluded from the inheritance. Also, their identities were strictly divided, so that different women from noble families, Sangmin women, and lower-class people were discriminated against.
1. The aristocracy
During the Joseon Dynasty, social status was clearly divided, and women in the upper class were especially discriminated against men in the upper classes. While men studied and went into the society, women had to keep staying in the house, thus they could have only basic education to keep their daily lives and they couldn’t study professionally. Most of their time at home has led to repressive living such as cooking, welcoming, and serving. It was difficult to remarry a husband if he lost his husband, and if he remarried, his children would not have any government positions, and in the circumstances very few remarriages.
2. General layer
During the Joseon Dynasty, the life of women in the general class was mainly about physical labor. During the Joseon Dynasty, women who were merchants had to do everything, including household chores, farming, and childcare, and were often responsible for making a living. Farming mainly worked in the fields of his household or went to the forest to pick up vegetables, while domestic chores such as laundry, cleaning, and rice were in charge. And like a yangban woman, she had no restrictions on her dress and made it all night after 15 days of hard work to complete a piece of burlap.
3. Slave Although it is not well documented, he has undertaken hard work in government and in the houses of the aristocrats.
Daily restrictions
With the latter part of the Joseon Dynasty, stricter regulations in women's lives grew every day. The women of the class should refrain from going out, but when they went out, they had to wear things like robes on their heads and cover their faces. When they had to ride the kiln, they had to use a kiln called a jade with a different roof and a clogged roof. It was a social structure of the Joseon Dynasty that women thought they had no ability to solve on their own. A woman is considered incapable of thinking for herself and acting on her own, and if she marries, she must become a member of her husband and dedicate her duties and sincerity as a " protector ".
삼종지도(三從之道) It clearly describes the social status of women at that time. It shows how weak a woman's status is and discriminated against. " A woman must follow her father before she marries him, follow her husband in marriage and follow her child after her husband dies. " The phrase only emphasizes the fact that women follow their husbands without any details about their own lives.
Famous female in Joseon Dynasty Shin Saimdang, who lived between 1504 and 1551 (the 10th year of King Yeonsan's reign), was raised by her mother while living on her mother's side and learned her literature. She married Lee Won-soo, 19. She didn’t live in her husband’s house but stayed in her house because he was also the son of her mother, who had no son.
Her paintings, letters, and poetry come down, and are the main topics of conversation, including fulbule, grape, flower, orchid and arithmetic. It is a delicate fact, as if it is a lively reality, so when he tried to put out a picture of a full ball in the yard and dry it in the summer, the chicken would come and peck at it.
Scholars ' respect for the Shin Saimdang even higher in the 18th century when the academic value of studying abroad reached its peak, eventually turning her into a symbol of female virtue and motherhood. In other words, the mythology of the Saimdang image was produced throughout the 17th century and formed in the 18th century. Saimdang was a woman who gave birth to Yi in the spirit of sacred heaven
In addition, it appears as a ' Women in the rear ground' and ' mother of a military country ' by intellectuals who have accepted the Japanization
Therefore, Shin Saimdang, a great artist during the Joseon Dynasty, should not be remembered as a good wife and wise mother.
Heo Nanseolheon : More difficult success as a woman.
Heo Nanseolheon was an outstanding literary artist. She grew up in a house with a relatively free atmosphere. Her second brother, Hur Bong-eun, recognized her talent early on, leaving her educated this month. Huh Nan-sul-hun, who showed off her genius as a child, surprised the adults around hers by writing a poem entitled " Baekcheol-sang-gang Gate " at the age of eight.
She married Kim at the age of 15. Hur Nan-sul-hun, who lived in a relatively free family tradition, was not well adapted to the life of a patriarchal family. This is manifest in her poetry. The poem depicting a husband in the beginning of a marriage or a state, he later felt skeptical about marriage and created a poem that created a stir in the male-oriented society.
She died at the age of 27. She made a will to burn all her poems. However, her brother Heo Gyun published a collection of poems she had left at her home and her poems she was reciting to. Nanseolheongbok became popular in China and Japan, and was reevaluated by high ranking intellectuals in the late Joseon period to recognize her as the only poet and outstanding genius in the royal family. But this is all after death. Instead of spreading her poetry widely or getting a proper assessment of her abilities, she lived in chains to manservatism and patriarchy because she was a woman.
The status of women in the Modern Society
Comparion of Women’s Status among different time period
Conclusion
We looked at the lives of women in our history through this study. Furthermore, by analyzing the differences and similarities between the two, we had a brief overview of the history of women's human rights. This activity provided an opportunity to think deeply about human rights, thus human rights, as well as women's rights.
Through this study, we will be more concerned about human rights, and by extension, the authors of the study have come to realize the link between human ethics and history, to integrate it with reality, and thus the violation of women’s human rights that occurs around us even the rights of living creatures in the world.
