Morning Calm v.6 no.63(1895 Sep.)

The MORNING CALM. No. 63, VOL. VI.] SEPTEMBER 1895. [Price 1d.

The Bishop's Letter.

SEOUL: May 1895. DEAR FRIENDS,

This will ever be a memorable month in Corea. In the early part of it the treaty of peace was signed between China and Japan in Chefoo, by which Corea became autonomous and passed from the hands of China into those of Japan. The week, almost the day, on which the treaty was signed will long live in the memories of Coreans; for then the Japanese order came into force, compelling them to exchange the white outer robe which every Corean has worn for centuries for one of black, or (as the Oxford University Statutes would say) subfuse hue. People who on that day ventured into the streets in their usual clothes had them torn off their backs by the police. This display of power is very effective, and is of course analogous to the shaving of the head which was imposed on the Chinese by their Manchu conquerors, at the beginning of the present dynasty. If you can compel men to change their tailors and their barbers, you can compel them to do almost anything. At present the poor Coreans, knowing that they have been made to look ridiculous by their enemies, appear crestfallen enough. Perhaps, one day they will be as proud of these extraordinary looking garments as the Chinese now are of their long queues and shaven heads. Let us hope, however, that the Japanese have in store some benefits of a more solid and civilising nature for their new vassals. Meanwhile all who have houses in the country are anxious to sell their town houses and quit the capital for good, preferring to enjoy their autonomy in places where as yet Japanese power has not made itself aggressively felt. Thus it has happened that properties adjoining Nak Tong and Tyeng Tong respectively have fallen into our hands, whilst we have the refusal of a third. Japanese shops and houses are being built all over the city, and our quarter in Nak Tong threatens very soon to become entirely Japanese.

Our new property at Tyeng Tong will one day, I hope, be useful for the Orphanage. Large, and adjoining the Sisters' compound, it seems admirably adapted for the purpose. My last letter told you of the arrival and baptism of our first orphan in Seoul. Not long after a second child was brought to the Sisters, who, as she came to them on the 6th, had her baptized by the name of Joanna. But alas ! I have to tell you that our first orphan, our little Anna, has already found a permanent home in her Heavenly Father's house. The details have not reached me yet, but her death must have been sudden. Two days before, as I was leaving Seoul, she was not ailing. Please note that the burial of little Anna is the first burial in Corea of any one connected with the Mission. What a lesson does this infant baptism and speedy death read to us! Jesus has called His little child unto Him, and in such wise that we know she is “undoubtedly saved." Would that the same could be said of us! But it is very good for us to have the assurance of a treasure so secured. Poor little Anna, a castaway of whom the world was not worthy, has reached that heavenly home safely, whilst we, laden with the comforts and luxuries of civilisation, blessed with many friends and abundant means of knowledge and of grace, we, I say, are stumbling along behind her and shall count ourselves happy if we attain so great salvation. Yes, it is good, because it is so humbling to the pride of the cultivated Englishman who makes so little use of his gifts, to remember that it is not by might nor by power," but simply by the Spirit of the Lord of Hosts" that such great things are accomplished.

I concluded my ten days' visit to our hospitable friends at Kang Hoa at the beginning of the month. Mr. Warner, of whom naturally I saw a good deal just then, was much occupied in writing some short tracts on simple subjects to be given away to the folk on the island. He submitted the first tract to me when I was there, and very excellent and useful it seemed to be.

The subject was, " Why have the English Missionaries come to Corea ?" Since then I have read the English of the rest of his proposed series. These are some of the subjects : " What is God Why does man need a Saviour" What happens after death?" " Sin," and " How to learn Christianity." These tracts will of course be printed by us, and I daresay that other members of the Mission, besides Mr. Warner, will find much use for them. It is a great thing to know that we are at last feeling our way. Mr. Warner, by close contact with the people, has found what their needs are just at the time when his knowledge of the language begins to enable him to supply them.

After spending a Sunday in Chemulpó I went back to Seoul and had a fortnight's hard and uninterrupted work with my teacher. Did I tell you in my last that Mr. Hodge has what he calls a Bible Class every Sunday afternoon? Two discharged patients who are homeless and orphans have been taken on by him in the printing and book binding departments. They live in the house with us, and on Sundays Mr. Hodge reads Lumen to them. One cannot read at all, the other reads fairly well. But Mr. Hodge naturally found it very difficult to convey to them the meaning of Lumen, in other words than the word of Lumen itself. I found that for his and their convenience he was manufacturing a sort of catechism in which his design was to split up the long sentences into parts, and preface each part with a query as to meaning. It was an excellent study for him, and I found that he had taken amazing pains with it. I thought too that I could help him by adding questions and answers on subjects suggested by the words of Lumen, a very large number of which, as you know, are unfamiliar to Coreans not only because they are couched in language whose style is unknown to them, but because Christian ideas must always be at first unintelligible to the heathen. I set to work and accomplished catechisms on the first six chapters of Lumen, which, as soon as they were finished, were printed by Mr. Hodge and distributed to the various members of the Mission. Before I left Seoul I had the satisfaction of hearing from Mr. Hodge that he had found one of them useful for his class on the following Sunday. I will send the Editor a translation of the catechism on the Preface, in order that, if he has room to insert it, you may judge for yourself of the kind of thing which these catechisms aim at. Only you must remember that this one, like the rest, are suggestive rather than exhaustive, and is intended at once to raise a spirit of enquiry in those who read the Scriptures for the first time, and to give our teachers an opening which will enable them to pursue the subject in any direction they please. As to the originals, it will be sufficient to say that they are far from satisfactory, which is only another way of saying that my knowledge of the language is exceedingly limited. I am not always sure, for example, that the very words I use bear the meanings that I intend them to bear. But for a beginning it must do, and I hope that not much harm will have been done before dear Trollope comes out again to correct my mistakes, or to give us an altogether better commentary.

I do not think that I have any news for you of the rest of us. We are all well, and the work at all the hospitals is as satisfactory as ever. Dr. Landis at St. Luke's has never been so busy before. There is an enormous quantity of sickness at Chemulpó, and sickness which is often most fatal to Coreans the dreaded Yem Pyeng Curiously enough there is very little of it in Seoul, though at this season of the year it is generally very prevalent. Dr. Landis has for a long time had his wards, crammed with patients. He is obliged to discharge them before they have regained their strength in order to make room for others who are constantly applying to be received. He has now between fifty and sixty who lie close together on the bare floors of his very limited space. No foreigner on seeing this mass of humanity could imagine that any benefit could be gained by such treatment. But he physics them, and above all, feeds them and they do get well. A great number of his patients come from the island of Quelpart in the South, where there is just now a severe famine. The poor fellows' sickness is undoubtedly caused or at least induced by their half-starved condition. On the 23rd H.M.S. Daphne left for Chefoo. Men-of-war having for a long time been our only means of communicating direct with China, I begged a passage in her, which was at once granted with the kindness which always characterises Capt. MacArthur. How I shall get back to Corea I as yet know not. Nor do I know whether I shall be able to do the two things which have made my departure at such a time necessary-namely to see Bishop Scott on business of a very important kind, and to pay a visit to Niu Chwang. In my next I hope to tell you how much of this I shall have been able to accomplish. Praying for blessing on you all,

I am, always your affectionate C. J. CORFE.

A Catechism on certain words and ideas contained in the Preface of Lumen. (St. Paul's Sermon on Mars Hill. Acts xvii. 24-31.) 1. What is the meaning of the word used here for “the world" (v. 24) ? - Everything that is made. 2. What do you mean by everything ?-I mean all things visible and invisible. 3. Who made the things that are in heaven and earth ?-Almighty God made them all. 4. Who made God ?- God has no birth. Having everlasting life in Himself, God alone has true life. 5. What is God?- The nature of God is that of an Eternal, Almighty, All-wise, perfectly holy, pure Spirit 6. Where is God ? Being pure Spirit God does not dwell in houses made with hands (v. 25). 7. Then where is He? -God is in every place; but His throne is in heaven. 8. Who governs the world and all things therein ?-God is the Supreme Ruler of the world and all that He has created. 9. After creating us what did God give us ?-God preserves in us the life which He has given, since in Him we live and move and have our being (v. 28). 10. Have we, then, everything from God ? - Yes. Since He created us and all things, it is from God that we obtain everything which we have. 11. Can you see God - No man hath seen God at any time. 12. Can you form any idea as to the shape of God? - God has no shape. To conjecture one is impossible. 13. Is it right to make a shape to represent God. It is altogether impossible for man to devise a form of God by graving in gold, silver, wood or stone (v. 29). 14. Since we cannot see God can God see us?-God being in our midst and knowing all our thoughts and the desires of our hearts can undoubtedly see us. 15. Have men always been aware that God is pure-Spirit and without shape ?-No. Men have not known this, and consequently they have manufactured forms of God for themselves; each one according to his own imagination. 16. What did God do to men when His nature had not as yet been revealed to men? -The times of their ignorance God winked at (v. 30). 17. But now that God has revealed His nature, what does He expect man to do?-God now commands all men everywhere to repent (v. 30). 18. What do you mean by repentance? - When I know my sins, and confess them, and resolve firmly never again to commit them, that is repentance. 19. What do you mean by sin?-Sin is the thinking and speaking, and acting contrary to the Will of God. 20. Are, then, all men sinners?-Since no one exactly conforms to the Will of God, all men are consequently sinners. 21. Does God regard sin with detestation?-Yes. With such detestation does God regard sin that He will judge every man for every sin which he commits (v. 31). 22. When, and by whom, will God effect this judgment?-On a day known only to Himself, and by a Man whom He has ordained will God judge the world. 23. What assurance has God given to men that He will do this -God raised from the dead to life again the Man by whom He will judge the world, 24. Who is this Man, and what do you know of Him?–His Name is Jesus, and His doings and the doctrines He taught have been written in books by those who knew Him personally. 25. When did this Jesus live? - About 1,900 years ago. 26. Why did they write these books about Him? They wrote them that might believe that Jesus is the Son of God, and that believing I might have life through His Name.

The Spirit of Missions.

“No one has a right to be called a Christian who doth not do somewhat in his station towards the discharge of this trust [the stewardship of the faith on behalf of others]; who doth not, for instance, assist in keeping up the profession of Christianity where he lives. And it is an obligation but little more remote to assist in doing it in our factories abroad and in the colonies, to which we are related by their being peopled from our own mothercountry, and subjects-indeed very necessary ones - to the same Government with ourselves; and heavier yet is the obligation upon such persons in particular as have the intercourse of an advantageous commerce with them."-Bishop Butler. 

The Universities' Mission to CENTRAL AFRICA has recently suffered great losses in its medical staff. Not long ago Dr. Robinson (who is now working with the Deep Sea Mission to Fishermen in Labrador) was invalided home owing to dangerous illness; and now Dr. Ley has been called to rest. According to the Church Times, "he had lately to take a trying journey down to Zanzibar with a patient, but on his return seemed to be much better. On the Thursday before Whitsun Day he went to visit a sick German, who was a friend of his. The weather turned wet, and he had to swim a river, and got soaked, and had no proper change. He returned on Friday night, and on Sun day was in church and made his communion. In the afternoon he became feverish and went to bed. On Monday night there were symptoms of haematuria, and on Tuesday Dr. Palmer was summoned from Mkuzi. He arrived that evening, and though the worst symptom disappeared, he was much alarmed at the great exhaustion. Dr. Ley was conscious throughout. On Saturday the temperature again rose, and was accompanied by extreme prostration and threatened failure of respiration and circulation. He was able to take stimulant and liquid nourishment freely, but notwithstanding this the vital power continued to fail, and he died on Monday morning. Mr. Tyrwhitt was with him at the last, and gave him the Blessed Sacrament. The end was quite peaceful. “The funeral took place that evening, and one who was present writes : The people made a great lamentation. I have never heard anything like it before at the funeral of a European.'"

The news of his death adds a strangely pathetic interest to his own account of a snake-bite from which he had recently suffered, and which in fact contributed to his death by the illhealth to which it gave rise. The account, as given in a letter from Dr. Ley to the Secretary of the Guild of S. Luke, is as follows: - "I have met with a personal experience lately—the bite of a venomous snake. The reptile was rather less than half grown, about four feet long. It was a bright green snake ; and of the color there are two kinds, the one poisonous, and when full grown deadly, the other perfectly harmless. The natives call them both by the same name- 'mgole.’ In the case of a young specimen it is not easy to tell at a glance whether it is of the harmless or venomous kind, and that is how I came to act in the incautious way I did. When I first saw it, it was lodged on the ridge-pole of an outhouse and was tightly wound round it. I managed to dislodge it, and hoped that in doing so I had dam aged it enough to be able to dispatch it easily before it could escape. When it fell to the ground, however, I found that it was damaged less than I thought. In my anxiety to prevent its escape I unthinkingly placed my foot on it with the idea of detaining it while I battered its head in, but objecting to this, it twice delivered a vicious bite on the front of my right leg just above the ankle. The moment I saw it strike I felt sure it must be poisonous from the way in which it struck. It was speedily despatched, and then I examined the mouth. The two curved fangs in the upper jaw cleared up all doubts about its being venomous. I then endeavored to suck the wound, which was bleeding tolerably freely. Having sucked it well, I proceeded indoors to apply further treatment. Moving was, however, very painful, and the leg had already commenced to swell and had become very uncomfortable, for, in addition to the pain, there was a burning, tingling feeling that was rapidly spreading up my leg and to other parts of my body. This tingling was also in my mouth and seemed to spread thence down the gullet to the stomach. On reaching my room I asked Mr. Griffin for some brandy, and on his bringing it, drank off about four ounces with about half as much water. After some delay, some strong ammonia and some permanganate of potash was brought and the wound washed with a strong solution of the latter. By this time I was getting oblivious of my surroundings. Violent vomiting and sweating set in, and there was a sensation that my face was swelling. I began to think I should never see another sunrise. I was utterly unable to collect my thoughts, being full of nothing but pain and prostration. Worn out with pain and retching, I begged that a little chloroform might be given me, and that did me a good turn, for it enabled me to get rest and to recover my nerve. Dr, Palmer, From Zanzibar, who happens to be on a visit to these parts just now, came over from Mkuzi in the afternoon, gave a morphia injection, and attended me. For three days I had considerable Pain and my faculties seemed benumbed, and it was not until the twelfth day that I was able to get about, and there is still Some pain about the leg; the seat of the bite is numbed and the ankle is painful, so that I cannot yet get downstairs, and I fear it will be some time before it regains its former suppleness."

After the end of the Zulu War, Dinuzulu, one of the sons of King Cetshwayo, was exiled, like Napoleon, to the island of St. Helena, and through the Church there he has been brought to the knowledge and acceptance of the Truth. He is now anxious that his own people should share the same blessing, and has sent a letter to the Bishop of Zululand, a translation of which is given in the Mission Field for last May. It is as follows : " Maldivia, St. Helena, “ October 17, 1894. " “To the Bishop William, Eshowe, Zululand. “I respectfully salute thee, servant of the Lord. "I have read your letter which you wrote on August 16, 1894, about my people who wish to be taught about Jesus Christ Our Lord. "I, Dinuzulu, rejoice much to hear that you, the Bishop, are about to send a teacher, who is going to teach the people. I thank you very much. "I had sent to my mother at the Usutu, that she might seek a person to teach all the people. “For I, though here in St. Helena, should be glad to obtain one of our country, so that we might join together in teaching all the people-those who do not wish to learn and those who do, since there are many of the Zulu people who do not desire to learn, because of their regard for the amadhlozi (ancestral spirits)—a thing which helps not at all-which is nothing. "I am also very thankful to Sir Marshall Clark, because he said rightly that I should first be told (i.e, of the sending a teacher to his people). " I earnestly request that you will tell me when the teacher has gone, and I shall be glad if you will hasten him, and will you ask him, on my behalf, to write to me very frequently and tell me about his (work of) teaching, and then I shall endeavor to assist him. "I am sorry that there was delay in my receipt of your letter, I ought to have replied to it before. I have only just received it (October 10, 1894). "With sincere respect, I am, " DINUZULU, son of Cetshwayo."

Here is an extract from a letter by Mrs. Bompas, wife of the Bishop of Selkirk in North-Western America, giving an account of the circumstances of the work of the Church there : - “We have had it pretty cold through the month of January and the first week in February, the thermometer ranging from 30° to 55° and 64° (below zero). Even this low temperature is endurable so long as the air is still, but, if the least wind rises, it requires very strong courage and resolution to take a walk. But our north-west attire is such as to render us almost impervious to cold and our 'brave north-easters,' and even 100 degrees of frost fail to penetrate our sealskin, long-legged boots, and deerskin 'parquets,' which parquets are a coat and hood all in one, the latter completely covering the head and forehead and edged with a thick fringe of gray wolf fur.

“We welcomed the first disk of the sun back on January 7. We had had no sun above our horizon for nearly six weeks, and so we hailed his return almost with shouts and acclamations. Yet in these snowy regions our winter nights are by no means of pitchy darkness. Even had we no aurora to shed its consecrated gleams upon our sky, the reflection from our bright carpet of snow is enough to make visible most of the surrounding landscape. Our twilight also is so long that, even when the sun does not rise at all, there are lovely streaks of day-dawn in the south-east in the early morning, and the last streak will not expire till nearly 5 P.M. "Our mission buildings at Buxton consist of a small log house, well stuffed with moss between each log, and banked up with earth to keep out the cold. Also a good-sized schoolhouse, adjoining. In this the Bishop holds services, i.e., daily evensong, and morning and evening prayers in Indian on Sundays, and one service in English for the miners and other white people round Forty Mile Creek. One longs greatly to get a church started, but our funds will not allow this at present, although there is abundance of wood near, and our Indians, I doubt not, would give their services for part of the building. It is sad to have but one mean-looking building for all our church services, including, as in the last two years, two ordinations, one confirmation, two marriages, &c. “Throughout the last winter, with a temperature as low as 55° and 64° below zero, when the lamps would hardly burn from the frozen oil, we never failed to have our little band of worshippers at evensong, men holding their ears from the cold, women Wrapped in their blankets, little ones toddling along in their rabbit-skin coats, would hasten in at the sound of the mission bell, and join heartily in the singing." The Pacific Churchman states that the Bishop of California (Dr. Nichols) and Bishop Nicholas of Alaska, prelate of the Orthodox Eastern Church, recently met in San Francisco and held a friendly conference. “The question of the validity of English orders was discussed, in regard to which the testimony in their favor of Dr. Dollinger, Bishop Reinkens, and the Abbé Duchesne, as no partial witnesses, were cited. Bishop Nichols invited Bishop Nicholas, who had expressed a desire to be at some function of ours, to be present with him in the chancel of some one of our churches, at a service to be arranged, perhaps at Christmas, and the invitation was cordially accepted…

The interview closed with a prayer for unity by the Greek Bishop, followed by our Prayer Book supplication for the same blessing by Bishop Nichols, and then most appropriately the prayer of St. Chrysostom from our daily service. When Bishop Nichols, kneeling, asked his brother to pronounce a blessing, the latter, grasping the hand of the other, and raising him to his feet, intimated that according to Oriental etiquette he could not do that to his equal (reminding one of a certain Scripture text-see Heb. vii.). Bishop Nicholas, however, gave his blessing to the three priests that were present, and so the interview ended." The Rev. E. J. Peck, of the Diocese of MOOSONEE, has erected a church out of the rib-bones of a whale and covered it with skins. The church, which is situate at Cumberland Sound, near the borders of the Arctic Circle, was opened in the course of last year, and is commonly referred to as the “ Tabernacle in the Wilderness."

In reply to various criticisms in the press, Mr. Eugene Stock, editorial secretary of the Church Missionary Society, writes to the Times to explain the Society's position :- “1. We believe that the Son of God came into the world to save men from sin. Of course, those who do not believe it, naturally regard Christian Missions as a fad, and not always a harmless fad. But if we do believe it, it is surely a simple and elementary duty to tell those who do not know it. We are not merely trying to get men to give up their own ‘doxy' and take our ‘doxy.’ We are conveying to them the knowledge of a fact which, if it be a fact, it is all-important for them to know. Moreover, we believe that our Master gave us in the plainest terms the command to make the fact known. This is the one fundamental principle of Missions. "2. It follows necessarily that no perils, however serious, and no obstacles, however apparently insuperable, can release us from so plan and elementary a duty. The perils and obstacles of the present day are not greater than those of the Apostolic age. A few Jews then stood face to face with the culture of Athens and the power of Rome. No more seemingly hopeless enterprise than theirs has ever been undertaken. The result we know. But it was attained at the cost of many precious lives, of-women as well as of men. "3. in one aspect Christian Missions are a warfare. When gallant officers fell in the Chitral campaign no one suggested that the campaign ought not to have been undertaken. I do not ask our critics to believe that a missionary campaign is far more important and necessary than that one ; but I ask them to acknowledge that we who do believe it are only doing our duty in prosecuting the enterprise at all risks. “4. But ought women to be sent ? Women find no place in ordinary earthly warfare, and it is foreign to the natural instincts of honorable men to send them, or allow them to go, into positions of danger and exposure such as lady missionaries sometimes occupy. But what if women claim a right to a share in spiritual warfare, pleading that as they share in the benefits of the death of Christ they have an equal right with men in the privilege of living -or even dying-in His service? They know the most formidable combatants on the other side are women, and that they can only be effectually dealt with by lady missionaries. Hence they come forward in large numbers, most of them from refined and cultured homes, and offer themselves deliberately and gladly. And the men and women of the missionary committees dare not refuse to accept, and even to call for, such invaluable offers of service, though they feel it a sacred duty to use every possible means to shield and care for the brave women who thus go forth. Whenever there has been a post of danger in the Mission field the women have pressed their offers of service, and the committees have sometimes been obliged to hold them back. If the great missionary societies refused to send out women, the women would go, and have gone, on their own account. “ 5. But it is suggested that, however right it may be for ardent men and women to volunteer for China, it is not right for missionary societies to send them. There is no doubt that grave responsibility rests upon the committees, which consist largely of retired missionaries, who have done long and good service themselves, and of retired civil and military officers, who have always been the foremost advocates and supporters of Missions ; associated, it is true, with some others of us who belong to neither class, but have known what it is to regret not being in the front of the battle as much as do the officers of a regiment who have to remain in charge of the depót at home. These committees do not omit to count the cost of such Work. They take up their own responsibility of sending forth volunteers to an organised work as given them by the Master's hand, and are as much Justified in manning perilous Missions as are the authorities at the War Office in sending a regiment to the post of danger. “6. Then it is said that China is a hopeless field. I suppose there is no part of the Mission field of which the same thing has not at some time been Said. But suppose it were true : how does that affect the plain duty above referred to? We hold that duties belong to man, and results to God. Probably our critics will be puzzled when I say that all the missionaries in the world cannot convert, in the true sense, a single soul ; but this is literally our honest conviction. We do not believe that St. Peter converted Cornelius. or that St. Paul converted the Philippian jailer. If it is not fanatical to believe that the Son of God came down to die for men, it is not fanatical to believe that the Spirit of God comes down to turn men's hearts to Him. A man may honestly deny both; but if he believes one, he should have no difficulty in believing the other. “7. But do conversions take place? Let me refer to the province of Fo-kien, where the recent massacre occurred. Once a year at Fu-chau, the capital, you may see an assembly of 300 Chinese Christians. These are delegates from Village congregations scattered over a wide area, come together for their annual conference. Among them will be a dozen ordained Chinese clergymen, properly trained and educated. For a fortnight they sit in conference, the leading men among them giving addresses and reading papers. But they only represent the 13,000 souls forming the Christian community in that province connected with the Church of England. The American Methodists could show, I believe, at least an equal, and the American Congregationalists a smaller number. And this is only for the northern half of the province. To the south, the English Presbyterians and Congregationalists have much the same report to give. And then we have only looked at one of the eighteen provinces of China, and the extensive operations in other provinces of the China Inland Mission in particular are not touched. I do not pretend that all these Chinese converts are Christians in the highest sense. They vary in character as Christians in England do. But a great many of them have proved their sincerity by suffering for their faith. “8. But what about ‘the inevitable gunboat'? First, large numbers of missionaries are in distant provinces of cities where no gunboat can reach them. Secondly, many of them would prefer that no gunboat ever appeared on the scene; and of these my deeply lamented friend Robert Stewart was one. Thirdly, in other countries, as in Africa and the South Seas, missionaries have shown that they go forth without the smallest expectation of or desire for Government protection. Did Bishop Patteson or Bishop Hannington look for an armed force behind? But in China, as in the Turkish Empire, an Englishman's position is peculiar. He possesses treaty rights and he has no power to divest himself of them. I speak the mind of hundreds of missionaries when I say that they have no personal desire for anything in the nature of vengeance even for such terrible outrages as we now deplore. But Great Britain cannot in China pass lightly over the murder of British subjects who have a right to be there. The British Government will, I doubt not, take all measures in this case that are right and necessary, especially with a view to the future protection of British residents; but the last thing we desire is that the Gospel should be carried into China at the point of the bayonet. “9. Once more, ought not missionaries to be careful not to inflame the passions of the Chinese needlessly? Certainly ; and I affirm that as a body they are careful. My friend Robert Stewart and the ladies with him were especially solicitous to live quietly among the people as their fellow-creatures, submitting to not a few personal inconveniences in order to do so. But it must not be forgotten that the Christian religion must necessarily excite some hostility. It did so in the early ages of the Church ; and delicate Greek and Roman women went to the stake, or the cross, or the lions rather than compromise the message they had accepted themselves and were delivering to others. We all honor them now ; shall we not equally honor those who do the same thing even in the prosaic nineteenth century?”