Morning Calm v.4 no.32(1893 Feb.)

The Bishop's Letters. NIU CH'WANG: September 1892. DEAR FRIENDS, On the first of this month, whilst the Sisters, I suppose, were preparing for their last Communion in St. Peter's Home before leaving England, we were assembled in the little Chapel of the Resurrection in Seoul to give Mr. Warner his last Communion before his departure on the journey of which I spoke in my last letter. After the Celebration and a short valedictory service I gave him his orders and my blessing, and in an hour he was off. I may fitly devote a part of this letter to telling you something of the object and scope of this journey. You will have noticed from the map that Corea is plentifully supplied with rivers. From the directions in which they run they can hardly fail, if navigable, to be of great use to us in our future mission work. To ascertain how far the rivers in the Central Province are likely to serve us by-and-by in our efforts to evangelise the country, I determined to send Mr. Warner away for two months with instructions to explore the river Han in its southern and northern branches, to find the northern navigable limit of the river Nak Tong (which falls into the Pacific at Pu San) and the eastern limit of the river In Chin to the north of Seoul. He hired a sam-pan, or pulling boat, with a crew of three men, and attended by his coolie and armed with a passport, he set off on the ist, intending to be with us again on All Saints' Day. As he travels in a part of the country through which there are no regular couriers, we do not expect to hear much of him until we see him. Mr. Smart and Mr. Hodge have settled down very comfortably in Nak Tong. The former is in much better health, but far from strong. Indeed it will take him some time to recover the strength he has lost. But though he cannot do what he came to do, he has come most opportunely to do what We want done and what he can do very well. He has taken our housekeeping in hand and is looking after the comPound, whilst in chapel he plays for us on a small American

organ which I have borrowed. Mr. Hodge is all day at the printing press, hard at work with Mr. Scott's Manual. He has three Coreans under him, and is giving Mr. Scott great satisfaction. At the beginning of the month I heard from Mr. Small, who has been working with the Indians in British Columbia ever since he left us nearly a year ago. In the spring he wrote to tell me to expect him back in Corea this autumn, a volunteer having at last been found to replace him in Lytton. I had no difficulty in deciding to ask him to come and occupy Niu Ch'wang for the winter. But when I was looking to hear the date of his departure from Vancouver, the letter contained, instead, the news that the volunteer has been forbidden by the doctor to leave England. The need for Mr. Small's presence in Lytton is therefore as great as ever. I have not the heart to deprive the Indians of his self-denying services now, when their permanent priest is almost within sight. So Mr. Small remains in Canada for the present, and will continue to receive your prayers for himself and his people, On the roth I left for Niu Ch'wang to relieve Mr. Trollope and make arrangements for the winter. H.M.S. Redpole had been here, and Capt. Freeman had accepted Mr. Trollope's suggestion that he should send to the Mission-house a bad case of typhoid fever---too bad to be taken to sca. The patient, an able seaman, was, accordingly, landed in charge of the sick-berth attendant and a marine to nurse him. All three were comfortably settled in the Mission-house. The patient, who for a long time lingered between life and death, was almost convalescent when I arrived. Mr. Trollope left at once for Corea, and on his way was able to preach for Mr. Greenwood a harvest festival sermon in St. Andrew's, Chefoo. I had hardly been here a week when the sick-berth attendant caught the fever, and ever since we have had a busy time of it. But I am glad to say that he too is recovering. In nursing him I have had great assistance from Mr. Farmer, the Consular Constable, and Mr. Wilkins, of the Customs Service, the latter of whom has been invaluable, taking entire charge of the sick-room except when the doctor was present. Both of them having formerly been in the Royal Navy, the Mission-house has most unexpectedly been turned into a veritable naval hospital. The Society having written to tell me it cannot help us in Manchuria this year, I feel I am not justified in living any longer in so large a house at so high a rental. Fortunately, I have found someone to take it off my hands, and intend vacating it

at the end of October, after a six months' tenancy. In the absence of Mr. Small, I have determined to place Mr. Pownall in Niu Ch'wang till next spring, hoping by the summer to have found a clergyman who will live here permanently. Mr. Pownall leaves Chemulpó almost immediately, and may be expected in the second week of October, when I return to Corea. I owe it to the kindness of Mr. and Mrs. Philips, of the Customs Service, that I can offer him a home for the winter in their house. In fact, you see that the good people here are as kind to us as ever -let me say, kinder than ever. Our good friends Mr. and Mrs. Ayrton, of the Consulate, and Mrs. Bush with her daughters, are leaving Niu Ch'wang (the latter for England) this autumn. They will be greatly missed, and by none more than by ourselves, to whom they have been most kind. For myself I am in excellent health, whilst of the Mission I have nothing but good news to record. With my love and blessing, I am, yours affectionately,

• C. J. CORFE.

CHEMULPÓ: October 1892. DEAR FRIENDS, For myself the record of this month must be, chiefly, a record of my efforts to return to Corea from Niu Ch'wang Mr. Pownall arrived on the 9th, and at once took up his quarters in what will be his home for the winter. In my last I told you, I think, that, owing to Mr. Small's unavoidable detention in Canada, I had selected Mr. Pownall for the post of temporary chaplain to the English community of Niu Ch'wang until I am able to make a more permanent arrangement (I hope with the assistance of S.P.G.) next spring. Mr. Philips, of the Chinese Customs Service, having most kindly placed two rooms in his house at my disposal, I was able to get rid of the Mission-house, which I had rented since May-a necessary step under the circumstances, for it is at once too large and too costly. All the community welcomed Mr. Pownall back again, and I had the satisfaction of feeling that I was leaving him happy amongst friends. In November the ice will cut him off from us, but I hope that we shall be able to give you news of him, somehow, before next spring. On the day after he arrived, and when I was preparing to return to Corea in the steamer which brought him, a great event happened in the history of the port--the arrival of H.M.S.

Alacrity, flying the flag of Sir E. Fremantle, the Commander-inChief of the China Station. She had come from Chemulpo, whence the Admiral and some of his staff had paid a flying visit to Seoul. You will understand what a compensation this unlooked-for meeting with the Admiral was to me when I found that I had missed seeing him in Corea. With the thought of all that the H.N.F. has been and is to us ever in my inind, I could not but rejoice at the opportunity thus given me of making his acquaintance and endeavouring to enlist his interest on behalf of our hospital work. But the Alacrity was only to stay one day. The Admiral was on his way to Peking. When, therefore, he kindly invited me to go to Taku (the port of debarcation for Peking) and thence to Chefoo in the Alacrity, I felt it my duty to let the Japanese steamer go without me and postpone my return to Corea for a fortnight. We left the following morning, and during that day and the next I had the Admiral all to myself. I knew that his visit to Seoul had been of necessity brief, and I thus had plenty of time to explain to him the meaning of much of our work which he had seen hastily there and in Chemulpó. This duty, you" will readily believe, was not a disagreeable one. The great kindness and sympathy shown to me by the Admiral, as well as by Captain Adair and several other old friends and shipmates, combined to make me very happy and thankful. Thus I found myself once more “under the flag,” and, if I could write as I wish, I should fill this number of the magazine with an account of my six days on board. But on arriving at Chefoo other work awaited me, and I left-with what reluctance I need not say--to take up my quarters ashore until a steamer should come in bound for Corea. But again there was compensation, for the Consul and Mrs. Allen, with their wonted kindness, insisted that I should again stay with them. This I did until the 26th, when the Satsuma came in and brought me safely to Chemulpó on the next day. I hope I was able to be of some assistance to Mr. Greenwood at St. Andrew's. I know that he, through his Chinese deacon, Mr. Chang, greatly assisted me. For several days he helped me to put the Litany and other portions of the Chinese Prayer Book into such a shape as to enable me to use them with our two Chinese servants in Seoul. Mr. Allen also most kindly translated portions of the Prayer Book (the classical Chinese version), which I hope to make use of in the Corean Prayer Book of the future. This is a thoroughly selfish letter, and I find myself at the end of the month and almost at the end of my paper without having

said a word about the Mission. On my return to Seoul on the 31st, I found that Mr. Smart, who is now quite well, had almost transformed our compound in Nak Tong. I cannot stop to tell you of the many improvements which he has brought about, not only in the compound, but in the house and chapel. Mr. Hodge was well, happy and busy all day with the Corean Manual. I found, too, that Mr. Warner had not only returned from his long boat journey in safety, but had made the journey most successfully, in spite of his not having had time to go over all the ground which I had sketched out for him. As an account of this journey will duly appear in Morning Calm, I forbear to speak of it further than to say that he was received everywhere with kindness, and that his report is full of encouragement. I found, also, that during my absence Mr. Davies had enjoyed a trip from Gensan (where he went by steamer from Chemulpo) overland to Seoul, in company with the Hon. G. Curzon, M.P., and Mr. Spring Rice, of the British Legation in Tokyo, to whom he was able to be of use as interpreter. Everyone in Seoul was well, and looking forward to the arrival of the Sisters and Canon and Mrs. Doxat, of which I must speak in my next. The news of the loss of the P. & O. ss. Bokhara will have reached you long ere this. It is the most terrible disaster which has happened of late years to our shipping in the China seas. I fear that my September letter may have gone down in her. I am glad to know that the Sisters escaped the typhoon. All is well with us, and, I hope, with you. I am, with my love and blessing, Yours affectionately,

• C. J. CORFE.

Association of prayer and work for Corea. WE are glad to have to ask secretaries, especially secretaries in Norfolk, to inscribe in the space for" Additional Names" in their copies of the list of Association preachers, the name of the Kev. W. A. Green, Winterton Rectory, Great Yarmouth, who Is kindly willing to respond to invitations to speak or preach for the Mission in Norfolk. Some use has already been made of the list of preachers, but no accounts of the meetings that have been held during the past month have been received January reports have been received from about 60 localities, and the details appear as usual on the Association Flyleaf. After

the January lists and accounts will be found on this February Flyleaf a list of the corrections in the Association muster-roll of members, which have been made as the result of correspondence about the new Register. The General Secretary has thought it right to publish these corrections now, because the lists for 1890 and 1891, to which they mainly belong, will not be reprinted. The next Annual Report will contain only the lists for 1892. She much regrets that this record of alterations cannot safely be called complete, as there are still five localities for which lists of members with addresses are not yet forthcoming. But she may here fittingly express her gratitude to secretaries for the share they have borne in the really heavy labour of compiling the Register; and she feels sure that the knowledge that our Association now possesses complete and accurate records will be to them, as it is to her, a sufficient reward for all the troublesome investigation of details which has been gone through. It will not now be difficult to keep our central library, as it may be called, free from errors. If there are any corrections in the lists and accounts for the past year which have not already been notified, the General Secretary will be glad to receive them early in February for the Annual Report. She will also be very glad to receive at the same date any information respecting their counties or localities which secretaries would wish to see entered in the Annual Report. M. M. CHAMBERS HODGETTS, Hon. Sec. Rowancroft, Exeter, January 16, 1893. The Secretary of the Children's Branch of the Association and of the Children's Fund is going abroad for two months. All her letters will be forwarded, but she asks her correspondents to excuse her if there is a little delay in their receiving her answers. Hospital Naval fund. The Executive Committee (H.N.F.) has received the following interesting report of the medical work at Chemulpo, which speaks for itself. The members of the General Committee and all subscribers will be pleased to observe the great importance of this seaport as a base of operations in preparing the way for our missionaries, not only in the immediate neighbourhood, but throughout the country.

CHEMULPÓ, COREA : October 1, 1892. REV. AND DEAR SIR, In submitting the second annual report of the work done at the hospital and dispensary at Chemulpo, we beg to thank you and all our kind friends in England for the support which they have given us during the past year. You will see by the following figures that the work has nearly doubled that of last year : Chinese Japanese Total Visits to dispensary 2,871 318 3,231 Professional visits to houses 208 88 363 Coreans 42 67 Totals 3,079 385 130 3,594 Total number of patients, 3,594. The past year has been a very unhealthy one, especially during the spring and early summer, there being many cases of typhus and remittent fever, while during July and August there was an epidemic of dysentery which has not yet spent its force. Patients having typhus fever are usually put out into the street, as their friends fear infection. This often increases the chances of recovery, for the patient gets at least good fresh air, which he could not possibly obtain in the small house, or rather hut, which is the usual dwelling-place of the class of people among which typhus fever is prevalent. Last June, during one of my visits to patients, I saw eight men suffering from typhus fever in one room eight feet square and six feet to the ceiling. In this room was one door and one window, the latter two feet square, both tightly closed. After seing this, one can very well understand that putting patients out on the road will lessen the mortality to a considerable extent. As Chemulpó is the port of Seoul, boats laden with grain and other native products for consumption in the capital and for export (chiefly to Japan) arrive from all parts of the country, and it is due to this fact that the work in Chemulpó is of value, because it may be made a centre for work which will spread not only to the islands along the coast (of which there are very many), but also to all the provinces which have communication with this port. During the year just ended the books show patients from every one of the eight provinces of Corea, and I am often asked Logo and see patients some distance in the country, or on one of the numerous islands which lie just off the coast. The distance makes it impossible to pay frequent visits, and it is here Mat the hospital becomes of incalculable benefit, for the more

serious cases can often be brought to Chemulpó, where they get proper attention, which could not otherwise be obtained on account of the distance. The hospital has not been less successful than the dispensary. During the year there were 52 admissions. Of these 47 were discharged cured, 2 died, and 3 are in the hospital at the present time. The admissions include 5 Chinese, one of whom died. Of the Coreans admitted more than one-half were from the country districts, which strengthens the statement I made above of the value of Chemulpó as a centre for work. To people in England 52 patients may seem a small year's work for a hospital; but when you take into account the prejudices and superstitions which exist among these people, it really represents a great deal. For although they do not mind coming to a dispensary, yet they do most decidedly object, especially when ill, to come and remain in a foreigner's house, so that we must ask you not to judge of our work without considering the conservative nature of this Oriental people. Yours sincerely, E. B. LANDIS. The Rev. J. B. HARBORD.

St. Peter's Community Foreign Mission Association. Very cheerful letters have been received at St. Peter's Home, telling of the safe arrival at Seoul of the Sisters. They had had on the whole a prosperous journey, and were well. Dr. Landis kindly met them at Chemulpó, and accompanied them to Seoul, where they arrived on the morning of November 3rd. They had the very kindest of welcomes from Bishop Corfe and the whole Mission party. They were delighted with their Mission House, on which Mr. Trollope had spared neither thought nor labour. When they wrote on the 9th November they were fast getting the house into order, turning packing cases into book-cases and cupboards for their bedrooms, and they hoped by St Andrew's Day to be ready for the Benediction of the House. We are glad also to say that Canon and Mrs. Doxat reached Seoul safely on November 15th. The Secretary would be glad to hear of a lady who would do a little cutting out for her. She would also like to have another copy of Morning Calm put at her disposal, to forward to a member who is unable to take a copy for herself. ANNA GRAHAM, General Secretary, 48 Pont Street, S.W., January 12th.

A walk across Corea-(continued). SATURDAY, October 3.-At last the day of our departure arrived. Our three ragged-looking little ponies arrived betimes, together with the two almost equally ragged Mapons (a man and a boy), who had charge of them throughout the journey. There was the usual difficulty in adjusting the various packages to the ponies' backs--the usual representation on the part of the Mapons that the amount of luggage was far in excess of the ponies' capabilities-and the usual tiresome delay in consequence. At last, however, soon after nine A.M., when all our belongings, including two camp bedsteads and bedding, two portmanteaus, a photographic apparatus, two gun-cases, a portable altar, a wooden box containing provisions, and a variety of bags, sacks, and baskets, two lanterns, a kettle, a frying-pan, and a hatchet--when all these had been unpacked and repacked several times, and so reduced to dimensions suitable to the ponies' capacities, we got under weigh. We had with us our two Corean servants, who, though quite innocent of the English language, were able to understand “ Corean as she is spoke" by us, and so to act as interpreters, besides being immensely useful to us on the road and in the inns, wholly ignorant as we were as yet of Corean manners and customs ; so, with our two servants, our two Mapons, and our two selves, we made a party of six, plus the three ponies. Mr. Small, who would (we had reason to suspect) have left for Canada before we returned, walked with us half-way across the city, and John Wyers gave us his company as far as our first halting-place, five miles outside the city. "I need hardly remark it was glorious weather," in the words of the poet, for the rainy season was well over, and we had the best part of two months before us ere the cold was likely to become serious. In point of fact we had chosen the very best time in the year for our journey: only thrice in the five weeks were we delayed by rain, and then for no great length of time; and while the sun was hot enough for the first two or three weeks to make walking at mid-day a matter of sun-hats and shirt-sleeves, the sharp frosts and cold winds we experienced as we neared home abundantly proved that travelling later than the first week in November is likely to be a matter of some discomfort. We threaded our way through the crowded streets and lanes of Seoul, past the Old Palace and the neighbourhood of the Temple of Confucius, until after nearly an hour's walk we reached the “Little North-East Gate," a picturesque old structure in a quiet and little-frequented district of the city. There is a striking range of mountains,

crowned with a series of jagged and precipitous peaks, which runs from a north-easterly direction and abuts on the northern quarter of Seoul. At the foot of this, for the first 10 miles after we left the city gate, ran our road, a sandy track, winding its way through fields of rice and other crops just ripe for harvest, and well-trodden by a fairly continuous stream of foot-passengers, pack-ponies and oxen. The lower slopes of the mountain-sides, like most hills near Seoul, were of the baldest and most arid looking description. The knife of the fuel-cutter has left but few vestiges of vegetation, and the hill-slopes, which are composed of disintegrated granite, are scored and scoured by the heavy summer rains, till they largely resemble disused gravel pits. The only green spots on these slopes are those carefully turfed and tended as burying-places, marked by stone tablets and monuments, and not unfrequently surrounded by groves of trees. The roadside for the first 10 miles abounded in hamlets, sometimes cosily nestling among shady trees, and in houses, which seemed to be principally inns; and the road crosses numberless watercourses--- most of them dry--which tell a vivid story of the torrents which came tumbling down from the hills in the heavy summer rains. By 1 P.M. we had reached Tarakwon, a largish village, situated in a spot where the Gensan road is shut in between the northeast abutment of the range of hills which we had had on our left all the morning, and another rocky hill of considerable height which rose on our right. This place is said to be 30 li (say to miles) from Seoul, and seems to consist chiefly of inns, at one of which we stopped for tiffin. Here we were delayed for two or three hours by the rain, and after a meal of rice and tinned meats, we amused ourselves by attempts at conversation with the bystanders, to whom we became an object of interest from the moment of our arrival. A pair of field-glasses which I had with me was an unfailing source of interest and amusement on this and other occasions, especially when looked through the wrong way. It was the means of forming many friendships, and it was well worth while trusting it to their hands, if only to hear their expressions of delighted surprise when they found a neighbouring hill apparently suddenly brought into the village street, and then (on reversing the glasses) discovered it seemingly transported to a distance of 50 miles. At about half-past three the rain cleared off, and we were able to start again, still travelling in a N.E. direction, until between five and six P.M. we reached our resting-place for the night (about go li, say 17 miles, from Seoul), a tiny and picturesque little village named Syeoulrangi, surrounded by chestnut trees and shut in by hills, with a

beautiful little stream of clear water running past it. Here we found quarters for ourselves and our belongings in a primitive little roadside inn, where we pitched our camp bedsteads in the "maron” or large wooden-floored chamber open to the courtyard, common to most Corean inns and houses. There was a curious looking loom, at which a woman (who promptly fled) was working on our arrival, together with a few chests and a collection of household gear, which took up a good deal of available

[[파일:장안사as off. I may fitly devote a part of this letter to telling you something of the object and scope of this journey. You will have noticed from the map that Corea is plentifully supplied with rivers. From the directions in which they run they can hardly fail, if navigable, to be of great use to us in our future mission work. To ascertain how far the rivers in the Central Province are likely to serve us by-and-by in our efforts to evangelise the country, I determined to send Mr. Warner away for two months with instructions to explore the river Han in its southern and northern branches, to find the northern navigable limit of the river Nak Tong (which falls into the Pacific at Pu San) and the eastern limit of the river In Chin to the north of Seoul. He hired a sam-pan, or pulling boat, with a crew of three men, and attended by his coolie and armed with a passport, he set off on the ist, intending to be with us again on All Saints' Day. As he travels in a part of the country through which there are no regular couriers, we do not expect to hear much of him until we see him. Mr. Smart and Mr. Hodge have settled down very comfortably in Nak Tong. The former is in much better health, but far from strong. Indeed it will take him some time to recover the strength he has lost. But though he cannot do what he came to do, he has come most opportunely to do what We want done and what he can do very well. He has taken our housekeeping in hand and is looking after the comPound, whilst in chapel he plays for us on a small American

organ which I have borrowed. Mr. Hodge is all day at the printing press, hard at work with Mr. Scott's Manual. He has three Coreans under him, and is giving Mr. Scott great satisfaction. At the beginning of the month I heard from Mr. Small, who has been working with the Indians in British Columbia ever since he left us nearly a year ago. In the spring he wrote to tell me to expect him back in Corea this autumn, a volunteer having at last been found to replace him in Lytton. I had no difficulty in deciding to ask him to come and occupy Niu Ch'wang for the winter. But when I was looking to hear the date of his departure from Vancouver, the letter contained, instead, the news that the volunteer has been forbidden by the doctor to leave England. The need for Mr. Small's presence in Lytton is therefore as great as ever. I have not the heart to deprive the Indians of his self-denying services now, when their permanent priest is almost within sight. So Mr. Small remains in Canada for the present, and will continue to receive your prayers for himself and his people, On the roth I left for Niu Ch'wang to relieve Mr. Trollope and make arrangements for the winter. H.M.S. Redpole had been here, and Capt. Freeman had accepted Mr. Trollope's suggestion that he should send to the Mission-house a bad case of typhoid fever---too bad to be taken to sca. The patient, an able seaman, was, accordingly, landed in charge of the sick-berth attendant and a marine to nurse him. All three were comfortably settled in the Mission-house. The patient, who for a long time lingered between life and death, was almost convalescent when I arrived. Mr. Trollope left at once for Corea, and on his way was able to preach for Mr. Greenwood a harvest festival sermon in St. Andrew's, Chefoo. I had hardly been here a week when the sick-berth attendant caught the fever, and ever since we have had a busy time of it. But I am glad to say that he too is recovering. In nursing him I have had great assistance from Mr. Farmer, the Consular Constable, and Mr. Wilkins, of the Customs Service, the latter of whom has been invaluable, taking entire charge of the sick-room except when the doctor was present. Both of them having formerly been in the Royal Navy, the Mission-house has most unexpectedly been turned into a veritable naval hospital. The Society having written to tell me it cannot help us in Manchuria this year, I feel I am not justified in living any longer in so large a house at so high a rental. Fortunately, I have found someone to take it off my hands, and intend vacating it

at the end of October, after a six months' tenancy. In the absence of Mr. Small, I have determined to place Mr. Pownall in Niu Ch'wang till next spring, hoping by the summer to have found a clergyman who will live here permanently. Mr. Pownall leaves Chemulpó almost immediately, and may be expected in the second week of October, when I return to Corea. I owe it to the kindness of Mr. and Mrs. Philips, of the Customs Service, that I can offer him a home for the winter in their house. In fact, you see that the good people here are as kind to us as ever -let me say, kinder than ever. Our good friends Mr. and Mrs. Ayrton, of the Consulate, and Mrs. Bush with her daughters, are leaving Niu Ch'wang (the latter for England) this autumn. They will be greatly missed, and by none more than by ourselves, to whom they have been most kind. For myself I am in excellent health, whilst of the Mission I have nothing but good news to record. With my love and blessing, I am, yours affectionately,

• C. J. CORFE.

CHEMULPÓ: October 1892. DEAR FRIENDS, For myself the record of this month must be, chiefly, a record of my efforts to return to Corea from Niu Ch'wang Mr. Pownall arrived on the 9th, and at once took up his quarters in what will be his home for the winter. In my last I told you, I think, that, owing to Mr. Small's unavoidable detention in Canada, I had selected Mr. Pownall for the post of temporary chaplain to the English community of Niu Ch'wang until I am able to make a more permanent arrangement (I hope with the assistance of S.P.G.) next spring. Mr. Philips, of the Chinese Customs Service, having most kindly placed two rooms in his house at my disposal, I was able to get rid of the Mission-house, which I had rented since May-a necessary step under the circumstances, for it is at once too large and too costly. All the community welcomed Mr. Pownall back again, and I had the satisfaction of feeling that I was leaving him happy amongst friends. In November the ice will cut him off from us, but I hope that we shall be able to give you news of him, somehow, before next spring. On the day after he arrived, and when I was preparing to return to Corea in the steamer which brought him, a great event happened in the history of the port--the arrival of H.M.S.

Alacrity, flying the flag of Sir E. Fremantle, the Commander-inChief of the China Station. She had come from Chemulpo, whence the Admiral and some of his staff had paid a flying visit to Seoul. You will understand what a compensation this unlooked-for meeting with the Admiral was to me when I found that I had missed seeing him in Corea. With the thought of all that the H.N.F. has been and is to us ever in my inind, I could not but rejoice at the opportunity thus given me of making his acquaintance and endeavouring to enlist his interest on behalf of our hospital work. But the Alacrity was only to stay one day. The Admiral was on his way to Peking. When, therefore, he kindly invited me to go to Taku (the port of debarcation for Peking) and thence to Chefoo in the Alacrity, I felt it my duty to let the Japanese steamer go without me and postpone my return to Corea for a fortnight. We left the following morning, and during that day and the next I had the Admiral all to myself. I knew that his visit to Seoul had been of necessity brief, and I thus had plenty of time to explain to him the meaning of much of our work which he had seen hastily there and in Chemulpó. This duty, you" will readily believe, was not a disagreeable one. The great kindness and sympathy shown to me by the Admiral, as well as by Captain Adair and several other old friends and shipmates, combined to make me very happy and thankful. Thus I found myself once more “under the flag,” and, if I could write as I wish, I should fill this number of the magazine with an account of my six days on board. But on arriving at Chefoo other work awaited me, and I left-with what reluctance I need not say--to take up my quarters ashore until a steamer should come in bound for Corea. But again there was compensation, for the Consul and Mrs. Allen, with their wonted kindness, insisted that I should again stay with them. This I did until the 26th, when the Satsuma came in and brought me safely to Chemulpó on the next day. I hope I was able to be of some assistance to Mr. Greenwood at St. Andrew's. I know that he, through his Chinese deacon, Mr. Chang, greatly assisted me. For several days he helped me to put the Litany and other portions of the Chinese Prayer Book into such a shape as to enable me to use them with our two Chinese servants in Seoul. Mr. Allen also most kindly translated portions of the Prayer Book (the classical Chinese version), which I hope to make use of in the Corean Prayer Book of the future. This is a thoroughly selfish letter, and I find myself at the end of the month and almost at the end of my paper without having

said a word about the Mission. On my return to Seoul on the 31st, I found that Mr. Smart, who is now quite well, had almost transformed our compound in Nak Tong. I cannot stop to tell you of the many improvements which he has brought about, not only in the compound, but in the house and chapel. Mr. Hodge was well, happy and busy all day with the Corean Manual. I found, too, that Mr. Warner had not only returned from his long boat journey in safety, but had made the journey most successfully, in spite of his not having had time to go over all the ground which I had sketched out for him. As an account of this journey will duly appear in Morning Calm, I forbear to speak of it further than to say that he was received everywhere with kindness, and that his report is full of encouragement. I found, also, that during my absence Mr. Davies had enjoyed a trip from Gensan (where he went by steamer from Chemulpo) overland to Seoul, in company with the Hon. G. Curzon, M.P., and Mr. Spring Rice, of the British Legation in Tokyo, to whom he was able to be of use as interpreter. Everyone in Seoul was well, and looking forward to the arrival of the Sisters and Canon and Mrs. Doxat, of which I must speak in my next. The news of the loss of the P. & O. ss. Bokhara will have reached you long ere this. It is the most terrible disaster which has happened of late years to our shipping in the China seas. I fear that my September letter may have gone down in her. I am glad to know that the Sisters escaped the typhoon. All is well with us, and, I hope, with you. I am, with my love and blessing, Yours affectionately,

• C. J. CORFE.

Association of prayer and work for Corea. WE are glad to have to ask secretaries, especially secretaries in Norfolk, to inscribe in the space for" Additional Names" in their copies of the list of Association preachers, the name of the Kev. W. A. Green, Winterton Rectory, Great Yarmouth, who Is kindly willing to respond to invitations to speak or preach for the Mission in Norfolk. Some use has already been made of the list of preachers, but no accounts of the meetings that have been held during the past month have been received January reports have been received from about 60 localities, and the details appear as usual on the Association Flyleaf. After

the January lists and accounts will be found on this February Flyleaf a list of the corrections in the Association muster-roll of members, which have been made as the result of correspondence about the new Register. The General Secretary has thought it right to publish these corrections now, because the lists for 1890 and 1891, to which they mainly belong, will not be reprinted. The next Annual Report will contain only the lists for 1892. She much regrets that this record of alterations cannot safely be called complete, as there are still five localities for which lists of members with addresses are not yet forthcoming. But she may here fittingly express her gratitude to secretaries for the share they have borne in the really heavy labour of compiling the Register; and she feels sure that the knowledge that our Association now possesses complete and accurate records will be to them, as it is to her, a sufficient reward for all the troublesome investigation of details which has been gone through. It will not now be difficult to keep our central library, as it may be called, free from errors. If there are any corrections in the lists and accounts for the past year which have not already been notified, the General Secretary will be glad to receive them early in February for the Annual Report. She will also be very glad to receive at the same date any information respecting their counties or localities which secretaries would wish to see entered in the Annual Report. M. M. CHAMBERS HODGETTS, Hon. Sec. Rowancroft, Exeter, January 16, 1893. The Secretary of the Children's Branch of the Association and of the Children's Fund is going abroad for two months. All her letters will be forwarded, but she asks her correspondents to excuse her if there is a little delay in their receiving her answers. Hospital Naval fund. The Executive Committee (H.N.F.) has received the following interesting report of the medical work at Chemulpo, which speaks for itself. The members of the General Committee and all subscribers will be pleased to observe the great importance of this seaport as a base of operations in preparing the way for our missionaries, not only in the immediate neighbourhood, but throughout the country.

CHEMULPÓ, COREA : October 1, 1892. REV. AND DEAR SIR, In submitting the second annual report of the work done at the hospital and dispensary at Chemulpo, we beg to thank you and all our kind friends in England for the support which they have given us during the past year. You will see by the following figures that the work has nearly doubled that of last year : Chinese Japanese Total Visits to dispensary 2,871 318 3,231 Professional visits to houses 208 88 363 Coreans 42 67 Totals 3,079 385 130 3,594 Total number of patients, 3,594. The past year has been a very unhealthy one, especially during the spring and early summer, there being many cases of typhus and remittent fever, while during July and August there was an epidemic of dysentery which has not yet spent its force. Patients having typhus fever are usually put out into the street, as their friends fear infection. This often increases the chances of recovery, for the patient gets at least good fresh air, which he could not possibly obtain in the small house, or rather hut, which is the usual dwelling-place of the class of people among which typhus fever is prevalent. Last June, during one of my visits to patients, I saw eight men suffering from typhus fever in one room eight feet square and six feet to the ceiling. In this room was one door and one window, the latter two feet square, both tightly closed. After seing this, one can very well understand that putting patients out on the road will lessen the mortality to a considerable extent. As Chemulpó is the port of Seoul, boats laden with grain and other native products for consumption in the capital and for export (chiefly to Japan) arrive from all parts of the country, and it is due to this fact that the work in Chemulpó is of value, because it may be made a centre for work which will spread not only to the islands along the coast (of which there are very many), but also to all the provinces which have communication with this port. During the year just ended the books show patients from every one of the eight provinces of Corea, and I am often asked Logo and see patients some distance in the country, or on one of the numerous islands which lie just off the coast. The distance makes it impossible to pay frequent visits, and it is here Mat the hospital becomes of incalculable benefit, for the more

serious cases can often be brought to Chemulpó, where they get proper attention, which could not otherwise be obtained on account of the distance. The hospital has not been less successful than the dispensary. During the year there were 52 admissions. Of these 47 were discharged cured, 2 died, and 3 are in the hospital at the present time. The admissions include 5 Chinese, one of whom died. Of the Coreans admitted more than one-half were from the country districts, which strengthens the statement I made above of the value of Chemulpó as a centre for work. To people in England 52 patients may seem a small year's work for a hospital; but when you take into account the prejudices and superstitions which exist among these people, it really represents a great deal. For although they do not mind coming to a dispensary, yet they do most decidedly object, especially when ill, to come and remain in a foreigner's house, so that we must ask you not to judge of our work without considering the conservative nature of this Oriental people. Yours sincerely, E. B. LANDIS. The Rev. J. B. HARBORD.

St. Peter's Community Foreign Mission Association. Very cheerful letters have been received at St. Peter's Home, telling of the safe arrival at Seoul of the Sisters. They had had on the whole a prosperous journey, and were well. Dr. Landis kindly met them at Chemulpó, and accompanied them to Seoul, where they arrived on the morning of November 3rd. They had the very kindest of welcomes from Bishop Corfe and the whole Mission party. They were delighted with their Mission House, on which Mr. Trollope had spared neither thought nor labour. When they wrote on the 9th November they were fast getting the house into order, turning packing cases into book-cases and cupboards for their bedrooms, and they hoped by St Andrew's Day to be ready for the Benediction of the House. We are glad also to say that Canon and Mrs. Doxat reached Seoul safely on November 15th. The Secretary would be glad to hear of a lady who would do a little cutting out for her. She would also like to have another copy of Morning Calm put at her disposal, to forward to a member who is unable to take a copy for herself. ANNA GRAHAM, General Secretary, 48 Pont Street, S.W., January 12th.

A walk across Corea-(continued). SATURDAY, October 3.-At last the day of our departure arrived. Our three ragged-looking little ponies arrived betimes, together with the two almost equally ragged Mapons (a man and a boy), who had charge of them throughout the journey. There was the usual difficulty in adjusting the various packages to the ponies' backs--the usual representation on the part of the Mapons that the amount of luggage was far in excess of the ponies' capabilities-and the usual tiresome delay in consequence. At last, however, soon after nine A.M., when all our belongings, including two camp bedsteads and bedding, two portmanteaus, a photographic apparatus, two gun-cases, a portable altar, a wooden box containing provisions, and a variety of bags, sacks, and baskets, two lanterns, a kettle, a frying-pan, and a hatchet--when all these had been unpacked and repacked several times, and so reduced to dimensions suitable to the ponies' capacities, we got under weigh. We had with us our two Corean servants, who, though quite innocent of the English language, were able to understand “ Corean as she is spoke" by us, and so to act as interpreters, besides being immensely useful to us on the road and in the inns, wholly ignorant as we were as yet of Corean manners and customs ; so, with our two servants, our two Mapons, and our two selves, we made a party of six, plus the three ponies. Mr. Small, who would (we had reason to suspect) have left for Canada before we returned, walked with us half-way across the city, and John Wyers gave us his company as far as our first halting-place, five miles outside the city. "I need hardly remark it was glorious weather," in the words of the poet, for the rainy season was well over, and we had the best part of two months before us ere the cold was likely to become serious. In point of fact we had chosen the very best time in the year for our journey: only thrice in the five weeks were we delayed by rain, and then for no great length of time; and while the sun was hot enough for the first two or three weeks to make walking at mid-day a matter of sun-hats and shirt-sleeves, the sharp frosts and cold winds we experienced as we neared home abundantly proved that travelling later than the first week in November is likely to be a matter of some discomfort. We threaded our way through the crowded streets and lanes of Seoul, past the Old Palace and the neighbourhood of the Temple of Confucius, until after nearly an hour's walk we reached the “Little North-East Gate," a picturesque old structure in a quiet and little-frequented district of the city. There is a striking range of mountains,

crowned with a series of jagged and precipitous peaks, which runs from a north-easterly direction and abuts on the northern quarter of Seoul. At the foot of this, for the first 10 miles after we left the city gate, ran our road, a sandy track, winding its way through fields of rice and other crops just ripe for harvest, and well-trodden by a fairly continuous stream of foot-passengers, pack-ponies and oxen. The lower slopes of the mountain-sides, like most hills near Seoul, were of the baldest and most arid looking description. The knife of the fuel-cutter has left but few vestiges of vegetation, and the hill-slopes, which are composed of disintegrated granite, are scored and scoured by the heavy summer rains, till they largely resemble disused gravel pits. The only green spots on these slopes are those carefully turfed and tended as burying-places, marked by stone tablets and monuments, and not unfrequently surrounded by groves of trees. The roadside for the first 10 miles abounded in hamlets, sometimes cosily nestling among shady trees, and in houses, which seemed to be principally inns; and the road crosses numberless watercourses--- most of them dry--which tell a vivid story of the torrents which came tumbling down from the hills in the heavy summer rains. By 1 P.M. we had reached Tarakwon, a largish village, situated in a spot where the Gensan road is shut in between the northeast abutment of the range of hills which we had had on our left all the morning, and another rocky hill of considerable height which rose on our right. This place is said to be 30 li (say to miles) from Seoul, and seems to consist chiefly of inns, at one of which we stopped for tiffin. Here we were delayed for two or three hours by the rain, and after a meal of rice and tinned meats, we amused ourselves by attempts at conversation with the bystanders, to whom we became an object of interest from the moment of our arrival. A pair of field-glasses which I had with me was an unfailing source of interest and amusement on this and other occasions, especially when looked through the wrong way. It was the means of forming many friendships, and it was well worth while trusting it to their hands, if only to hear their expressions of delighted surprise when they found a neighbouring hill apparently suddenly brought into the village street, and then (on reversing the glasses) discovered it seemingly transported to a distance of 50 miles. At about half-past three the rain cleared off, and we were able to start again, still travelling in a N.E. direction, until between five and six P.M. we reached our resting-place for the night (about go li, say 17 miles, from Seoul), a tiny and picturesque little village named Syeoulrangi, surrounded by chestnut trees and shut in by hills, with a

beautiful little stream of clear water running past it. Here we found quarters for ourselves and our belongings in a primitive little roadside inn, where we pitched our camp bedsteads in the "maron” or large wooden-floored chamber open to the courtyard, common to most Corean inns and houses. There was a curious looking loom, at which a woman (who promptly fled) was working on our arrival, together with a few chests and a collection of household gear, which took up a good deal of available

space in our bedchamber. However, we hung up our lanterns, and found a spare corner of the courtyard in which to devour our dinner of eggs and bacon, rice and marmalade, washed down by large quantities of tea, all prepared by our Corean attendants. During this and the further process of saying Evensong we were watched by the curious eyes of nearly the whole male population of the village (about 30), and then, as the gazers tailed off, we tumbled into bed and slept the sleep of the righteous.

Sunday, October 4. Up at six A.M. after a good night's rest, and off for a dip in the little stream which ran a few minutes' walk from the village. Here we performed our toilet and our orisons in comparative privacy, and returned to the inn about seven A.M., to find the whole population of the village gathered to watch us eat breakfast and do the other extraordinary things which might be expected of foreigners. After gratifying their curiosity we strolled up a valley at the back of the village, so as to escape the crowd of spectators, and found a shady and secluded spot in which to say Mattins. Being Sunday, we only meant to start fairly late and do a Sabbath day's journey of 30 li (say 10 miles); so returning leisurely to the village, which looked very pretty, nestling among hundreds of chestnut trees (the fruit of which we greatly enjoyed), we loaded horses and got off about ten A.M. It was a hot fine day with a little breeze, one of those days which somehow irresistibly suggest Sunday, and one almost expected to be startled by the sound of church bells calling the people off to worship. Our road took us up a well-wooded and gradually narrowing valley, at the end of which we had to walk up a steep rough path to the crest of a little pass, crowned by a little hamlet. Soon after passing this the path dropped down again into a gradually widening and highly cultivated valley, full of rice, bean, and millet fields, and with a good many groves of trees, cottages, and hamlets scattered about. The hills to our right and left were gradually losing the barren, gravelly appearance so common near Seoul, and we could see that the more distant hills ahead of us were quite beautifully wooded. In one case we found that the preservation of the trees was due to the presence of an old royal tomb, it being illegal to cut the timber on hills thus sanctified. By soon after noon we had reached a large clean-looking village called Solmono (30 li from our last resting-place and So from Seoul); but the inns being full we had to move on to a hamlet close by, called Ara Solmono, i.e. Lower Solmono, where we found an inn of the usual type ready to take us in for the night. We found the road guarded both on entering and leaving these two villages by a battalion of ten of the most grotesquely hideous wooden idols it has ever been my luck to see. And it is worth remarking that these and somewhat similar roadside figures elsewhere, together with the fetish trees, marked by a pile of staves raised against the trunk, and bits of rag tied to the branches, and an occasional Buddhist mendicant monk passed in the road, were the sole signs of anything approaching to religion, or even superstition, that met our eyes for days together, if we except the tombs, some of

which were furnished with little altar slabs for ancestor worship. We saw nothing in the shape of a temple or place of worship of any kind, until we got right away from the towns and villages, into the mountain fastnesses, where the Buddhists have built their monasteries and temples. To return to our inn. We left it as soon as we could after our midday mcal, with the view of escaping the crowd of spectators, and went and lay down to rest on the grass under the trees, a little way out of the village. A few, however, of the more enterprising inhabitants, followed us out and did their best to engage us in conversation, which lasted till late in the afternoon. They were very friendly, and very anxious to learn all about us and our native country, and we could not help feeling what a good opportunity for informal "preaching the Gospel” would be given by such conversations as this to anyone with a mastery of the language, and our feeling on this point was deepened when we heard the bulk of the conversation being retailed afterwards by our most prominent interviewer (whose industry lay in the manufacture of tobacco pipes) to the crowd which thronged the inn on our return to watch us eat our dinner. Before returning, however, we had managed to escape from our inquisitive friends by walking some little distance further on to a little hill off the road, where by the light of the setting sun we said our Evensong beside an old tomb. And so home to dinner and bed. (To be continued.)

The Spirit of Missions.

THE Universities' Mission to CENTRAL AFRICA has received a large accession of strength. On Tuesday, January Toth, a party left England for Zanzibar, including seven missionaries-- one priest (the Rev. T. C. Simpson), one deacon (the Rev J. Grindrod), one nurse for the hospital in Zanzibar, one treasurer's assistant, and one lady teacher for the girls' school at Zanzibar, and two printers--one for Zanzibar and one for Nyasa. In addition to these, Bishop Hornby, who (God willing) leaves Marseilles on Feb. 12, will be accompanied by the Rev. J. S. Wimbush-who has been with him two years in Sunderlandand by three laymen; and before long the staff of the Mission will further be strengthened by the Rev. E. S. Palmer, M.B., of St. Saviour's, Leeds; the Rev. G. Du Boulay, of Sneinton, Not

tingham; and the Rev. A. G. B. Glossop, of St. Mary's, Colchester. In the meantime, however, a severe bronchial attack has prostrated Bishop Smythies, so that he was unable to leave on Jan. 12 as he had intended, and his departure is now indefinitely postponed We are sometimes apt to forget how large an amount of purely missionary work among the heathen has to be done by the American Church in the United States itself. But, with a population of Indians, Chinamen, and negroes far outnumbering the members of the Church itself, it is evident that no small part of its work consists of missions to the heathen. That this duty is clearly recognised is illustrated by the fact that the General Convention of the American Church has just founded four new missionary jurisdictions and supplied them with bishops. Here is an account, taken from the Mission Field, of a clinical confirmation by the Bishop of CAPETOWN at Heidelberg, a missionary station in his diocese : " I was told that an old bed(?)-ridden woman, of over 90 years of age, desired to be confirmed. I went to her hut with Mr. Schierhout, about a mile outside the village, and found her lying on the bare ground, except for a thin reed mat beneath her, and covered with three or four meal-sacks for warmth. The hut was a simple acute angle, standing on the soil, constructed of bushes interlaced, about five feet or less from the ground to the apex of the angle, and about cight feet long from one end, which had no door or shelter, to the other, which was closed in with bushes. A woman cooking some meal in a cauldron was squatting just inside the opening, and it was most difficult to get past her. We both, however, squeezed through, and I never confirmed anyone under such difficulties. A tall man of 6 feet 2 inches, I had to bend nearly double while saying the service over her, and it was not possible to bring more than one hand into use in the act of confirming. The poor old woman seemed most grateful, murmuring her thanks to us for coming, but chiefly to God for His mercies to her. Poor thing! to human eyes she seemed to have wonderfully little to be grateful for; but that she felt an inward peace in the assurance of God's forgiving love in Jesus Christ, and the hope of a speedy change from squalor and hardship here to the rest which remaineth for God's people, one could not doubt."

The following words of the Bishop of Manchester, who speaks with all the authority of experience, present a very living picture of the needs, spiritual and temporal, of our colonists : "Not only is it very difficult to travel in those countries, but it is quite as difficult to maintain churches when you have established them. No doubt it is true that a settler frequently has possession of a farm of exceedingly fertile land, which probably after ten years of very hard labour would furnish to fronten en became terne, him a small fortune. But, in the first instance, it is covered with timber of which you have no knowledge in this country, trees 200, 300, and sometimes 400 feet high, with a corresponding thickness. Every one of these trees has to be separately burned. The underwood has also to be cut away, and so luxuriant is its growth that if it is left for a single year it is almost as thick as it was at the beginning. I have known men who have laboured hard for ten years in such a field as that and been successful, and who have told me at the end that the work had been so tremendous that they felt as if they were broken men. How are such men to keep up religious services ? They have hardly enough to purchase the necessaries of life. How, then, are they to find money to build wooden churches and maintain missionary clergymen or lay readers? These things, I can testify, have to be done for them in Victoria by a central fund; but when, as in many dioceses in Canada and South Africa, such a fund could not be created, what is to be done? Why, either the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel must come to the aid of local effort, or we must let the inhabitants of the colony go back to practical paganism. It may be quite easy for us, sitting at home at ease, to talk lightly about going back to practical paganism, but if we had to go into the forest and talk to the men there, men of our own race, and hear them beg and pray that they might have the privilege of Divine worship, and that their children might have the advantage of religious instruction, why, we would feel like taking off our coats and selling them in order to provide the necessary means. I do not want you to take off your coats, but I do want to ask you to do all you can to help the Society to send forth ministerial aid to those of your brethren who are living in the wilderness." The Archbishop of Canterbury told the following story in Croydon Parish Church on New Year's Day :

• One of our missionary Bishops, travelling through a desolate tract of country, was asked by some good people if he would go round by a certain distant station where there lived

a strange man almost by himself who kept a sort of little inn. They told the Bishop this man was an atheist, and thought it would be a great blessing if he would go out of his way to talk to him. The Bishop found him out, and one evening had a long conversation with him. At its close the man said, “Bishop, I see you are labouring under a mistake; a man can't live here in the wilderness with God all day and all night and think there isn't a God. You must go to the towns if you want to find a man who doesn't think there's a God.'" Correspondence. Extracts from home letters of the Rev. Mark Napier Trollope. SEOUL, Michaelmas 1892. « HERE I am back home' you see, and very busy finishing the church and making final preparations for the Sisters and the Doxats, Warner has gone on a long trip up the river in a house-boat (not exactly like the house-boats at Henley), with a view to discovering whether that is a suitable method of taking missionary journeys. Davies has just left for Fusan, where he is to meet a member of the English Legation at Tokyo and Mr. G. N. Curzon (late Under-Secretary of State for India), who are going to travel overland from Fusan to Seoul, and who wired to our Consul, Mr. Hillier, for an interpreter. Mr. Hillier suggested that Davies should avail himself of the opportunity of seeing so much, so in the Bishop's absence I gave him leave. He ought to have a very enjoyable and useful trip. .... The Bishop is at Niu Ch'wang, whither Pownall goes shortly to relieve him and to take up his quarters for the winter. So I hope we shall have the Bishop with us here this winter. "Mr. Small's return from Canada is again, I am sorry to say, delayed, and my present companions are only the two laymen who joined us last July. One, a printer, is from Mr. Kelly's, and the other is a man who has done a good deal of lay mission work at home, and is very keen on it here."

• November 14th.-The Sisters have arrived, and are settling into the house that I built for them. There are five of them, and they have a trained nurse with them..... Their very presence in Seoul seems to make us feel warmer, and helps to give our Mission more of the position it ought to take. As yet I have not seen much of them since the day that we walked down to Mapu on the river to meet them on their way up from Chemulpo, whence Dr. Landis brought them by river steamer. . . . . I am probably going to winter at Chemulpo. At present Pownall is at Niu Ch'wang for the winter, where he is probably ice-bound by this time.

“Mr. Small will certainly not be back from Canada till spring. Mr. Doxat, whose arrival we are daily expecting, will be up here. Warner will be in a little house down by the river, and yet we must be represented, and ought to be strongly represented, at Chemulpo, where there are about twenty-five Europeans, of whom about six are British and Church people, and where the Bishop has already built a small church and mission-house, and where also Dr. Landis is working among Coreans in his hospital. It is, however, the Japanese, 3,000 or 4,000 in number, who constitute the real importance of Chemulpo. If I go I shall have to do all I can by learning a little Japanese, teaching English, &c., to make a lodgment for the Mission among them, so that when some one comes out really to take up Japanese work, he may find something ready to his hand.”