Morning Calm v.18 no.111(1907 Jan.) - 편집 역사

최원재: /* ST. LUKE'S HOSPITAL,Chemulpo. */

2021-06-30T14:05:51Z

‎ST. LUKE'S HOSPITAL,Chemulpo.

최원재: /* St. Michael's Day at Chemulpo. */

2021-06-30T13:42:06Z

‎St. Michael's Day at Chemulpo.

최원재: /* Correspondence. */

2021-06-30T13:37:51Z

‎Correspondence.

최원재: /* Correspondence. */

2021-06-30T13:22:54Z

‎Correspondence.

최원재: /* Children's Branch of the Association of prayer and Work for Corea. */

2021-06-30T13:19:54Z

‎Children's Branch of the Association of prayer and Work for Corea.

최원재: /* III. */

2021-06-30T13:18:29Z

‎III.

최원재: /* III. */

2021-06-30T13:17:15Z

‎III.

최원재: /* II. */

2021-06-30T13:06:07Z

‎II.

최원재: /* II. */

2021-06-30T12:56:27Z

‎II.

최원재: /* The Bishop's Letters.Ⅰ. */

2021-06-30T12:54:35Z

‎The Bishop's Letters.Ⅰ.

@@ 213번째 줄: / 213번째 줄: @@
 ===ST. LUKE'S HOSPITAL,Chemulpo.===
-________________________________________
 Extract from Letter by Sister Nora.
-YOU may like to hear something of what we saw in what was to us a new part of Corea during our resting time this year. Miss Jephson, who is now helping at the Kangwha mission-house, came with me. We started from Seoul by the newly opened Eni-ju railway in the afternoon of September 3; there are as yet no first class carriages, and second class on only one moming train, but as we usually travel third this did not signify; the Coreans are always quiet and well behaved, they may smoke a little more than is quite pleasant when the carriages are full, still small native pipes are perhaps less offensive than the endless Japanese cigarettes of the second class. We went slowly and deliberately, no danger from reckless speed, through rice and millet fields bordered by green hills, grey bare mountains in the distance and above them Pouk-han, the giant of this part of Corea, seemed to follow us to Song-do, showing various shapes against the deep blue sky as we wound through the valleys until at last only his triple crown was to be seen from a hill in the old capital. We reached Song-do at 6 P.M. As 500 years have passed since the seat of royalty was transferred to the present Seoul (capital city), its ancient glories have passed away and it is only an insignificant town, its extensive Palace only a grassy mound with a few relics of carved steps left, and its walls enclosing a space so large that it is difficult to realise amongst farms and wooded hills that you are still inside a city. The streets were clean and so were the people, the women wore veil-like skirts over their heads made of white native cloth and calen-dered to shine like silk gauze, a much more picturesque dress
+YOU may like to hear something of what we saw in what was to us a new part of Corea during our resting time this year. Miss Jephson, who is now helping at the Kangwha mission-house, came with me. We started from Seoul by the newly opened Eni-ju railway in the afternoon of September 3; there are as yet no first class carriages, and second class on only one moming train, but as we usually travel third this did not signify; <span style="color:red">the Coreans are always quiet and well behaved</span>, they may smoke a little more than is quite pleasant when the carriages are full, still small native pipes are perhaps less offensive than the endless Japanese cigarettes of the second class. We went slowly and deliberately, no danger from reckless speed, through rice and millet fields bordered by green hills, grey bare mountains in the distance and above them Pouk-han, the giant of this part of Corea, seemed to follow us to Song-do, showing various shapes against the deep blue sky as we wound through the valleys until at last only his triple crown was to be seen from a hill in the old capital.
-−
-than the green silk coat of Seoul with its sleeves hanging empty. There is no hotel, and one of the American mission-aries most kindly offered us hospitality. He and his wife were the first foreigners to live in Song-do, and began their work some nine years ago ; at first they met with a good deal of distrust and opposition, now the native Christians in the town and surrounding villages number over 2,000. The Methodist Episcopal Mission Society, to which they belong, has built two churches, one inside the town and the other outside near the railway station; both are well attended under the care of two pastors, who also superintend the work of native catechists in various villages within some days' journey from the town. We did not see the two lady workers, who were absent at an annual conference in Seoul ; a commodious foreign house is being built for them in a large compound which will also contain their school for girls and a mission-room for the women. No medical work has been begun yet, but they are hoping to have a doctor and hospital soon. The Song-ak-sau chain of mountains to the south of Song-do is rugged and picturesque, abounding in fine waterfalls, of which one has a clear fall of about 600 feet. We had not time to visit them but saw the "bamboo bridge," a small stone bridge across a winding river which passes through the town, and where a famous Corean legislator was murdered upwards of five centuries ago; the story goes that a bamboo grew out of the stone on which he fell, and a stain is still shown as his blood. The bridge is enclosed, and a wooden one built alongside for traffic ; tablet houses and a small temple close by are used to offer sacrifices for the spirit of the murdered man. The present Emperor built the temple as a gift to the people of Song-do who were inclined to be disaffected. Song-do used to be the centre of the ginseng trade here, now America supplies it more cheaply, and in the last four years it has nearly disappeared; we looked in vain to see it growing, the ginseng gardens with their storing sheds, &c., were there, but only beans and cabbages were to be seen in them.
+We reached Song-do at 6 P.M. As 500 years have passed since the seat of royalty was transferred to the present Seoul (capital city), its ancient glories have passed away and <span style="color:red">it is only an insignificant town, its extensive Palace only a grassy mound with a few relics of carved steps left, and its walls enclosing a space so large that it is difficult to realise amongst farms and wooded hills that you are still inside a city. The streets were clean and so were the people, the women wore veil-like skirts over their heads made of white native cloth and calen-dered to shine like silk gauze, a much more picturesque dress than the green silk coat of Seoul with its sleeves hanging empty. There is no hotel</span>, and one of the American mission-aries most kindly offered us hospitality. He and his wife were the first foreigners to live in Song-do, and began their work some nine years ago ; at first they met with a good deal of distrust and opposition, now the native Christians in the town and surrounding villages number over 2,000.
 	We left our kind friends at Song-do at midday, on September 6, and again proceeded slowly through fertile valleys, wooded hills, and occasional glimpses of high mountains; as we went north the rice-fields gave way to beans and millet of different kinds, one very tall like brown feathers waving high above the golden undergrowth of beans and another species of millet. We reached Pyeng Yang at 7 P.M., and there was just light enough to see the long railway bridge over the Tai-tong river, on which it is built some two miles further up than the railway
 The Methodist Episcopal Mission Society, to which they belong, has built two churches, one inside the town and the other outside near the railway station; both are well attended under the care of two pastors, who also superintend the work of native catechists in various villages within some days' journey from the town. We did not see the two lady workers, who were absent at an annual conference in Seoul ; a commodious foreign house is being built for them in a large compound which will also contain their school for girls and a mission-room for the women. No medical work has been begun yet, but they are hoping to have a doctor and hospital soon. The Song-ak-sau chain of mountains to the south of Song-do is rugged and picturesque, abounding in fine waterfalls, of which one has a clear fall of about 600 feet.
 station. The Japanese are enlarging and improving the line, originally made in a hurry during the Russo-Japanese war, narrow and imperfect, so a good deal has to be done before it becomes part of the main line between Tokyo and Calais. Between the station and the town wall a Japanese town is rapidly springing up, some streets already built and others marked out. Pyeng Yang is one of the oldest inhabited sites in the world, one of the walls still bears the name of Wang Kom, who belonged to a dynasty which ended before the time of King Saul. Kija, who founded the greater part of the city and laid it out in squares, came over from China with 5.000 followers about 1122 B.C., and took possession of the fertile plains round Pyeng Yang. He enlarged the town, made a fortified wall, and dug a well, the only one in the city, then saying that the town was the shape of a boat, forbade any other wells to be dug lest they should scuttle it, and had a large metal bowl placed at the bottom of his well! The city is supplied from the river by troops of water-carriers, and foreigners have tried in vain to get good water, though they have dug very deep in various places, so perhaps Kija was wiser than he seems to be! We stayed for ten days at a quiet French hotel, the only one, picturesquely placed on the bank of the river near the Tai-tong moun, or East-river gate, and close to the principal ferry, where the Japanese had thrown a pontoon bridge during the war, which could not stand the floods or the ice. We had a fine view of the mountains and river, the latter must be more than a mile in width, but so shallow that a little above us the flat ferry boats could only cross at high tide, and half the time the people waded half-way with their farm produce, &c., on their heads and met the boats at a sandbank in midstream. We had a letter of intro-duction to Dr. Hunter Wells, of the American Presbyterian Mission, the first to commence work in that district about thirteen years ago. His house and those of the members of the same Mission occupy a hill outside the old city wall, where the Japanese troops fought and conquered the Chinese in 1895. They have a large park-like compound with picturesque houses in their own gardens. There are also a hospital, school and mission chapel, and they are now building a seminary for training native catechists. As at Song-do, most of the mis-sionaries were away at Seoul, but those who remained were most kind and hospitable, and showed us all they could of their work. They have the largest church in Corea, built chiefly by Coreans, in a commanding position inside the city; it is in the
+<span style="color:red">We had not time to visit them but saw the "bamboo bridge," a small stone bridge across a winding river which passes through the town, and where a famous Corean legislator was murdered upwards of five centuries ago; the story goes that a bamboo grew out of the stone on which he fell, and a stain is still shown as his blood. The bridge is enclosed, and a wooden one built alongside for traffic ; tablet houses and a small temple close by are used to offer sacrifices for the spirit of the murdered man. The present Emperor built the temple as a gift to the people of Song-do who were inclined to be disaffected. Song-do used to be the centre of <span style="color:purple">the ginseng trade here, now America supplies it more cheaply, and in the last four years it has nearly disappeared</span>; we looked in vain to see it growing, the ginseng gardens with their storing sheds, &c., were there, but only beans and cabbages were to be seen in them.</span>
 form of the letter I, the shorter end being devoted to the women, and the longer, with a small gallery, to the men; a plat-form with a desk and American organ occupies the angle. It is built to accommodate 2,000 people, and often more than filled. Miss Best took us there on Sunday afternoon to the chief service of the day; there were about 600 women and 700 men present, besides some fifty children. Mr. Lee, the pastor of the church, conducted the service, said the prayers, and led the hymns with a trumpet, for the organ could scarcely be heard. A stirring sermon was preached by a Corean catechist, one of four whom they hope will become pastors next year. At 10 A.M. Miss Best has a Sunday School in the same build-ing, attended by 300 women and some children, and taught in fourteen classes by native Bible-women; she herself goes about to the villages teaching and superintending the Bible-women's work within a circuit of some forty miles, often up through the eastern mountains. One of the Christian villages is on an island in the river not far above the town, where the inhabitants still refuse to pay taxes, saying that their island floated down from the mountains, and they do not belong to Pyeng Yang district! The women wear nothing approaching to a veil, just a white muslin kerchief twisted round their heads with its ends so tied as to resemble small wings; the better class wear huge chip hats, resembling large beehives, of a hexagonal shape and a yard in diameter, they can only see their way by tilting them up, which they do freely, especially if there are any foreigners to be gazed at.
-	Miss Best took us to see the tomb of Kija, about two miles from her house on a pine-clad hill outside the north gate; it is like all Corean royal tombs, a high grass-covered mound, beautifully kept, protected by a wall, a polished granite slab in front for sacrifices, two carved stone guards, stone horses for the spirit to ride, stone tigers to hunt, and stone sheep for sacrifice. Passing on through the wood we came to a pavilion so placed as to command a fine view of town and river to the south-west ; further on, we ascended a conical hill, the highest in the neighbourhood, which was stormed by the Japanese in 1895, and when taken the Chinese ran away and left them the town. From the summit we had a magnificent bird's-eye view of the city and country from the port at Chinnampo to the high mountains on the east, with the river winding like the Rhine from the top of Strasburg Cathedral only much broader. The Methodist Episcopal Mission has a compound inside the city on the opposite side from the Presbyterians, but as the
+	We left our kind friends at Song-do at midday, on September 6, and again proceeded slowly through fertile valleys, wooded hills, and occasional glimpses of high mountains; as we went north the rice-fields gave way to beans and millet of different kinds, one very tall like brown feathers waving high above the golden undergrowth of beans and another species of millet. We reached Pyeng Yang at 7 P.M., and there was just light enough to see the long railway bridge over the Tai-tong river, on which it is built some two miles further up than the railway
+station. The Japanese are enlarging and improving the line, originally made in a hurry during <span style="color:green">the Russo-Japanese war</span>, narrow and imperfect, so a good deal has to be done before it becomes part of the main line between Tokyo and Calais.
 missionaries were away in Seoul we did not see or hear any-thing of their work. There is a small Roman Catholic church with schools for boys and girls and one French priest, but we could not hear of anything being done for the increasing crowds of Japanese by any of the missions. The climate was delightful, warm and yet bracing, and only one shower of rain during our two days' stay. We left early on September 15, and reached Seoul in eleven hours stopping at nineteen places, often for a considerable time; we could only see two or three towns from the railway, but everywhere there were signs of Japanese beginning to farm, three or four Japanese cottages in a cluster. As yet the crops were all Corean, and to judge by the numbers of natives travelling from place to place, they must be gaining from the opening of the country by the new railway which was only used for traffic last summer.
-							*NORA, Community S. Peter,
+Between the station and the town wall a Japanese town is rapidly springing up, some streets already built and others marked out. Pyeng Yang is <span style="color:red">one of the oldest inhabited sites in the world, one of the walls still bears the name of Wang Kom, who belonged to a dynasty which ended before the time of King Saul. Kija, who founded the greater part of the city and laid it out in squares, came over from China with 5.000 followers about 1122 B.C., and took possession of the fertile plains round Pyeng Yang. He enlarged the town, made a fortified wall, and dug a well, the only one in the city, then saying that the town was the shape of a boat, forbade any other wells to be dug lest they should scuttle it, and had a large metal bowl placed at the bottom of his well! The city is supplied from the river by troops of water-carriers, and foreigners have tried in vain to get good water, though they have dug very deep in various places, so perhaps Kija was wiser than he seems to be!</span>
 										Sister-in-Charge.
-________________________________________
 ===The Spirit of Missions.===
 	WHAT INDIA NEEDS.--" How urgently India still needs even the civilising and humanising influence of the Gospel is shown by the statements in The Times that widows have even in the past two years been burnt to death on the funeral pyres of their husbands--instances being given in Behar, in Oudh, and in Ajmere--and that one case at least (probably more) of human sacrifice to the gods has occurred in Eastern Bengal; while the Christian Patriot, the chief native Christian organ, illustrates the inability of mere material progress to affect idolatry by mentioning a procession of the god Ganesha mounted on a bicycle, and the worship of the motor-car as an incarnation of the spirit of the age."--(Story of the Year. C.M.S.)

@@ 206번째 줄: / 206번째 줄: @@
 ===St. Michael's Day at Chemulpo.===
 IN spite of having no resident clergy in Chemulpo this year, St. Michael's Day was kept to some purpose. As the Bishop and most of the clergy were congregated in Kangwha revising the Prayer Book, Mr. Gurney kindly came down on Friday evening and took services.
-	The great event of the day was the marriage of Hugo Pak, our house boy, who, with the exception of one month, has been with us ever since we have been here, and even longer, as he was engaged and set to work preparing before we arrived. His wife had been for some time in a Christian family and was admitted a catechumen on Friday evening, so that they were able to have a Christian marriage, to the great delight of everyone.
+	<span style="color:red">The great event of the day was the marriage of Hugo Pak, our house boy, who, with the exception of one month, has been with us ever since we have been here, and even longer, as he was engaged and set to work preparing before we arrived. His wife had been for some time in a Christian family and was admitted a catechumen on Friday evening, so that they were able to have a Christian marriage, to the great delight of everyone. Early on Saturday morning the little church was fairly filled, mostly by Christians and adherents. As at all Corean services, the chairs are removed and a white screen hung on poles down the middle to prevent men and women from seeing one another. On the right of this were a number of Corean ladies in white, with smooth white veils over their heads, and nearly in front the little bride, gorgeously arrayed in brilliantly-coloured silks, with sleeves almost to the ground, her face whitened, with a large bright red spot painted on each cheek and her eyes meekly: closed; though she was more fortunate than most Corean women, in that she had not got them fastened shut. On the left of the screen were the men, and in a place corresponding to the bride was Hugo, dressed for the occasion in full court dress, even to the gauze ears fixed on to the hat, which are intended to enable the courtiers to catch the least word falling from the sacred lips of the Emperor. How strange our marriage service must seem to Coreans used to treating their wives as so entirely inferior! After it was over we took a photograph of the party outside the church; and though the bride and bridegroom did not stand as close together as is usual in the West, yet it all helped to show that marriage is a real union. The procession then moved off home, the bridegroom in a rickshaw and the bride in a Corean chair, which, to our amusement, she shared with Katarina, Hugo's sister, and John Choi's wife, who is lame. We had not long finished breakfast when Hugo appeared, having disposed of his borrowed plumes, and besought us to be seated, remarking that this was Corean custom. He then pro-ceeded to prostrate himself to each in turn and gave us an invitation to come down later to the house which he now shares with John just outside the hospital. In due course we went, accompanied by Miss Pooley and Mr. Gurney, and were all solemnly ushered into the small women's room, eight feet square. There we sat on the floor in a row, and the poor little bride, supported on one side by her grandmother and the other by a friend, slowly prostrated herself three times to each of us, the two ladies carefully spreading out her crimson silk brocade skirt each time. Though we retired after this, all was not over, for we saw trays of food being brought in to feast all the guests, and we ourselves were not to be left out. It appeared as if tea things were leaving the house when we got back to it, and we were soon summoned again to go down, to find a Corean table placed on the central verandah covered with our best tray and tea things, though the tea and cakes were not our own, nor the sugar, of which more directly; indeed, too much. Behind the table stood the bride, and we were requested to sit down, when the bridegroom, with great delight, poured us out tea, and, to show his respect and desire to please, about half filled each cup with moist sugar. The only thing to do was not to stir it, but we were thankful to be excused Corean food. Though the wedding was over, however, the day was not, and an open-air lantern service was arranged for the evening. In the church compound is '''a large cross on which lamps can be hung, and which is then visible a long way'''. We meant to decorate this; and as the small lamps, made of bamboo and paper, which the Coreans use, can only be bought at certain times of year, the male part of the wedding party set to work and made twenty of them. As the sun began to set these were hung up, and the few which remained over were strung on a stick over the gate, inside which was an open space, where we set up the sheet and lantern. One of the men fetched two large lanterns about a yard across, with the Corean flag painted on them, and these were hung one on each gate post. Soon a fair number of people assembled, and some of our young men stood at the door asking them to come in, and assuring them that there was no charge, and even went out along the street inviting them in. We had a very beautiful set of simple coloured slides of our Lord's life and a few parables, and also a few hymns, and John Choi lectured for about two hours to a somewhat shifting audience it is true, but one in which probably a hundred people were present the whole time and another hundred for parts of it. It was all very encourage-ing; but the best part was the attitude of our Christians and some of the catechumens, who really seemed eager to do all they could to spread the Word.</span>
-	Early on Saturday morning the little church was fairly filled, mostly by Christians and adherents. As at all Corean services, the chairs are removed and a white screen hung on poles down the middle to prevent men and women from seeing one another. On the right of this were a number of Corean ladies in white, with smooth white veils over their heads, and nearly in front
+	<span style="color:blue">The clouds are lifting, slowly it is true, but perceptibly, and we are looking forward soon to the time when Chemulpo shall no longer be a byword in the Mission, but a centre of strong and earnest life and effort for our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ.</span>
 the little bride, gorgeously arrayed in brilliantly-coloured silks, with sleeves almost to the ground, her face whitened, with a large bright red spot painted on each cheek and her eyes meekly: closed; though she was more fortunate than most Corean women, in that she had not got them fastened shut. On the left of the screen were the men, and in a place corresponding to the bride was Hugo, dressed for the occasion in full court dress, even to the gauze ears fixed on to the hat, which are intended to enable the courtiers to catch the least word falling from the sacred lips of the Emperor. How strange our marriage service must seem to Coreans used to treating their wives as so entirely inferior!
-	After it was over we took a photograph of the party outside the church; and though the bride and bridegroom did not stand as close together as is usual in the West, yet it all helped to show that marriage is a real union. The procession then moved off home, the bridegroom in a rickshaw and the bride in a Corean chair, which, to our amusement, she shared with Katarina, Hugo's sister, and John Choi's wife, who is lame.
+H. H. W.
-	We had not long finished breakfast when Hugo appeared,
 ===ST. LUKE'S HOSPITAL,Chemulpo.===
 ________________________________________

@@ 175번째 줄: / 175번째 줄: @@
 	On Monday, 24th, I went to Seoul, a twelve hours' journey, distance 280 miles; and the country did look beautiful--a good harvest in the valleys, and the bold bare hills everywhere, lit at sunset with glorious colours.
 	We got to Seoul at 11 P.M., and when I reached the Mission compound everything was shut up--a cold welcome. When at last admitted, I found that the Bishop was still at Kangwha, and the letter I had written him was lying unopened in his study. Mr. Gurney was at Chong Dong, and welcomed me next morning
-	On October 1, I went to Kangwha to see the Bishop, and found him very busy, revising the translation of the Prayer Book.
+	We got to Seoul at 11 P.M., and when I reached the Mission compound everything was shut up--a cold welcome. When at last admitted, I found that the Bishop was still at Kangwha, and the letter I had written him was lying unopened in his study. Mr. Gurney was at Chong Dong, and welcomed me next morning.
 	I shall leave others to write about the Corean work, the need of men for that, so as to take advantage of the awakening all through the country, and the demand for teaching which comes from the Coreans themselves. Oh, you who read, will you not come and supply that demand? The Japanese here keep on increasing. At Fusan there are 20,000; at Seoul, 13,000; at Chemulpo, twenty-five miles from Seoul, there are 12,000; at Pyeng Yang, 7.000, which will be 10,000 in a year, if not more at Chinnampo, 3,000, but this town is not growing. These are the chief places, except Wonsan, on the east coast, with about 5,000. Besides these there are Japanese all over the country in groups of tens and up to 1,500 or 2,000, and we have a duty to them, too. Let me illustrate. I live at Seoul. One Sunday a month I have to visit Fusan to administer the Blessed Sacrament, three Sundays in two months to Chemulpo, and three Sundays in two months I remain at Seoul. But I am now on my way to the extreme north, Wiju, going 120 miles north-east from there to visit a Japanese family, a post office official, his wife and mother, which means four or five days’ walking each way, besides two days each way in the train. Then on my way from Wiju I must make a two days' journey to the American mines to see a Japanese Christian woman, and to visit the sixty white men there.
 	By degrees I shall visit all the chief places to gather the few Christians together who may be in them, that they may meet on Sundays for prayer and praise and mutual comfort, trying after- wards to see them two or three times each year.
-	That is all I can do alone ; but oh, we do want men. We should have English priests living at Fusan, at Seoul, at Chemulpo, at Pyeng Yang, and at Wonsan. It is not so much preaching that the Japanese need as the personal example, and
+	That is all I can do alone ; but oh, we do want men. <span style="color:blue">We should have English priests living at Fusan, at Seoul, at Chemulpo, at Pyeng Yang, and at Wonsan. It is not so much preaching that the Japanese need as the personal example, and that can be shown by those who do not know the language at all. Christianity has been preached and discussed and studied all through Japan; now the people want to be shown by example that Christ still does give to men the power to walk as He walked. They see plenty of examples of the reverse.</span>
-−
-that can be shown by those who do not know the language at all. Christianity has been preached and discussed and studied all through Japan; now the people want to be shown by example that Christ still does give to men the power to walk as He walked. They see plenty of examples of the reverse.
+	People at home, I found, are awfully afraid of the language, but that need deter no one. <span style="color:red">The stiffness of Chinese, Japanese, and Corean has been dinned into people so much that it is a regular stumbling-block</span>, but it is not really very hard to acquire a fair facility. One studies away without seeming to get on, but the speaking comes; and anyway, as I said, it is not the talking that is important--it is the life, and a Christ-like man can do an infinite amount of preaching, though he may never be able to do more than speak brokenly.
 	People at home, I found, are awfully afraid of the language, but that need deter no one. The stiffness of Chinese, Japanese, and Corean has been dinned into people so much that it is a regular stumbling-block, but it is not really very hard to acquire a fair facility. One studies away without seeming to get on, but the speaking comes; and anyway, as I said, it is not the talking that is important--it is the life, and a Christ-like man can do an infinite amount of preaching, though he may never be able to do more than speak brokenly. I wish I could give some idea of the need of work among the Japanese in Corea, though it is unfelt by them. People here--foreigners, that is-- think that the Japanese who come to Corea are peculiarly bad. It is not so really. They are the ordinary people of all classes whom one would meet day by day in Japan. But it is true, and the Japanese themselves recognise it, that when they come here they go down hill. For instance, I think that when a Japanese first lands in Corea he or she is quite inclined to be friendly with the natives (I do not use this word in a contemptuous sense); but at once he hires a man to take his luggage to an inn, and pays his fare all right; the coolie asks for more, speaking an unknown tongue, and the Japanese finds that if he speak roughly the coolie will go away at once. This being the case, it is small wonder that the Japanese soon learn to bully, and so sink. Then the Japanese officials: They come over to help Corea, but they have not the moral fibre to withstand the corrupting influences here, and there is no public opinion to back them up. So Japan floods the country with more and more officials in every department, and still things do not improve. Yet she really wishes to help Corea. Her sending Marquis Ito to Seoul as the first Resident-General shows that--for Marquis Ito has served his country well--he has long passed the age at which a Japanese feels that he should retire, and he is the man whom the Japanese nation delights to honour; but he is also the one Japanese whom the Coreans were inclined to trust. Japan sent the very best she could. Yes, Japan really wants to help Corea, but the people lack experience in dealing with such a problem as the conciliation and guidance of another country. They lack good, reliable instruments, and the country is flooded (as it were) with Japanese in all walks of life, whose environment
+I wish I could give some idea of the need of work among the Japanese in Corea, though it is unfelt by them. <span style="color:yellow">People here--foreigners, that is-- think that the Japanese who come to Corea are peculiarly bad. It is not so really. They are the ordinary people of all classes whom one would meet day by day in Japan. But it is true, and the Japanese themselves recognise it, that when they come here they go down hill. For instance, I think that when a Japanese first lands in Corea he or she is quite inclined to be friendly with the natives (I do not use this word in a contemptuous sense); but at once he hires a man to take his luggage to an inn, and pays his fare all right; the coolie asks for more, speaking an unknown tongue, and the Japanese finds that if he speak roughly the coolie will go away at once. This being the case, it is small wonder that the Japanese soon learn to bully, and so sink. Then the Japanese officials: They come over to help Corea, but they have not the moral fibre to withstand the corrupting influences here, and there is no public opinion to back them up. So Japan floods the country with more and more officials in every department, and still things do not improve.</span>
 causes them to sink, and who have not the stamina to fight against it.
 		We can help them. Through Christ they will obtain sympathy to deal with the Coreans, and moral strength to strive against sin. We can lead them; but oh, we want men.
 	Why does not the Church at home wake up? In olden time the Church sent missions to heathen lands, not two or three men, but they chose the best man they could as leader, sending him with a strong following. So St. Augustine came to England. What do we do? The Corean Mission has been established seventeen years, and to-day we have a bishop and six priests, besides the hospital staff and the Sisters to work among the women, though two more Sisters and three ladies are coming out shortly, two of the ladies to work among the Japanese,
 	When we do send men out they are young as a rule, either fresh from college or with little parochial experience, no know-ledge of human nature, and of no standing in the Church at home. They do pick up their experience by degrees, but with so little guidance for them it is a reckless tinkering with men's souls. That do which I chiefly want to draw attention, how-ever, is the fact that the Church at home is making little sacrifice in sending us out. The individual may give himself, the parents may sacrifice their son ; but is the Church, as a corporate body, giving someone to whom it attaches great value? That ought to be the spirit in which men are sent, men of learning, of experience, of knowledge in dealing with souls, men of mark in the Church. Yet when a good man does go out is it not rather, "Why does so-and-so go? he should stay at home, as he is such a good man"-a grudging of the sacrifice.
 	I know the need at home, that men say there are as many heathens in England as in other countries, and yet we do not gain our victories by massing all our forces at the base, but by scattering abroad. Is there no lesson for us to-day in the fact that after the day of Pentecost a persecution arose, and the disciples were scattered abroad? Also one reads much and hears much about the scarcity of candidates for ordination in England, and one who paid a first visit to England might be excused for wondering if it is not because the need for more is not felt--that is, that there are already far too many clergy in England now. There are plenty of Christians among the laity anxious, or at least willing, to help, and by using them as teachers they would learn themselves. Then, again, if more men came out
 	I know the need at home, that men say there are as many heathens in England as in other countries, and yet we do not gain our victories by massing all our forces at the base, but by scattering abroad. Is there no lesson for us to-day in the fact that after the day of Pentecost a persecution arose, and the disciples were scattered abroad? Also one reads much and hears much about the scarcity of candidates for ordination in England, and one who paid a first visit to England might be excused for wondering if it is not because the need for more is not felt--that is, that there are already far too many clergy in England now. There are plenty of Christians among the laity anxious, or at least willing, to help, and by using them as teachers they would learn themselves. Then, again, if more men came out to the Mission fields abroad the hearts of their friends would come too, and those who had taken little interest in Missions would become interested.
 to the Mission fields abroad the hearts of their friends would come too, and those who had taken little interest in Missions would become interested.
 	How can a man preach about Missions, their utter need, and urge men to go, without hearing within himself a still small voice whispering. "Why do you not go?" How could men in all ages have had strength to endure suffering, persecution and death, if our Master Himself had not led the way; if He had not said, “The disciple is not above his Master. If they have called the Master Beelzebub, how much more them of His House"?
 	Yes, I think that people at home want to see the sacrifice of the priest himself, his soul and body, and they will be ready to lead. There may be as much, or more, sacrifice in the work at home in one sense, but the going abroad is a more severe test of a man's giving up everything for the Kingdom of Heaven's sake, and it is a sacrifice which appeals to others more, and in it the Church can share as a whole, and then we can echo the stirring cry of Him who leads the way, “Follow Me."
 								STEPHEN H. CARTWRIGHT.
 ===St. Michael's Day at Chemulpo.===

@@ 169번째 줄: / 169번째 줄: @@
 								PYENG YANG:
 									October 25, 1906.
 BACK in Corea again. I landed at Yokohama on September 5, and found a letter from Bishop Turner telling me to stay in Japan for a week or so, and try to find a Japanese catechist, or a man who could act as my teacher, to come to Corea with me. I could find no catechist--they are far too few in Japan itself-- and the more I thought of a teacher the more I felt it was not right to take one to Seoul, for these reasons: I am away a great deal visiting Japanese settlements, and have only about two or three hours a day to spend on the study of Japanese when at Seoul, so that my teacher has nearly all his time on his hands; and the sinfulness and temptations among the Japanese in Corea are very great, far more so than we have any idea of. Of course, if we could get just the right man, an oldish man, a Christian, and of a studious nature, who could occupy himself in studying, he would be a great help; but such men are hard to find, and would usually have a wife and family to keep them at home, as it is difficult for the Japanese here to educate their children. Thus I felt I must wait until the man came forward of himself.
 	After twelve days in Japan I left Tokyo for Corea, and landed at Fusan on September 21, and stayed there with my people over Sunday, the 23rd. I was glad to be back, meeting the Japanese Christians again and being welcomed by them, seeing the Coreans stalking about solemnly, or sitting in the shops hob-nobbing by the hour, all quite natural, as if I had not been away at all. I was too late for Mr. Wilson's ordination on St. Matthew's Day, as the railway between Fusan and Seoul had been damaged by floods. I had been looking forward very much to being present.
@@ 193번째 줄: / 195번째 줄: @@
 								STEPHEN H. CARTWRIGHT.
 ________________________________________
 ===St. Michael's Day at Chemulpo.===
 IN spite of having no resident clergy in Chemulpo this year, St. Michael's Day was kept to some purpose. As the Bishop and most of the clergy were congregated in Kangwha revising the Prayer Book, Mr. Gurney kindly came down on Friday evening and took services.

@@ 128번째 줄: / 128번째 줄: @@
 	Ashurst, Winchester :
 			December, 1906.
-________________________________________
 ===NEW MEMBERS===
 	Beca .-Elaine Vans, Dorothy Vaux

@@ 57번째 줄: / 57번째 줄: @@
 	<span style="color:red">As to the actual ordination service, we began with English matins at six o'clock, and after that, as the service was to be in Corean, and though Mr. Wilson knew the meaning of it fairly well, yet it would not be the same to him as his own language, I read the address in English and asked him the questions at the same time. Then the bell was rung and the Corean con-gregation came in, and the rest was taken in Corean, Mr. Badcock having at my request prepared a version of the service and printed a few copies for present use. The service all went very smoothly, and the Coreans were able to follow it all and hear the answers, in which Mr. Wilson pledged himself to do the work of a priest in the Church of Christ. May God grant to him many years in which to prove by his life and conversation among them the reality of his faith and love for God and for them. As I have said before, we look for great things from him by the grace and favour of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ.</span>
-	I find that I have left myself little space to say anything of the other object for which I came to Kangwha. We had arranged at our conference in the spring that as our edition of the Prayer Book was sold out, it would be better to try and revise it before reprinting. The four of us who have been in the country longest set to work therefore to go through it as carefully as possible to see if we could do anything to improve and simplify it. As far as improvement goes we felt some qualms as to trying, for we all knew that Mr. Trollope was in many ways better qualified to know what was right or wrong than we were ; but at the same time we also knew that a good many things in his edition were only experimental, and experience had shown us, as it would have shown him, that certain changes were necessary, and especially perhaps in the way of simplifying some of the words and forms used which were difficult for our uneducated people to grasp the meaning of. So the Revs. J. S. Badcock, F. R. Hillary, G. A. Bridle and I set to work as soon as the ordination was over to try our hands at this extremely anxious and important task. We had three Corean assessors, but one thing we felt all through was that we wanted some Corean scholar better able to check what we were doing. I must not enter into details now, but will only say that we have finished a tentative new edition of the Holy Communion and Litany; but a good deal remains to be done to it yet. I must not close without saying how much we feel we are indebted to Mr. Badoock for the way he has carried out all the arrangements for us here.
+	I find that I have left myself little space to say anything of the other object for which I came to Kangwha. We had arranged at our conference in the spring that as <span style="color:blue">our edition of the Prayer Book was sold out, it would be better to try and revise it before reprinting. The four of us who have been in the country longest set to work therefore to go through it as carefully as possible to see if we could do anything to improve and simplify it. As far as improvement goes we felt some qualms as to trying, for we all knew that Mr. Trollope was in many ways better qualified to know what was right or wrong than we were ; but at the same time we also knew that a good many things in his edition were only experimental, and experience had shown us, as it would have shown him, that certain changes were necessary, and especially perhaps in the way of simplifying some of the words and forms used which were difficult for our uneducated people to grasp the meaning of. So the Revs. J. S. Badcock, F. R. Hillary, G. A. Bridle and I set to work as soon as the ordination was over to try our hands at this extremely anxious and important task. We had three Corean assessors, but one thing we felt all through was that we wanted some Corean scholar better able to check what we were doing. I must not enter into details now, but will only say that we have finished a tentative new edition of the Holy Communion and Litany; but a good deal remains to be done to it yet. I must not close without saying how much we feel we are indebted to Mr. Badoock for the way he has carried out all the arrangements for us here.</span>
 						I am, yours truly,

@@ 44번째 줄: / 44번째 줄: @@
 										October 8, 1906.
 MY DEAR FRIENDS,
 	How terribly fast the months run away! It seems only the other day that I was writing to you, and then I was in the thinnest things I could wear, and now I am glad of my winter clothes. The first touch of frost has come much too soon, and I fear that a good deal of the later harvest, like the beans, has been damaged badly. A few weeks ago, even days, everything was green and growing, and only the persimmon tree showed signs of autumn, and now all the fields look brown and shrivelled and all growth is stopped. However, the rice is all right, and they are harvesting it rapidly. A splendid crop, for which we are most thankful, for if it had been otherwise the condition of the people would have been very serious in view of the unsettled state of financial matters following on the reform of the currency undertaken by the Japanese. Now, however, we can look forward to a winter in which the country will have time to more or less recover itself. Naturally it must take time, and a good harvest will give the Japanese and Coreans a chance.
-	There is no lack of news this month. The difficulty is to know what I ought to tell you about especially. The first item in point of time is the visit of the fleet, bringing the Admiral, Sir Arthur Moore, on his first official visit to Corea, or rather
+	How terribly fast the months run away! It seems only the other day that I was writing to you, and then I was in the thinnest things I could wear, and now I am glad of my winter clothes. The first touch of frost has come much too soon, and I fear that a good deal of the later harvest, like the beans, has been damaged badly. A few weeks ago, even days, everything was green and growing, and only the persimmon tree showed signs of autumn, and now all the fields look brown and shrivelled and all growth is stopped. However, the rice is all right, and they are harvesting it rapidly. <span style="color:green">A splendid crop, for which we are most thankful, for if it had been otherwise the condition of the people would have been very serious in view of the unsettled state of financial matters following on the reform of the currency undertaken by the Japanese. Now, however, we can look forward to a winter in which the country will have time to more or less recover itself. Naturally it must take time, and a good harvest will give the Japanese and Coreans a chance.</span>
-−
-to Chemulpo and Seoul. I cannot give you all the details of the round of entertainments to which he and his officers were invited. They included an audience with the Emperor, dinner parties at Marquis Ito's and at our own Consulate-General, and one given by the Corean Ministers, and ended up with a luncheon on the flagship, on which Bishop Corfe had come out to China in the spring. It was all very interesting to me personally, for one had an opportunity not only of seeing something of the Admiral himself, but also of the Japanese and Corean officials in a friendly way, when one could talk over things which one has little chance of doing at ordinary times. After the lunch on the King Alfred the Admiral was kind enough to come ashore and inspect the hospital. Dr. Weir had been taking his holiday, and the hospital was in consequence not in full working order ; but he went all over it, and he could see from that and from Dr. Weir's report what sort of work is being done there, and he showed by his questions that he took a real interest in it all.
+	There is no lack of news this month. The difficulty is to know what I ought to tell you about especially. The first item in point of time is the visit of the fleet, bringing the Admiral, Sir Arthur Moore, on his first official visit to Corea, or rather to Chemulpo and Seoul. I cannot give you all the details of the round of entertainments to which he and his officers were invited. They included an audience with the Emperor, dinner parties at Marquis Ito's and at our own Consulate-General, and one given by the Corean Ministers, and ended up with a luncheon on the flagship, on which Bishop Corfe had come out to China in the spring. It was all very interesting to me personally, for one had an opportunity not only of seeing something of the Admiral himself, but also of the Japanese and Corean officials in a friendly way, when one could talk over things which one has little chance of doing at ordinary times. After the lunch on the King Alfred the Admiral was kind enough to come ashore and inspect the hospital. Dr. Weir had been taking his holiday, and the hospital was in consequence not in full working order ; but he went all over it, and he could see from that and from Dr. Weir's report what sort of work is being done there, and he showed by his questions that he took a real interest in it all.
 	It was a treat to us who were in Seoul to see something of our naval friends again. Since the acquisition of Wei-hai-Wei we have not seen nearly as much of them as we could wish or as we used to in the old days when a cruiser often lay in Chemulpo harbour for weeks together. We had two of our old friends to see us, Captains of the late Marine Guard, and one of them gave me the pleasure of staying with me, and the chaplain of the flagship was with us one night staying with Mr. Gurney in the little house Dr. Wiles and Bishop Corfe used to live in, but I was too busy to see as much as I should have liked of our visitors. However, they all seemed to enjoy their visit in spite of the fact that they must be very tired of the round of entertainments that they have been having in Japan. Now they have gone on to Peking, where they will see Bishop Corfe. We shall not soon forget their visit, and I hope that they will not entirely forget us.
 	Another caller I must not forget to mention. Bishop Corse told me that Mrs. Arthur, our Devonshire County Secretary, was on her way out, and I tried to stay in Seoul until she came, but owing to a wash-out on the Fusan line she was delayed, and I had to go off to Kangwha before she arrived. However, she saw Sister Nora and had a glimpse of Seoul before sailing for China. I was extremely sorry to miss her, and I hope that if any other of our friends from home are thinking of coming out they will give us good notice, so that we may be ready for them. It will be soon possible for any one who has a six weeks’ holiday to come out by the Siberian Railway and spend a fortnight with us. A month in the train and a fortnight here. Isn't it worth while?
 	Now I must say something of two events of great im-portance to us out here and therefore to you at home. First, we have had our first ordination in the Corean language. I delayed Mr. Wilson's ordination for three months that he might have a little more time for his Corean study, which has had to run concurrently with his work for the priesthood. I was quite satisfied with the papers that he did for me in both his Corean and other work, and with the reports I have received of his work generally, as well as with what I have seen of him myself, and I have great hopes that we shall have in him a most useful member of the Mission. There is no doubt that if a man comes out to such a country as this at once he has a better chance of getting hold of the language, whatever other disabilities he may suffer from in the lack of experience which he might gain by devoting the first year or two of his ministerial life to work at home. Another great advantage that Mr. Wilson has over those of us who came out ten years ago is that he attends daily the services in church, and so his ear gets more quickly attuned to the sounds of the Corean tongue, whereas then there were no services to attend, and we are also much more closely in touch with Corean life in many ways. Anyhow, I find that Mr. Wilson is able to take the ordinary services in church, and with the help of one of the old boys in the school to take a class of boys on Sunday afternoons, though of course as yet the actual teaching is done by Peter.
-	As to the actual ordination service, we began with English matins at six o'clock, and after that, as the service was to be in Corean, and though Mr. Wilson knew the meaning of it fairly well, yet it would not be the same to him as his own language, I read the address in English and asked him the questions at the same time. Then the bell was rung and the Corean con-gregation came in, and the rest was taken in Corean, Mr. Badcock having at my request prepared a version of the service and printed a few copies for present use. The service all went very smoothly, and the Coreans were able to follow it all and hear the answers, in which Mr. Wilson pledged himself to do the work of a priest in the Church of Christ. May God grant to him many years in which to prove by his life and conversation among them the reality of his faith and love for God and for them. As I have said before, we look for great things from him by the grace and favour of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ.
+	<span style="color:blue">Now I must say something of two events of great im-portance to us out here and therefore to you at home. First, we have had our first ordination in the Corean language. </span> <span style="color:blue">I delayed Mr. Wilson's ordination for three months that he might have a little more time for his Corean study, which has had to run concurrently with his work for the priesthood. I was quite satisfied with the papers that he did for me in both his Corean and other work, and with the reports I have received of his work generally, as well as with what I have seen of him myself, and I have great hopes that we shall have in him a most useful member of the Mission. There is no doubt that if a man comes out to such a country as this at once he has a better chance of getting hold of the language, whatever other disabilities he may suffer from in the lack of experience which he might gain by devoting the first year or two of his ministerial life to work at home. Another great advantage that Mr. Wilson has over those of us who came out ten years ago is that he attends daily the services in church, and so his ear gets more quickly attuned to the sounds of the Corean tongue, whereas then there were no services to attend, and we are also much more closely in touch with Corean life in many ways. Anyhow, I find that Mr. Wilson is able to take the ordinary services in church, and with the help of one of the old boys in the school to take a class of boys on Sunday afternoons, though of course as yet the actual teaching is done by Peter.</span>
 	I find that I have left myself little space to say anything of the other object for which I came to Kangwha. We had arranged at our conference in the spring that as our edition of the Prayer Book was sold out, it would be better to try and revise it before reprinting. The four of us who have been in the country longest set to work therefore to go through it as carefully as possible to see if we could do anything to improve and simplify it. As far as improvement goes we felt some qualms as to trying, for we all knew that Mr. Trollope was in many ways better qualified to know what was right or wrong than we were ; but at the same time we also knew that a good many things in his edition were only experimental, and experience had shown us, as it would have shown him, that certain changes were necessary, and especially perhaps in the way of simplifying some of the words and forms used which were difficult for our uneducated people to grasp the meaning of. So the Revs. J. S. Badcock, F. R. Hillary, G. A. Bridle and I set to work as soon as the ordination was over to try our hands at this extremely anxious and important task. We had three Corean assessors, but one thing we felt all through was that we wanted some Corean scholar better able to check what we were doing. I must not enter into details now, but will only say that we have finished a tentative new edition of the Holy Communion and Litany; but a good deal remains to be done to it yet. I must not close without saying how much we feel we are indebted to Mr. Badoock for the way he has carried out all the arrangements for us here.
 						I am, yours truly,
 							ARTHUR B. TURNER, Bishop.
-________________________________________
 ===Hospital Naval fund.===
 JULIUS WILES,

@@ 32번째 줄: / 32번째 줄: @@
 	In addition to Mr. Gurney, we shall have Mr. Cartwright in Seoul, but he will be on the other side of the city, and will be fully occupied with the Japanese work ; for he will not only have the people in Seoul to look after, but he will also have to do a good deal of travelling, until we can get an adequate staff to undertake the work which lies to our hand in the country generally, north and south and east. I hear he was expected in Fusan yesterday, and I hope he will be here in a day or two. We have been earnestly looking forward to his return, and hope to see him looking well after his visit home, where I hear he has made the acquaintance of some, at least, of you. Mr. Mock-ridge, who (you know) came over to take his work while he was in England (in hopes that he might be allowed by the doctors to stay and work here), has had to return to Japan, and they tell him he must not come back. This is a great disappoint-ment to him and to us all, and I know that you will all sympathise with him from your hearts, for there could be no one who was more keenly in earnest or more anxious to do what he saw lay ready to his hand in this country for the Master. We are letting some portion of the old Church property at Nak Tong, but are retaining enough for houses for Mr. Cartwright and for the catechist (whom we hope will come with him), and for two ladies who we hope may come out to help him next year, and the old chapel is put to its old use. Lans Deo!
-	I have said nothing of the Sisters yet. Sister Nora is, of course, still in Seoul as the headquarters of the work, and I am thankful to say that her labours do not seem to have at all injured her health this year. She has just come back from a
+	I have said nothing of the Sisters yet. Sister Nora is, of course, still in Seoul as the headquarters of the work, and I am thankful to say that her labours do not seem to have at all injured her health this year. She has just come back from a visit to Pyeng Yang, of which I hope she will give you an account when she has leisure, and of her glimpse of the great work being done there by the American Presbyterian and Episcopal Methodist Missions. Sister Isabel has had a heavy year with the work among the women in Seoul and in the neighbouring villages and in Sou-won. In this she has been handicapped seriously by the want of adequate assistance. <span style="color:yellow">It is harder to get women to teach even than men.</span> She will, I grieve to say, be off for her furlough next spring, and you will see her in England by Easter. I don't quite know how we shall get on without her, but one finds that with the need God opens the way and sends the worker to prevent the work from falling to the ground; <span style="color:pink">while I think it is good for the Coreans from time to time to be thrown on their own responsibility to learn to do things for themselves, They have got to do so some time, and the sooner they begin the better, though it may be that at first they will not make much of a success of it.</span> Sister Barbara is as usual superintending her small family of orphans, and from the looks of their faces when one goes to see them there is not one miserable one among them, while the presence of a few of the older girls makes it a more hopeful and interesting task.
 	We are looking forward to welcoming our two new Sisters soon after Christmas, when Sister Rosalie will again have the company of Sisters at Kangwha. Miss Jephson has been very good in staying so long with her in Sister Margaretta's absence. What we should have done if she had not been here I cannot think ; but she will be leaving us then, and we can only thank her most heartily for what she has done for us, and wish her God-speed in whatever work she has to do at home ; and we who know how willing she is to work at whatever she has to do, and how zealously she does it, are sure that she will always find work to be done wherever she may be. Sister Margaretta will take up her old labours in the city and the villages round, and with Mrs. Hillary at On-sou-tong, the women's work ought to be done more thoroughly and well than we have been ever able to do it before. Sister Cecil will be there as “learn pidgeon,” as the Chinese call a beginner, and with Mr. Badcock at the head and Mr. Wilson as assistant, Kangwha will indeed be well staffed. We have to face the sad fact that Mr. Badcock may have to leave us some time next year. It was only in consideration of the difficult place that the Mission was in at the time that he made up his mind to come out again after his furlough, and leave his old parents alone at home with no one to help and comfort them in their extreme old age; and now that they are two years older and cannot have many years to live, he feels more than ever that he ought to be with them till the end comes. This is a very serious matter for us, but the fact that he will stay till next year at any rate gives us time to prepare for his departure and to think how it will be possible to get on without him, and the longer he stays with us the more capable will Mr. Wilson be of taking on his shoulders whatever burden they will have to bear.

@@ 4번째 줄: / 4번째 줄: @@
 									September 17, 1906.
 MY DEAR FRIENDS,
 	My last letters were sent from Japan, and I hope that they reached the Editor in time for insertion in the October number of Morning Calm. If not, this letter will follow naturally on the last one I wrote. In that I was speaking of the work in Kanghwa Island, and I found so much to say that there was no room to speak of other places. Especially I wanted to say something of Sou Won. As a station for our Mission work it is (as you will remember) just a year old, for it is now a year ago that Mr. Bridle went down there from Chemulpo to take up what promised to be a very important work, and so far as he was able to take advantage of the openings in the neighbourhood. The town of Sou Won is an important one--not that it is a very large place, but it is the centre of a great deal of the legal procedure of the province of Kyeng Keui in which the capital, Seoul, is situated, and it is near some of the old imperial tombs of the present dynasty, and it is also the market town for a large district round. There is a station on the new Seoul-Fusan line which is about a mile away from the town itself, from which the Japanese have just made an excellent road which passes in front of our property, and has increased very considerably the value of it. This is convenient, but it has its drawbacks, for it brings a great many visitors and sight-seers who are not always welcome, especially when the services are being held. We hope, how-ever, to enclose it with a fence this year, which will minimise the nuisance.
-	There is a little work being done in the town by the Methodist Episcopal Church, and in a village not far away by the Roman Catholics; but there is room for all, as we are not very close to one another, and we have not as yet had any difficulty to speak of, though one or two members of the American congregation have come to us whom we could well do without, but it is hard to drive them away. Still, Mr. Bridle has not been without his difficulties, external and internal. External with the officials who were not anxious for us to begin work there, fearing that we should interfere with them in the administration of justice or injustice. It is very hard to keep quite clear of this, but we have made it plain to our people that we are not there for such purposes, and by degrees they are learning that they must not depend on us for help. The internal difficulties are also inseparable from new work in Corea. Men join us for many reasons, some of which are quite wrong ones, and when they find out their mistake, they either leave us (which we are sorry for), though it is the best thing they can do till they learn better, or else they make a dis-turbance in the church, which is often by no means easy to deal with. However, in spite of these difficulties the work has continued to grow, and I feel that we can congratulate Mr. Bridle on the way in which he has got through the first year, and may look forward to next year with great hopefulness.
+	My last letters were sent from Japan, and I hope that they reached the Editor in time for insertion in the October number of Morning Calm. If not, this letter will follow naturally on the last one I wrote. In that I was speaking of the work in Kanghwa Island, and I found so much to say that there was no room to speak of other places. Especially I wanted to say something of Sou Won. As a station for our Mission work it is (as you will remember) just a year old, for it is now a year ago that Mr. Bridle went down there from Chemulpo to take up what promised to be a very important work, and so far as he was able to take advantage of the openings in the neighbourhood.
 	In all our work, but especially in a new work such as this, we feel the need every day of better trained men among our Christians to help us. We must rely on them to do so much of the work, and there are so few who can be relied on either in the matter of knowledge or character. In Paul Kim Mr. Bridle has had a helper who has done better than we expected, but he still requires a great deal of teaching and superintend-dence. Then with inquirers coming in as they do from villages ten, twenty, thirty, forty miles away (whom it seems wrong to send away if we can do anything for them), what is one man with one Corean assistant to do? Mr. Bridle chose two men from his district, one of whom had been a catechumen for some time, and he has kept them by him, teaching them and sending them out to teach what they have learnt to the villages round, and especially to their own neighbourhood. Peter Kang and John Chun are both intelligent, and we hope steady; so far they have given no trouble, and we pray that they may be of real value to the Church and real evangelists to their own people as they learn more of the faith. In the preparation of these men Mr. Bridle's time is a good deal occupied, as well as in teaching those of the nearer inquirers and catechumens ; but his responsibility does not end there, for there are visits to be paid and questions to be settled in all these villages, of this up to the present he has not been able to do all that he would, but is looking forward to a good winter's work in which these visits will have their due place.
 	The villages in which work has begun are many of them accessible by train, which makes the work more easy to under-take, and as we get more trained men to help it will be possible (we hope) to do a really extensive work in the district, and I am especially glad that we have been able to commence evange-listic work on the mainland and to feel that we are no longer confined to the islands. If we are to take the position we ought among the Coreans and the other missionary bodies that are working out here we must try and strengthen this work as much as possible. There are other places where openings are being made for us near at hand of which I will say something in my next letter ; enough now to show that we are full of work and full of hope in spite of difficulties and occasional disappointments, and that we want all the help you can give us collectively and individually with your sympathy and prayers.
 						I am, yours sincerely,
 							ARTHUR B. TURNER, Bishop.
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 							CHONG DONG,