"창덕궁 비밀의 정원"의 두 판 사이의 차이

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Deep within the northern part of Changdeokgung Palace lies a serene garden where Joseon kings and crown princes once rested, studied, and composed poetry with their courtiers. The Rear Garden represents the finest example of a Korean royal garden that harmonizes with nature rather than reshaping it. Far more than a place of leisure, it was a symbolic space for contemplation and learning—an embodiment of the Confucian ideal of the virtuous ruler. Because it was hidden from the public eye, it was often called the Secret Garden (<i>Biwon</i>) or the Forbidden Garden (<i>Geumwon<i>), meaning a place that only the king could enter.
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Deep within the northern part of Changdeokgung Palace lies a serene garden where Joseon kings and crown princes once rested, studied, and composed poetry with their courtiers. The Rear Garden represents the finest example of a Korean royal garden that harmonizes with nature rather than reshaping it. Far more than a place of leisure, it was a symbolic space for contemplation and learning—an embodiment of the Confucian ideal of the virtuous ruler. Because it was hidden from the public eye, it was often called the Secret Garden (<i>Biwon</i>) or the Forbidden Garden (<i>Geumwon</i>), meaning a place that only the king could enter.
  
 
The garden’s origins date back to the early 15th century, shortly after the construction of Changdeokgung Palace. King Taejong (r. 1400-1418) designed the garden to preserve the natural topography and existing forest, and it was later expanded under King Sejo (r. 1455-1468). Although most of the area was destroyed during the Japanese invasions of 1592-1598, it was reconstructed in 1610 and subsequently enlarged and restored by later monarchs.
 
The garden’s origins date back to the early 15th century, shortly after the construction of Changdeokgung Palace. King Taejong (r. 1400-1418) designed the garden to preserve the natural topography and existing forest, and it was later expanded under King Sejo (r. 1455-1468). Although most of the area was destroyed during the Japanese invasions of 1592-1598, it was reconstructed in 1610 and subsequently enlarged and restored by later monarchs.

2025년 10월 13일 (월) 14:43 판

해설

Kor

창덕궁 북쪽 깊숙한 곳에는 조선의 왕과 세자가 휴식을 취하고 학문을 닦으며, 때로는 문신들과 시문을 나누던 정원이 있다. 창덕궁 후원은 인위적인 조경보다 자연 지형을 최대한 살린 조선식 원림의 정수로 꼽힌다. 이곳은 단순한 휴식처가 아니라 왕의 사색과 학문의 공간, 그리고 유교적 군주의 이상을 구현한 상징적 장소였다. 숨겨진 정원이라 하여 ‘비원(祕苑)’이라 불리거나, 임금의 허락 없이는 아무나 들어갈 수 없는 곳이라 하여 ‘금원(禁苑)’이라고도 불렸다.

후원의 조성은 창덕궁 창건 직후인 15세기 초로 거슬러 올라간다. 태종(재위 1400~1418)은 궁궐 뒤편의 산세와 숲을 그대로 살려 정원을 꾸몄으며, 이후 세조(재위 1455~1468) 때 지금의 규모로 확장되었다. 임진왜란 때 대부분의 건물이 소실되었다가 1610년에 다시 조성되었고, 이후 여러 왕이 개수와 증축을 거듭하며 지금의 모습을 이루었다.

후원은 부용지(芙蓉池), 애련지(愛蓮池), 관람지(觀纜池), 옥류천(玉流川) 등 네 개의 주요 구역으로 구성되어 있다.

부용지는 후원의 중심 공간이다. 약 1,000㎡ 크기의 사각형 연못 중앙에는 지름 9m의 원형 인공섬이 있다. 네모난 연못 안의 둥근 섬은 ‘천원지방(天圓地方)’이라는 동양의 세계관을 상징한다. ‘부용’은 연꽃을 뜻한다.

부용지 남쪽에는 1793년에 세운 부용정이 있으며, 열십(十)자 형태의 팔작지붕을 얹은 독특한 구조로 2012년 보물로 지정되었다. 이곳은 왕이 과거 급제자들을 불러 연회를 베풀던 장소였다. 북쪽에는 1776년에 지어진 2층 누각 주합루가 자리한다. 1층은 왕실 도서관으로 사용되었으며, 2012년 보물로 지정되었다. 동쪽의 영화당은 왕이 직접 참관하여 과거시험을 치르던 장소로, 영조가 쓴 현판이 걸려 있다.

애련지는 ‘연꽃을 사랑한다’는 뜻을 지닌 연못이다. 연꽃을 좋아하던 숙종이 1629년 이곳에 정자를 세우고 애련정이라 이름 붙였다고 전한다. 서쪽에는 1827년 효명세자가 순조의 존호를 올리는 의례를 위해 지은 연경당이 있으며, 조선 말기에는 외국 공사 접견과 연회 장소로 활용되었다. 연경당은 2012년 보물로 지정되었다.

관람지 일대에는 본래 크고 작은 다섯 개의 연못이 있었으나, 20세기 초 지금과 같은 형태로 정비되었다. 이곳에는 존덕정, 관람정, 폄우사, 승재정 등 다양한 정자가 있으며, 그중 1644년에 세워진 존덕정이 가장 오래되었다. 또한 관람지 일원에는 높이 12m에 이르는 뽕나무 한 그루가 있는데, 2006년 천연기념물로 지정되었다.

후원의 가장 북쪽에는 ‘옥처럼 맑은 물이 흐르는 시냇물’이라는 뜻의 옥류천이 있다. 1636년 인조가 조성한 이곳은 커다란 바위를 깎아 홈을 내고 물길을 끌어들여 작은 폭포를 만든 것으로, 바위에 새겨진 ‘옥류천(玉流川)’ 세 글자는 인조의 친필로 전한다. 주변에는 여러 정자가 있으며, 그중 청의정은 궁궐 내에 남아 있는 유일한 초가지붕 정자이다.

오늘날 후원은 유네스코 세계유산 ‘창덕궁’의 핵심 구성 요소로서, 조선 왕실 원림의 아름다움을 그대로 간직하고 있다. 현재 후원 관람은 사전 예약제로 운영되며, 공식 해설 안내를 동반한 탐방 형태로만 입장할 수 있다. 관람 코스는 후원 입구–부용지–애련지–관람지–연경당–향나무길 순으로 구성되며, 한국어·영어·중국어·일본어 해설이 제공된다. 매주 월요일은 휴관일이다.

Eng

Deep within the northern part of Changdeokgung Palace lies a serene garden where Joseon kings and crown princes once rested, studied, and composed poetry with their courtiers. The Rear Garden represents the finest example of a Korean royal garden that harmonizes with nature rather than reshaping it. Far more than a place of leisure, it was a symbolic space for contemplation and learning—an embodiment of the Confucian ideal of the virtuous ruler. Because it was hidden from the public eye, it was often called the Secret Garden (Biwon) or the Forbidden Garden (Geumwon), meaning a place that only the king could enter.

The garden’s origins date back to the early 15th century, shortly after the construction of Changdeokgung Palace. King Taejong (r. 1400-1418) designed the garden to preserve the natural topography and existing forest, and it was later expanded under King Sejo (r. 1455-1468). Although most of the area was destroyed during the Japanese invasions of 1592-1598, it was reconstructed in 1610 and subsequently enlarged and restored by later monarchs.

The Rear Garden of Changdeokgung Palace consists of four main sections: Buyongji Pond, Aeryeonji Pond, Gwallamji Pond, and Ongnyucheon Stream.

Buyongji, the centerpiece of the garden, is a rectangular pond about 1,000 square meters in size, with a circular artificial island nine meters in diameter at its center. The square pond and round island reflect the East Asian cosmological principle of “a round heaven and a square earth.”

To the south stands Buyongjeong Pavilion, built in 1793 with a cross-shaped hip-and-gable roof; it was designated Treasure in 2012. Kings hosted banquets here for successful state examination graduates. To the north stands Juhamnu Pavilion, a two-story building constructed in 1776. Its first floor served as the royal library, and it too was designated a Treasure in 2012. To the east stands Yeonghwadang Hall, where the king presided over state examinations; the hall’s name plaque was written by King Yeongjo himself.

Aeryeonji Pond, meaning “pond of loving the lotus,” was named by King Sukjong, who built the Aeryeonjeong Pavilion beside it in 1629. To the west stands Yeongyeongdang Hall, built in 1827 by Crown Prince Hyomyeong to honor King Sunjo’s reign title. In the late Joseon period, it was used to receive foreign envoys and host royal banquets. Yeongyeongdang was also designated a Treasure in 2012.

The Gwallamji Pond area originally featured five smaller ponds, later reshaped into its current form in the early 20th century. Several pavilions, including Jondeokjeong, Gwallamjeong, Pyeomusa, and Seungjaejeong, are located here; among them, Jondeokjeong, built in 1644, is the oldest. A large mulberry tree, standing 12 meters high, grows nearby—it is the largest of its kind within Changdeokgung Palace and was designated a Natural Monument in 2006.

At the northernmost end of the garden lies Ongnyucheon Stream, meaning “stream of jade-like clear water.” Created in 1636 under King Injo, it features a stone channel carved into the bedrock that guides the flowing water into a small waterfall. The inscription “Ongnyucheon (玉流川)” on the rock is said to be the handwriting of King Injo himself. Among the several pavilions surrounding the stream, Cheonguijeong Pavilion is unique as the only remaining thatched-roof pavilion within the royal palaces.

Today, the Rear Garden remains one of the most treasured parts of the UNESCO World Heritage Site Changdeokgung Palace Complex, preserving the serene beauty of the royal landscape. Visits to the garden are by reservation only and must be accompanied by official guided tours. The tour course includes the entrance, Buyongji Pond, Aeryeonji Pond, Gwallamji Pond, Yeongyeongdang Hall, and the Juniper Path, with guided explanations available in Korean, English, Chinese, and Japanese. The garden is closed every Monday.

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