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'''The Battle of Cheoinseong Fortress'''
 
'''The Battle of Cheoinseong Fortress'''
  
The Battle of Cheoinseong Fortress was a decisive Korean victory that took place in late 1232 amidst the Mongol Empire's second campaign to invade Korea. During the battle, the commander of the invading Mongol troops, General Saritai, was killed by a Korean civilian army defending Cheoinseong Fortress in today's Yongin, Gyeonggi-do Province. The general's death shocked the Mongol Empire, turned the course of the war in Korea's favor, and led to a temporary peace treaty and the withdrawal of troops. It is thus one of the most important Korean victories of the Mongol invasions (1231-1259).  
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The Battle of Cheoinseong Fortress was a decisive Korean victory that took place in late 1232 amidst the Mongol Empire's second campaign to invade Korea. During the battle, the commander of the Mongol troops, General Saritai, was killed by a civilian army defending Cheoinseong Fortress in today's Yongin, Gyeonggi-do Province. The general's death shocked the Mongol Empire, turned the course of the war in Korea's favor, and led to a temporary peace treaty and the withdrawal of troops. It is thus one of the most important Korean victories of the Mongol invasions (1231-1259).  
  
 
The Mongols first invaded Korea in mid-1231. After an initial peace treaty with the Mongols, the Korean general Choe U (1166-1249) decided in the summer of 1232 to relocate the capital from Gaeseong to Ganghwado Island and kill or exile the tens of Mongol officials who had been stationed across the country. This resulted in the Mongols invading again two months later. Over the course of several months, the Mongol troops headed southward and attacked key fortresses in the capital region, such as Hanyangseong (today's Seoul) and Gwangjuseong (today's Gwangju, Gyeonggi-do). At this point, General Saritai sent some of his troops to attack Ganghwado Island, while he headed southward with the rest of his troops. Along the way, Saritai decided to attack the relatively insignificant Cheoinseong Fortress.  
 
The Mongols first invaded Korea in mid-1231. After an initial peace treaty with the Mongols, the Korean general Choe U (1166-1249) decided in the summer of 1232 to relocate the capital from Gaeseong to Ganghwado Island and kill or exile the tens of Mongol officials who had been stationed across the country. This resulted in the Mongols invading again two months later. Over the course of several months, the Mongol troops headed southward and attacked key fortresses in the capital region, such as Hanyangseong (today's Seoul) and Gwangjuseong (today's Gwangju, Gyeonggi-do). At this point, General Saritai sent some of his troops to attack Ganghwado Island, while he headed southward with the rest of his troops. Along the way, Saritai decided to attack the relatively insignificant Cheoinseong Fortress.  

2021년 1월 25일 (월) 11:05 판


처인성
대표명칭 처인성
한자 處仁城
주소 경기도 용인시 처인구 남사면 아곡리 산43번지
지정번호 경기도 기념물 제44호
지정일 1977년 10월 13일
분류 유적건조물/정치국방/성/성곽
시대 고려시대
수량/면적 일원
웹사이트 처인성, 국가문화유산포털, 문화재청.



해설문

국문

고려 역사상 가장 빛나는 승첩지

고려 고종 19년(1232) 12월 고려군과 몽골군이 경기도 용인 처인성에서 벌인 전투.

이 해 1월 제1차 고려·몽골 전쟁의 강화교섭이 성립되어 몽골군이 후퇴한 이후 몽골은 고려에 계속 무리한 요구를 하였다. 그러나 당시 고려의 최고집권자였던 최우는 강화도에 천도하여 몽골의 침략에 끝까지 항전한다는 방침을 세우고 6월 17일 강화천도를 단행하고 고려에 파견되었던 몽골의 다루가치 및 군인들을 살해하거나 국경 밖으로 축출하였다.

이에 몽골은 그해 8월 다시 살리타를 총사령관으로 하여 고려 침공을 재개하였다. 10월 안북성에 군사를 주둔시킨 살리타는 병력을 4개 부대로 나누고 자신은 제4군을 이끌고 개경을 지나 임진강을 건너 한양성을 함락시키고 11월 중순에는 광주성을 공격하였으나 실패하자, 그 주력을 용인으로 전진시켰다. 살리타는 제4군의 주력을 강화도 맞은 편 통진으로 진출시켜 강화도를 압박하는 한편, 자신은 일부 병력을 거느리고 처인성으로 남진하였다. 처인성은 당시 수주(水州:수원)에 속한 곳으로서 양인보다 천대받던 신분의 사람들이 살고 있었다. 둘레 약 400m의 작은 토성으로 이때 처인성에서는 용인을 비롯한 인근 각 고을에서 피난온 군민과 승장 김윤후를 비롯한 승병들이 방어에 임하고 있었다.

12월 16일 몽골군은 살리타의 지휘하에 처인성을 공격하였으나, 처인성 동문 밖 언덕에 매복하여 있던 고려군은 몽골군을 기습하여 살리타를 사살하는 전과를 올렸다. 고려군은 이때를 틈타 공격을 가하여 지휘관을 잃어 전열이 걷잡을 수 없이 와해된 몽골군을 대파하였다.

처인성전투는 몽골과의 전쟁이 발발한 이래 고려군이 거둔 최대의 승리였다. 전쟁 발발 이래 시종일관 패세를 면치 못했던 고려는 이 전투의 승리를 계기로 전세를 일거에 역전시킬 수 있었다.

영문

영문 해설 내용

The Battle of Cheoinseong Fortress

The Battle of Cheoinseong Fortress was a decisive Korean victory that took place in late 1232 amidst the Mongol Empire's second campaign to invade Korea. During the battle, the commander of the Mongol troops, General Saritai, was killed by a civilian army defending Cheoinseong Fortress in today's Yongin, Gyeonggi-do Province. The general's death shocked the Mongol Empire, turned the course of the war in Korea's favor, and led to a temporary peace treaty and the withdrawal of troops. It is thus one of the most important Korean victories of the Mongol invasions (1231-1259).

The Mongols first invaded Korea in mid-1231. After an initial peace treaty with the Mongols, the Korean general Choe U (1166-1249) decided in the summer of 1232 to relocate the capital from Gaeseong to Ganghwado Island and kill or exile the tens of Mongol officials who had been stationed across the country. This resulted in the Mongols invading again two months later. Over the course of several months, the Mongol troops headed southward and attacked key fortresses in the capital region, such as Hanyangseong (today's Seoul) and Gwangjuseong (today's Gwangju, Gyeonggi-do). At this point, General Saritai sent some of his troops to attack Ganghwado Island, while he headed southward with the rest of his troops. Along the way, Saritai decided to attack the relatively insignificant Cheoinseong Fortress.

Cheoinseong was a small earthen fortification measuring 425 m in circumference. Inside the fortress lived people of the lowest class who were segregated from society. Due to the Mongol invasions, around 1,000 refugees and 100 Buddhist monks from the nearby area had also sought refuge here at the time of the battle. Inside the fortress, there was also a storehouse for provisions.

Led by a monk named Kim In-hu, the people of the fortress strategically positioned themselves on a hill outside the fortress's east gate to ambush the Mongol troops as they came to attack on the 16th day of the 12th lunar month in 1232. It was during this ambush that General Saritai was shot by an arrow and killed. Kim In-hu was later offered a high post in recognition of his contributions but declined the post, and the local area was elevated in its status from a district for outcasts to a prefecture.

  • 음력 1232년 12월 16일이면 양력 1333년 1월 27일에 해당되는 것 같네요. 어떡하죠....? ㅠㅠ
  • 1차 내용 너무 기네요~ 어떻게 줄일까요?
  • 다른 자료에 의하면 창고가 있었는데 이 부분의 사실여부 확인 부탁드려요. 빼도 되길 할텐데, 왜 이 사람들이 싸울 수 있는지 (활 등이 있었다는 내용) 설명하기 위해 넣었어요.
  • 일부러 첫문장에 핵심 의의를 설명했는데 괜찮을지요? 요악 및 의의 -> 배경 -> 처인성에 대한 설명 -> 전투 및 추후의 일