E2024-G086

The Role of Catholic Leaders in the May 18 Democratic Uprising

Narrative

In the heart of May 1980, Gwangju, South Korea, a fervent cry for democracy echoed through its streets. The May 18 Democratic Uprising was a defining moment, where the city's citizens courageously rose against the oppressive military regime led by Chun Doo-hwan. Central to this tumultuous period were the Catholic leaders, who stood as beacons of hope and resilience. The uprising's epicenter was the historic Geumnam-ro, where demonstrators clashed with the martial law enforcers. Within this chaos, the Gwangju Catholic Center became a sanctuary of solidarity and strategic planning. The Catholic Church, through its Gwangju Archdiocese, mobilized its resources and people to support the cause. Figures like Bishop Yun Gong-hui, who served the diocese diligently for 37 years, and Father Jo Bi-o, a member of the 5.18 Citizens' Committee, played pivotal roles in mediating peace and providing moral support. The Gwangju Bukdong Catholic Church, affiliated with the Archdiocese, faced direct aggression when the military invaded its sacred grounds. Father Jeong Gyu-wan, a victim of this incursion, symbolized the clergy's suffering and steadfastness. Meanwhile, the Catholic Justice and Peace Committee published "If That May Day Comes Again," preserving the uprising's legacy and ensuring the world heard Gwangju's call for freedom. The Catholic leaders' involvement transcended mere support; they were integrally related to the uprising's events, such as the Citizens' Committee and the Gwangju Bukdong Church incident. They were not mere observers but active participants, embodying the uprising's spirit. Through their unwavering faith and commitment, they helped illuminate the path toward democracy, leaving an indelible mark on history.