"NJ2018 Cultivating Barley and Wheat"의 두 판 사이의 차이
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| 41번째 줄: | 41번째 줄: | ||
'''Barren fields''' should be sown during '''White Dew''', '''acceptable fields''' should be sown during '''Autumn Equinox''', and '''fertile fields''' should be sown '''ten days after Autumn Equinox'''. (Sowing) too early is also bad. {{Original Commentary|There is an old saying: If sown early, then insects eat the plant while it grows joints.}} | '''Barren fields''' should be sown during '''White Dew''', '''acceptable fields''' should be sown during '''Autumn Equinox''', and '''fertile fields''' should be sown '''ten days after Autumn Equinox'''. (Sowing) too early is also bad. {{Original Commentary|There is an old saying: If sown early, then insects eat the plant while it grows joints.}} | ||
| − | First, within the fifth and sixth (lunar) months, plow the fields and expose them under the sun. Using a ''''' | + | First, within the fifth and sixth (lunar) months, plow the fields and expose them under the sun. Using a '''''mokjak''''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''soheulla''}} harrow them evenly. When it is time to sow, plow the fields again. After sowing is complete, use a '''''cheolchipa''''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''susueum''}} or a '''''mokjakpae''''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is soheullabae}} to deeply cover the seeds. {{Original Commentary|If sown early, then the roots grow deep and withstand cold, and if sown late, then the yield is small.}} |
In the third month of the following year, hoe the fields once. For fields where barley/wheat had been planted, refer to the previously mentioned method. | In the third month of the following year, hoe the fields once. For fields where barley/wheat had been planted, refer to the previously mentioned method. | ||
2018년 6월 16일 (토) 06:38 판
| Nongsa jikseol | |
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| Table of Contents | |
Contributor: Jeeeun Kwon (Original Text and Korean Translation Editing)
Contributor: Lyndsey Twining (English Translation Editing)
목차
Original Script
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| 種大小麥 【附春麰】: 大小麥, 新舊間接食, 農家㝡急。 |
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Korean Translation
대맥․소맥 재배법 춘모(春麰)를 덧붙임.
대맥, 소맥은 햇곡식과 작년 곡식 사이의 곡물이므로 농가에서는 가장 긴요한 것이다. 척박한 밭에서는 백로절에, 중간 정도의 밭에서는 추분 때에, 좋은 밭에서는 [추분] 후 10일에 파종할 수 있다. 또한 [파종을] 너무 빨리 하는 것은 안 된다. 옛말에 이르기를, ‘빨리 파종하면 벌레가 먹으면서, [대맥, 소맥에] 마디가 생긴다’라고 하였다.
먼저 5~6월 사이에 [밭을] 갈고 햇볕에 말린 다음, 목작 향명 소흘라
으로 평평하게 다듬고, 씨를 뿌릴 때 다시 갈아준다. 씨 뿌리기가 끝나면 철치파 향명 수수음
또는 목작배 향명 소흘라배
로 씨를 덮는데 두텁게 덮어야 한다. 빨리 심으면 뿌리가 깊어지고 추위에 강해지며, 늦게 심으면 이삭이 작아진다.
이듬해 3월 중에 한번 김을 매는데, 맥근전도 위의 방법대로 한다. 메기장, 콩, 조, 목맥근전에서는 미리 곡식을 수확하기 전에, 긴 손잡이의 큰 낫으로 풀을 누레지기 전에 베어 밭두둑에 쌓아둔다. 곡식을 다 수확하면 그 풀을 밭에 두텁게 깔고 불태운 후 종자를 뿌리고, 재가 흩어지기 전에 간다. 척박한 밭에서는 풀을 두 배로 더 까는데, 만약 풀을 베지 못했다면 거름을 사용하며, 또한 대두, 소두의 재배법과 동일하다. 간혹 그 밭에서 먼저 녹두나 호마를 파종하고, 5~6월 중에는 엄경 하기 위해서 풀이 무성해지기를 기다린다. 그리고 나중에 씨를 뿌릴 때 다시 갈고 파종하는 것은 앞의 방법과 동일하다.
○ 봄, 여름 사이에 수양버들 가지를 잘라 소, 말을 키우는 외양간에 펼쳐둔다. 5~6일마다 꺼내어 쌓아서 거름을 만드는데, 특히 보리에 좋다.
○ 대맥, 소맥은 익는대로 베어내서 곧장 마당으로 옮기고, 거적으로 덮어서 비를 막는다. 만약 마당으로 옮기지 못했을 때는 밭두둑의 높은 곳으로 옮겨 덮어두어야 하며, 밤에 [마당으로] 옮겨온다. 맑은 날을 기다려 대맥, 소맥을 마당에 얇게 펼친 후 두텁게 펼치면 건조가 어렵다 , 건조 되는대로 타작[輾]한다 전(輾)은 향명으로는 타작이다. 농가의 바쁜 일 가운데 대맥, 소맥 농사보다 급한 게 없다. 옛말에 이르기를 ‘대맥, 소맥을 다루는 것은 불을 끄는 것과 같다’라고 하였으니, 조금만 지체해도 끝내 재앙이 된다.
○ 춘모는 2월 중에 햇볕이 따뜻한 날에 심을 수 있으니, 2월이 지나면 그만둔다. 파종법, 김매는 법, 수확법은 가을보리와 동일하다.
English Translation
Cultivating Barley and Wheat Including Spring Barley
As barley and wheat are planted between (this and the next year's) harvests, they are the most critical for farms.
Barren fields should be sown during White Dew, acceptable fields should be sown during Autumn Equinox, and fertile fields should be sown ten days after Autumn Equinox. (Sowing) too early is also bad. There is an old saying: If sown early, then insects eat the plant while it grows joints.
First, within the fifth and sixth (lunar) months, plow the fields and expose them under the sun. Using a mokjak Its common name is soheulla harrow them evenly. When it is time to sow, plow the fields again. After sowing is complete, use a cheolchipa Its common name is susueum or a mokjakpae Its common name is soheullabae to deeply cover the seeds. If sown early, then the roots grow deep and withstand cold, and if sown late, then the yield is small.
In the third month of the following year, hoe the fields once. For fields where barley/wheat had been planted, refer to the previously mentioned method.
For fields where proso millet, beans, foxtail millet, and buckwheat had been planted, before the plant is harvested, use a large scythe with a long handle to cut the weeds before they turn yellow and stack them along the banks between the fields. After harvesting the grain, spread the weeds abundantly on top of the fields, burn them, then scatter the seeds, and plow the fields before the ashes disperse. For barren fields, spread twice the amount of weeds, and if the weeds could not be cut, use manure, or also, the method used for soybeans and red beans.
Alternatively, first sow mung beans or sesame. Then within the fifth or sixth month, wait until the plants are abundant for cutting and plowing.
Later, when sowing the seeds, plow and sow once more following the same methods as the ones previously mentioned.
○ Between spring and summer, trim willow branches and spread them in the stable where the cows and horses are kept. Take them out every five or six days, stacking them to make manure. This is especially good for barley.
○ Cut barley and wheat as they ripen. Immediately move them to ayard[EN 1] and cover them with a straw mat to protect it from the rain. If they can not (immediately) be moved to a yard, they must (at least) be moved them to a high part of the field banks[EN 2] and covered, then moved (to the yard) at night.
On a clear day, spread the barley and wheat thinly across the yard If spread thickly, they will not dry well and thresh them as they dry. The common name (for threshing) is tajak.
There is nothing that busies a farmer more than barley and wheat. An old saying says: Gathering barley and wheat is like putting out a fire, if you slow down even a little, it results in disaster.
○ For spring barley: Plowing can be done when the days become warmer in the second month and should be completed by the end of the second month. Sowing, hoeing, and harvesting methods are the same as that of autumn barley.
- ↑ This refers to a madang that one would find inside or in front of a traditional Korean house.
- ↑ This is referring to the high banks separating the fields from one another
Glossary
Footnote
Further Reading
- Joseph Needham and Francesca Bray, Science and Civilisation in China: Volume 6, Biology and Biological Technology, Part 2, Agriculture (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984), pp. 459-477.
