"NJ2018 Glossary - Land Types"의 두 판 사이의 차이
classics
(→If the fields are abundant) |
|||
| (사용자 2명의 중간 판 17개는 보이지 않습니다) | |||
| 9번째 줄: | 9번째 줄: | ||
|Hanja=中田 | |Hanja=中田 | ||
|Hangeul=중간 정도의 밭 | |Hangeul=중간 정도의 밭 | ||
| − | |RR= | + | |RR=jungjeon |
| − | |MR= | + | |MR=chungjŏn |
|Pinyin= | |Pinyin= | ||
|If Common Name= | |If Common Name= | ||
| 20번째 줄: | 20번째 줄: | ||
|Alternate terms= | |Alternate terms= | ||
}} | }} | ||
| + | |||
===Barren fields=== | ===Barren fields=== | ||
{{Term info | {{Term info | ||
|Hanja=薄田 | |Hanja=薄田 | ||
|Hangeul=척박한 밭, 박전 | |Hangeul=척박한 밭, 박전 | ||
| − | |RR= | + | |RR=bakjeon |
| − | |MR= | + | |MR=pakchŏn |
| − | |Pinyin= | + | |Pinyin=bótián |
|If Common Name= | |If Common Name= | ||
|Common Name Hanja= | |Common Name Hanja= | ||
| 35번째 줄: | 36번째 줄: | ||
|Alternate terms=poor fields | |Alternate terms=poor fields | ||
}} | }} | ||
| − | |||
| − | On reclaiming barren lands, see [http://www.onthecommons.org/magazine/commoner/reclaiming-barren-lands-promoting-sustainable-agriculture-indigenous-knowledge#sthash.82eYgQwj.dpbs Reclaiming barren lands, promoting sustainable agriculture with indigenous knowledge.] | + | '''Multimedia''' |
| + | |||
| + | [[File:Barrenfields.jpg|center|thumb|Barren fields in Suffolk, Great Britain]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | '''Further Reading''' | ||
| + | * On reclaiming barren lands, see [http://www.onthecommons.org/magazine/commoner/reclaiming-barren-lands-promoting-sustainable-agriculture-indigenous-knowledge#sthash.82eYgQwj.dpbs Reclaiming barren lands, promoting sustainable agriculture with indigenous knowledge.] | ||
===Best fields=== | ===Best fields=== | ||
| 54번째 줄: | 59번째 줄: | ||
|Alternate terms= | |Alternate terms= | ||
}} | }} | ||
| + | |||
===Dry fields=== | ===Dry fields=== | ||
{{Term info | {{Term info | ||
|Hanja=旱田 | |Hanja=旱田 | ||
|Hangeul=한전 | |Hangeul=한전 | ||
| − | |RR= | + | |RR=hanjeon |
| − | |MR= | + | |MR=hanjŏn |
| − | |Pinyin= | + | |Pinyin= |
|If Common Name= | |If Common Name= | ||
|Common Name Hanja= | |Common Name Hanja= | ||
| 70번째 줄: | 76번째 줄: | ||
}} | }} | ||
| − | ''' | + | '''Multimedia''' |
| + | [[File:Jejubatdam.jpg|center|thumb|Jeju stone agricultural walls for dry-field farming.]] | ||
| − | On Dry-field farming and Batdam in Jeju, South Korea, see [http://www.fao.org/giahs/giahsaroundtheworld/designated-sites/asia-and-the-pacific/jeju-batdam-agricultural-system/detailed-information/en/ Jeju Batdam Agricultural system.] | + | '''Further Reading''' |
| + | * On Dry-field farming and Batdam in Jeju, South Korea, see [http://www.fao.org/giahs/giahsaroundtheworld/designated-sites/asia-and-the-pacific/jeju-batdam-agricultural-system/detailed-information/en/ Jeju Batdam Agricultural system.] | ||
===Fertile fields=== | ===Fertile fields=== | ||
| 78번째 줄: | 86번째 줄: | ||
|Hanja=美田, 熟田 | |Hanja=美田, 熟田 | ||
|Hangeul=좋은 밭 | |Hangeul=좋은 밭 | ||
| − | |RR= | + | |RR=mijeon, sukjeon |
| − | |MR= | + | |MR=mijŏn, sukchŏn |
|Pinyin= | |Pinyin= | ||
|If Common Name= | |If Common Name= | ||
| 89번째 줄: | 97번째 줄: | ||
|Alternate terms= | |Alternate terms= | ||
}} | }} | ||
| + | |||
===Field Banks=== | ===Field Banks=== | ||
{{Term info | {{Term info | ||
|Hanja=畔, 田畔 | |Hanja=畔, 田畔 | ||
|Hangeul=밭두둑 | |Hangeul=밭두둑 | ||
| − | |RR= | + | |RR=batduduk |
| − | |MR= | + | |MR=pattuduk |
| − | |Pinyin= | + | |Pinyin=pàn |
|If Common Name= | |If Common Name= | ||
|Common Name Hanja= | |Common Name Hanja= | ||
| 104번째 줄: | 113번째 줄: | ||
|Alternate terms= | |Alternate terms= | ||
}} | }} | ||
| + | |||
===Fields mixed with half fine sand and half black dirt=== | ===Fields mixed with half fine sand and half black dirt=== | ||
{{Term info | {{Term info | ||
| 119번째 줄: | 129번째 줄: | ||
|Alternate terms= | |Alternate terms= | ||
}} | }} | ||
| + | |||
===Fields where barley had been grown=== | ===Fields where barley had been grown=== | ||
{{Term info | {{Term info | ||
|Hanja=麥根田 | |Hanja=麥根田 | ||
| − | |Hangeul= | + | |Hangeul=맥근전 |
| − | |RR= | + | |RR=maekgeunjeon |
| − | |MR= | + | |MR=maekkŭnjŏn |
|Pinyin= | |Pinyin= | ||
|If Common Name= | |If Common Name= | ||
| 132번째 줄: | 143번째 줄: | ||
|Common Name MR= | |Common Name MR= | ||
|If Alternate=yes | |If Alternate=yes | ||
| − | |Alternate terms= | + | |Alternate terms=fields where barley has been grown (and the roots remain) |
| − | fields where barley has been grown (and the roots remain) | ||
}} | }} | ||
| + | |||
===Good fields=== | ===Good fields=== | ||
{{Term info | {{Term info | ||
|Hanja=良田 | |Hanja=良田 | ||
|Hangeul=좋은 밭 | |Hangeul=좋은 밭 | ||
| − | |RR= | + | |RR=yangjeon |
| − | |MR= | + | |MR=yangjŏn |
| − | |Pinyin= | + | |Pinyin=liángtián |
|If Common Name= | |If Common Name= | ||
|Common Name Hanja= | |Common Name Hanja= | ||
| 150번째 줄: | 161번째 줄: | ||
|Alternate terms= | |Alternate terms= | ||
}} | }} | ||
| + | |||
===If the fields are abundant=== | ===If the fields are abundant=== | ||
{{Term info | {{Term info | ||
|Hanja=田多 | |Hanja=田多 | ||
|Hangeul=밭이 많이 확보되면 | |Hangeul=밭이 많이 확보되면 | ||
| − | |RR= | + | |RR=jeonda |
| − | |MR= | + | |MR=jŏnda |
|Pinyin= | |Pinyin= | ||
|If Common Name= | |If Common Name= | ||
| 165번째 줄: | 177번째 줄: | ||
|Alternate terms= | |Alternate terms= | ||
}} | }} | ||
| + | |||
===Old and well-used fields=== | ===Old and well-used fields=== | ||
{{Term info | {{Term info | ||
|Hanja=久陣田 | |Hanja=久陣田 | ||
|Hangeul=오래 묵은 밭 | |Hangeul=오래 묵은 밭 | ||
| − | |RR= | + | |RR=gujinjeon |
| − | |MR= | + | |MR=kujinjŏn |
|Pinyin= | |Pinyin= | ||
|If Common Name= | |If Common Name= | ||
| 180번째 줄: | 193번째 줄: | ||
|Alternate terms= | |Alternate terms= | ||
}} | }} | ||
| + | |||
===Paddy fields=== | ===Paddy fields=== | ||
{{Term info | {{Term info | ||
|Hanja=水田 | |Hanja=水田 | ||
|Hangeul=논, 물이 있는 논, 수전, 무릇 논 | |Hangeul=논, 물이 있는 논, 수전, 무릇 논 | ||
| − | |RR= | + | |RR=sujeon |
| − | |MR= | + | |MR=sujŏn |
| − | |Pinyin= | + | |Pinyin=shuǐtián |
|If Common Name= | |If Common Name= | ||
|Common Name Hanja= | |Common Name Hanja= | ||
| 195번째 줄: | 209번째 줄: | ||
|Alternate terms=Paddies, wet fields, terraced paddy fields | |Alternate terms=Paddies, wet fields, terraced paddy fields | ||
}} | }} | ||
| + | |||
'''Definition''' | '''Definition''' | ||
| − | A [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paddy_field paddy field] is a flooded parcel of arable land used for growing semiaquatic rice. Paddy cultivation should not be confused with cultivation of deepwater rice, which is grown in flooded conditions with water more than 50 cm (20 in) deep for at least a month. Genetic evidence shows that all forms of paddy rice, both indica and japonica, spring from a domestication of the wild rice Oryza rufipogon that first occurred 8,200–13,500 years ago South of the Yangtze River in present-day China. However, the domesticated indica subspecies currently appears to be a product of the introgression of favorable alleles from japonica at a later date, so that there are possibly several events of cultivation and domestication. Paddy fields are the typical feature of rice farming in east, south and southeast Asia. Fields can be built into steep hillsides as terraces and adjacent to depressed or steeply sloped features such as rivers or marshes. They can require a great deal of labor and materials to create, and need large quantities of water for irrigation. Oxen and water buffalo, adapted for life in wetlands, are important working animals used extensively in paddy field farming.<ref | + | A [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paddy_field paddy field] is a flooded parcel of arable land used for growing semiaquatic rice. Paddy cultivation should not be confused with cultivation of deepwater rice, which is grown in flooded conditions with water more than 50 cm (20 in) deep for at least a month. Genetic evidence shows that all forms of paddy rice, both indica and japonica, spring from a domestication of the wild rice Oryza rufipogon that first occurred 8,200–13,500 years ago South of the Yangtze River in present-day China. However, the domesticated indica subspecies currently appears to be a product of the introgression of favorable alleles from japonica at a later date, so that there are possibly several events of cultivation and domestication. Paddy fields are the typical feature of rice farming in east, south and southeast Asia. Fields can be built into steep hillsides as terraces and adjacent to depressed or steeply sloped features such as rivers or marshes. They can require a great deal of labor and materials to create, and need large quantities of water for irrigation. Oxen and water buffalo, adapted for life in wetlands, are important working animals used extensively in paddy field farming.<ref>"[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paddy_field Paddy field]", Wikipedia.</ref> |
| + | |||
| + | '''Multimedia''' | ||
| + | |||
| + | <gallery mode=packed> | ||
| + | File:Paddy_fields_china_daily.jpg|thumb|Paddy fields in China. China Daily. | ||
| + | File:Canal_and_Paddy_Fields.jpg|thumb|©Vespertunes / Wikimedia Commons / "Canal and Paddy Fields" / CC-BY-SA-4.0 | ||
| + | File:Paddy_fields_in_Yuanyang,_China's_Yunnan.jpg|thumb|Terraced paddy fields in Yuanyang, Yunnan, China. China Daily. | ||
| + | </gallery> | ||
===Second best fields=== | ===Second best fields=== | ||
| 214번째 줄: | 237번째 줄: | ||
|Alternate terms= | |Alternate terms= | ||
}} | }} | ||
| + | |||
===Small fields=== | ===Small fields=== | ||
{{Term info | {{Term info | ||
| 229번째 줄: | 253번째 줄: | ||
|Alternate terms= | |Alternate terms= | ||
}} | }} | ||
| + | |||
===The most fertile wet fields with an accessible source of water=== | ===The most fertile wet fields with an accessible source of water=== | ||
{{Term info | {{Term info | ||
| 244번째 줄: | 269번째 줄: | ||
|Alternate terms= | |Alternate terms= | ||
}} | }} | ||
| + | |||
===Wastelands=== | ===Wastelands=== | ||
{{Term info | {{Term info | ||
|Hanja=荒地 | |Hanja=荒地 | ||
|Hangeul=황무지, 황지 | |Hangeul=황무지, 황지 | ||
| − | |RR= | + | |RR=hwangji |
| − | |MR= | + | |MR=hwangji |
| − | |Pinyin= | + | |Pinyin=huāngdì |
|If Common Name= | |If Common Name= | ||
|Common Name Hanja= | |Common Name Hanja= | ||
| 266번째 줄: | 292번째 줄: | ||
|RR= | |RR= | ||
|MR= | |MR= | ||
| − | |Pinyin= | + | |Pinyin=xià |
|If Common Name= | |If Common Name= | ||
|Common Name Hanja= | |Common Name Hanja= | ||
| 275번째 줄: | 301번째 줄: | ||
|Alternate terms= | |Alternate terms= | ||
}} | }} | ||
| − | |||
| − | |||
=='''Terms related to soil'''== | =='''Terms related to soil'''== | ||
| 282번째 줄: | 306번째 줄: | ||
{{Term info | {{Term info | ||
|Hanja=過熟 | |Hanja=過熟 | ||
| − | |Hangeul=지나치게 | + | |Hangeul=지나치게 (땅을) 부드럽게 해서 |
|RR= | |RR= | ||
|MR= | |MR= | ||
| 295번째 줄: | 319번째 줄: | ||
}} | }} | ||
| − | '''Further | + | '''Further Reading''' |
| − | + | * See [https://www.rain.org/global-garden/soil-types-and-testing.htm Soil types and testing.] | |
| − | See [https://www.rain.org/global-garden/soil-types-and-testing.htm Soil types and testing.] | ||
===(spring) Thaw=== | ===(spring) Thaw=== | ||
| 303번째 줄: | 326번째 줄: | ||
|Hanja=寒氣, 氷解 | |Hanja=寒氣, 氷解 | ||
|Hangeul=토양의 찬 기운(한기), 얼음이 녹자마자 | |Hangeul=토양의 찬 기운(한기), 얼음이 녹자마자 | ||
| − | |RR= | + | |RR=hangi |
| − | |MR= | + | |MR=han'gi |
| − | |Pinyin= | + | |Pinyin=hánqì |
|If Common Name= | |If Common Name= | ||
|Common Name Hanja= | |Common Name Hanja= | ||
| 314번째 줄: | 337번째 줄: | ||
|Alternate terms= | |Alternate terms= | ||
}} | }} | ||
| − | |||
| − | For more on Spring thaw and Agriculture, see [http://www.foodnutritionscience.com/articles/spring-thaw-freeze-effects/ Spring Thaw/Freeze Effects] | + | '''Further Reading''' |
| + | * For more on Spring thaw and Agriculture, see [http://www.foodnutritionscience.com/articles/spring-thaw-freeze-effects/ Spring Thaw/Freeze Effects] | ||
| + | |||
===(the soil becomes) Infertile=== | ===(the soil becomes) Infertile=== | ||
{{Term info | {{Term info | ||
|Hanja=無澤 | |Hanja=無澤 | ||
| − | |Hangeul= | + | |Hangeul=(땅이) 윤택해지지 않는다 |
|RR= | |RR= | ||
|MR= | |MR= | ||
| 332번째 줄: | 356번째 줄: | ||
|Alternate terms= | |Alternate terms= | ||
}} | }} | ||
| + | |||
===Dirt clods=== | ===Dirt clods=== | ||
{{Term info | {{Term info | ||
|Hanja=塊 | |Hanja=塊 | ||
|Hangeul=흙덩이 | |Hangeul=흙덩이 | ||
| − | |RR= | + | |RR=heukdeongi |
| − | |MR= | + | |MR=hŭktŏngi |
| − | |Pinyin= | + | |Pinyin=kuài |
|If Common Name= | |If Common Name= | ||
|Common Name Hanja= | |Common Name Hanja= | ||
| 347번째 줄: | 372번째 줄: | ||
|Alternate terms=clods of soil | |Alternate terms=clods of soil | ||
}} | }} | ||
| + | |||
===If the soil is barren=== | ===If the soil is barren=== | ||
{{Term info | {{Term info | ||
| 362번째 줄: | 388번째 줄: | ||
|Alternate terms= | |Alternate terms= | ||
}} | }} | ||
| + | |||
===If the soil is muddy or crumbly=== | ===If the soil is muddy or crumbly=== | ||
{{Term info | {{Term info | ||
| 377번째 줄: | 404번째 줄: | ||
|Alternate terms= | |Alternate terms= | ||
}} | }} | ||
| − | |||
| − | See [https://www.rain.org/global-garden/soil-types-and-testing.htm Soil types and testing.] | + | '''Further Reading''' |
| + | * See [https://www.rain.org/global-garden/soil-types-and-testing.htm Soil types and testing.] | ||
===Make the soil loose and level, making it extremely soft=== | ===Make the soil loose and level, making it extremely soft=== | ||
| 396번째 줄: | 423번째 줄: | ||
|Alternate terms= | |Alternate terms= | ||
}} | }} | ||
| + | |||
===Make the soil soft and fertile=== | ===Make the soil soft and fertile=== | ||
{{Term info | {{Term info | ||
| 411번째 줄: | 439번째 줄: | ||
|Alternate terms= | |Alternate terms= | ||
}} | }} | ||
| + | |||
===New soil or sod=== | ===New soil or sod=== | ||
{{Term info | {{Term info | ||
| 426번째 줄: | 455번째 줄: | ||
|Alternate terms= | |Alternate terms= | ||
}} | }} | ||
| + | |||
===Soil becomes soft=== | ===Soil becomes soft=== | ||
{{Term info | {{Term info | ||
| 441번째 줄: | 471번째 줄: | ||
|Alternate terms= | |Alternate terms= | ||
}} | }} | ||
| + | |||
===Soil that is thick, old, and well-used=== | ===Soil that is thick, old, and well-used=== | ||
{{Term info | {{Term info | ||
| 456번째 줄: | 487번째 줄: | ||
|Alternate terms= | |Alternate terms= | ||
}} | }} | ||
| + | |||
===Subsoil=== | ===Subsoil=== | ||
{{Term info | {{Term info | ||
|Hanja=生地 | |Hanja=生地 | ||
|Hangeul=속땅 | |Hangeul=속땅 | ||
| − | |RR= | + | |RR=sokttang |
| − | |MR= | + | |MR=sokttang |
|Pinyin= | |Pinyin= | ||
|If Common Name= | |If Common Name= | ||
| 474번째 줄: | 506번째 줄: | ||
'''Definition''' | '''Definition''' | ||
| − | [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subsoil Subsoil] is the layer of soil under the topsoil on the surface of the ground. Like topsoil it is composed of a variable mixture of small particles such as sand, silt and/or clay, but with a much lower percentage of organic matter and humus. Below the subsoil is the substratum, which can be residual bedrock, sediments, or aeolian deposits. As it is lacking in dark humus, subsoil is usually paler in colour than the overlying topsoil. It may contain the deeper roots of some plants, such as trees, but a majority of plant roots lie within the surface topsoil.<ref | + | [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subsoil Subsoil] is the layer of soil under the topsoil on the surface of the ground. Like topsoil it is composed of a variable mixture of small particles such as sand, silt and/or clay, but with a much lower percentage of organic matter and humus. Below the subsoil is the substratum, which can be residual bedrock, sediments, or aeolian deposits. As it is lacking in dark humus, subsoil is usually paler in colour than the overlying topsoil. It may contain the deeper roots of some plants, such as trees, but a majority of plant roots lie within the surface topsoil.<ref>"[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subsoil Subsoil]", Wikipedia.</ref> |
| + | |||
| + | '''Multimedia''' | ||
| + | |||
| + | [[File:Subsoil.jpg|center|thumb|Subsoil]] | ||
===Subsoil water is cold=== | ===Subsoil water is cold=== | ||
| 491번째 줄: | 527번째 줄: | ||
|Alternate terms= | |Alternate terms= | ||
}} | }} | ||
| + | |||
===The soil firms up=== | ===The soil firms up=== | ||
{{Term info | {{Term info | ||
| 506번째 줄: | 543번째 줄: | ||
|Alternate terms= | |Alternate terms= | ||
}} | }} | ||
| + | |||
===The soil is too dry=== | ===The soil is too dry=== | ||
{{Term info | {{Term info | ||
| 521번째 줄: | 559번째 줄: | ||
|Alternate terms= | |Alternate terms= | ||
}} | }} | ||
| + | |||
===Wait for the soil to dry out and turn white=== | ===Wait for the soil to dry out and turn white=== | ||
{{Term info | {{Term info | ||
| 536번째 줄: | 575번째 줄: | ||
|Alternate terms= | |Alternate terms= | ||
}} | }} | ||
| + | |||
===White soil=== | ===White soil=== | ||
{{Term info | {{Term info | ||
|Hanja=白壤 | |Hanja=白壤 | ||
|Hangeul=흰 토양, 백양 | |Hangeul=흰 토양, 백양 | ||
| − | |RR= | + | |RR=baegyang |
| − | |MR= | + | |MR=paegyang |
|Pinyin= | |Pinyin= | ||
|If Common Name= | |If Common Name= | ||
| 551번째 줄: | 591번째 줄: | ||
|Alternate terms= | |Alternate terms= | ||
}} | }} | ||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | ---- | + | '''Further Reading''' |
| − | + | * See [http://www.nzsoils.org.nz/Topic-Basics_Of_Soils/Soil-Definitions-and-Properties/ Soil definitions and properties] on soil colour. | |
=='''Others'''== | =='''Others'''== | ||
| 563번째 줄: | 600번째 줄: | ||
|Hanja=高燥 | |Hanja=高燥 | ||
|Hangeul=고지대에 건조한 곳, 고조 | |Hangeul=고지대에 건조한 곳, 고조 | ||
| − | |RR= | + | |RR=gojo |
| − | |MR= | + | |MR=kojo |
|Pinyin= | |Pinyin= | ||
|If Common Name= | |If Common Name= | ||
| 574번째 줄: | 611번째 줄: | ||
|Alternate terms= | |Alternate terms= | ||
}} | }} | ||
| + | |||
===High ground=== | ===High ground=== | ||
{{Term info | {{Term info | ||
|Hanja=高處 | |Hanja=高處 | ||
|Hangeul=높은 곳의 논, 고처 | |Hangeul=높은 곳의 논, 고처 | ||
| − | |RR= | + | |RR=gocheo |
| − | |MR= | + | |MR=koch'ŏ |
| − | |Pinyin= | + | |Pinyin=gāochù |
|If Common Name= | |If Common Name= | ||
|Common Name Hanja= | |Common Name Hanja= | ||
| 589번째 줄: | 627번째 줄: | ||
|Alternate terms= | |Alternate terms= | ||
}} | }} | ||
| + | |||
===Highlands=== | ===Highlands=== | ||
{{Term info | {{Term info | ||
|Hanja=高地 | |Hanja=高地 | ||
|Hangeul=높은 지대의 토지, 고지 | |Hangeul=높은 지대의 토지, 고지 | ||
| − | |RR= | + | |RR=goji |
| − | |MR= | + | |MR=koji |
| − | |Pinyin= | + | |Pinyin=gāodì |
|If Common Name= | |If Common Name= | ||
|Common Name Hanja= | |Common Name Hanja= | ||
| 604번째 줄: | 643번째 줄: | ||
|Alternate terms=upland | |Alternate terms=upland | ||
}} | }} | ||
| + | |||
'''Definition''' | '''Definition''' | ||
| − | [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highland Highlands] or uplands are any mountainous region or elevated mountainous plateau.<ref | + | [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highland Highlands] or uplands are any mountainous region or elevated mountainous plateau.<ref>"[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highland Highland]", Wikipedia.</ref> |
===Locations with sources of cold water=== | ===Locations with sources of cold water=== | ||
| 623번째 줄: | 663번째 줄: | ||
|Alternate terms= | |Alternate terms= | ||
}} | }} | ||
| + | |||
===Low and wet lands=== | ===Low and wet lands=== | ||
{{Term info | {{Term info | ||
| 641번째 줄: | 682번째 줄: | ||
'''Definition''' | '''Definition''' | ||
| − | A [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wetland wetland] is a land area that is saturated with water, either permanently or seasonally, such that it takes on the characteristics of a distinct ecosystem. | + | A [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wetland wetland] is a land area that is saturated with water, either permanently or seasonally, such that it takes on the characteristics of a distinct ecosystem. The primary factor that distinguishes wetlands from other land forms or water bodies is the characteristic vegetation of aquatic plants, adapted to the unique hydric soil. Wetlands play a number of roles in the environment, principally water purification, flood control, carbon sink and shoreline stability. Wetlands are also considered the most biologically diverse of all ecosystems, serving as home to a wide range of plant and animal life.<ref>"[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wetland Wetland]", Wikipedia.</ref> |
===Northern regions=== | ===Northern regions=== | ||
| 658번째 줄: | 699번째 줄: | ||
|Alternate terms= | |Alternate terms= | ||
}} | }} | ||
| + | |||
===Places without trees and grass=== | ===Places without trees and grass=== | ||
{{Term info | {{Term info | ||
| 673번째 줄: | 715번째 줄: | ||
|Alternate terms= | |Alternate terms= | ||
}} | }} | ||
| + | |||
===Ridges=== | ===Ridges=== | ||
{{Term info | {{Term info | ||
|Hanja=畝 | |Hanja=畝 | ||
|Hangeul=이랑 | |Hangeul=이랑 | ||
| − | |RR= | + | |RR=irang |
| − | |MR= | + | |MR=irang |
| − | |Pinyin= | + | |Pinyin=mǔ |
|If Common Name= | |If Common Name= | ||
|Common Name Hanja= | |Common Name Hanja= | ||
| 688번째 줄: | 731번째 줄: | ||
|Alternate terms= | |Alternate terms= | ||
}} | }} | ||
| + | |||
'''Definition''' | '''Definition''' | ||
| − | [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ridge_and_furrow Ridge] and furrow is an archaeological pattern of ridges (Medieval Latin sliones) and troughs created by a system of ploughing used in Europe during the Middle Ages, typical of the open field system. It is also known as Rig (or rigg) and furrow, mostly in the North East of England and Scotland.<ref | + | [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ridge_and_furrow Ridge] and furrow is an archaeological pattern of ridges (Medieval Latin sliones) and troughs created by a system of ploughing used in Europe during the Middle Ages, typical of the open field system. It is also known as Rig (or rigg) and furrow, mostly in the North East of England and Scotland.<ref>"[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ridge_and_furrow Ridge and furrow]", Wikipedia.</ref> |
| + | |||
| + | '''Multimedia''' | ||
| + | |||
| + | [[File:Ridge.jpg|center|thumb|Ridge rows for potato production. ]] | ||
===Roadside=== | ===Roadside=== | ||
| 696번째 줄: | 744번째 줄: | ||
|Hanja=路邊 | |Hanja=路邊 | ||
|Hangeul=길가 | |Hangeul=길가 | ||
| − | |RR= | + | |RR=gilga |
| − | |MR= | + | |MR=kilka |
| − | |Pinyin= | + | |Pinyin=lùbiān |
|If Common Name= | |If Common Name= | ||
|Common Name Hanja= | |Common Name Hanja= | ||
| 707번째 줄: | 755번째 줄: | ||
|Alternate terms= | |Alternate terms= | ||
}} | }} | ||
| + | |||
===Warm place=== | ===Warm place=== | ||
{{Term info | {{Term info | ||
|Hanja=溫處 | |Hanja=溫處 | ||
|Hangeul=따뜻한 곳, 온처 | |Hangeul=따뜻한 곳, 온처 | ||
| − | |RR= | + | |RR=oncheo |
| − | |MR= | + | |MR=onch'ŏ |
|Pinyin= | |Pinyin= | ||
|If Common Name= | |If Common Name= | ||
| 722번째 줄: | 771번째 줄: | ||
|Alternate terms= | |Alternate terms= | ||
}} | }} | ||
| − | |||
| + | <br/> | ||
| + | <br/> | ||
| + | <br/> | ||
| + | <br/> | ||
| + | <br/> | ||
---- | ---- | ||
| − | <references | + | <references/> |
| + | |||
| + | [[분류:농사직설]] | ||
2018년 6월 16일 (토) 02:08 기준 최신판
| Nongsa jikseol | |
|---|---|
| Table of Contents | |
Contributor: Evelyn Ruiz
목차
- 1 Terms related to fields
- 1.1 Acceptable fields
- 1.2 Barren fields
- 1.3 Best fields
- 1.4 Dry fields
- 1.5 Fertile fields
- 1.6 Field Banks
- 1.7 Fields mixed with half fine sand and half black dirt
- 1.8 Fields where barley had been grown
- 1.9 Good fields
- 1.10 If the fields are abundant
- 1.11 Old and well-used fields
- 1.12 Paddy fields
- 1.13 Second best fields
- 1.14 Small fields
- 1.15 The most fertile wet fields with an accessible source of water
- 1.16 Wastelands
- 1.17 Worst fields
- 2 Terms related to soil
- 2.1 (soil) Too soft
- 2.2 (spring) Thaw
- 2.3 (the soil becomes) Infertile
- 2.4 Dirt clods
- 2.5 If the soil is barren
- 2.6 If the soil is muddy or crumbly
- 2.7 Make the soil loose and level, making it extremely soft
- 2.8 Make the soil soft and fertile
- 2.9 New soil or sod
- 2.10 Soil becomes soft
- 2.11 Soil that is thick, old, and well-used
- 2.12 Subsoil
- 2.13 Subsoil water is cold
- 2.14 The soil firms up
- 2.15 The soil is too dry
- 2.16 Wait for the soil to dry out and turn white
- 2.17 White soil
- 3 Others
Acceptable fields
| Basic Info | |||
| • Hanja: 中田 | • Hangeul: 중간 정도의 밭 | • RR: jungjeon | • MR: chungjŏn |
Barren fields
| Basic Info | ||||
| • Hanja: 薄田 | • Hangeul: 척박한 밭, 박전 | • RR: bakjeon | • MR: pakchŏn | • Pinyin: bótián |
| Alternate English Terms | ||||
| • poor fields | ||||
Multimedia
Further Reading
- On reclaiming barren lands, see Reclaiming barren lands, promoting sustainable agriculture with indigenous knowledge.
Best fields
| Basic Info | |||
| • Hanja: 上 | • Hangeul: ~논이 가장 좋다 | • Pinyin: Shàng | |
Dry fields
| Basic Info | |||
| • Hanja: 旱田 | • Hangeul: 한전 | • RR: hanjeon | • MR: hanjŏn |
Multimedia
Further Reading
- On Dry-field farming and Batdam in Jeju, South Korea, see Jeju Batdam Agricultural system.
Fertile fields
| Basic Info | |||
| • Hanja: 美田, 熟田 | • Hangeul: 좋은 밭 | • RR: mijeon, sukjeon | • MR: mijŏn, sukchŏn |
Field Banks
| Basic Info | ||||
| • Hanja: 畔, 田畔 | • Hangeul: 밭두둑 | • RR: batduduk | • MR: pattuduk | • Pinyin: pàn |
Fields mixed with half fine sand and half black dirt
| Basic Info | |||
| • Hanja: 細沙黑土相半者 | • Hangeul: 고운 모래와 검은 흙이 절반씩 섞인 곳 | ||
Fields where barley had been grown
| Basic Info | |||
| • Hanja: 麥根田 | • Hangeul: 맥근전 | • RR: maekgeunjeon | • MR: maekkŭnjŏn |
| Alternate English Terms | |||
| • fields where barley has been grown (and the roots remain) | |||
Good fields
| Basic Info | ||||
| • Hanja: 良田 | • Hangeul: 좋은 밭 | • RR: yangjeon | • MR: yangjŏn | • Pinyin: liángtián |
If the fields are abundant
| Basic Info | |||
| • Hanja: 田多 | • Hangeul: 밭이 많이 확보되면 | • RR: jeonda | • MR: jŏnda |
Old and well-used fields
| Basic Info | |||
| • Hanja: 久陣田 | • Hangeul: 오래 묵은 밭 | • RR: gujinjeon | • MR: kujinjŏn |
Paddy fields
| Basic Info | ||||
| • Hanja: 水田 | • Hangeul: 논, 물이 있는 논, 수전, 무릇 논 | • RR: sujeon | • MR: sujŏn | • Pinyin: shuǐtián |
| Alternate English Terms | ||||
| • Paddies, wet fields, terraced paddy fields | ||||
Definition
A paddy field is a flooded parcel of arable land used for growing semiaquatic rice. Paddy cultivation should not be confused with cultivation of deepwater rice, which is grown in flooded conditions with water more than 50 cm (20 in) deep for at least a month. Genetic evidence shows that all forms of paddy rice, both indica and japonica, spring from a domestication of the wild rice Oryza rufipogon that first occurred 8,200–13,500 years ago South of the Yangtze River in present-day China. However, the domesticated indica subspecies currently appears to be a product of the introgression of favorable alleles from japonica at a later date, so that there are possibly several events of cultivation and domestication. Paddy fields are the typical feature of rice farming in east, south and southeast Asia. Fields can be built into steep hillsides as terraces and adjacent to depressed or steeply sloped features such as rivers or marshes. They can require a great deal of labor and materials to create, and need large quantities of water for irrigation. Oxen and water buffalo, adapted for life in wetlands, are important working animals used extensively in paddy field farming.[1]
Multimedia
Paddy fields in China. China Daily.
©Vespertunes / Wikimedia Commons / "Canal and Paddy Fields" / CC-BY-SA-4.0
Terraced paddy fields in Yuanyang, Yunnan, China. China Daily.
Second best fields
| Basic Info | |||
| • Hanja: 次 | • Hangeul: ~논이 그 다음이다 | • Pinyin: Cì | |
Small fields
| Basic Info | |||
| • Hanja: 田小者 | • Hangeul: 밭이 적은 경우 | ||
The most fertile wet fields with an accessible source of water
| Basic Info | |||
| • Hanja: 連水源肥膏水田 | • Hangeul: 논물을 대기 쉬운 기름진 논 | ||
Wastelands
| Basic Info | ||||
| • Hanja: 荒地 | • Hangeul: 황무지, 황지 | • RR: hwangji | • MR: hwangji | • Pinyin: huāngdì |
| Alternate English Terms | ||||
| • Uncultivated land | ||||
Worst fields
| Basic Info | |||
| • Hanja: 下 | • Hangeul: ~논이 가장 나쁘다 | • Pinyin: xià | |
(soil) Too soft
| Basic Info | |||
| • Hanja: 過熟 | • Hangeul: 지나치게 (땅을) 부드럽게 해서 | ||
Further Reading
(spring) Thaw
| Basic Info | ||||
| • Hanja: 寒氣, 氷解 | • Hangeul: 토양의 찬 기운(한기), 얼음이 녹자마자 | • RR: hangi | • MR: han'gi | • Pinyin: hánqì |
Further Reading
- For more on Spring thaw and Agriculture, see Spring Thaw/Freeze Effects
(the soil becomes) Infertile
| Basic Info | |||
| • Hanja: 無澤 | • Hangeul: (땅이) 윤택해지지 않는다 | ||
Dirt clods
| Basic Info | ||||
| • Hanja: 塊 | • Hangeul: 흙덩이 | • RR: heukdeongi | • MR: hŭktŏngi | • Pinyin: kuài |
| Alternate English Terms | ||||
| • clods of soil | ||||
If the soil is barren
| Basic Info | |||
| • Hanja: 地若瘠薄 | • Hangeul: 메마른 땅이면 | ||
If the soil is muddy or crumbly
| Basic Info | |||
| • Hanja: 地或泥濘或虛浮 | • Hangeul: 흙이 진흙투성이거나 푸석푸석하거나 | ||
Further Reading
Make the soil loose and level, making it extremely soft
| Basic Info | |||
| • Hanja: 土極軟 | • Hangeul: 흙이 극히 부드럽도록 한다 | ||
Make the soil soft and fertile
| Basic Info | |||
| • Hanja: 土軟熟 | • Hangeul: 흙이 부드러우면서도 비옥해진다 | ||
New soil or sod
| Basic Info | |||
| • Hanja: 新土或莎土 | • Hangeul: 새 흙이나 사토 | ||
Soil becomes soft
| Basic Info | |||
| • Hanja: 土軟 | • Hangeul: 흙이 부드러워지고 | ||
Soil that is thick, old, and well-used
| Basic Info | |||
| • Hanja: 土厚久陳地 | • Hangeul: 흙이 두텁고 오래 묵은 땅 | ||
Subsoil
| Basic Info | |||
| • Hanja: 生地 | • Hangeul: 속땅 | • RR: sokttang | • MR: sokttang |
Definition
Subsoil is the layer of soil under the topsoil on the surface of the ground. Like topsoil it is composed of a variable mixture of small particles such as sand, silt and/or clay, but with a much lower percentage of organic matter and humus. Below the subsoil is the substratum, which can be residual bedrock, sediments, or aeolian deposits. As it is lacking in dark humus, subsoil is usually paler in colour than the overlying topsoil. It may contain the deeper roots of some plants, such as trees, but a majority of plant roots lie within the surface topsoil.[2]
Multimedia
Subsoil water is cold
| Basic Info | |||
| • Hanja: 水冷 | • Hangeul: [흙이] 찬물 기운[水冷]이 있다 | ||
The soil firms up
| Basic Info | |||
| • Hanja: 土强 | • Hangeul: 흙이 굳어진 상태 | ||
The soil is too dry
| Basic Info | |||
| • Hanja: 土大燥 | • Hangeul: 토지가 너무 건조하면 | ||
Wait for the soil to dry out and turn white
| Basic Info | |||
| • Hanja: 待土色乾白 | • Hangeul: 흙빛이 희게 마르기를 기다려 | ||
White soil
| Basic Info | |||
| • Hanja: 白壤 | • Hangeul: 흰 토양, 백양 | • RR: baegyang | • MR: paegyang |
Further Reading
- See Soil definitions and properties on soil colour.
Others
High and dry (areas)
| Basic Info | |||
| • Hanja: 高燥 | • Hangeul: 고지대에 건조한 곳, 고조 | • RR: gojo | • MR: kojo |
High ground
| Basic Info | ||||
| • Hanja: 高處 | • Hangeul: 높은 곳의 논, 고처 | • RR: gocheo | • MR: koch'ŏ | • Pinyin: gāochù |
Highlands
| Basic Info | ||||
| • Hanja: 高地 | • Hangeul: 높은 지대의 토지, 고지 | • RR: goji | • MR: koji | • Pinyin: gāodì |
| Alternate English Terms | ||||
| • upland | ||||
Definition
Highlands or uplands are any mountainous region or elevated mountainous plateau.[3]
Locations with sources of cold water
| Basic Info | |||
| • Hanja: 水冷處 | • Hangeul: 찬물 기운이 있는 토지 | ||
Low and wet lands
| Basic Info | |||
| • Hanja: 下濕之地 | • Hangeul: 저지대에 습기가 많은 곳 | ||
Definition
A wetland is a land area that is saturated with water, either permanently or seasonally, such that it takes on the characteristics of a distinct ecosystem. The primary factor that distinguishes wetlands from other land forms or water bodies is the characteristic vegetation of aquatic plants, adapted to the unique hydric soil. Wetlands play a number of roles in the environment, principally water purification, flood control, carbon sink and shoreline stability. Wetlands are also considered the most biologically diverse of all ecosystems, serving as home to a wide range of plant and animal life.[4]
Northern regions
| Basic Info | |||
| • Hanja: 北土 | • Hangeul: 북쪽지방 | ||
Places without trees and grass
| Basic Info | |||
| • Hanja: 芟除林木 | • Hangeul: 수풀을 베어낸 곳 | ||
Ridges
| Basic Info | ||||
| • Hanja: 畝 | • Hangeul: 이랑 | • RR: irang | • MR: irang | • Pinyin: mǔ |
Definition
Ridge and furrow is an archaeological pattern of ridges (Medieval Latin sliones) and troughs created by a system of ploughing used in Europe during the Middle Ages, typical of the open field system. It is also known as Rig (or rigg) and furrow, mostly in the North East of England and Scotland.[5]
Multimedia
Roadside
| Basic Info | ||||
| • Hanja: 路邊 | • Hangeul: 길가 | • RR: gilga | • MR: kilka | • Pinyin: lùbiān |
Warm place
| Basic Info | |||
| • Hanja: 溫處 | • Hangeul: 따뜻한 곳, 온처 | • RR: oncheo | • MR: onch'ŏ |
- ↑ "Paddy field", Wikipedia.
- ↑ "Subsoil", Wikipedia.
- ↑ "Highland", Wikipedia.
- ↑ "Wetland", Wikipedia.
- ↑ "Ridge and furrow", Wikipedia.
