Nongsajikseol - Plowing the soil - 편집 역사

Mingoo: /* Plowing Cow(耕牛,農牛) 耕耘機 */

2018-04-10T21:10:08Z

‎Plowing Cow(耕牛,農牛) 耕耘機

Mingoo: /* Tutor 1: 전성호 */

2018-04-10T20:59:09Z

‎Tutor 1: 전성호

Jeeeun: /* Grammar / Pattern Practice */

2018-04-04T06:25:45Z

‎Grammar / Pattern Practice

Lyndsey: /* Comments */

2018-04-04T06:25:39Z

‎Comments

Jeeeun: /* Grammar / Pattern Practice */

2018-04-04T06:25:12Z

‎Grammar / Pattern Practice

Tutor: /* 標點 Punctuation */

2018-04-04T05:39:26Z

‎標點 Punctuation

Tutor: /* 標點 Punctuation */

2018-04-04T05:38:18Z

‎標點 Punctuation

Lyndsey: /* Comments */

2018-04-04T05:38:11Z

‎Comments

Ancaval: /* Student 4: 안카 */

2018-04-04T05:01:22Z

‎Student 4: 안카

Ancaval: /* Student 4: 안카 */

2018-04-04T04:58:37Z

‎Student 4: 안카

@@ 275번째 줄: / 275번째 줄: @@
 ===Plowing Cow(耕牛,農牛) 耕耘機===
-The old units for measuring land area in Korea are majigi and Harugali. Those are written in Chinese characters as 斗落 and 日耕, respectively. In Chosŏn’s agriculture, the area that can be plowed by a cow a day is called Harugali (日耕). Majigiis(斗落) the land area where 4.8 kg of rice seeds can be sown. K.HM explains the relationship between ilgyŏng (日耕) and one majigi(斗落) in “MKD” as follows:
+The old units for measuring land area in Korea are Majigi and Harugali and Baemi. Those are written in Chinese characters as 斗落,日耕,夜味, but they should be on the basis of the idu 吏讀 pronunciation.  In Chosŏn’s agriculture, the area that can be plowed by a cow a day is called Harugali (日耕). Majigiis(斗落) the land area where 4.8 kg of rice seeds can be sown. K.HM explains the relationship between ilgyŏng (日耕) and one majigi(斗落) in “MKD” as follows:
 Those without oxen must hire nine laborers to pull the plow to get the power of one ox. They can plow and plant twenty tothirty du of seed in the field plowed by one ox a day.

← 이전 판		2018년 4월 10일 (화) 20:59 판
273번째 줄:		273번째 줄:


−	----	+	===Plowing Cow(耕牛,農牛) 耕耘機===
		+
		+	The old units for measuring land area in Korea are majigi and Harugali. Those are written in Chinese characters as 斗落 and 日耕, respectively. In Chosŏn’s agriculture, the area that can be plowed by a cow a day is called Harugali (日耕). Majigiis(斗落) the land area where 4.8 kg of rice seeds can be sown. K.HM explains the relationship between ilgyŏng (日耕) and one majigi(斗落) in “MKD” as follows:
		+
		+	Those without oxen must hire nine laborers to pull the plow to get the power of one ox. They can plow and plant twenty tothirty du of seed in the field plowed by one ox a day.
		+
		+	K.HM deemed ilgyŏng(Harugali), the average farmland size in early Chosŏn, as 20-30 majigi based on the amount of seeds planted. It is equal to 4,000*3.3square meters. By quoting from ”MKD”, Farm Management Sallimgyŏngje, an agricultural book published in the late Chosŏn, explains that one paemi is the area that can be plowed in one day by a single horse and where 20-30 mal of seeds can be sown. Yu Hyŏngwŏn(柳馨遠: 1622-1673) explained that the area of 70 mǔ (畝, 193.3 square meters) is equivalent to one qǐng (頃) in the old system of China and this is the minimum area where 26 to 27 mal of rice can be sown.
		+	舍音。訓마름。夜味。訓밤이
		+	莊客之謂舍音，田畦之謂夜味，準以方言，當云末音ㆍ裵味與猶堂全書補遺餛飩錄餛飩錄四
		+
		+	Identifying the relationship between the land area unit of Chosŏn and that of China, he also explains that 70 mǔ, or one qǐng is the minimum area needed for a farmer to effectively cultivate. In the case of the ancient Xia,Yin, and Zhou dynasties, there was a change in the measurementsover time. The appropriate area for farmers to cultivate was 50 mǔ and 70 mǔ in Xia and Yin, respectively. In Zhou Dynasty, 100 mu was equivalent to one qǐng, widened to sow 40 mal of seeds. At his time, 100mǔ was an area where 80 mal of seeds, twice as many as in 100 mǔ or oneqǐng in Zhou Dynasty, could be sown. Therefore, four ilgyŏng (日耕) is equivalent to one qǐng.
		+	In “MKD” published in the early Chosŏn Dynasty, the area where 20 to 30 mal of seeds can be sown is considered as oneilgyŏng of field, so the land area of the early Chosŏn is similar to that of the Xia Dynasty. Yu Hyŏngwŏn says that the quantity of the seeds that can be planted either in 10 majigi of paddy field or 1 ilgyŏng of field is 20 mal. According to him, 10 majigi of rice paddy equals one ilgyŏng of fields, where 20 mal of rice plants can be sown.
		+	Tasan says that the power of eight people is required to farm 100 mǔ, or one qǐng, so if a husband and wife couple properly form a patriarchal family, they receive 25 myo of farmland. He adds that it requires eight people to cultivate 100 myo. According to Tasan, 1 ilgyŏng plowed by a cow equates to the manpower of seven to nine people, as seen in “MKD”. Therefore, 100 mǔ, or one qǐng can be counted as 1 ilgyŏng plowed by a cow. According to Tasan, for the purposes of taxation, men of 20 to 60 years of age and women of 20 to 50 years of age should be recorded as vigorous youths, and farmers should be taxed by converting the labor of eight men into 100 myo.
		+	Thus, the plowing of cattle has an indispensable relationship with the physiocracy of Chosŏn society. F.H King, an American agriculturist at the end of the 19th century, also recorded cow plowing as a signature characteristic of Korean farming. He says that Korean farming is characterized by mixed cropping and intercropping, mostly with soy beans, by making a narrow dam in a rice field or a paddy, and plowing with two cows. Having observed that horses plowed in Japan while two cows did the job in Korea, he left the following remark:
		+
		+	“Here in Japan the plowing wasbeing done mostly with horses instead of the heavy bullocks so exclusively employed in Korea. Coming from China into Korea, and from there into Japan, it appeared very clear that in agricultural methods and appliances the Koreans and Japanese are more closely similar than the Chinese and Koreans, and the more we came to see of the Japanese methods the more strongly the impression became fixed that the Japanese had derived their methods either from the Koreans or the Koreans had taken theirs more largely from Japan than from China. (Farmers of Forty Centuries, p. 101) .

	==='''Tutor 2: 김현'''===		==='''Tutor 2: 김현'''===

@@ 326번째 줄: / 326번째 줄: @@
 *# 塉=瘠 척/ji(2), zi(4)  ..... barren / lean
-* 斸土一尺深, 嘗其味. 甛者爲上, 不甛不醎者次之, 醎爲下.
+* 斸土一尺深, 嘗其味. 甛者爲上, 不甛不醎者次之, 醎者爲下.
 *# 斸土一尺深 ..... 斸(V)土(O)一尺深(adverb phrase describing How)
 *# 醎=鹹 함/xian(2) ..... salty

@@ 384번째 줄: / 384번째 줄: @@
 **Very unique expressions
 *Link to full text - includes annotations, but we should be cautious
 ===English Translation, Version 3 (Editor: __________ )===

@@ 321번째 줄: / 321번째 줄: @@
 *# Temporal sequence: 初耕 → (後) 布草燒之 → (又)耕
-* 耕菉豆, 待其茂盛掩耕, 則不莠不虫, 燮塉爲良.
+* 耕菉豆, 待其茂盛掩耕, 則不莠不虫, 變塉爲良.
 *# 待其茂盛掩耕 .... 待其茂盛(乃)耕(以)掩(之)
-*# 燮 (A) 爲 (B) .... make (A) change and become (B)
+*# 變 (A) 爲 (B) .... make (A) change and become (B)
 *# 塉=瘠 척/ji(2), zi(4)  ..... barren / lean

@@ 289번째 줄: / 289번째 줄: @@
 ○荒地: 七八月間, 耕之掩草. 明年氷釋, 又耕, 後下種. 大抵荒地開墾, 初耕宜深, 再耕宜淺. 【初深後淺, 則生地不起, 令土軟熟.】
-荒地辨試之法: 斸土一尺深, 嘗其味. 甛者爲上, 不甛不醎者次之, 醎爲下.
+○荒地辨試之法: 斸土一尺深, 嘗其味. 甛者爲上, 不甛不醎者次之, 醎爲下.
 ====Why is Western punctuation used in Chinese writing?====

@@ 348번째 줄: / 348번째 줄: @@
 *Meaning of 경 - plowing, sowing, seeding, etc.
 **Prof. Jun - preparing 비, plowing 경, planting 종
 *How to use 숙 in regard to soil
 *생지 - topsoil is not the right translation
 *Problem with file
 *녹두 as fertilizer
 ===English Translation, Version 3 (Editor: __________ )===

@@ 183번째 줄: / 183번째 줄: @@
 !Chinese||Korean||English||New Translation(?)
 |-
-|耕||(땅을) 갈다||plow, plant||
+|耕||(땅을) 갈다||plow, plant, turn over||
 |-
 |耕(宜)淺||깊게 갈지 않는다, 얕게 갈다||shallow plowing||