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		<id>http://dh.aks.ac.kr/~classics/wiki/api.php?action=feedcontributions&amp;feedformat=atom&amp;user=Jeeeun</id>
		<title>classics - 사용자 기여 [ko]</title>
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		<updated>2026-05-13T07:24:50Z</updated>
		<subtitle>사용자 기여</subtitle>
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	<entry>
		<id>http://dh.aks.ac.kr/~classics/wiki/index.php?title=NJ2018_Cultivating_Rice&amp;diff=2970</id>
		<title>NJ2018 Cultivating Rice</title>
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				<updated>2018-06-14T10:32:36Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Jeeeun: /* Original Script */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{NJ2018 TOC}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Contribution |contributor=Jeeeun Kwon |my contribution=Original Text and Korean Translation Editing}}{{Contribution |contributor=Lyndsey Twining |my contribution=English Translation Editing}}&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Original Script'''==&lt;br /&gt;
{|class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:70%&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;width:80%&amp;quot; | Text with Punctuation || style=&amp;quot;width:20%&amp;quot; | Text Image&lt;br /&gt;
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|種稻 {{원주|附 旱稻}}&lt;br /&gt;
稻種有早有晩。 耕種法有水耕【鄕名: 水沙彌】有乾耕【鄕名: 乾沙彌】, 又有揷種【鄕名: 苗種】。 除草之法, 則大抵皆同。&lt;br /&gt;
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○早稻:&lt;br /&gt;
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秋收後, 擇連水源肥膏水田,【凡水田, 上可以引水, 下可以決去。 旱則灌之, 雨則洩之者, 爲上。 洿下渟水處, 次之, 然久雨泥渾, 則苗腐。 高處須雨而耕者, 斯爲下矣。】 耕之。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
冬月入糞。【正月氷解, 耕之入糞。或入新土亦得。】&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
二月上旬又耕之。 以木斫【鄕名: 所訖羅】縱橫摩平, 復以鐵齒擺【鄕名: 手愁音】打破土塊令熟。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
先以稻種漬水, 經三日漉出, 納蒿篅中【鄕名: 空石】, 置溫處。 頻頻開視, 勿致鬱浥。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
芽長二分, 均撒水田中, 以板撈【鄕名: 翻地】或把撈【鄕名: 推介】覆種。 灌水驅鳥。【以苗生爲限】&lt;br /&gt;
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苗生二葉, 則去水, 以手耘。【苗弱, 不可用鋤。 然水渴土强, 則當用鋤。】&lt;br /&gt;
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去苗間細草, 訖又灌水。【每去水而耘, 耘訖灌之。 苗弱時宜淺, 苗强時宜深。】&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
如川水連通, 雖旱不渴處, 則每耘訖決去水, 曝根二日, 後還灌水。【耐風與旱】&lt;br /&gt;
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苗長半尺許, 又耘以鋤。【苗强, 可以用鋤。】&lt;br /&gt;
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耘時, 以手挼軟苗間土面。 耘至三四度,【禾穀成長, 唯賴鋤功。 且旱稻性速, 不可小緩。】 將熟去水。【有水, 則熟遲。】&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
早稻善零, 隨熟隨刈。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○晩稻水耕:&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;正月氷解耕之。 入糞入土, 與旱稻法同。&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【今年入土, 則明年入糞或入雜草, 互爲之。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;其地或泥濘或虛浮或水冷, 則專入新土或莎土; 瘠薄, 則布牛馬糞及連枝杼葉&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【鄕名: 加乙草】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;,  人糞蠶沙亦佳。&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【但多得爲難】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; &amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;三月上旬至芒種節, 又耕之。&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【大抵節晩耕種者, 不實。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; &amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;漬種、下種、覆種、灌水、耘法, 皆與早稻法同。&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【六月望前三度耘者, 爲上。 六月內三度耘者, 次之。 不及此者爲下。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○春旱不可水耕, 宜乾耕。&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【唯種晩稻】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; &amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;其法, 耕訖, 以檑木&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【鄕名: 古音波】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;打破土塊, 又以木斫&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【鄕名 所訖羅】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; 縱橫摩平, 熟治後, 以稻種一斗和熟糞或尿灰一石爲度&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【作尿灰法: 牛廏外, 作池貯尿, 以穀秸及糠秕之類, 燒爲灰, 用所貯池尿拌均。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;, 足種。 &amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;驅鳥。&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【以苗生爲限】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;苗未成長, 不可灌水。&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;雜草生, 則雖旱苗槀, 不可停鋤。&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【古語曰:「鋤頭自有百本禾。」 老農亦曰: 「苗知人功。」】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○苗種法:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
擇水田, 雖遇旱不乾處。&lt;br /&gt;
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二月下旬至三月上旬可耕。 每水田十分, 以一分養苗, 餘九分以擬裁苗。 【拔苗訖, 幷裁養苗處。】&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
先耕養苗處如法, 熟治去水, 剉柳枝軟梢厚布, 訖足踏之。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
曝土令乾, 後灌水。 先漬稻種三日, 漉入蒿篅【鄕名: 空石】。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
經一日下種, 後以板撈【鄕名: 翻地】覆種。&lt;br /&gt;
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苗長一握以上, 可移裁之。&lt;br /&gt;
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先耕苗種處, 布杼葉【鄕名: 加乙草】或牛馬糞。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
臨移裁時, 又耕之如法, 熟治, 令土極軟。&lt;br /&gt;
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每一科裁不過四五苗。&lt;br /&gt;
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根未着土, 灌水不可令深。【此法, 便於除草, 萬一大旱, 則失手, 農家之危事也。】&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○稻種甚多。大抵皆同, 別有一種, 曰旱稻【鄕名: 山稻】。&lt;br /&gt;
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徧宜於高地及水冷處, 然土大燥則不成。&lt;br /&gt;
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二月上旬耕之。 三月上旬至中旬, 又耕之, 作畝足種。訖踏畝背令堅。&lt;br /&gt;
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耘時, 去苗間土勿擁。地若瘠薄, 和熟糞或尿灰,種之。&lt;br /&gt;
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或旱稻二分、稷二分、小豆一分, 相和而種。【大抵雜種之術, 以歲有水旱。 九穀隨歲異宜, 故交種, 則不至全失。】。&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;td align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href=&amp;quot;http://digerati.aks.ac.kr/DhLab/2018/103/jpg/page-06-1.jpg&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;img src=&amp;quot;http://digerati.aks.ac.kr/DhLab/2018/103/thumb/page-06-1_xs.jpg&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;06&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/td&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;td align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href=&amp;quot;http://digerati.aks.ac.kr/DhLab/2018/103/jpg/page-07-1.jpg&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;img src=&amp;quot;http://digerati.aks.ac.kr/DhLab/2018/103/thumb/page-07-1_xs.jpg&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;07&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/td&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;td align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href=&amp;quot;http://digerati.aks.ac.kr/DhLab/2018/103/jpg/page-08-1.jpg&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;img src=&amp;quot;http://digerati.aks.ac.kr/DhLab/2018/103/thumb/page-08-1_xs.jpg&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;08&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/td&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;td align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href=&amp;quot;http://digerati.aks.ac.kr/DhLab/2018/103/jpg/page-09-1.jpg&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;img src=&amp;quot;http://digerati.aks.ac.kr/DhLab/2018/103/thumb/page-06-1_xs.jpg&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;09&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/td&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;td align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href=&amp;quot;http://digerati.aks.ac.kr/DhLab/2018/103/jpg/page-10-1.jpg&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;img src=&amp;quot;http://digerati.aks.ac.kr/DhLab/2018/103/thumb/page-06-1_xs.jpg&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;10&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/td&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;td align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href=&amp;quot;http://digerati.aks.ac.kr/DhLab/2018/103/jpg/page-11-1.jpg&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;img src=&amp;quot;http://digerati.aks.ac.kr/DhLab/2018/103/thumb/page-06-1_xs.jpg&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;11&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/td&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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=='''Korean Translation'''==&lt;br /&gt;
'''벼 심고 키우기 {{원주|한도를 덧붙임}}'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
벼의 품종으로는 일찍 파종하는 '''올벼'''가 있고 늦게 파종하는 '''늦벼'''가 있다. 재배법으로는 '''수경법'''{{원주|향명 ''수사미''}}이 있고, '''건경법'''{{원주|향명 ''건사미''}}이 있고, 또한 '''삽종법'''{{원주|향명 묘종}}이 있다.{{원주|제초하는 방법은 대개 동일하다.}}&lt;br /&gt;
○ 올벼는 [재배하려면] 가을에 수확한 후에, 수원과 이어져 있는 비옥한 논{{원주|무릇 논은 위쪽에서는 물을 끌어올 수 있어야 하고, 아래쪽에서는 물을 빼낼 수 있어야 한다. 가물면 물을 대고, 비가 오면 물을 빼내는 논이 가장 좋다. 웅덩이에 물이 고이는 논이 그 다음이다. 그런데 오랜 비에 [논이] 진흙뻘이 되면 모가 썩는다. 높은 곳에 위치하면서 비만 기다려 농사짓는 논, 이것은 가장 나쁘다.}}을 골라서 간다. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
겨울철에 거름을 투입하고{{원주|정월에 얼음이 녹을 때 갈이를 하고 거름을 투입하거나 혹은 새로운 흙을 투입하는 것도 나쁘지는 않다.}}2월 상순에 다시 한 번 더 갈이를 한다. '''''목작'''''{{원주|향명 ''소흘라''}}로 [논을] 종횡으로 갈아 평평하게 만든 후, 다시 '''''철치파'''''{{원주|향명 ''수수음''}}로 흙덩이를 깨뜨려 부드럽게 만든다. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
파종에 앞서 '''볍씨'''를 물에 담가 3일이 지난 후에 건져 내어 '''''호천'''''{{원주|향명 ''빈섬''}}에 담아 따뜻한 곳에 보관하여 둔다. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
자주 열어 보아 [벼 종자가] 눅눅해지지 않도록 한다. &lt;br /&gt;
싹의 길이가 2'''푼'''(약 0.4cm) 쯤 자라면 논에다가 골고루 뿌리고 '''''판로'''''{{원주|향명 ''번지''}}혹은 '''''파로'''''로{{원주|향명 ''밀개''}}씨를 덮어주고 난 뒤에 물을 공급하고 [묘가 자랄 동안에 한해서] 새들이 접근하지 못하도록 한다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
모에서 잎이 두 개가 나오면 물을 뺀다. 손으로 김을 매면서{{원주|모가 어리고 약하기 때문에 철로 된 ''호미''를 사용할 수 없지만 물이 말라 흙이 굳어진 상태에서는 마땅히 ''호미''를 써야 한다.}}모와 모 사이의 가느다란 잡초를 뽑고 다시 물을 투입한다. {{원주|매번 물을 빼고 김을 매고 다시 물을 공급하는데 묘가 약할 때에는 물을 얕게, 강할 때에는 깊게 공급한다.}}개천과 같이 물을 연속적으로 공급할 수 있어서 가뭄이 들어도 물이 마르지 않는 곳은 김을 맨 후에 물을 빼고 뿌리까지 햇볕을 쬘 수 있도록 하고 2일 후에 다시 물을 관개한다. {{원주|바람과 가뭄에 강하게 견디어 낼 수 있도록 하기 위함이다.}}&lt;br /&gt;
모의 길이가 반 '''자'''쯤 될 정도로 자라면 또 김을 매는데 '''''호미'''''를 가지고 한다.{{원주|모가 이미 강해져서 호미를 사용해도 되기 때문이다.}}김을 맬 때는 모 사이의 흙을 손으로 만져서 부드럽게 만들고, 김매기는 3~4번 하며 [벼의 성장은] 오직 김매기에 달려 있다.&lt;br /&gt;
게다가 올벼의 성질은 빨리 자라므로 [김매기를] 조금이라도 늦춰서는 안 된다. [벼가] 익을 무렵이 되면 물을 뺀다.{{원주|물이 있으면 [벼가] 익는 게 지체된다.}}벼는 잘 떨어지므로 익는 즉시 벤다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○'''늦벼'''의 '''수경'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''정월'''에 얼음이 녹을 때 간다. '''거름'''을 넣거나 흙을 넣는 것은 '''올벼''' 재배법과 동일하다. {{원주|올해 흙을 넣었다면 내년에는 거름을 넣거나 잡초를 넣는 방식으로 교대한다.}}흙이 진흙투성이거나 푸석푸석하거나 찬물 기운이 있다면 완전히 새 흙이나 '''사토'''를 채워 넣는다. [토질이] 척박하다면 소똥, 말똥 및 가지에 달린 '''갈잎'''{{원주|향명 ''가을초''}}을 깔아주는데, '''인분''', '''누에똥잠사'''도 좋다.{{원주|다만 많이 구하는 것이 어렵다.}}'''3월 상순'''에서 '''''망종''''' 사이에 다시 간다. {{원주|대체로 망종보다 늦게 갈고 파종하면 [수확이] 부실하다.}}종자 담그기, 파종하기, 종자 덮기, 물대기, 김매기 방법은 모두 '''올벼''' 재배법과 동일하다.{{원주|'''6월 보름''' 이전에 3번 김매는 것이 가장 좋다. 6월 이내에 3번 김매는 것이 그 다음이다. 여기에도 미치지 못하는 것은 가장 나쁘다.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○ 봄철에 가뭄이 들면 '''수경'''을 할 것이 아니라, '''건경'''을 해야 한다.{{원주|이 경우에는 오직 '''늦벼'''만 심는다.}}그 방법으로는 [먼저 논을] 간 다음 '''''뇌목'''''{{원주|향명 ''고음파''}}으로 흙덩이를 깨뜨리고, 다시 '''''목작'''''{{원주|향명 ''소흘라''}}으로 [논을] 종횡으로 갈아 평평하게 고른다. '''숙치''' 후, 볍씨 1'''''말'''''에 잘 삭힌 '''거름''' 혹은 '''요회'''를 섞고,{{원주|요회 만드는 법: 외양간 바깥에 웅덩이를 만들어 오줌을 저장한다. '''볏짚''', '''겨''', '''쭉정이''' 따위를 태워 만든 재를 웅덩이에 저장한 오줌과 잘 섞는다.}}'''''족종''''' 방식&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;역주&amp;quot;&amp;gt;왼발 뒤꿈치로 흙을 밟아 누르면서 종자를 뿌리고, 오른발로 흙을 덮어 주는 파종 방식. &amp;quot;[http://encysillok.aks.ac.kr/Contents/index?Contents_id=00000273 건경]&amp;quot;, 『조선왕조실록사전』, 한국학중앙연구원.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;으로 파종한다. [파종한 다음에는] 새를 쫓는다.{{원주|모가 자랄 때까지 한다.}}모가 클 때까지는 물을 대서는 안 된다. 잡초가 자라는 경우에는 가물고 모가 마른 상태이더라도 김매기를 쉬어서는 안 된다.{{원주|옛말에 '호미 머리에 이삭 백 줄기가 달려있다'고 했고, 늙은 농부들도 말하기를 '모는 사람의 공을 알아준다'고 했다.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○'''묘종법'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''모내기'''로 재배하는 방법은 물이 있는 논을 갈되 비록 가물어도 마르지 않는 곳이어야 한다. '''2월 하순'''부터 '''3월 상순'''까지 사이에 갈 수 있으며 논마다 10분의 1은 모를 기르고 나머지 10분의 9는 모를 심도록 헤아린다.{{원주|모를 뽑고 나면 못자리에도 아울러 모를 심는다.}}&lt;br /&gt;
먼저 못자리로 할 곳을 갈아 방법대로 잘 다스리고 물을 뺀 다음 '''연한 버들가지'''를 잘게 썰어서 두껍게 편 다음 발로 밟아 넣고 흙을 볕에 쪼여 말린 후에 물을 댄다. 우선 '''볍씨'''를 3일 동안 담갔다가 걸러내서 '''''호천'''''{{원주|향명 ''빈섬''}}에 넣고, 하루 뒤에 파종한 다음 '''''판로'''''{{원주|향명 ''번지''}}로 볍씨를 덮는다. &lt;br /&gt;
모가 한 줌 이상 자라서 옮겨 심을 수 있게 되면, 먼저 모를 심을 곳을 간 다음에 '''갈잎'''{{원주|향명 ''가을초''}}이나 '''소똥․말똥'''을 깐다. 모를 옮겨 심을 무렵에 다시 농법대로 갈되 흙이 아주 부드럽게 되도록 잘 간다. [옮겨 심는] 1'''''과''''' 당 4~5모가 넘지 않도록 하고, 흙에 착근되지 못했을 경우에는 너무 깊게 물을 대서는 안 된다.{{원주|이 방법은 제초에는 편리하지만, 만의 하나 크게 가물면 실수하게 되니, 농가의 위기이다.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○벼의 품종은 아주 많지만 대체로 모두 동일하다. 하지만 특별한 품종이 있으니 '''''한도'''''{{원주|향명 ''메벼''}}라고 부른다. &lt;br /&gt;
높은 지대의 토지나 찬물 기운이 있는 토지에도 두루 적합하다. 하지만 토지가 너무 건조하면 자라지 않는다. &lt;br /&gt;
'''2 월 상순'''에 갈고, 다시 '''3 월 상순'''에서 '''중순''' 사이에 갈아서 '''이랑'''을 만든다. &lt;br /&gt;
'''발로 밟으면서 파종'''한 후에는 '''이랑''' 등을 밟아 단단하게 만든다. 김을 맬 때는 모 사이의 흙을 제거하여 흙으로 [모를] 덮지 않도록 한다.만약 척박하다면 [볍씨를] 잘 삭힌 '''거름''' 혹은 '''뇨회'''와 섞어 심는다.&lt;br /&gt;
또는 '''''한도''''' 2 '''푼'''․'''찰기장''' 2 '''푼'''․'''팥''' 1 '''푼'''을 섞어서 심는다.{{원주|대체로 여러 종자를 섞어서 심는 방식은 해에 따라 홍수․가뭄이 있고 '''9곡'''도 해에 따라 적합한 것이 다르므로, 혼합하여 심게 되면 농사를 완전히 망치지는 않게 되기 때문이다.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''English Translation'''==&lt;br /&gt;
'''Cultivating Rice {{Original Commentary|Including Upland Rice}}'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There are '''early-sowing varieties''' and '''late-sowing varieties'''. As for cultivation and sowing methods, there are '''wet farming''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''musalmi''}}, '''dry farming''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''mareunsami''}}, and '''transplanting seedlings''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''myojong''}}. The weeding method is generally the same for all varieties. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○ For the '''early-sowing variety''', after the autumn harvest, choose the most fertile '''wet fields''' with an accessible source of water {{Original Commentary|In general, '''terraced paddy field'''s should be irrigated from above and drained below. The best (fields) are those that can be irrigated during droughts and drained during the rain. The second (best) are those where still water collects on the '''low ground'''. However, long rains may make the water sludgy and turbid, causing the seedlings to rot. The worst are those on '''high ground''' where farming is only possible when it rains.}} and plow them. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In the winter months, apply '''manure''' (onto the fields). {{Original Commentary|When the (spring) thaw occurs in the first (lunar) month, plow the fields and apply '''manure''', or alternatively, bring in new soil.}} Then, plow again in the first week&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;A lunar month has three weeks of 10 days each.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; of the second month. With a '''''mokchak''''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''soheulla''}}, harrow the soil lengthwise and breadthwise. Then again, with a '''''cheolchipa''''' {{Original Commentary|commonly called ''susueum''}}, break up the clods of soil to make it '''ready''' (for planting).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Before sowing the seeds, soak them in water.  After three days, take them out to drain, put them inside a '''''hocheon''''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''binseom'' or ''gongseom''}}, and store in a '''warm place'''. Frequently open (the ''hocheon'')] and check (the seeds), making sure they do not become damp and smelly. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
When the sprouts become two '''''bun''''' &amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Two ''bun'' is approx. 0.4 cm&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; long, place them evenly in the '''paddies''' and cover the them (with soil) using a '''''pallo''''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''beonji''}} or a '''''paro''''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''chugae'' or ''milgae''.}} Then, irrigate the fields and keep the birds out (until the seedlings grow). &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
When the seedlings sprout two leaves, drain the water (from the paddy). After completely removing by hand (the tiny weeds) {{Original Commentary|The seedlings are fragile so a '''''homi''''' cannot be used. However, if the water evaporates and the soil firms up, a ''homi'' should be used.}} between the seedlings, irrigate again. {{Original Commentary|Drain the water each time before weeding. Once weeding is complete, irrigate it. While the seedlings are still young and fragile, irrigate lightly, and when the seedlings are mature and strong, irrigate heavily.}} If the field has a constant source of water such as a stream, so that it does not dry out even in drought, then every time weeding is completed, drain the water, and expose the base (of the plant) to the sunlight. After two days, restart irrigation {{Original Commentary|so (the plants) withstand wind and drought}}. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
When the seedlings grow to about half a '''''cheok'''''&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Half a ''cheok'' is approx. 10 cm&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;, weed again with a '''''homi''''' {{Original Commentary|The seedlings are firmly rooted, so using a ''homi'' is allowed.}} When weeding, use your hands to gently rub the soil surface between the seedlings. Weed up to three or four times. {{Original Commentary|The growth of the plants depends solely on weeding. Moreover, the '''early-sowing variety''' grows quickly by nature, so the slightest delay in weeding is not allowed.}} When the plant is about to ripen, drain the water. {{Original Commentary|If the water remains, it delays the ripening.}} &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The grain of '''early-sowing varieties''' is prone to drop (from the ear), so harvest it as soon as it is ripe.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○ For '''wet farming''' of '''late-sowing varieties''': &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Plow the fields when the (spring) thaw occurs in the '''first (lunar) month'''. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
As for applying manure and bringing in new soil, follow the same method prescribed for the '''early-sowing varieties'''. {{Original Commentary|If new soil is brought in this year, then apply '''manure''' or spread '''weeds''' the following year, and alternate them.}} If the soil is muddy or crumbly, or the subsoil water is cold, then bring in new soil or sod. If the soil is infertile and barren, then spread '''cattle and horse manure''' and '''oak stems with leaves''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is  ''gaeulcho''.}}. '''Night soil''' and '''silkworm droppings''' are also good. {{Original Commentary|But they are difficult to procure in large amounts.}} &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
During the period between the '''first week&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;A lunar month has three weeks of 10 days each.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; of the third month''' and  '''''Grain in Ear'''''&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Grain in Ear,&amp;quot; or ''Mangjong'',  refers to a solar term which usually falls at the beginning of the fifth lunar month.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;, plow the fields again (and sow the seeds). {{Original Commentary|In general, plowing and sowing after ''Grain in Ear'' brings poor harvest.}} &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Soaking seeds, sowing seeds, covering seeds, irrigating water, and weeding methods are all the same as for '''early-sowing varieties'''. {{Original Commentary|Weeding three times by the '''middle of the sixth month''' is best. Weeding three times by the (end of) the sixth month is the second best. Not doing even this amount of weeding is the worst.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○ If a drought occurs in spring, (thus making) it impossible to practice '''wet farming''', one should practice '''dry farming'''. {{Original Commentary|(In this case), sow only the '''late-sowing varieties'''.}} &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The method is as follows: &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
After plowing, break the clods with '''''noemok''''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''goeumpa''}}, and harrow the fields with a '''''mokjak'''''. {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''soheulla''.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
After preparing the soil in this way, mix one '''''mal''''' &amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;One ''mal is approx. 18 liters&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; of rice with one '''''seom''''' &amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;One ''seom'' is approx. 180 liters&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; of '''aged manure''' or a '''mixture of urine and ash'''. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Original Commentary|'''Urine and ash fertilizer''' making method: Dig a small '''pool''' outside the '''cow stable''' to store '''urine'''. Burn '''stalks''', '''bran''', '''chaff''' and the like into ashes, and mix it with the urine from the '''pool''')}} &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Plant (the seeds) using the '''foot sowing''' method.&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;In the &amp;quot;foot sowing&amp;quot; method, a farmer leaves a depressed hole in the soil, using his/her left heel, to throw a seed into the hole. Then, with right foot, dirt is thrown back into the hole to cover the seed.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; (After sowing,) (continue to) keep the birds away {{Original Commentary|until the seedlings start to grow}}. Do not irrigate the field until the seedlings grow enough. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If weeds grow, do not cease weeding (with a ''homi''), even if there is a drought and the seedlings wither. {{Original Commentary|There is an old saying that &amp;quot;A hundred rice plants depend on the head of a ''homi''.&amp;quot; Old farmers also said, &amp;quot;Seedlings appreciate a man's efforts (at weeding).&amp;quot;}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○ Transplanting Method:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Select '''wet fields''' where the seedlings will not become dry, even in the case of a drought. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Plowing should be done between the last week&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;A lunar month has three weeks of 10 days each.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; of the second (lunar) month and the first week of the third month. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Each '''paddy field''' is divided into ten parts: One part is for raising the seedlings and the other nine parts are for (transplanting) the seedlings. {{Original Commentary|When the seedlings have completely been picked (and transplanted into the other nine parts), also transplant them into the part where the seedlings were raised.}} &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
First, plow the section where the seedlings will be grown according to the plowing method (mentioned previously), make the soil soft and levelled, and drain the water. Chop the soft ends of '''willow branches'''. Spread them thickly all over the fields and then stamp them underfoot. Let the soil dry completely under the sun and (then) irrigate the field. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
First, soak the seeds for three days. Then, put them in a '''''hocheon''''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''binseom''}} to drain. After one day, plant the seeds in the soil and cover them (with soil) using a  '''''panno'''''. {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''beonji''.) &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
When the seedlings have grown taller than the height of one's fist, they are able to be transplanted, First, plow the place where the seedlings will be transplanted. Then, spread the '''oak branches with leaves''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''gaeulcho''}} or '''cow or horse manure'''. When it is time to transplant the seedlings, plow again according to the method (mentioned previously) to make the soil loose and level, making it extremely '''soft'''. Plant four or five seedlings for each transplantation. Since they have not yet taken root, do not irrigate them deeply. {{Original Commentary|This method is convenient for weeding, in case of severe drought the crops will be lost, which is a matter of risk for the farm.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○ Though there are many varieties of rice, in general they are all alike. (However,) there is a special variety called '''''hando'''''. {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''mebyeo''.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Highlands and locations with sources of cold water are all appropriate (for this variety). However, if the soil is too dry, then this variety cannot grow. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Plow the soil in the first week&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;A lunar month has three weeks of 10 days each.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; of the second (lunar) month, then plow again between the first and second week of the third month. Then, make ridges.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
After finishing sowing by using the '''foot sowing''' method, stamp down the ridges, making them hard. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
When weeding, remove the soil around the sprouts to prevent them from being covered by soil. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If the soil is barren, mix (the seeds) with '''aged manure''' or '''ash and urine fertilizer''' and sow them. Alternatively, mix two parts '''''hando''''' seeds with two parts '''barnyard grass''' seeds and one part '''red beans''' and sow them. In general, this technique of mixing seeds and sowing them is (to prevent the loss of crops even in) years of flood or drought. As which of the '''nine grains''' will be appropriate for the following year's (weather conditions) differs, mixing seeds and sowing them helps prevent a total loss.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Glossary'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Footnote'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Further Reading'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Category:농사직설]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Jeeeun</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://dh.aks.ac.kr/~classics/wiki/index.php?title=NJ2018_Cultivating_Rice&amp;diff=2969</id>
		<title>NJ2018 Cultivating Rice</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://dh.aks.ac.kr/~classics/wiki/index.php?title=NJ2018_Cultivating_Rice&amp;diff=2969"/>
				<updated>2018-06-14T10:31:27Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Jeeeun: /* Korean Translation */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{NJ2018 TOC}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Contribution |contributor=Jeeeun Kwon |my contribution=Original Text and Korean Translation Editing}}{{Contribution |contributor=Lyndsey Twining |my contribution=English Translation Editing}}&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Original Script'''==&lt;br /&gt;
{|class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:70%&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;width:80%&amp;quot; | Text with Punctuation || style=&amp;quot;width:20%&amp;quot; | Text Image&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|種稻 {{원주|附 旱稻}}&lt;br /&gt;
稻種有早有晩。 耕種法有水耕【鄕名: 水沙彌】有乾耕【鄕名: 乾沙彌】, 又有揷種【鄕名: 苗種】。 除草之法, 則大抵皆同。&lt;br /&gt;
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○早稻:&lt;br /&gt;
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秋收後, 擇連水源肥膏水田,【凡水田, 上可以引水, 下可以決去。 旱則灌之, 雨則洩之者, 爲上。 洿下渟水處, 次之, 然久雨泥渾, 則苗腐。 高處須雨而耕者, 斯爲下矣。】 耕之。&lt;br /&gt;
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冬月入糞。【正月氷解, 耕之入糞。或入新土亦得。】&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
二月上旬又耕之。 以木斫【鄕名: 所訖羅】縱橫摩平, 復以鐵齒擺【鄕名: 手愁音】打破土塊令熟。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
先以稻種漬水, 經三日漉出, 納蒿篅中【鄕名: 空石】, 置溫處。 頻頻開視, 勿致鬱浥。&lt;br /&gt;
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芽長二分, 均撒水田中, 以板撈【鄕名: 翻地】或把撈【鄕名: 推介】覆種。 灌水驅鳥。【以苗生爲限】&lt;br /&gt;
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苗生二葉, 則去水, 以手耘。【苗弱, 不可用鋤。 然水渴土强, 則當用鋤。】&lt;br /&gt;
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去苗間細草, 訖又灌水。【每去水而耘, 耘訖灌之。 苗弱時宜淺, 苗强時宜深。】&lt;br /&gt;
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如川水連通, 雖旱不渴處, 則每耘訖決去水, 曝根二日, 後還灌水。【耐風與旱】&lt;br /&gt;
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苗長半尺許, 又耘以鋤。【苗强, 可以用鋤。】&lt;br /&gt;
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耘時, 以手挼軟苗間土面。 耘至三四度,【禾穀成長, 唯賴鋤功。 且旱稻性速, 不可小緩。】 將熟去水。【有水, 則熟遲。】&lt;br /&gt;
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早稻善零, 隨熟隨刈。&lt;br /&gt;
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○晩稻水耕:&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;正月氷解耕之。 入糞入土, 與旱稻法同。&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【今年入土, 則明年入糞或入雜草, 互爲之。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;其地或泥濘或虛浮或水冷, 則專入新土或莎土; 瘠薄, 則布牛馬糞及連枝杼葉&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【鄕名: 加乙草】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;,  人糞蠶沙亦佳。&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【但多得爲難】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; &amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;三月上旬至芒種節, 又耕之。&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【大抵節晩耕種者, 不實。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; &amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;漬種、下種、覆種、灌水、耘法, 皆與早稻法同。&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【六月望前三度耘者, 爲上。 六月內三度耘者, 次之。 不及此者爲下。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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○春旱不可水耕, 宜乾耕。&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【唯種晩稻】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; &amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;其法, 耕訖, 以檑木&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【鄕名: 古音波】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;打破土塊, 又以木斫&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【鄕名 所訖羅】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; 縱橫摩平, 熟治後, 以稻種一斗和熟糞或尿灰一石爲度&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【作尿灰法: 牛廏外, 作池貯尿, 以穀秸及糠秕之類, 燒爲灰, 用所貯池尿拌均。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;, 足種。 &amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;驅鳥。&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【以苗生爲限】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;苗未成長, 不可灌水。&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;雜草生, 則雖旱苗槀, 不可停鋤。&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【古語曰:「鋤頭自有百本禾。」 老農亦曰: 「苗知人功。」】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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○苗種法:&lt;br /&gt;
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擇水田, 雖遇旱不乾處。&lt;br /&gt;
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二月下旬至三月上旬可耕。 每水田十分, 以一分養苗, 餘九分以擬裁苗。 【拔苗訖, 幷裁養苗處。】&lt;br /&gt;
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先耕養苗處如法, 熟治去水, 剉柳枝軟梢厚布, 訖足踏之。&lt;br /&gt;
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曝土令乾, 後灌水。 先漬稻種三日, 漉入蒿篅【鄕名: 空石】。&lt;br /&gt;
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經一日下種, 後以板撈【鄕名: 翻地】覆種。&lt;br /&gt;
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苗長一握以上, 可移裁之。&lt;br /&gt;
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先耕苗種處, 布杼葉【鄕名: 加乙草】或牛馬糞。&lt;br /&gt;
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臨移裁時, 又耕之如法, 熟治, 令土極軟。&lt;br /&gt;
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每一科裁不過四五苗。&lt;br /&gt;
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根未着土, 灌水不可令深。【此法, 便於除草, 萬一大旱, 則失手, 農家之危事也。】&lt;br /&gt;
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○稻種甚多。大抵皆同, 別有一種, 曰旱稻【鄕名: 山稻】。&lt;br /&gt;
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徧宜於高地及水冷處, 然土大燥則不成。&lt;br /&gt;
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二月上旬耕之。 三月上旬至中旬, 又耕之, 作畝足種。訖踏畝背令堅。&lt;br /&gt;
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耘時, 去苗間土勿擁。地若瘠薄, 和熟糞或尿灰,種之。&lt;br /&gt;
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或旱稻二分、稷二分、小豆一分, 相和而種。【大抵雜種之術, 以歲有水旱。 九穀隨歲異宜, 故交種, 則不至全失。】。&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;td align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href=&amp;quot;http://digerati.aks.ac.kr/DhLab/2018/103/jpg/page-06-1.jpg&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;img src=&amp;quot;http://digerati.aks.ac.kr/DhLab/2018/103/thumb/page-06-1_xs.jpg&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;06&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/td&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;td align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href=&amp;quot;http://digerati.aks.ac.kr/DhLab/2018/103/jpg/page-07-1.jpg&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;img src=&amp;quot;http://digerati.aks.ac.kr/DhLab/2018/103/thumb/page-07-1_xs.jpg&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;07&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/td&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;td align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href=&amp;quot;http://digerati.aks.ac.kr/DhLab/2018/103/jpg/page-08-1.jpg&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;img src=&amp;quot;http://digerati.aks.ac.kr/DhLab/2018/103/thumb/page-08-1_xs.jpg&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;08&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/td&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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=='''Korean Translation'''==&lt;br /&gt;
'''벼 심고 키우기 {{원주|한도를 덧붙임}}'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
벼의 품종으로는 일찍 파종하는 '''올벼'''가 있고 늦게 파종하는 '''늦벼'''가 있다. 재배법으로는 '''수경법'''{{원주|향명 ''수사미''}}이 있고, '''건경법'''{{원주|향명 ''건사미''}}이 있고, 또한 '''삽종법'''{{원주|향명 묘종}}이 있다.{{원주|제초하는 방법은 대개 동일하다.}}&lt;br /&gt;
○ 올벼는 [재배하려면] 가을에 수확한 후에, 수원과 이어져 있는 비옥한 논{{원주|무릇 논은 위쪽에서는 물을 끌어올 수 있어야 하고, 아래쪽에서는 물을 빼낼 수 있어야 한다. 가물면 물을 대고, 비가 오면 물을 빼내는 논이 가장 좋다. 웅덩이에 물이 고이는 논이 그 다음이다. 그런데 오랜 비에 [논이] 진흙뻘이 되면 모가 썩는다. 높은 곳에 위치하면서 비만 기다려 농사짓는 논, 이것은 가장 나쁘다.}}을 골라서 간다. &lt;br /&gt;
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겨울철에 거름을 투입하고{{원주|정월에 얼음이 녹을 때 갈이를 하고 거름을 투입하거나 혹은 새로운 흙을 투입하는 것도 나쁘지는 않다.}}2월 상순에 다시 한 번 더 갈이를 한다. '''''목작'''''{{원주|향명 ''소흘라''}}로 [논을] 종횡으로 갈아 평평하게 만든 후, 다시 '''''철치파'''''{{원주|향명 ''수수음''}}로 흙덩이를 깨뜨려 부드럽게 만든다. &lt;br /&gt;
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파종에 앞서 '''볍씨'''를 물에 담가 3일이 지난 후에 건져 내어 '''''호천'''''{{원주|향명 ''빈섬''}}에 담아 따뜻한 곳에 보관하여 둔다. &lt;br /&gt;
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자주 열어 보아 [벼 종자가] 눅눅해지지 않도록 한다. &lt;br /&gt;
싹의 길이가 2'''푼'''(약 0.4cm) 쯤 자라면 논에다가 골고루 뿌리고 '''''판로'''''{{원주|향명 ''번지''}}혹은 '''''파로'''''로{{원주|향명 ''밀개''}}씨를 덮어주고 난 뒤에 물을 공급하고 [묘가 자랄 동안에 한해서] 새들이 접근하지 못하도록 한다.&lt;br /&gt;
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모에서 잎이 두 개가 나오면 물을 뺀다. 손으로 김을 매면서{{원주|모가 어리고 약하기 때문에 철로 된 ''호미''를 사용할 수 없지만 물이 말라 흙이 굳어진 상태에서는 마땅히 ''호미''를 써야 한다.}}모와 모 사이의 가느다란 잡초를 뽑고 다시 물을 투입한다. {{원주|매번 물을 빼고 김을 매고 다시 물을 공급하는데 묘가 약할 때에는 물을 얕게, 강할 때에는 깊게 공급한다.}}개천과 같이 물을 연속적으로 공급할 수 있어서 가뭄이 들어도 물이 마르지 않는 곳은 김을 맨 후에 물을 빼고 뿌리까지 햇볕을 쬘 수 있도록 하고 2일 후에 다시 물을 관개한다. {{원주|바람과 가뭄에 강하게 견디어 낼 수 있도록 하기 위함이다.}}&lt;br /&gt;
모의 길이가 반 '''자'''쯤 될 정도로 자라면 또 김을 매는데 '''''호미'''''를 가지고 한다.{{원주|모가 이미 강해져서 호미를 사용해도 되기 때문이다.}}김을 맬 때는 모 사이의 흙을 손으로 만져서 부드럽게 만들고, 김매기는 3~4번 하며 [벼의 성장은] 오직 김매기에 달려 있다.&lt;br /&gt;
게다가 올벼의 성질은 빨리 자라므로 [김매기를] 조금이라도 늦춰서는 안 된다. [벼가] 익을 무렵이 되면 물을 뺀다.{{원주|물이 있으면 [벼가] 익는 게 지체된다.}}벼는 잘 떨어지므로 익는 즉시 벤다.&lt;br /&gt;
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○'''늦벼'''의 '''수경'''&lt;br /&gt;
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'''정월'''에 얼음이 녹을 때 간다. '''거름'''을 넣거나 흙을 넣는 것은 '''올벼''' 재배법과 동일하다. {{원주|올해 흙을 넣었다면 내년에는 거름을 넣거나 잡초를 넣는 방식으로 교대한다.}}흙이 진흙투성이거나 푸석푸석하거나 찬물 기운이 있다면 완전히 새 흙이나 '''사토'''를 채워 넣는다. [토질이] 척박하다면 소똥, 말똥 및 가지에 달린 '''갈잎'''{{원주|향명 ''가을초''}}을 깔아주는데, '''인분''', '''누에똥잠사'''도 좋다.{{원주|다만 많이 구하는 것이 어렵다.}}'''3월 상순'''에서 '''''망종''''' 사이에 다시 간다. {{원주|대체로 망종보다 늦게 갈고 파종하면 [수확이] 부실하다.}}종자 담그기, 파종하기, 종자 덮기, 물대기, 김매기 방법은 모두 '''올벼''' 재배법과 동일하다.{{원주|'''6월 보름''' 이전에 3번 김매는 것이 가장 좋다. 6월 이내에 3번 김매는 것이 그 다음이다. 여기에도 미치지 못하는 것은 가장 나쁘다.}}&lt;br /&gt;
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○ 봄철에 가뭄이 들면 '''수경'''을 할 것이 아니라, '''건경'''을 해야 한다.{{원주|이 경우에는 오직 '''늦벼'''만 심는다.}}그 방법으로는 [먼저 논을] 간 다음 '''''뇌목'''''{{원주|향명 ''고음파''}}으로 흙덩이를 깨뜨리고, 다시 '''''목작'''''{{원주|향명 ''소흘라''}}으로 [논을] 종횡으로 갈아 평평하게 고른다. '''숙치''' 후, 볍씨 1'''''말'''''에 잘 삭힌 '''거름''' 혹은 '''요회'''를 섞고,{{원주|요회 만드는 법: 외양간 바깥에 웅덩이를 만들어 오줌을 저장한다. '''볏짚''', '''겨''', '''쭉정이''' 따위를 태워 만든 재를 웅덩이에 저장한 오줌과 잘 섞는다.}}'''''족종''''' 방식&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;역주&amp;quot;&amp;gt;왼발 뒤꿈치로 흙을 밟아 누르면서 종자를 뿌리고, 오른발로 흙을 덮어 주는 파종 방식. &amp;quot;[http://encysillok.aks.ac.kr/Contents/index?Contents_id=00000273 건경]&amp;quot;, 『조선왕조실록사전』, 한국학중앙연구원.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;으로 파종한다. [파종한 다음에는] 새를 쫓는다.{{원주|모가 자랄 때까지 한다.}}모가 클 때까지는 물을 대서는 안 된다. 잡초가 자라는 경우에는 가물고 모가 마른 상태이더라도 김매기를 쉬어서는 안 된다.{{원주|옛말에 '호미 머리에 이삭 백 줄기가 달려있다'고 했고, 늙은 농부들도 말하기를 '모는 사람의 공을 알아준다'고 했다.}}&lt;br /&gt;
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○'''묘종법'''&lt;br /&gt;
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'''모내기'''로 재배하는 방법은 물이 있는 논을 갈되 비록 가물어도 마르지 않는 곳이어야 한다. '''2월 하순'''부터 '''3월 상순'''까지 사이에 갈 수 있으며 논마다 10분의 1은 모를 기르고 나머지 10분의 9는 모를 심도록 헤아린다.{{원주|모를 뽑고 나면 못자리에도 아울러 모를 심는다.}}&lt;br /&gt;
먼저 못자리로 할 곳을 갈아 방법대로 잘 다스리고 물을 뺀 다음 '''연한 버들가지'''를 잘게 썰어서 두껍게 편 다음 발로 밟아 넣고 흙을 볕에 쪼여 말린 후에 물을 댄다. 우선 '''볍씨'''를 3일 동안 담갔다가 걸러내서 '''''호천'''''{{원주|향명 ''빈섬''}}에 넣고, 하루 뒤에 파종한 다음 '''''판로'''''{{원주|향명 ''번지''}}로 볍씨를 덮는다. &lt;br /&gt;
모가 한 줌 이상 자라서 옮겨 심을 수 있게 되면, 먼저 모를 심을 곳을 간 다음에 '''갈잎'''{{원주|향명 ''가을초''}}이나 '''소똥․말똥'''을 깐다. 모를 옮겨 심을 무렵에 다시 농법대로 갈되 흙이 아주 부드럽게 되도록 잘 간다. [옮겨 심는] 1'''''과''''' 당 4~5모가 넘지 않도록 하고, 흙에 착근되지 못했을 경우에는 너무 깊게 물을 대서는 안 된다.{{원주|이 방법은 제초에는 편리하지만, 만의 하나 크게 가물면 실수하게 되니, 농가의 위기이다.}}&lt;br /&gt;
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○벼의 품종은 아주 많지만 대체로 모두 동일하다. 하지만 특별한 품종이 있으니 '''''한도'''''{{원주|향명 ''메벼''}}라고 부른다. &lt;br /&gt;
높은 지대의 토지나 찬물 기운이 있는 토지에도 두루 적합하다. 하지만 토지가 너무 건조하면 자라지 않는다. &lt;br /&gt;
'''2 월 상순'''에 갈고, 다시 '''3 월 상순'''에서 '''중순''' 사이에 갈아서 '''이랑'''을 만든다. &lt;br /&gt;
'''발로 밟으면서 파종'''한 후에는 '''이랑''' 등을 밟아 단단하게 만든다. 김을 맬 때는 모 사이의 흙을 제거하여 흙으로 [모를] 덮지 않도록 한다.만약 척박하다면 [볍씨를] 잘 삭힌 '''거름''' 혹은 '''뇨회'''와 섞어 심는다.&lt;br /&gt;
또는 '''''한도''''' 2 '''푼'''․'''찰기장''' 2 '''푼'''․'''팥''' 1 '''푼'''을 섞어서 심는다.{{원주|대체로 여러 종자를 섞어서 심는 방식은 해에 따라 홍수․가뭄이 있고 '''9곡'''도 해에 따라 적합한 것이 다르므로, 혼합하여 심게 되면 농사를 완전히 망치지는 않게 되기 때문이다.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''English Translation'''==&lt;br /&gt;
'''Cultivating Rice {{Original Commentary|Including Upland Rice}}'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There are '''early-sowing varieties''' and '''late-sowing varieties'''. As for cultivation and sowing methods, there are '''wet farming''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''musalmi''}}, '''dry farming''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''mareunsami''}}, and '''transplanting seedlings''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''myojong''}}. The weeding method is generally the same for all varieties. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○ For the '''early-sowing variety''', after the autumn harvest, choose the most fertile '''wet fields''' with an accessible source of water {{Original Commentary|In general, '''terraced paddy field'''s should be irrigated from above and drained below. The best (fields) are those that can be irrigated during droughts and drained during the rain. The second (best) are those where still water collects on the '''low ground'''. However, long rains may make the water sludgy and turbid, causing the seedlings to rot. The worst are those on '''high ground''' where farming is only possible when it rains.}} and plow them. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In the winter months, apply '''manure''' (onto the fields). {{Original Commentary|When the (spring) thaw occurs in the first (lunar) month, plow the fields and apply '''manure''', or alternatively, bring in new soil.}} Then, plow again in the first week&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;A lunar month has three weeks of 10 days each.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; of the second month. With a '''''mokchak''''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''soheulla''}}, harrow the soil lengthwise and breadthwise. Then again, with a '''''cheolchipa''''' {{Original Commentary|commonly called ''susueum''}}, break up the clods of soil to make it '''ready''' (for planting).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Before sowing the seeds, soak them in water.  After three days, take them out to drain, put them inside a '''''hocheon''''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''binseom'' or ''gongseom''}}, and store in a '''warm place'''. Frequently open (the ''hocheon'')] and check (the seeds), making sure they do not become damp and smelly. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
When the sprouts become two '''''bun''''' &amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Two ''bun'' is approx. 0.4 cm&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; long, place them evenly in the '''paddies''' and cover the them (with soil) using a '''''pallo''''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''beonji''}} or a '''''paro''''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''chugae'' or ''milgae''.}} Then, irrigate the fields and keep the birds out (until the seedlings grow). &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
When the seedlings sprout two leaves, drain the water (from the paddy). After completely removing by hand (the tiny weeds) {{Original Commentary|The seedlings are fragile so a '''''homi''''' cannot be used. However, if the water evaporates and the soil firms up, a ''homi'' should be used.}} between the seedlings, irrigate again. {{Original Commentary|Drain the water each time before weeding. Once weeding is complete, irrigate it. While the seedlings are still young and fragile, irrigate lightly, and when the seedlings are mature and strong, irrigate heavily.}} If the field has a constant source of water such as a stream, so that it does not dry out even in drought, then every time weeding is completed, drain the water, and expose the base (of the plant) to the sunlight. After two days, restart irrigation {{Original Commentary|so (the plants) withstand wind and drought}}. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
When the seedlings grow to about half a '''''cheok'''''&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Half a ''cheok'' is approx. 10 cm&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;, weed again with a '''''homi''''' {{Original Commentary|The seedlings are firmly rooted, so using a ''homi'' is allowed.}} When weeding, use your hands to gently rub the soil surface between the seedlings. Weed up to three or four times. {{Original Commentary|The growth of the plants depends solely on weeding. Moreover, the '''early-sowing variety''' grows quickly by nature, so the slightest delay in weeding is not allowed.}} When the plant is about to ripen, drain the water. {{Original Commentary|If the water remains, it delays the ripening.}} &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The grain of '''early-sowing varieties''' is prone to drop (from the ear), so harvest it as soon as it is ripe.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○ For '''wet farming''' of '''late-sowing varieties''': &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Plow the fields when the (spring) thaw occurs in the '''first (lunar) month'''. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
As for applying manure and bringing in new soil, follow the same method prescribed for the '''early-sowing varieties'''. {{Original Commentary|If new soil is brought in this year, then apply '''manure''' or spread '''weeds''' the following year, and alternate them.}} If the soil is muddy or crumbly, or the subsoil water is cold, then bring in new soil or sod. If the soil is infertile and barren, then spread '''cattle and horse manure''' and '''oak stems with leaves''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is  ''gaeulcho''.}}. '''Night soil''' and '''silkworm droppings''' are also good. {{Original Commentary|But they are difficult to procure in large amounts.}} &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
During the period between the '''first week&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;A lunar month has three weeks of 10 days each.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; of the third month''' and  '''''Grain in Ear'''''&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Grain in Ear,&amp;quot; or ''Mangjong'',  refers to a solar term which usually falls at the beginning of the fifth lunar month.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;, plow the fields again (and sow the seeds). {{Original Commentary|In general, plowing and sowing after ''Grain in Ear'' brings poor harvest.}} &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Soaking seeds, sowing seeds, covering seeds, irrigating water, and weeding methods are all the same as for '''early-sowing varieties'''. {{Original Commentary|Weeding three times by the '''middle of the sixth month''' is best. Weeding three times by the (end of) the sixth month is the second best. Not doing even this amount of weeding is the worst.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○ If a drought occurs in spring, (thus making) it impossible to practice '''wet farming''', one should practice '''dry farming'''. {{Original Commentary|(In this case), sow only the '''late-sowing varieties'''.}} &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The method is as follows: &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
After plowing, break the clods with '''''noemok''''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''goeumpa''}}, and harrow the fields with a '''''mokjak'''''. {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''soheulla''.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
After preparing the soil in this way, mix one '''''mal''''' &amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;One ''mal is approx. 18 liters&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; of rice with one '''''seom''''' &amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;One ''seom'' is approx. 180 liters&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; of '''aged manure''' or a '''mixture of urine and ash'''. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Original Commentary|'''Urine and ash fertilizer''' making method: Dig a small '''pool''' outside the '''cow stable''' to store '''urine'''. Burn '''stalks''', '''bran''', '''chaff''' and the like into ashes, and mix it with the urine from the '''pool''')}} &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Plant (the seeds) using the '''foot sowing''' method.&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;In the &amp;quot;foot sowing&amp;quot; method, a farmer leaves a depressed hole in the soil, using his/her left heel, to throw a seed into the hole. Then, with right foot, dirt is thrown back into the hole to cover the seed.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; (After sowing,) (continue to) keep the birds away {{Original Commentary|until the seedlings start to grow}}. Do not irrigate the field until the seedlings grow enough. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If weeds grow, do not cease weeding (with a ''homi''), even if there is a drought and the seedlings wither. {{Original Commentary|There is an old saying that &amp;quot;A hundred rice plants depend on the head of a ''homi''.&amp;quot; Old farmers also said, &amp;quot;Seedlings appreciate a man's efforts (at weeding).&amp;quot;}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○ Transplanting Method:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Select '''wet fields''' where the seedlings will not become dry, even in the case of a drought. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Plowing should be done between the last week&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;A lunar month has three weeks of 10 days each.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; of the second (lunar) month and the first week of the third month. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Each '''paddy field''' is divided into ten parts: One part is for raising the seedlings and the other nine parts are for (transplanting) the seedlings. {{Original Commentary|When the seedlings have completely been picked (and transplanted into the other nine parts), also transplant them into the part where the seedlings were raised.}} &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
First, plow the section where the seedlings will be grown according to the plowing method (mentioned previously), make the soil soft and levelled, and drain the water. Chop the soft ends of '''willow branches'''. Spread them thickly all over the fields and then stamp them underfoot. Let the soil dry completely under the sun and (then) irrigate the field. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
First, soak the seeds for three days. Then, put them in a '''''hocheon''''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''binseom''}} to drain. After one day, plant the seeds in the soil and cover them (with soil) using a  '''''panno'''''. {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''beonji''.) &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
When the seedlings have grown taller than the height of one's fist, they are able to be transplanted, First, plow the place where the seedlings will be transplanted. Then, spread the '''oak branches with leaves''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''gaeulcho''}} or '''cow or horse manure'''. When it is time to transplant the seedlings, plow again according to the method (mentioned previously) to make the soil loose and level, making it extremely '''soft'''. Plant four or five seedlings for each transplantation. Since they have not yet taken root, do not irrigate them deeply. {{Original Commentary|This method is convenient for weeding, in case of severe drought the crops will be lost, which is a matter of risk for the farm.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○ Though there are many varieties of rice, in general they are all alike. (However,) there is a special variety called '''''hando'''''. {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''mebyeo''.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Highlands and locations with sources of cold water are all appropriate (for this variety). However, if the soil is too dry, then this variety cannot grow. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Plow the soil in the first week&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;A lunar month has three weeks of 10 days each.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; of the second (lunar) month, then plow again between the first and second week of the third month. Then, make ridges.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
After finishing sowing by using the '''foot sowing''' method, stamp down the ridges, making them hard. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
When weeding, remove the soil around the sprouts to prevent them from being covered by soil. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If the soil is barren, mix (the seeds) with '''aged manure''' or '''ash and urine fertilizer''' and sow them. Alternatively, mix two parts '''''hando''''' seeds with two parts '''barnyard grass''' seeds and one part '''red beans''' and sow them. In general, this technique of mixing seeds and sowing them is (to prevent the loss of crops even in) years of flood or drought. As which of the '''nine grains''' will be appropriate for the following year's (weather conditions) differs, mixing seeds and sowing them helps prevent a total loss.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Glossary'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Footnote'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Further Reading'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:농사직설]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Jeeeun</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://dh.aks.ac.kr/~classics/wiki/index.php?title=NJ2018_Cultivating_Rice&amp;diff=2968</id>
		<title>NJ2018 Cultivating Rice</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://dh.aks.ac.kr/~classics/wiki/index.php?title=NJ2018_Cultivating_Rice&amp;diff=2968"/>
				<updated>2018-06-14T10:30:47Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Jeeeun: /* Original Script */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{NJ2018 TOC}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Contribution |contributor=Jeeeun Kwon |my contribution=Original Text and Korean Translation Editing}}{{Contribution |contributor=Lyndsey Twining |my contribution=English Translation Editing}}&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Original Script'''==&lt;br /&gt;
{|class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:70%&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;width:80%&amp;quot; | Text with Punctuation || style=&amp;quot;width:20%&amp;quot; | Text Image&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|種稻 {{원주|附 旱稻}}&lt;br /&gt;
稻種有早有晩。 耕種法有水耕【鄕名: 水沙彌】有乾耕【鄕名: 乾沙彌】, 又有揷種【鄕名: 苗種】。 除草之法, 則大抵皆同。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○早稻:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
秋收後, 擇連水源肥膏水田,【凡水田, 上可以引水, 下可以決去。 旱則灌之, 雨則洩之者, 爲上。 洿下渟水處, 次之, 然久雨泥渾, 則苗腐。 高處須雨而耕者, 斯爲下矣。】 耕之。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
冬月入糞。【正月氷解, 耕之入糞。或入新土亦得。】&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
二月上旬又耕之。 以木斫【鄕名: 所訖羅】縱橫摩平, 復以鐵齒擺【鄕名: 手愁音】打破土塊令熟。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
先以稻種漬水, 經三日漉出, 納蒿篅中【鄕名: 空石】, 置溫處。 頻頻開視, 勿致鬱浥。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
芽長二分, 均撒水田中, 以板撈【鄕名: 翻地】或把撈【鄕名: 推介】覆種。 灌水驅鳥。【以苗生爲限】&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
苗生二葉, 則去水, 以手耘。【苗弱, 不可用鋤。 然水渴土强, 則當用鋤。】&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
去苗間細草, 訖又灌水。【每去水而耘, 耘訖灌之。 苗弱時宜淺, 苗强時宜深。】&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
如川水連通, 雖旱不渴處, 則每耘訖決去水, 曝根二日, 後還灌水。【耐風與旱】&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
苗長半尺許, 又耘以鋤。【苗强, 可以用鋤。】&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
耘時, 以手挼軟苗間土面。 耘至三四度,【禾穀成長, 唯賴鋤功。 且旱稻性速, 不可小緩。】 將熟去水。【有水, 則熟遲。】&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
早稻善零, 隨熟隨刈。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○晩稻水耕:&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;正月氷解耕之。 入糞入土, 與旱稻法同。&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【今年入土, 則明年入糞或入雜草, 互爲之。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;其地或泥濘或虛浮或水冷, 則專入新土或莎土; 瘠薄, 則布牛馬糞及連枝杼葉&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【鄕名: 加乙草】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;,  人糞蠶沙亦佳。&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【但多得爲難】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; &amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;三月上旬至芒種節, 又耕之。&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【大抵節晩耕種者, 不實。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; &amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;漬種、下種、覆種、灌水、耘法, 皆與早稻法同。&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【六月望前三度耘者, 爲上。 六月內三度耘者, 次之。 不及此者爲下。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○春旱不可水耕, 宜乾耕。&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【唯種晩稻】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; &amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;其法, 耕訖, 以檑木&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【鄕名: 古音波】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;打破土塊, 又以木斫&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【鄕名 所訖羅】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; 縱橫摩平, 熟治後, 以稻種一斗和熟糞或尿灰一石爲度&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【作尿灰法: 牛廏外, 作池貯尿, 以穀秸及糠秕之類, 燒爲灰, 用所貯池尿拌均。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;, 足種。 &amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;驅鳥。&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【以苗生爲限】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;苗未成長, 不可灌水。&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;雜草生, 則雖旱苗槀, 不可停鋤。&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【古語曰:「鋤頭自有百本禾。」 老農亦曰: 「苗知人功。」】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○苗種法:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
擇水田, 雖遇旱不乾處。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
二月下旬至三月上旬可耕。 每水田十分, 以一分養苗, 餘九分以擬裁苗。 【拔苗訖, 幷裁養苗處。】&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
先耕養苗處如法, 熟治去水, 剉柳枝軟梢厚布, 訖足踏之。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
曝土令乾, 後灌水。 先漬稻種三日, 漉入蒿篅【鄕名: 空石】。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
經一日下種, 後以板撈【鄕名: 翻地】覆種。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
苗長一握以上, 可移裁之。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
先耕苗種處, 布杼葉【鄕名: 加乙草】或牛馬糞。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
臨移裁時, 又耕之如法, 熟治, 令土極軟。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
每一科裁不過四五苗。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
根未着土, 灌水不可令深。【此法, 便於除草, 萬一大旱, 則失手, 農家之危事也。】&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○稻種甚多。大抵皆同, 別有一種, 曰旱稻【鄕名: 山稻】。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
徧宜於高地及水冷處, 然土大燥則不成。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
二月上旬耕之。 三月上旬至中旬, 又耕之, 作畝足種。訖踏畝背令堅。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
耘時, 去苗間土勿擁。地若瘠薄, 和熟糞或尿灰,種之。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
或旱稻二分、稷二分、小豆一分, 相和而種。【大抵雜種之術, 以歲有水旱。 九穀隨歲異宜, 故交種, 則不至全失。】。&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;td align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href=&amp;quot;http://digerati.aks.ac.kr/DhLab/2018/103/jpg/page-06-1.jpg&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;img src=&amp;quot;http://digerati.aks.ac.kr/DhLab/2018/103/thumb/page-06-1_xs.jpg&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;06&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/td&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;td align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href=&amp;quot;http://digerati.aks.ac.kr/DhLab/2018/103/jpg/page-07-1.jpg&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;img src=&amp;quot;http://digerati.aks.ac.kr/DhLab/2018/103/thumb/page-07-1_xs.jpg&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;07&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/td&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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|}&lt;br /&gt;
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=='''Korean Translation'''==&lt;br /&gt;
'''벼 심고 키우기 {{원주|한도를 덧붙임}}'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
벼의 품종으로는 일찍 파종하는 '''올벼'''가 있고 늦게 파종하는 '''늦벼'''가 있다. 재배법으로는 '''수경법'''{{원주|향명 ''수사미''}}이 있고, '''건경법'''{{원주|향명 ''건사미''}}이 있고, 또한 '''삽종법'''{{원주|향명 묘종}}이 있다.{{원주|제초하는 방법은 대개 동일하다.}}&lt;br /&gt;
○ 올벼는 [재배하려면] 가을에 수확한 후에, 수원과 이어져 있는 비옥한 논{{원주|무릇 논은 위쪽에서는 물을 끌어올 수 있어야 하고, 아래쪽에서는 물을 빼낼 수 있어야 한다. 가물면 물을 대고, 비가 오면 물을 빼내는 논이 가장 좋다. 웅덩이에 물이 고이는 논이 그 다음이다. 그런데 오랜 비에 [논이] 진흙뻘이 되면 모가 썩는다. 높은 곳에 위치하면서 비만 기다려 농사짓는 논, 이것은 가장 나쁘다.}}을 골라서 간다. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
겨울철에 거름을 투입하고{{원주|정월에 얼음이 녹을 때 갈이를 하고 거름을 투입하거나 혹은 새로운 흙을 투입하는 것도 나쁘지는 않다.}}2월 상순에 다시 한 번 더 갈이를 한다. '''''목작'''''{{원주|향명 ''소흘라''}}로 [논을] 종횡으로 갈아 평평하게 만든 후, 다시 '''''철치파'''''{{원주|향명 ''수수음''}}로 흙덩이를 깨뜨려 부드럽게 만든다. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
파종에 앞서 '''볍씨'''를 물에 담가 3일이 지난 후에 건져 내어 '''''호천'''''{{원주|향명 ''빈섬''}}에 담아 따뜻한 곳에 보관하여 둔다. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
자주 열어 보아 [벼 종자가] 눅눅해지지 않도록 한다. &lt;br /&gt;
싹의 길이가 2'''푼'''(약 0.4cm) 쯤 자라면 논에다가 골고루 뿌리고 '''''판로'''''{{원주|향명 ''번지''}}혹은 '''''파로'''''로{{원주|향명 ''밀개''}}씨를 덮어주고 난 뒤에 물을 공급하고 [묘가 자랄 동안에 한해서] 새들이 접근하지 못하도록 한다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
모에서 잎이 두 개가 나오면 물을 뺀다. 손으로 김을 매면서{{원주|모가 어리고 약하기 때문에 철로 된 ''호미''를 사용할 수 없지만 물이 말라 흙이 굳어진 상태에서는 마땅히 ''호미''를 써야 한다.}}모와 모 사이의 가느다란 잡초를 뽑고 다시 물을 투입한다. {{원주|매번 물을 빼고 김을 매고 다시 물을 공급하는데 묘가 약할 때에는 물을 얕게, 강할 때에는 깊게 공급한다.}}개천과 같이 물을 연속적으로 공급할 수 있어서 가뭄이 들어도 물이 마르지 않는 곳은 김을 맨 후에 물을 빼고 뿌리까지 햇볕을 쬘 수 있도록 하고 2일 후에 다시 물을 관개한다. {{원주|바람과 가뭄에 강하게 견디어 낼 수 있도록 하기 위함이다.}}&lt;br /&gt;
모의 길이가 반 '''자'''쯤 될 정도로 자라면 또 김을 매는데 '''''호미'''''를 가지고 한다.{{원주|모가 이미 강해져서 호미를 사용해도 되기 때문이다.}}김을 맬 때는 모 사이의 흙을 손으로 만져서 부드럽게 만들고, 김매기는 3~4번 하며 [벼의 성장은] 오직 김매기에 달려 있다.&lt;br /&gt;
게다가 올벼의 성질은 빨리 자라므로 [김매기를] 조금이라도 늦춰서는 안 된다. [벼가] 익을 무렵이 되면 물을 뺀다.{{원주|물이 있으면 [벼가] 익는 게 지체된다.}}벼는 잘 떨어지므로 익는 즉시 벤다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○'''늦벼'''의 '''수경'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''정월'''에 얼음이 녹을 때 간다. '''거름'''을 넣거나 흙을 넣는 것은 '''올벼''' 재배법과 동일하다. {{원주|올해 흙을 넣었다면 내년에는 거름을 넣거나 잡초를 넣는 방식으로 교대한다.}}흙이 진흙투성이거나 푸석푸석하거나 찬물 기운이 있다면 완전히 새 흙이나 '''사토'''를 채워 넣는다. [토질이] 척박하다면 소똥, 말똥 및 가지에 달린 '''갈잎'''{{원주|향명 ''가을초''}}을 깔아주는데, '''인분''', '''누에똥잠사'''도 좋다.{{원주|다만 많이 구하는 것이 어렵다.}}'''3월 상순'''에서 '''''망종''''' 사이에 다시 간다. {{원주|대체로 망종보다 늦게 갈고 파종하면 [수확이] 부실하다.}}종자 담그기, 파종하기, 종자 덮기, 물대기, 김매기 방법은 모두 '''올벼''' 재배법과 동일하다.{{원주|'''6월 보름''' 이전에 3번 김매는 것이 가장 좋다. 6월 이내에 3번 김매는 것이 그 다음이다. 여기에도 미치지 못하는 것은 가장 나쁘다.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○ 봄철에 가뭄이 들면 '''수경'''을 할 것이 아니라, '''건경'''을 해야 한다.{{원주|이 경우에는 오직 '''늦벼'''만 심는다.}}그 방법으로는 [먼저 논을] 간 다음 '''''뇌목'''''{{원주|향명 ''고음파''}}으로 흙덩이를 깨뜨리고, 다시 '''''목작'''''{{원주|향명 ''소흘라''}}으로 [논을] 종횡으로 갈아 평평하게 고른다. '''숙치''' 후, 볍씨 1'''''말'''''에 잘 삭힌 '''거름''' 혹은 '''요회'''를 섞고,{{원주|요회 만드는 법: 외양간 바깥에 웅덩이를 만들어 오줌을 저장한다. '''볏짚''', '''겨''', '''쭉정이''' 따위를 태워 만든 재를 웅덩이에 저장한 오줌과 잘 섞는다.}}'''''족종''''' 방식&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;역주&amp;quot;&amp;gt;왼발 뒤꿈치로 흙을 밟아 누르면서 종자를 뿌리고, 오른발로 흙을 덮어 주는 파종 방식. &amp;quot;[http://encysillok.aks.ac.kr/Contents/index?Contents_id=00000273 건경]&amp;quot;, 『조선왕조실록사전』, 한국학중앙연구원.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;으로 파종한다. [파종한 다음에는] 새를 쫓는다.{{원주|모가 자랄 때까지 한다.}}모가 클 때까지는 물을 대서는 안 된다. 잡초가 자라는 경우에는 가물고 모가 마른 상태이더라도 김매기를 쉬어서는 안 된다.{{원주|옛말에 '호미 머리에 이삭 백 줄기가 달려있다'고 했고, 늙은 농부들도 말하기를 '모는 사람의 공을 알아준다'고 했다.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○'''묘종법'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''모내기'''로 재배하는 방법은 물이 있는 논을 갈되 비록 가물어도 마르지 않는 곳이어야 한다. '''2월 하순'''부터 '''3월 상순'''까지 사이에 갈 수 있으며 논마다 10분의 1은 모를 기르고 나머지 10분의 9는 모를 심도록 헤아린다.{{원주|모를 뽑고 나면 못자리에도 아울러 모를 심는다.}}&lt;br /&gt;
먼저 못자리로 할 곳을 갈아 방법대로 잘 다스리고 물을 뺀 다음 '''연한 버들가지'''를 잘게 썰어서 두껍게 편 다음 발로 밟아 넣고 흙을 볕에 쪼여 말린 후에 물을 댄다. 우선 '''볍씨'''를 3일 동안 담갔다가 걸러내서 '''''호천'''''{{원주|향명 ''빈섬''}}에 넣고, 하루 뒤에 파종한 다음 '''''판로'''''{{원주|향명 ''번지''}}로 볍씨를 덮는다. &lt;br /&gt;
모가 한 줌 이상 자라서 옮겨 심을 수 있게 되면, 먼저 모를 심을 곳을 간 다음에 '''갈잎'''{{원주|향명 ''가을초''}}이나 '''소똥․말똥'''을 깐다. 모를 옮겨 심을 무렵에 다시 농법대로 갈되 흙이 아주 부드럽게 되도록 잘 간다. [옮겨 심는] 1'''''과''''' 당 4~5모가 넘지 않도록 하고, 흙에 착근되지 못했을 경우에는 너무 깊게 물을 대서는 안 된다.{{원주|이 방법은 제초에는 편리하지만, 만의 하나 크게 가물면 실수하게 되니, 농가의 위기이다.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''메벼 재배법'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
벼의 품종은 아주 많지만 대체로 모두 동일하다. 하지만 특별한 품종이 있으니 '''''한도'''''{{원주|향명 ''메벼''}}라고 부른다. &lt;br /&gt;
높은 지대의 토지나 찬물 기운이 있는 토지에도 두루 적합하다. 하지만 토지가 너무 건조하면 자라지 않는다. &lt;br /&gt;
'''2 월 상순'''에 갈고, 다시 '''3 월 상순'''에서 '''중순''' 사이에 갈아서 '''이랑'''을 만든다. &lt;br /&gt;
'''발로 밟으면서 파종'''한 후에는 '''이랑''' 등을 밟아 단단하게 만든다. 김을 맬 때는 모 사이의 흙을 제거하여 흙으로 [모를] 덮지 않도록 한다.만약 척박하다면 [볍씨를] 잘 삭힌 '''거름''' 혹은 '''뇨회'''와 섞어 심는다.&lt;br /&gt;
또는 '''''한도''''' 2 '''푼'''․'''찰기장''' 2 '''푼'''․'''팥''' 1 '''푼'''을 섞어서 심는다.{{원주|대체로 여러 종자를 섞어서 심는 방식은 해에 따라 홍수․가뭄이 있고 '''9곡'''도 해에 따라 적합한 것이 다르므로, 혼합하여 심게 되면 농사를 완전히 망치지는 않게 되기 때문이다.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''English Translation'''==&lt;br /&gt;
'''Cultivating Rice {{Original Commentary|Including Upland Rice}}'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There are '''early-sowing varieties''' and '''late-sowing varieties'''. As for cultivation and sowing methods, there are '''wet farming''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''musalmi''}}, '''dry farming''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''mareunsami''}}, and '''transplanting seedlings''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''myojong''}}. The weeding method is generally the same for all varieties. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○ For the '''early-sowing variety''', after the autumn harvest, choose the most fertile '''wet fields''' with an accessible source of water {{Original Commentary|In general, '''terraced paddy field'''s should be irrigated from above and drained below. The best (fields) are those that can be irrigated during droughts and drained during the rain. The second (best) are those where still water collects on the '''low ground'''. However, long rains may make the water sludgy and turbid, causing the seedlings to rot. The worst are those on '''high ground''' where farming is only possible when it rains.}} and plow them. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In the winter months, apply '''manure''' (onto the fields). {{Original Commentary|When the (spring) thaw occurs in the first (lunar) month, plow the fields and apply '''manure''', or alternatively, bring in new soil.}} Then, plow again in the first week&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;A lunar month has three weeks of 10 days each.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; of the second month. With a '''''mokchak''''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''soheulla''}}, harrow the soil lengthwise and breadthwise. Then again, with a '''''cheolchipa''''' {{Original Commentary|commonly called ''susueum''}}, break up the clods of soil to make it '''ready''' (for planting).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Before sowing the seeds, soak them in water.  After three days, take them out to drain, put them inside a '''''hocheon''''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''binseom'' or ''gongseom''}}, and store in a '''warm place'''. Frequently open (the ''hocheon'')] and check (the seeds), making sure they do not become damp and smelly. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
When the sprouts become two '''''bun''''' &amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Two ''bun'' is approx. 0.4 cm&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; long, place them evenly in the '''paddies''' and cover the them (with soil) using a '''''pallo''''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''beonji''}} or a '''''paro''''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''chugae'' or ''milgae''.}} Then, irrigate the fields and keep the birds out (until the seedlings grow). &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
When the seedlings sprout two leaves, drain the water (from the paddy). After completely removing by hand (the tiny weeds) {{Original Commentary|The seedlings are fragile so a '''''homi''''' cannot be used. However, if the water evaporates and the soil firms up, a ''homi'' should be used.}} between the seedlings, irrigate again. {{Original Commentary|Drain the water each time before weeding. Once weeding is complete, irrigate it. While the seedlings are still young and fragile, irrigate lightly, and when the seedlings are mature and strong, irrigate heavily.}} If the field has a constant source of water such as a stream, so that it does not dry out even in drought, then every time weeding is completed, drain the water, and expose the base (of the plant) to the sunlight. After two days, restart irrigation {{Original Commentary|so (the plants) withstand wind and drought}}. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
When the seedlings grow to about half a '''''cheok'''''&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Half a ''cheok'' is approx. 10 cm&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;, weed again with a '''''homi''''' {{Original Commentary|The seedlings are firmly rooted, so using a ''homi'' is allowed.}} When weeding, use your hands to gently rub the soil surface between the seedlings. Weed up to three or four times. {{Original Commentary|The growth of the plants depends solely on weeding. Moreover, the '''early-sowing variety''' grows quickly by nature, so the slightest delay in weeding is not allowed.}} When the plant is about to ripen, drain the water. {{Original Commentary|If the water remains, it delays the ripening.}} &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The grain of '''early-sowing varieties''' is prone to drop (from the ear), so harvest it as soon as it is ripe.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○ For '''wet farming''' of '''late-sowing varieties''': &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Plow the fields when the (spring) thaw occurs in the '''first (lunar) month'''. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
As for applying manure and bringing in new soil, follow the same method prescribed for the '''early-sowing varieties'''. {{Original Commentary|If new soil is brought in this year, then apply '''manure''' or spread '''weeds''' the following year, and alternate them.}} If the soil is muddy or crumbly, or the subsoil water is cold, then bring in new soil or sod. If the soil is infertile and barren, then spread '''cattle and horse manure''' and '''oak stems with leaves''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is  ''gaeulcho''.}}. '''Night soil''' and '''silkworm droppings''' are also good. {{Original Commentary|But they are difficult to procure in large amounts.}} &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
During the period between the '''first week&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;A lunar month has three weeks of 10 days each.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; of the third month''' and  '''''Grain in Ear'''''&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Grain in Ear,&amp;quot; or ''Mangjong'',  refers to a solar term which usually falls at the beginning of the fifth lunar month.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;, plow the fields again (and sow the seeds). {{Original Commentary|In general, plowing and sowing after ''Grain in Ear'' brings poor harvest.}} &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Soaking seeds, sowing seeds, covering seeds, irrigating water, and weeding methods are all the same as for '''early-sowing varieties'''. {{Original Commentary|Weeding three times by the '''middle of the sixth month''' is best. Weeding three times by the (end of) the sixth month is the second best. Not doing even this amount of weeding is the worst.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○ If a drought occurs in spring, (thus making) it impossible to practice '''wet farming''', one should practice '''dry farming'''. {{Original Commentary|(In this case), sow only the '''late-sowing varieties'''.}} &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The method is as follows: &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
After plowing, break the clods with '''''noemok''''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''goeumpa''}}, and harrow the fields with a '''''mokjak'''''. {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''soheulla''.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
After preparing the soil in this way, mix one '''''mal''''' &amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;One ''mal is approx. 18 liters&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; of rice with one '''''seom''''' &amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;One ''seom'' is approx. 180 liters&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; of '''aged manure''' or a '''mixture of urine and ash'''. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Original Commentary|'''Urine and ash fertilizer''' making method: Dig a small '''pool''' outside the '''cow stable''' to store '''urine'''. Burn '''stalks''', '''bran''', '''chaff''' and the like into ashes, and mix it with the urine from the '''pool''')}} &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Plant (the seeds) using the '''foot sowing''' method.&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;In the &amp;quot;foot sowing&amp;quot; method, a farmer leaves a depressed hole in the soil, using his/her left heel, to throw a seed into the hole. Then, with right foot, dirt is thrown back into the hole to cover the seed.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; (After sowing,) (continue to) keep the birds away {{Original Commentary|until the seedlings start to grow}}. Do not irrigate the field until the seedlings grow enough. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If weeds grow, do not cease weeding (with a ''homi''), even if there is a drought and the seedlings wither. {{Original Commentary|There is an old saying that &amp;quot;A hundred rice plants depend on the head of a ''homi''.&amp;quot; Old farmers also said, &amp;quot;Seedlings appreciate a man's efforts (at weeding).&amp;quot;}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○ Transplanting Method:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Select '''wet fields''' where the seedlings will not become dry, even in the case of a drought. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Plowing should be done between the last week&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;A lunar month has three weeks of 10 days each.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; of the second (lunar) month and the first week of the third month. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Each '''paddy field''' is divided into ten parts: One part is for raising the seedlings and the other nine parts are for (transplanting) the seedlings. {{Original Commentary|When the seedlings have completely been picked (and transplanted into the other nine parts), also transplant them into the part where the seedlings were raised.}} &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
First, plow the section where the seedlings will be grown according to the plowing method (mentioned previously), make the soil soft and levelled, and drain the water. Chop the soft ends of '''willow branches'''. Spread them thickly all over the fields and then stamp them underfoot. Let the soil dry completely under the sun and (then) irrigate the field. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
First, soak the seeds for three days. Then, put them in a '''''hocheon''''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''binseom''}} to drain. After one day, plant the seeds in the soil and cover them (with soil) using a  '''''panno'''''. {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''beonji''.) &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
When the seedlings have grown taller than the height of one's fist, they are able to be transplanted, First, plow the place where the seedlings will be transplanted. Then, spread the '''oak branches with leaves''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''gaeulcho''}} or '''cow or horse manure'''. When it is time to transplant the seedlings, plow again according to the method (mentioned previously) to make the soil loose and level, making it extremely '''soft'''. Plant four or five seedlings for each transplantation. Since they have not yet taken root, do not irrigate them deeply. {{Original Commentary|This method is convenient for weeding, in case of severe drought the crops will be lost, which is a matter of risk for the farm.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○ Though there are many varieties of rice, in general they are all alike. (However,) there is a special variety called '''''hando'''''. {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''mebyeo''.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Highlands and locations with sources of cold water are all appropriate (for this variety). However, if the soil is too dry, then this variety cannot grow. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Plow the soil in the first week&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;A lunar month has three weeks of 10 days each.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; of the second (lunar) month, then plow again between the first and second week of the third month. Then, make ridges.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
After finishing sowing by using the '''foot sowing''' method, stamp down the ridges, making them hard. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
When weeding, remove the soil around the sprouts to prevent them from being covered by soil. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If the soil is barren, mix (the seeds) with '''aged manure''' or '''ash and urine fertilizer''' and sow them. Alternatively, mix two parts '''''hando''''' seeds with two parts '''barnyard grass''' seeds and one part '''red beans''' and sow them. In general, this technique of mixing seeds and sowing them is (to prevent the loss of crops even in) years of flood or drought. As which of the '''nine grains''' will be appropriate for the following year's (weather conditions) differs, mixing seeds and sowing them helps prevent a total loss.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Glossary'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Footnote'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Further Reading'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:농사직설]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Jeeeun</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://dh.aks.ac.kr/~classics/wiki/index.php?title=NJ2018_Preface&amp;diff=2845</id>
		<title>NJ2018 Preface</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://dh.aks.ac.kr/~classics/wiki/index.php?title=NJ2018_Preface&amp;diff=2845"/>
				<updated>2018-06-13T03:27:27Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Jeeeun: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{NJ2018 TOC}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Contribution |contributor=Jeeeun Kwon |my contribution=Original Text and Korean Translation}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Original Script'''==&lt;br /&gt;
{|class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:70%&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;width:80%&amp;quot; | Text with Punctuation || style=&amp;quot;width:20%&amp;quot; | Text Image&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|農者，天下國家之大本也。自古聖王莫不以是爲務焉。帝舜之命九官十二牧也，首曰：「食哉惟時。」誠以粢盛之奉，生養之資，捨是無以爲也 。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
恭惟□太宗恭定大王嘗命儒臣, 掇取古農書, 切用之語，附註鄕言，刊板頒行，敎民力本。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
及我主上殿下，繼明圖治，尤留意於民事。以五方風土不同，樹藝之法, 各有其宜，不可盡同古書，乃命諸道監司逮訪州縣老農，因地己試之驗具聞。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
又命臣招就加詮次，臣與宗簿小尹臣卞孝文, 披閱參考，袪其重複，取其切要，撰成一編，目曰《農事直說》。農事之外，不雜他說，務爲簡直，使山野之民, 曉然易知。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
旣進，下鑄字所，印若干本，將以頒諸中外，導民厚生，以至於家給人足也。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
臣竊觀周詩，周家以農事爲國，歷八百餘年之久。今我□殿下惠養斯民，爲國長慮，豈不與后稷、成王同一規範乎? 是書雖小，其爲利益可勝言哉!&lt;br /&gt;
||&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;html&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;center&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/center&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/html&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Korean Translation'''==&lt;br /&gt;
'''농사직설서문'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''총제 정초''' 등에게 《直說》을 책으로 만들어 올릴 것을 명하였다. 그 서문에 이르기를 농사는 천하 국가의 큰 근본이다. 옛 성왕부터 농사에 힘을 쓰지 않은 국가 통치자는 없었다. '''순임금'''이 9관과 12목에게 명을 내릴 때 가장 먼저 이르기를 ‘먹는 것은 농사의 때에 달렸다.’ 하였으니, 진실로 자성의 도와 생양의 자료도 이것을 떠나서는 될 수 없기 때문이다. 삼가 생각하건대 태종대왕께서 일찍이 유신에게 명하시어 옛날 농서에 절실히 쓰이는 말들을 뽑아서 향언으로 주를 달아 판각하고 반포하여 백성을 가르쳐 농사에 힘쓰게 하셨다. 우리 주상 전하('''세종''')께서는 명군('''태종''')을 계승하여 정사에 힘을 써 더욱 백성의 일에 유의하여 다스렸다. 여러 도의 감사에게 명하여 주현의 노농들을 방문하게 하여, 각자의 농토에 따라 자기가 얻은 경험을 자세히 듣고 또 신 초에게 명하시어 설명을 덧붙이게 하셨고 신과 '''종부소윤 변효문'''이 두루 읽어 참고하여 그 중복된 것을 삭제하여 그 요점만을 뽑아서 편집하여 한 편을 만들고 그 제목을 《농사직설(農事直說)》이라고 하였다. 농사 외에 원예나 잠상 등 다른 설을 섞지 아니하고 간략하고 누구나 알기 쉽도록 힘을 써서 산이나 들에 사는 모든 백성들이 모두 환히 쉽게 알도록 하였다. 이미 '''주자소'''에 소정의 원본을 인쇄하라는 명을 내렸으니 장차 이 책들을 조정과 민간에 반행할 것이다. 백성을 인도하여 살림을 넉넉하게 해서, 집집마다 넉넉하고 사람마다 풍족한데 이르도록 할 것이다. 신이 '''주 나라 시'''를 보건대, '''주가'''에서도 농사로써 나라를 다스려 8 백여 년의 오랜 세월에 이르렀는데, 지금 우리 전하께서도 이 나라 백성을 잘 기르고 나라를 위하여 길이 염려하시니, 어찌 '''후직'''과 '''성왕'''과 규범을 같이하지 않으랴. 이 책이 비록 작더라도 그 이익됨은 어찌 말로 다 할 수 있겠는가? 라고 하였다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''English Translation'''==&lt;br /&gt;
'''Preface'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Regulator-General''' '''Jeong Cho'''&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;정초 鄭招, Civil official of Joseon, ?-1434, of the Hadong Jeong clan '''[http://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Contents/Index?contents_id=E0051002 Further reading in Korean]'''&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; and others were ordered to compile ''A Concise Theory of Farming''. The preface reads: &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Farming is the great foundation of all states under Heaven. Since the ancient times, there has been no sage king who did not commit himself to farming. In the sage '''King Shun''''s&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;''帝舜 A lengendary leader of ancient China said to have reigned 2294 and 2184 BCE [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emperor_Shun Wikipedia]''&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; order to his nine ministers and twelve governors, he first said: &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Crop yields! They depend entirely on timing.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;This quote comes from&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Indeed, as they are used as offerings in sacrificial rites and sustenance, they must not be ignored. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
As your subject reverently recalls, the late '''King Taejong'''&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;태종 太宗The third king of the Joseon dynasty, r.1400-1418; Father of King Sejong, the king to whom this preface is addressed.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; once ordered his ministers to collect old writings on farming and select the essence, attach commentary in the common language, carve the woodblocks, print them out, distribute the copies, and enlighten the people and have them focus on the fundamental task of farming. My Lord, Your Majesty ('''King Sejong''')&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;세종 世宗 The fourth king of the Joseon dynasty, r. 1418-1456&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;, inherited the grand design for governing from your illustrious predecessor (i.e. Taejong), devoting yourself even more to the people's affairs. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The natural features vary across the country. Therefore, each region has its own way of sowing and cultivating, and the old farming texts should not be blindly followed. And then, the governors of the all provinces were ordered to go around the counties and districts, call on the seasoned farmers, and listen carefully to their tried and true experiences on the land.  Furthermore, (Your Majesty) ordered your subject (Jeong) Cho to complete the job of adding explanations. Next your subject (Jeong Cho), along with '''Royal Genealogist''' '''Byeon Hyo-mun'''&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;변효문 卞孝文, Civil official of Joseon, 1395-?, of the Chogye Byeon clan ''[http://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Contents/Index?contents_id=E0022978 Further reading in Korean]''&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;, revised separate accounts in reference to other sources, eliminated the redundancies, selected the essentials, and completed a single volume called ''A Concise Theory of Farming''. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[This text] does not cover other topics, such as horticulture and sericulture. The priority is on conciseness and straightforwardness, so that people from rural areas can clearly understand it without effort. (The order) for printing has been already handed down to the '''Bureau of Typecasting'''&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;주자소 鑄字所&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; and several few copies shall be printed for dispersal throughout the country. This will guide the people and enrich their livelihoods; thereby the benefits shall extend to every household and provide for all the people.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Your subject pondered over the '''poetry of Zhou'''&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Referring to the ''Classic of Poetry'' ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classic_of_Poetry Wikipedia]''&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; and (concluded that) the '''Zhou''' ruling house&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;The Zhou dynasty of China lasted from 1046-314 BCE''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhou_dynasty Wikipedia]''&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; based the state on farming and thus it lasted over eight hundred years. Now Your Majesty's gracious nurturing of our people and long-held concern about the state, how is this standard not the same with that of '''Houji'''&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;后稷 A legendary figure of Chinese history who is said to have brought millet to China during the Xia dynasty ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houji Wikipedia]''&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; and '''King Cheng'''&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;''周成王 The second king of the Zhou dynasty, r. 1042-1021 BCE [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Cheng_of_Zhou Wikipedia]''&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; of Zhou? Though this book is small, its benefits cannot be expressed in words!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Glossary'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Contribution &lt;br /&gt;
|contributor=Ciceo Anca Valentina&lt;br /&gt;
|my contribution=Listed Personalities&amp;amp;Others&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
===Personalities===&lt;br /&gt;
*Regulator-General Jeong Cho / 총제 정초 / &lt;br /&gt;
*King Shun / 순임금 /&lt;br /&gt;
*King Taejong / 명군(태종)을&lt;br /&gt;
*King Sejong / 우리 주상 전하(세종)께서는&lt;br /&gt;
*Jeong Cho&lt;br /&gt;
*Royal Genealogist Byeon Hyo-mun / 변효문&lt;br /&gt;
*Houji of Zhou / 후직&lt;br /&gt;
*King Cheng of Zhou / 성왕&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Others===&lt;br /&gt;
*Bureau of Typecasting / 주자소&lt;br /&gt;
*Zhou ruling house / 주가 / 周家&lt;br /&gt;
*poetry of Zhou / 주 나라 시 / 周詩&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''References'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Further Reading'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:농사직설]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Jeeeun</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://dh.aks.ac.kr/~classics/wiki/index.php?title=NJ2018_Preface&amp;diff=2844</id>
		<title>NJ2018 Preface</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://dh.aks.ac.kr/~classics/wiki/index.php?title=NJ2018_Preface&amp;diff=2844"/>
				<updated>2018-06-13T03:26:53Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Jeeeun: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{NJ2018 TOC}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Contribution |contributor=Jeeeun Kwon |my contribution=original text and Korean translation}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Original Script'''==&lt;br /&gt;
{|class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:70%&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;width:80%&amp;quot; | Text with Punctuation || style=&amp;quot;width:20%&amp;quot; | Text Image&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|農者，天下國家之大本也。自古聖王莫不以是爲務焉。帝舜之命九官十二牧也，首曰：「食哉惟時。」誠以粢盛之奉，生養之資，捨是無以爲也 。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
恭惟□太宗恭定大王嘗命儒臣, 掇取古農書, 切用之語，附註鄕言，刊板頒行，敎民力本。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
及我主上殿下，繼明圖治，尤留意於民事。以五方風土不同，樹藝之法, 各有其宜，不可盡同古書，乃命諸道監司逮訪州縣老農，因地己試之驗具聞。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
又命臣招就加詮次，臣與宗簿小尹臣卞孝文, 披閱參考，袪其重複，取其切要，撰成一編，目曰《農事直說》。農事之外，不雜他說，務爲簡直，使山野之民, 曉然易知。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
旣進，下鑄字所，印若干本，將以頒諸中外，導民厚生，以至於家給人足也。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
臣竊觀周詩，周家以農事爲國，歷八百餘年之久。今我□殿下惠養斯民，爲國長慮，豈不與后稷、成王同一規範乎? 是書雖小，其爲利益可勝言哉!&lt;br /&gt;
||&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;html&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;center&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/center&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/html&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Korean Translation'''==&lt;br /&gt;
'''농사직설서문'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''총제 정초''' 등에게 《直說》을 책으로 만들어 올릴 것을 명하였다. 그 서문에 이르기를 농사는 천하 국가의 큰 근본이다. 옛 성왕부터 농사에 힘을 쓰지 않은 국가 통치자는 없었다. '''순임금'''이 9관과 12목에게 명을 내릴 때 가장 먼저 이르기를 ‘먹는 것은 농사의 때에 달렸다.’ 하였으니, 진실로 자성의 도와 생양의 자료도 이것을 떠나서는 될 수 없기 때문이다. 삼가 생각하건대 태종대왕께서 일찍이 유신에게 명하시어 옛날 농서에 절실히 쓰이는 말들을 뽑아서 향언으로 주를 달아 판각하고 반포하여 백성을 가르쳐 농사에 힘쓰게 하셨다. 우리 주상 전하('''세종''')께서는 명군('''태종''')을 계승하여 정사에 힘을 써 더욱 백성의 일에 유의하여 다스렸다. 여러 도의 감사에게 명하여 주현의 노농들을 방문하게 하여, 각자의 농토에 따라 자기가 얻은 경험을 자세히 듣고 또 신 초에게 명하시어 설명을 덧붙이게 하셨고 신과 '''종부소윤 변효문'''이 두루 읽어 참고하여 그 중복된 것을 삭제하여 그 요점만을 뽑아서 편집하여 한 편을 만들고 그 제목을 《농사직설(農事直說)》이라고 하였다. 농사 외에 원예나 잠상 등 다른 설을 섞지 아니하고 간략하고 누구나 알기 쉽도록 힘을 써서 산이나 들에 사는 모든 백성들이 모두 환히 쉽게 알도록 하였다. 이미 '''주자소'''에 소정의 원본을 인쇄하라는 명을 내렸으니 장차 이 책들을 조정과 민간에 반행할 것이다. 백성을 인도하여 살림을 넉넉하게 해서, 집집마다 넉넉하고 사람마다 풍족한데 이르도록 할 것이다. 신이 '''주 나라 시'''를 보건대, '''주가'''에서도 농사로써 나라를 다스려 8 백여 년의 오랜 세월에 이르렀는데, 지금 우리 전하께서도 이 나라 백성을 잘 기르고 나라를 위하여 길이 염려하시니, 어찌 '''후직'''과 '''성왕'''과 규범을 같이하지 않으랴. 이 책이 비록 작더라도 그 이익됨은 어찌 말로 다 할 수 있겠는가? 라고 하였다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''English Translation'''==&lt;br /&gt;
'''Preface'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Regulator-General''' '''Jeong Cho'''&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;정초 鄭招, Civil official of Joseon, ?-1434, of the Hadong Jeong clan '''[http://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Contents/Index?contents_id=E0051002 Further reading in Korean]'''&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; and others were ordered to compile ''A Concise Theory of Farming''. The preface reads: &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Farming is the great foundation of all states under Heaven. Since the ancient times, there has been no sage king who did not commit himself to farming. In the sage '''King Shun''''s&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;''帝舜 A lengendary leader of ancient China said to have reigned 2294 and 2184 BCE [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emperor_Shun Wikipedia]''&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; order to his nine ministers and twelve governors, he first said: &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Crop yields! They depend entirely on timing.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;This quote comes from&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Indeed, as they are used as offerings in sacrificial rites and sustenance, they must not be ignored. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
As your subject reverently recalls, the late '''King Taejong'''&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;태종 太宗The third king of the Joseon dynasty, r.1400-1418; Father of King Sejong, the king to whom this preface is addressed.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; once ordered his ministers to collect old writings on farming and select the essence, attach commentary in the common language, carve the woodblocks, print them out, distribute the copies, and enlighten the people and have them focus on the fundamental task of farming. My Lord, Your Majesty ('''King Sejong''')&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;세종 世宗 The fourth king of the Joseon dynasty, r. 1418-1456&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;, inherited the grand design for governing from your illustrious predecessor (i.e. Taejong), devoting yourself even more to the people's affairs. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The natural features vary across the country. Therefore, each region has its own way of sowing and cultivating, and the old farming texts should not be blindly followed. And then, the governors of the all provinces were ordered to go around the counties and districts, call on the seasoned farmers, and listen carefully to their tried and true experiences on the land.  Furthermore, (Your Majesty) ordered your subject (Jeong) Cho to complete the job of adding explanations. Next your subject (Jeong Cho), along with '''Royal Genealogist''' '''Byeon Hyo-mun'''&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;변효문 卞孝文, Civil official of Joseon, 1395-?, of the Chogye Byeon clan ''[http://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Contents/Index?contents_id=E0022978 Further reading in Korean]''&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;, revised separate accounts in reference to other sources, eliminated the redundancies, selected the essentials, and completed a single volume called ''A Concise Theory of Farming''. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[This text] does not cover other topics, such as horticulture and sericulture. The priority is on conciseness and straightforwardness, so that people from rural areas can clearly understand it without effort. (The order) for printing has been already handed down to the '''Bureau of Typecasting'''&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;주자소 鑄字所&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; and several few copies shall be printed for dispersal throughout the country. This will guide the people and enrich their livelihoods; thereby the benefits shall extend to every household and provide for all the people.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Your subject pondered over the '''poetry of Zhou'''&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Referring to the ''Classic of Poetry'' ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classic_of_Poetry Wikipedia]''&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; and (concluded that) the '''Zhou''' ruling house&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;The Zhou dynasty of China lasted from 1046-314 BCE''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhou_dynasty Wikipedia]''&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; based the state on farming and thus it lasted over eight hundred years. Now Your Majesty's gracious nurturing of our people and long-held concern about the state, how is this standard not the same with that of '''Houji'''&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;后稷 A legendary figure of Chinese history who is said to have brought millet to China during the Xia dynasty ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houji Wikipedia]''&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; and '''King Cheng'''&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;''周成王 The second king of the Zhou dynasty, r. 1042-1021 BCE [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Cheng_of_Zhou Wikipedia]''&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; of Zhou? Though this book is small, its benefits cannot be expressed in words!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Glossary'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Contribution &lt;br /&gt;
|contributor=Ciceo Anca Valentina&lt;br /&gt;
|my contribution=Listed Personalities&amp;amp;Others&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
===Personalities===&lt;br /&gt;
*Regulator-General Jeong Cho / 총제 정초 / &lt;br /&gt;
*King Shun / 순임금 /&lt;br /&gt;
*King Taejong / 명군(태종)을&lt;br /&gt;
*King Sejong / 우리 주상 전하(세종)께서는&lt;br /&gt;
*Jeong Cho&lt;br /&gt;
*Royal Genealogist Byeon Hyo-mun / 변효문&lt;br /&gt;
*Houji of Zhou / 후직&lt;br /&gt;
*King Cheng of Zhou / 성왕&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Others===&lt;br /&gt;
*Bureau of Typecasting / 주자소&lt;br /&gt;
*Zhou ruling house / 주가 / 周家&lt;br /&gt;
*poetry of Zhou / 주 나라 시 / 周詩&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''References'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Further Reading'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:농사직설]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Jeeeun</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://dh.aks.ac.kr/~classics/wiki/index.php?title=NJ2018_Preface&amp;diff=2841</id>
		<title>NJ2018 Preface</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://dh.aks.ac.kr/~classics/wiki/index.php?title=NJ2018_Preface&amp;diff=2841"/>
				<updated>2018-06-13T03:26:43Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Jeeeun: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{NJ2018 TOC}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Contribution |contributor=Jeeeun Kwon |my contribution=original text and Korean translation}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Original Script'''==&lt;br /&gt;
{|class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:70%&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
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|農者，天下國家之大本也。自古聖王莫不以是爲務焉。帝舜之命九官十二牧也，首曰：「食哉惟時。」誠以粢盛之奉，生養之資，捨是無以爲也 。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
恭惟□太宗恭定大王嘗命儒臣, 掇取古農書, 切用之語，附註鄕言，刊板頒行，敎民力本。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
及我主上殿下，繼明圖治，尤留意於民事。以五方風土不同，樹藝之法, 各有其宜，不可盡同古書，乃命諸道監司逮訪州縣老農，因地己試之驗具聞。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
又命臣招就加詮次，臣與宗簿小尹臣卞孝文, 披閱參考，袪其重複，取其切要，撰成一編，目曰《農事直說》。農事之外，不雜他說，務爲簡直，使山野之民, 曉然易知。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
旣進，下鑄字所，印若干本，將以頒諸中外，導民厚生，以至於家給人足也。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
臣竊觀周詩，周家以農事爲國，歷八百餘年之久。今我□殿下惠養斯民，爲國長慮，豈不與后稷、成王同一規範乎? 是書雖小，其爲利益可勝言哉!&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;html&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;center&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;/html&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Korean Translation'''==&lt;br /&gt;
'''농사직설서문'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''총제 정초''' 등에게 《直說》을 책으로 만들어 올릴 것을 명하였다. 그 서문에 이르기를 농사는 천하 국가의 큰 근본이다. 옛 성왕부터 농사에 힘을 쓰지 않은 국가 통치자는 없었다. '''순임금'''이 9관과 12목에게 명을 내릴 때 가장 먼저 이르기를 ‘먹는 것은 농사의 때에 달렸다.’ 하였으니, 진실로 자성의 도와 생양의 자료도 이것을 떠나서는 될 수 없기 때문이다. 삼가 생각하건대 태종대왕께서 일찍이 유신에게 명하시어 옛날 농서에 절실히 쓰이는 말들을 뽑아서 향언으로 주를 달아 판각하고 반포하여 백성을 가르쳐 농사에 힘쓰게 하셨다. 우리 주상 전하('''세종''')께서는 명군('''태종''')을 계승하여 정사에 힘을 써 더욱 백성의 일에 유의하여 다스렸다. 여러 도의 감사에게 명하여 주현의 노농들을 방문하게 하여, 각자의 농토에 따라 자기가 얻은 경험을 자세히 듣고 또 신 초에게 명하시어 설명을 덧붙이게 하셨고 신과 '''종부소윤 변효문'''이 두루 읽어 참고하여 그 중복된 것을 삭제하여 그 요점만을 뽑아서 편집하여 한 편을 만들고 그 제목을 《농사직설(農事直說)》이라고 하였다. 농사 외에 원예나 잠상 등 다른 설을 섞지 아니하고 간략하고 누구나 알기 쉽도록 힘을 써서 산이나 들에 사는 모든 백성들이 모두 환히 쉽게 알도록 하였다. 이미 '''주자소'''에 소정의 원본을 인쇄하라는 명을 내렸으니 장차 이 책들을 조정과 민간에 반행할 것이다. 백성을 인도하여 살림을 넉넉하게 해서, 집집마다 넉넉하고 사람마다 풍족한데 이르도록 할 것이다. 신이 '''주 나라 시'''를 보건대, '''주가'''에서도 농사로써 나라를 다스려 8 백여 년의 오랜 세월에 이르렀는데, 지금 우리 전하께서도 이 나라 백성을 잘 기르고 나라를 위하여 길이 염려하시니, 어찌 '''후직'''과 '''성왕'''과 규범을 같이하지 않으랴. 이 책이 비록 작더라도 그 이익됨은 어찌 말로 다 할 수 있겠는가? 라고 하였다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''English Translation'''==&lt;br /&gt;
'''Preface'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Regulator-General''' '''Jeong Cho'''&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;정초 鄭招, Civil official of Joseon, ?-1434, of the Hadong Jeong clan '''[http://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Contents/Index?contents_id=E0051002 Further reading in Korean]'''&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; and others were ordered to compile ''A Concise Theory of Farming''. The preface reads: &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Farming is the great foundation of all states under Heaven. Since the ancient times, there has been no sage king who did not commit himself to farming. In the sage '''King Shun''''s&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;''帝舜 A lengendary leader of ancient China said to have reigned 2294 and 2184 BCE [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emperor_Shun Wikipedia]''&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; order to his nine ministers and twelve governors, he first said: &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Crop yields! They depend entirely on timing.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;This quote comes from&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Indeed, as they are used as offerings in sacrificial rites and sustenance, they must not be ignored. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
As your subject reverently recalls, the late '''King Taejong'''&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;태종 太宗The third king of the Joseon dynasty, r.1400-1418; Father of King Sejong, the king to whom this preface is addressed.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; once ordered his ministers to collect old writings on farming and select the essence, attach commentary in the common language, carve the woodblocks, print them out, distribute the copies, and enlighten the people and have them focus on the fundamental task of farming. My Lord, Your Majesty ('''King Sejong''')&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;세종 世宗 The fourth king of the Joseon dynasty, r. 1418-1456&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;, inherited the grand design for governing from your illustrious predecessor (i.e. Taejong), devoting yourself even more to the people's affairs. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The natural features vary across the country. Therefore, each region has its own way of sowing and cultivating, and the old farming texts should not be blindly followed. And then, the governors of the all provinces were ordered to go around the counties and districts, call on the seasoned farmers, and listen carefully to their tried and true experiences on the land.  Furthermore, (Your Majesty) ordered your subject (Jeong) Cho to complete the job of adding explanations. Next your subject (Jeong Cho), along with '''Royal Genealogist''' '''Byeon Hyo-mun'''&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;변효문 卞孝文, Civil official of Joseon, 1395-?, of the Chogye Byeon clan ''[http://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Contents/Index?contents_id=E0022978 Further reading in Korean]''&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;, revised separate accounts in reference to other sources, eliminated the redundancies, selected the essentials, and completed a single volume called ''A Concise Theory of Farming''. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[This text] does not cover other topics, such as horticulture and sericulture. The priority is on conciseness and straightforwardness, so that people from rural areas can clearly understand it without effort. (The order) for printing has been already handed down to the '''Bureau of Typecasting'''&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;주자소 鑄字所&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; and several few copies shall be printed for dispersal throughout the country. This will guide the people and enrich their livelihoods; thereby the benefits shall extend to every household and provide for all the people.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Your subject pondered over the '''poetry of Zhou'''&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Referring to the ''Classic of Poetry'' ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classic_of_Poetry Wikipedia]''&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; and (concluded that) the '''Zhou''' ruling house&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;The Zhou dynasty of China lasted from 1046-314 BCE''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhou_dynasty Wikipedia]''&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; based the state on farming and thus it lasted over eight hundred years. Now Your Majesty's gracious nurturing of our people and long-held concern about the state, how is this standard not the same with that of '''Houji'''&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;后稷 A legendary figure of Chinese history who is said to have brought millet to China during the Xia dynasty ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houji Wikipedia]''&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; and '''King Cheng'''&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;''周成王 The second king of the Zhou dynasty, r. 1042-1021 BCE [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Cheng_of_Zhou Wikipedia]''&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; of Zhou? Though this book is small, its benefits cannot be expressed in words!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Glossary'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Contribution &lt;br /&gt;
|contributor=Ciceo Anca Valentina&lt;br /&gt;
|my contribution=Listed Personalities&amp;amp;Others&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
===Personalities===&lt;br /&gt;
*Regulator-General Jeong Cho / 총제 정초 / &lt;br /&gt;
*King Shun / 순임금 /&lt;br /&gt;
*King Taejong / 명군(태종)을&lt;br /&gt;
*King Sejong / 우리 주상 전하(세종)께서는&lt;br /&gt;
*Jeong Cho&lt;br /&gt;
*Royal Genealogist Byeon Hyo-mun / 변효문&lt;br /&gt;
*Houji of Zhou / 후직&lt;br /&gt;
*King Cheng of Zhou / 성왕&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Others===&lt;br /&gt;
*Bureau of Typecasting / 주자소&lt;br /&gt;
*Zhou ruling house / 주가 / 周家&lt;br /&gt;
*poetry of Zhou / 주 나라 시 / 周詩&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''References'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Further Reading'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:농사직설]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Jeeeun</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://dh.aks.ac.kr/~classics/wiki/index.php?title=NJ2018_Editor%27s_Notes&amp;diff=2834</id>
		<title>NJ2018 Editor's Notes</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://dh.aks.ac.kr/~classics/wiki/index.php?title=NJ2018_Editor%27s_Notes&amp;diff=2834"/>
				<updated>2018-06-13T03:17:29Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Jeeeun: /* Korean Translation */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{NJ2018 TOC}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Style Guide==&lt;br /&gt;
See below for general information on translation and formatting practices. This can be used as a guideline in future translations. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Original Text===&lt;br /&gt;
*원문 판본을 기준으로 구두점을 표기하였다.&lt;br /&gt;
*구두점이 표기된 원문 우측에 원문 이미지를 배치하였다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Korean Translation===&lt;br /&gt;
*원문은 단락 구분 없이 표기되어 있으나, 독자의 이해를 돕기 위해 내용에 따라 단락을 나누었다.&lt;br /&gt;
*원문에 표기된 원주 [○]는 한국어 번역에도 그대로 표기하였다.&lt;br /&gt;
*독자의 이해를 돕기 위해 편집자에 의해 추가된 내용은 삽입구로 처리하였다.&lt;br /&gt;
*각 부분의 주제어들은 글자체를 진하게 표기하였다.&lt;br /&gt;
*원문에 있는 세주의 내용은 회색조의 작은 글자체를 적용하여 표기하였다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===English Translation===&lt;br /&gt;
*Though the original text does not have paragraphs, the English text was split into paragraphs for ease of understanding the content. &lt;br /&gt;
*The original text has circles to denote subsections. These have been kept in the English text. &lt;br /&gt;
*Any words added to the text by the translator to aid in the reader's understanding have been added inside parenthesis. &lt;br /&gt;
*The original text had commentary added in small characters. This is denoted in the English text with a smaller, grey colored font. &lt;br /&gt;
*Key terms have been bolded.&lt;br /&gt;
*Editor's notes have been added via footnotes.&lt;br /&gt;
*Translations follow the sentence structure of the original text as much as possible. &lt;br /&gt;
*To see how a particular term was translated, check the glossary. &lt;br /&gt;
*Farming tools were kept as romanizations as they vary slightly from similar tools available in other countries. &lt;br /&gt;
*Calendar terms were changed to English whenever possible but editor's notes were added to clarify when necessary. More information is also in the glossary. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Glossary===&lt;br /&gt;
* The glossary has been divided by theme: Plant varieties, farming tools, types of land, measurements, farming methods. &lt;br /&gt;
* Eventually, each term will have its own page, but before a proper naming convention must first be created.&lt;br /&gt;
* Glossary uses a template to list romanizations, alternate translations etc. &lt;br /&gt;
* Other explanations/definitions and multimedia are listed as regular text&lt;br /&gt;
* Glossary terms should be in English, or in a revised romanization if no exact translation for English is available. &lt;br /&gt;
* The first word of a glossary term should be capitalized, but the rest lowercase&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==General Contributions to NJ2018==&lt;br /&gt;
* Anca&lt;br /&gt;
** Plant varieties glossary&lt;br /&gt;
** Farming tools glossary&lt;br /&gt;
* Changsup&lt;br /&gt;
** Measurements glossary&lt;br /&gt;
** Methods glossary&lt;br /&gt;
* Evelyn&lt;br /&gt;
** Land types glossary&lt;br /&gt;
** Calendar glossary&lt;br /&gt;
* Jeeeun&lt;br /&gt;
** Final editing of original and Korean texts + footnotes&lt;br /&gt;
** Guidelines/style guide for Korean text&lt;br /&gt;
* Haewon&lt;br /&gt;
** Template design &amp;amp; wiki finalization&lt;br /&gt;
** Romanization proofreading &lt;br /&gt;
* Lyndsey&lt;br /&gt;
** Final editing of English text + footnotes&lt;br /&gt;
** Guidelines/style guide for English text&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Other contributions are noted individually via the contribution template.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Editors' Meetings==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[NJ2018 Meeting 5-30]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[NJ2018 Meeting 6-1]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[NJ2018 Meeting 6-6]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[NJ2018 Meeting 6-13]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Jeeeun</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://dh.aks.ac.kr/~classics/wiki/index.php?title=NJ2018_Editor%27s_Notes&amp;diff=2833</id>
		<title>NJ2018 Editor's Notes</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://dh.aks.ac.kr/~classics/wiki/index.php?title=NJ2018_Editor%27s_Notes&amp;diff=2833"/>
				<updated>2018-06-13T02:59:14Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Jeeeun: /* Korean Translation */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{NJ2018 TOC}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Style Guide==&lt;br /&gt;
See below for general information on translation and formatting practices. This can be used as a guideline in future translations. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Original Text===&lt;br /&gt;
*원문 판본을 기준으로 구두점을 표기하였다.&lt;br /&gt;
*구두점이 표기된 원문 우측에 원문 이미지를 배치하였다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Korean Translation===&lt;br /&gt;
*원문은 단락 구분 없이 표기되어 있으나, 독자의 이해를 돕기 위해 내용에 따라 단락을 나누었다.&lt;br /&gt;
*원문에 표기된 원주 [○]는 한국어 번역에도 그대로 표기하였다.&lt;br /&gt;
*독자의 이해를 돕기 위해 편집자에 의해 추가된 내용은 [] 로 처리하였다.&lt;br /&gt;
*각 부분의 주제어들은 글자체를 진하게 표기하였다.&lt;br /&gt;
*원문에 있는 세주의 내용은 회색조의 작은 글자체를 적용하여 표기하였다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===English Translation===&lt;br /&gt;
*Though the original text does not have paragraphs, the English text was split into paragraphs for ease of understanding the content. &lt;br /&gt;
*The original text has circles to denote subsections. These have been kept in the English text. &lt;br /&gt;
*Any words added to the text by the translator to aid in the reader's understanding have been added inside parenthesis. &lt;br /&gt;
*The original text had commentary added in small characters. This is denoted in the English text with a smaller, grey colored font. &lt;br /&gt;
*Key terms have been bolded.&lt;br /&gt;
*Editor's notes have been added via footnotes.&lt;br /&gt;
*Translations follow the sentence structure of the original text as much as possible. &lt;br /&gt;
*To see how a particular term was translated, check the glossary. &lt;br /&gt;
*Farming tools were kept as romanizations as they vary slightly from similar tools available in other countries. &lt;br /&gt;
*Calendar terms were changed to English whenever possible but editor's notes were added to clarify when necessary. More information is also in the glossary. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Glossary===&lt;br /&gt;
* The glossary has been divided by theme: Plant varieties, farming tools, types of land, measurements, farming methods. &lt;br /&gt;
* Eventually, each term will have its own page, but before a proper naming convention must first be created.&lt;br /&gt;
* Glossary uses a template to list romanizations, alternate translations etc. &lt;br /&gt;
* Other explanations/definitions and multimedia are listed as regular text&lt;br /&gt;
* Glossary terms should be in English, or in a revised romanization if no exact translation for English is available. &lt;br /&gt;
* The first word of a glossary term should be capitalized, but the rest lowercase&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==General Contributions to NJ2018==&lt;br /&gt;
* Anca&lt;br /&gt;
** Plant varieties glossary&lt;br /&gt;
** Farming tools glossary&lt;br /&gt;
* Changsup&lt;br /&gt;
** Measurements glossary&lt;br /&gt;
** Methods glossary&lt;br /&gt;
* Evelyn&lt;br /&gt;
** Land types glossary&lt;br /&gt;
** Calendar glossary&lt;br /&gt;
* Jeeeun&lt;br /&gt;
** Final editing of original and Korean texts + footnotes&lt;br /&gt;
** Guidelines/style guide for Korean text&lt;br /&gt;
* Haewon&lt;br /&gt;
** Template design &amp;amp; wiki finalization&lt;br /&gt;
** Romanization proofreading &lt;br /&gt;
* Lyndsey&lt;br /&gt;
** Final editing of English text + footnotes&lt;br /&gt;
** Guidelines/style guide for English text&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Other contributions are noted individually via the contribution template.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Editors' Meetings==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[NJ2018 Meeting 5-30]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[NJ2018 Meeting 6-1]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[NJ2018 Meeting 6-6]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[NJ2018 Meeting 6-13]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Jeeeun</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://dh.aks.ac.kr/~classics/wiki/index.php?title=NJ2018_Editor%27s_Notes&amp;diff=2832</id>
		<title>NJ2018 Editor's Notes</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://dh.aks.ac.kr/~classics/wiki/index.php?title=NJ2018_Editor%27s_Notes&amp;diff=2832"/>
				<updated>2018-06-13T02:54:05Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Jeeeun: /* Original Text */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{NJ2018 TOC}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Style Guide==&lt;br /&gt;
See below for general information on translation and formatting practices. This can be used as a guideline in future translations. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Original Text===&lt;br /&gt;
*원문 판본을 기준으로 구두점을 표기하였다.&lt;br /&gt;
*구두점이 표기된 원문 우측에 원문 이미지를 배치하였다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Korean Translation===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===English Translation===&lt;br /&gt;
*Though the original text does not have paragraphs, the English text was split into paragraphs for ease of understanding the content. &lt;br /&gt;
*The original text has circles to denote subsections. These have been kept in the English text. &lt;br /&gt;
*Any words added to the text by the translator to aid in the reader's understanding have been added inside parenthesis. &lt;br /&gt;
*The original text had commentary added in small characters. This is denoted in the English text with a smaller, grey colored font. &lt;br /&gt;
*Key terms have been bolded.&lt;br /&gt;
*Editor's notes have been added via footnotes.&lt;br /&gt;
*Translations follow the sentence structure of the original text as much as possible. &lt;br /&gt;
*To see how a particular term was translated, check the glossary. &lt;br /&gt;
*Farming tools were kept as romanizations as they vary slightly from similar tools available in other countries. &lt;br /&gt;
*Calendar terms were changed to English whenever possible but editor's notes were added to clarify when necessary. More information is also in the glossary. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Glossary===&lt;br /&gt;
* The glossary has been divided by theme: Plant varieties, farming tools, types of land, measurements, farming methods. &lt;br /&gt;
* Eventually, each term will have its own page, but before a proper naming convention must first be created.&lt;br /&gt;
* Glossary uses a template to list romanizations, alternate translations etc. &lt;br /&gt;
* Other explanations/definitions and multimedia are listed as regular text&lt;br /&gt;
* Glossary terms should be in English, or in a revised romanization if no exact translation for English is available. &lt;br /&gt;
* The first word of a glossary term should be capitalized, but the rest lowercase&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==General Contributions to NJ2018==&lt;br /&gt;
* Anca&lt;br /&gt;
** Plant varieties glossary&lt;br /&gt;
** Farming tools glossary&lt;br /&gt;
* Changsup&lt;br /&gt;
** Measurements glossary&lt;br /&gt;
** Methods glossary&lt;br /&gt;
* Evelyn&lt;br /&gt;
** Land types glossary&lt;br /&gt;
** Calendar glossary&lt;br /&gt;
* Jeeeun&lt;br /&gt;
** Final editing of original and Korean texts + footnotes&lt;br /&gt;
** Guidelines/style guide for Korean text&lt;br /&gt;
* Haewon&lt;br /&gt;
** Template design &amp;amp; wiki finalization&lt;br /&gt;
** Romanization proofreading &lt;br /&gt;
* Lyndsey&lt;br /&gt;
** Final editing of English text + footnotes&lt;br /&gt;
** Guidelines/style guide for English text&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Other contributions are noted individually via the contribution template.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Editors' Meetings==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[NJ2018 Meeting 5-30]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[NJ2018 Meeting 6-1]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[NJ2018 Meeting 6-6]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[NJ2018 Meeting 6-13]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Jeeeun</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://dh.aks.ac.kr/~classics/wiki/index.php?title=NJ2018_Cultivating_Buckwheat&amp;diff=2830</id>
		<title>NJ2018 Cultivating Buckwheat</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://dh.aks.ac.kr/~classics/wiki/index.php?title=NJ2018_Cultivating_Buckwheat&amp;diff=2830"/>
				<updated>2018-06-13T02:47:58Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Jeeeun: /* Korean Translation */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{NJ2018 TOC}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Original Script'''==&lt;br /&gt;
{|class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:70%&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;width:80%&amp;quot; | Text with Punctuation || style=&amp;quot;width:20%&amp;quot; | Text Image || style=&amp;quot;width:20%&amp;quot; | Text Image&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|種蕎麥&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【鄕名木麥】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;br/&amp;gt; 蕎麥趂時爲良。&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【失時遇霜不收。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; &amp;lt;br/&amp;gt; 立秋在六月, 則節前三日內, 立秋在七月, 則節後三日內, 乃其時也。&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt; 宜荒地。 五月耕之。 得草爛, 六月又耕。 下種時, 又耕之。&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt; 種子一斗, 糞灰一石爲度。 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【灰小, 則漬種亦可。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; 田雖塉薄, 多糞灰, 則可收。&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt; 其實半黑半白, 刈之。倒竪, 則皆黑。 其早霜處, 宜早耕, 不必待立秋前後也。&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt; 若山林肥厚之地, 火耕撒種, 所收倍常。&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt; ○漬種法: 燒牛馬糞爲灰, 以廐池尿盛貯木槽中, 漬蕎麥種半日, 漉出。投灰中, 令灰粘着種子。&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
油麻。 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【本草白油麻, 唐人稱芝麻, 俗所爲眞荏子。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; 水蘇子。&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【俗稱水荏子】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
||&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;html&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;center&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;a href=&amp;quot;http://digerati.aks.ac.kr/DhLab/2018/103/jpg/page-19-1.jpg&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;img src=&amp;quot;http://digerati.aks.ac.kr/DhLab/2018/103/thumb/page-19-1_xs.jpg&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;19&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/td&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/center&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/html&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
||&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;html&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;center&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;a href=&amp;quot;http://digerati.aks.ac.kr/DhLab/2018/103/jpg/page-20-1.jpg&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;img src=&amp;quot;http://digerati.aks.ac.kr/DhLab/2018/103/thumb/page-20-1_xs.jpg&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;20&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/td&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/center&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/html&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Korean Translation'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!--&lt;br /&gt;
늦벼[晩稻]를 수경(水耕)할 때는 정월에 얼음이 녹을 때 간다. 거름[糞]을 넣거나 흙을 넣는 것은 올벼 재배법과 동일하다. {{원주|올해 흙을 넣었다면 내년에는 거름을 넣거나 잡초를 넣는 방식으로 교대한다.}}흙이 진흙투성이거나 푸석푸석하거나 찬물 기운[水冷]이 있다면 완전히 새 흙이나 사토(莎土)를 채워 넣는다. (토질이) 척박하다면 소똥, 말똥 및 가지에 달린 갈잎[杼葉] {{원주|향명(鄕名)으로는 가을초(加乙草)이다.}}을 깔아주는데, 인분(人糞), 누에똥잠사(蠶沙)도 좋다. {{원주|다만 많이 구하는 것이 어렵다.}}3월 상순에서 망종절(芒種節) 사이에 다시 간다. {{원주|대체로 망종절보다 늦게 갈고 파종하면 (수확이) 부실하다.}}종자 담그기, 파종하기, 종자 덮기, 물대기, 김매기 방법은 모두 올벼 재배법과 동일하다. {{원주|6월 보름 이전에 3번 김매는 것이 가장 좋다. 6월 이내에 3번 김매는 것이 그 다음이다. 여기에도 미치지 못하는 것은 가장 나쁘다.}}&lt;br /&gt;
--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
'''교맥 재배법''' {{원주|향명 ''메밀''}}:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''교맥'''은 때에 맞추는 게 가장 좋다.{{원주|때를 놓치거나 서리를 만나면 수확하지 못한다.}}'''입추'''가 6월에 들었으면 '''입추''' 전 3일 이내에, '''입추'''가 7월에 들었으면 입추 후 3일 이내가 그 때이다. '''황무지'''가 [교맥 재배에] 적당하다. 5월에 밭을 간 후 풀이 무성해지면 6월에 다시 갈며, 종자를 심을 때 또 다시 간다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
종자 1'''''말'''''을 기준으로 '''분회''' 1'''''섬'''''을 [섞는 게] 적당하다.{{원주|분회가 적다면 종자를 적시는 방법도 가능하다.}}밭이 척박하더라도 분회가 많으면 수확할 수 있다. 열매가 절반은 검고 절반은 흴 때 베어낸다. 뒤집어 세우면 모두 검어진다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
만약 산림으로 인해 비옥하고 흙이 두꺼운 땅이라면 '''화경'''하여 종자를 뿌리는데, 수확이 보통 때의 두 배가 된다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○종자를 적시는 방법: '''소똥''', '''말똥'''을 태워 재로 만든다. 외양간 웅덩이에 모인 오줌을 '''나무구유'''에 담고, '''교맥''' 종자를 한나절 동안 [여기에] 담갔다가 걸러낸다. [이것을] 잿속에 던져서 재가 종자에 달라붙도록 만든다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''유마''' {{원주|'''본초'''에서는 '''백유마'''라고 하고, 중국사람들은 '''지마'''라고 부르는데, 보통 사람들은 '''진임자'''라고 부른다.}}&lt;br /&gt;
'''수소자''' {{원주|속칭 '들깨''}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''English Translation'''==&lt;br /&gt;
'''Cultivating Buckwheat {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''memil''.}}'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It is good to get the right timing with buckwheat. {{Original Commentary|If the right time is missed and the frost comes, the harvest will be lost.}} If the '''autumnal equinox''' falls in the sixth (lunar) month, then (the time to sow is) within three days before the '''autumnal equinox'''. If autumnal equinox falls in the seventh month, then (the time to sow) is within three days after the '''autumnal equinox'''.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Wastelands''' are appropriate (for planting buckwheat). &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
After plowing in the fifth month, wait for the grass to grow thick and plow again in the sixth month. Plow once again when sowing.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For one '''''mal''''' of seed, (mix) one '''''seom''''' of '''manure and ash'''. {{Original Commentary|If lacking ashes, then drenching the seeds in water is fine.}} Even if the fields are barren, if there is enough ash, then there can be a harvest.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If half of the grain is dark and half is light, then cut it. If turned upright, then all of it will darken.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In places with early frosts, plowing should be done early. There is no need to necessarily wait for the '''autumnal equinox'''.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If the soil is fertile and dense due to forests, '''slash-and-burn farming''' will double the normal harvest.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○ Seed Drenching Method: Prepare ash by burning '''cow and horse manure'''. Take '''urine''' from the stable and put it in a '''trough''' and soak (the seeds in the urine) for half a day. Then, take (the seeds) out (of the urine) and toss them into the ash so that they become completely covered (with ash).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Sesame {{Original Commentary|In medicine it is called ''baegyuma''. The people of Tang call it ''zhima''. Its common name chinimja}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Perilla {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''tteulkkae''}}&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Glossary'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!--&lt;br /&gt;
'''Mangjong'''&lt;br /&gt;
{{#section-h:농사직설_Glossary|'''Mangjong'''}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Night soil'''&lt;br /&gt;
{{#section-h:농사직설_Glossary|'''Night soil'''}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===&amp;quot;교맥&amp;quot;===&lt;br /&gt;
*한글: 교맥&lt;br /&gt;
*한자: 蕎麥&lt;br /&gt;
*영문: Buckwheat&lt;br /&gt;
*향명&lt;br /&gt;
**항명 한자: 木麥&lt;br /&gt;
**항명 한자음: 목맥 &lt;br /&gt;
이 글에서 교맥은 메밀이다. 종류는 대부분 여름 메밀과 가을 메밀로 나누어지는데, 여름 메밀은 5월 중순에서 하순 사이에 파종되고, 가을 메밀은 7월 중에 파종된다. 수확하는 시기는 여름 메밀의 경우 7월 하순이고 가을 메밀은 10월에 수확한다. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Contents/SearchNavi?keyword=%EB%A9%94%EB%B0%80&amp;amp;ridx=0&amp;amp;tot=17 한국민족대백과사전:메밀]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
====관련 사료====&lt;br /&gt;
*清, 郭雲陞 『救荒簡易書』, 권1, 清 光緖二十二年(1896) 郭氏刻本, 救荒月令, 六月條, pp49~50.&lt;br /&gt;
**蠶六月種&lt;br /&gt;
...&lt;br /&gt;
**大子蕎麥, 六月種. 【九月熟.】&lt;br /&gt;
**小子蕎麥, 六月種. 【九月熟.】&lt;br /&gt;
...&lt;br /&gt;
**苜蓿菜六月和蕎麥種.&lt;br /&gt;
**莙薘菜六月和蕎麥種.&lt;br /&gt;
...&lt;br /&gt;
*大子蕎麥, 六月種解. 王象晉羣芳譜曰, 蕎麥一名荍麥·一名烏麥·一名花蕎·一名甜蕎. 莖弱而翹, 然易長易收磨麫如麥. 故曰蕎而與麥同名. 又名甜蕎, 以别苦蕎也. 南北皆有之. 立秋前後下種. 宻種則實多, 稀種則實少. 王禎農書曰, 蕎麥立秋前後種. 宻種則實多, 稀種則實少. 齊民要術曰, 種蕎麥, 立秋前後, 皆十日内種也. 洧曲舊聞曰, 麥備四時之氣, 蕎麥葉靑, 花白, 莖赤, 子黑, 根黄. 亦具五方之色. 然方結實時, 最畏霜.  此時得雨, 則於結實, 尤宜且不成. 霜農家呼爲解, 霜雨雲聞. 洛陽縣老農曰, 立秋後, 聞雷聲, 則百日無霜, 蕎麥可廣種也.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*小子蕎麥, 六月種解. 小子蕎麥, 一名京子. 蕎麥一名, 快蕎麥, 六月種之, 比於大子蕎麥, 其熟更早也.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===&amp;quot;두&amp;quot;===&lt;br /&gt;
*한글: 두&lt;br /&gt;
*한자: 斗&lt;br /&gt;
*영문: Du&lt;br /&gt;
곡식이나 액체 가루 종류 등의 분량을 측정하는 그릇 및 단위이다. 본래 우리나라에서는 1석(石)을 15말[斗]로 규정하고 있었다. 상고에서 고려 문종시기 이전까지도 말은 단일 제도가 아니었고, 조선 세종 때 단위제 개혁이 일어나 단일 단위로 정형화 된 것이다. 조선 세종 시기 한 말은 5,964 입방 센티미터 이며, 현재는 한 말에 20리터이다. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Contents/SearchNavi?keyword=%EB%A7%90&amp;amp;ridx=2&amp;amp;tot=2723 한국민족문화대백과사전:말［斗］]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===&amp;quot;분&amp;quot;===&lt;br /&gt;
*한글: 분 &lt;br /&gt;
*한자: 糞&lt;br /&gt;
*영문: Manure&lt;br /&gt;
동물의 배설물을 말하는데, 이 글에서는 말이나 소의 배설물을 퇴비로 사용하기 때문이다. 퇴비는 토지를 비옥하게 함으로 매우 중요한 요소이다.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://hanja.dict.naver.com/hanja?q=%E7%B3%9E&amp;amp;cp_code=0&amp;amp;sound_id=0 네이버 한자사전:분]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===&amp;quot;조&amp;quot;===&lt;br /&gt;
*한글: 조 &lt;br /&gt;
*한자: 槽&lt;br /&gt;
*영문: Trough&lt;br /&gt;
구유 여물통이라고 하며, 소나 말 같은 가축에게 음식물을 먹이는 용도의 용기이다. 그러나 여기서는 동물의 배설물을 담는 용도로 쓰였다.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Contents/SearchNavi?keyword=%EA%B5%AC%EC%9C%A0&amp;amp;ridx=0&amp;amp;tot=5 한국민족문화대백과사전:구유]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===&amp;quot;유마&amp;quot;===&lt;br /&gt;
*한글: 유마 &lt;br /&gt;
*한자: 油麻&lt;br /&gt;
*영문: Yuma&lt;br /&gt;
한국에서는 &amp;quot;참깨&amp;quot;로 많이 알려져 있다. 또는 &amp;quot;호마(胡麻)&amp;quot;라고도 알려져 있다. 온도가 높고 기후가 일정한 지역에서 잘 자란다. 자라는 기간은 3-4개월 정도이다. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Contents/SearchNavi?keyword=%EC%B0%B8%EA%B9%A8&amp;amp;ridx=0&amp;amp;tot=26 한국민족문화대백과사전:참깨]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====&amp;quot;유마&amp;quot;관련자료====&lt;br /&gt;
*清　郭雲陞,『救荒簡易書』권1 清光緖二十二年(1896) 郭氏刻本. &lt;br /&gt;
**事物源始云, '張騫使西域至大宛, 得其種, 植於中國.' 或向名胡麻. 石勒時, 諱胡字改名芝麻. 隋大業四年(608), 改胡麻曰交麻, 一名油麻. 沈括筆談云, '胡麻卽今油麻, 一名脂麻.'&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===&amp;quot;수소자&amp;quot;===&lt;br /&gt;
*한글: 수소자&lt;br /&gt;
*한자: 水蘇子&lt;br /&gt;
*영문: Sosucha&lt;br /&gt;
한국에서는 &amp;quot;들깨&amp;quot;로 많이 알려져 있다. 그리고 다른 명칭으로는 &amp;quot;수임자&amp;quot;로 이름이 불린다. 보통 볶아서 가루를 내어 양념으로 만들어 먹는다. 꽃은 흰색이고 8월-9월에 핀다.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Contents/SearchNavi?keyword=%EB%93%A4%EA%B9%A8&amp;amp;ridx=0&amp;amp;tot=6 한국민족문화대백과사전:들깨]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====&amp;quot;수소자&amp;quot;관련사료====&lt;br /&gt;
*明　鮑山,『野菜博録』草部 권1, 四部叢刊三編景明本. &lt;br /&gt;
**水蘇子&lt;br /&gt;
***【水蘇子】:生于濕地. 莖淡紫色對生莖乂, 葉亦對生葉似地葉而窄邊有花鋸齒三尖乂葉稍間開深黄色花葉味辛.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Footnote'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Further Reading'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:농사직설]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Jeeeun</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://dh.aks.ac.kr/~classics/wiki/index.php?title=NJ2018_Cultivating_Buckwheat&amp;diff=2829</id>
		<title>NJ2018 Cultivating Buckwheat</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://dh.aks.ac.kr/~classics/wiki/index.php?title=NJ2018_Cultivating_Buckwheat&amp;diff=2829"/>
				<updated>2018-06-13T02:46:51Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Jeeeun: /* Korean Translation */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{NJ2018 TOC}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Original Script'''==&lt;br /&gt;
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! style=&amp;quot;width:80%&amp;quot; | Text with Punctuation || style=&amp;quot;width:20%&amp;quot; | Text Image || style=&amp;quot;width:20%&amp;quot; | Text Image&lt;br /&gt;
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|種蕎麥&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【鄕名木麥】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;br/&amp;gt; 蕎麥趂時爲良。&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【失時遇霜不收。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; &amp;lt;br/&amp;gt; 立秋在六月, 則節前三日內, 立秋在七月, 則節後三日內, 乃其時也。&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt; 宜荒地。 五月耕之。 得草爛, 六月又耕。 下種時, 又耕之。&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt; 種子一斗, 糞灰一石爲度。 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【灰小, 則漬種亦可。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; 田雖塉薄, 多糞灰, 則可收。&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt; 其實半黑半白, 刈之。倒竪, 則皆黑。 其早霜處, 宜早耕, 不必待立秋前後也。&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt; 若山林肥厚之地, 火耕撒種, 所收倍常。&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt; ○漬種法: 燒牛馬糞爲灰, 以廐池尿盛貯木槽中, 漬蕎麥種半日, 漉出。投灰中, 令灰粘着種子。&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
油麻。 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【本草白油麻, 唐人稱芝麻, 俗所爲眞荏子。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; 水蘇子。&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【俗稱水荏子】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;a href=&amp;quot;http://digerati.aks.ac.kr/DhLab/2018/103/jpg/page-19-1.jpg&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;img src=&amp;quot;http://digerati.aks.ac.kr/DhLab/2018/103/thumb/page-19-1_xs.jpg&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;19&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/td&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;a href=&amp;quot;http://digerati.aks.ac.kr/DhLab/2018/103/jpg/page-20-1.jpg&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;img src=&amp;quot;http://digerati.aks.ac.kr/DhLab/2018/103/thumb/page-20-1_xs.jpg&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;20&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/td&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Korean Translation'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!--&lt;br /&gt;
늦벼[晩稻]를 수경(水耕)할 때는 정월에 얼음이 녹을 때 간다. 거름[糞]을 넣거나 흙을 넣는 것은 올벼 재배법과 동일하다. {{원주|올해 흙을 넣었다면 내년에는 거름을 넣거나 잡초를 넣는 방식으로 교대한다.}}흙이 진흙투성이거나 푸석푸석하거나 찬물 기운[水冷]이 있다면 완전히 새 흙이나 사토(莎土)를 채워 넣는다. (토질이) 척박하다면 소똥, 말똥 및 가지에 달린 갈잎[杼葉] {{원주|향명(鄕名)으로는 가을초(加乙草)이다.}}을 깔아주는데, 인분(人糞), 누에똥잠사(蠶沙)도 좋다. {{원주|다만 많이 구하는 것이 어렵다.}}3월 상순에서 망종절(芒種節) 사이에 다시 간다. {{원주|대체로 망종절보다 늦게 갈고 파종하면 (수확이) 부실하다.}}종자 담그기, 파종하기, 종자 덮기, 물대기, 김매기 방법은 모두 올벼 재배법과 동일하다. {{원주|6월 보름 이전에 3번 김매는 것이 가장 좋다. 6월 이내에 3번 김매는 것이 그 다음이다. 여기에도 미치지 못하는 것은 가장 나쁘다.}}&lt;br /&gt;
--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
'''교맥 재배법''' {{원주|향명 ''메밀''}}:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''교맥'''은 때에 맞추는 게 가장 좋다.{{원주|때를 놓치거나 서리를 만나면 수확하지 못한다.}}'''입추'''가 6월에 들었으면 '''입추''' 전 3일 이내에, '''입추'''가 7월에 들었으면 입추 후 3일 이내가 그 때이다. '''황무지'''가 [교맥 재배에] 적당하다. 5월에 밭을 간 후 풀이 무성해지면 6월에 다시 갈며, 종자를 심을 때 또 다시 간다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
종자 1말을 기준으로 '''분회''' 1'''섬'''을 [섞는 게] 적당하다.{{원주|분회가 적다면 종자를 적시는 방법도 가능하다.}}밭이 척박하더라도 분회가 많으면 수확할 수 있다. 열매가 절반은 검고 절반은 흴 때 베어낸다. 뒤집어 세우면 모두 검어진다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
만약 산림으로 인해 비옥하고 흙이 두꺼운 땅이라면 '''화경'''하여 종자를 뿌리는데, 수확이 보통 때의 두 배가 된다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○종자를 적시는 방법: '''소똥''', '''말똥'''을 태워 재로 만든다. 외양간 웅덩이에 모인 오줌을 '''나무구유'''에 담고, '''교맥''' 종자를 한나절 동안 [여기에] 담갔다가 걸러낸다. [이것을] 잿속에 던져서 재가 종자에 달라붙도록 만든다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''유마''' {{원주|'''본초'''에서는 '''백유마'''라고 하고, 중국사람들은 '''지마'''라고 부르는데, 보통 사람들은 '''진임자'''라고 부른다.}}&lt;br /&gt;
'''수소자''' {{원주|속칭 '들깨''}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''English Translation'''==&lt;br /&gt;
'''Cultivating Buckwheat {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''memil''.}}'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It is good to get the right timing with buckwheat. {{Original Commentary|If the right time is missed and the frost comes, the harvest will be lost.}} If the '''autumnal equinox''' falls in the sixth (lunar) month, then (the time to sow is) within three days before the '''autumnal equinox'''. If autumnal equinox falls in the seventh month, then (the time to sow) is within three days after the '''autumnal equinox'''.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Wastelands''' are appropriate (for planting buckwheat). &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
After plowing in the fifth month, wait for the grass to grow thick and plow again in the sixth month. Plow once again when sowing.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For one '''''mal''''' of seed, (mix) one '''''seom''''' of '''manure and ash'''. {{Original Commentary|If lacking ashes, then drenching the seeds in water is fine.}} Even if the fields are barren, if there is enough ash, then there can be a harvest.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If half of the grain is dark and half is light, then cut it. If turned upright, then all of it will darken.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In places with early frosts, plowing should be done early. There is no need to necessarily wait for the '''autumnal equinox'''.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If the soil is fertile and dense due to forests, '''slash-and-burn farming''' will double the normal harvest.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○ Seed Drenching Method: Prepare ash by burning '''cow and horse manure'''. Take '''urine''' from the stable and put it in a '''trough''' and soak (the seeds in the urine) for half a day. Then, take (the seeds) out (of the urine) and toss them into the ash so that they become completely covered (with ash).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Sesame {{Original Commentary|In medicine it is called ''baegyuma''. The people of Tang call it ''zhima''. Its common name chinimja}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Perilla {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''tteulkkae''}}&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Glossary'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!--&lt;br /&gt;
'''Mangjong'''&lt;br /&gt;
{{#section-h:농사직설_Glossary|'''Mangjong'''}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Night soil'''&lt;br /&gt;
{{#section-h:농사직설_Glossary|'''Night soil'''}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===&amp;quot;교맥&amp;quot;===&lt;br /&gt;
*한글: 교맥&lt;br /&gt;
*한자: 蕎麥&lt;br /&gt;
*영문: Buckwheat&lt;br /&gt;
*향명&lt;br /&gt;
**항명 한자: 木麥&lt;br /&gt;
**항명 한자음: 목맥 &lt;br /&gt;
이 글에서 교맥은 메밀이다. 종류는 대부분 여름 메밀과 가을 메밀로 나누어지는데, 여름 메밀은 5월 중순에서 하순 사이에 파종되고, 가을 메밀은 7월 중에 파종된다. 수확하는 시기는 여름 메밀의 경우 7월 하순이고 가을 메밀은 10월에 수확한다. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Contents/SearchNavi?keyword=%EB%A9%94%EB%B0%80&amp;amp;ridx=0&amp;amp;tot=17 한국민족대백과사전:메밀]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
====관련 사료====&lt;br /&gt;
*清, 郭雲陞 『救荒簡易書』, 권1, 清 光緖二十二年(1896) 郭氏刻本, 救荒月令, 六月條, pp49~50.&lt;br /&gt;
**蠶六月種&lt;br /&gt;
...&lt;br /&gt;
**大子蕎麥, 六月種. 【九月熟.】&lt;br /&gt;
**小子蕎麥, 六月種. 【九月熟.】&lt;br /&gt;
...&lt;br /&gt;
**苜蓿菜六月和蕎麥種.&lt;br /&gt;
**莙薘菜六月和蕎麥種.&lt;br /&gt;
...&lt;br /&gt;
*大子蕎麥, 六月種解. 王象晉羣芳譜曰, 蕎麥一名荍麥·一名烏麥·一名花蕎·一名甜蕎. 莖弱而翹, 然易長易收磨麫如麥. 故曰蕎而與麥同名. 又名甜蕎, 以别苦蕎也. 南北皆有之. 立秋前後下種. 宻種則實多, 稀種則實少. 王禎農書曰, 蕎麥立秋前後種. 宻種則實多, 稀種則實少. 齊民要術曰, 種蕎麥, 立秋前後, 皆十日内種也. 洧曲舊聞曰, 麥備四時之氣, 蕎麥葉靑, 花白, 莖赤, 子黑, 根黄. 亦具五方之色. 然方結實時, 最畏霜.  此時得雨, 則於結實, 尤宜且不成. 霜農家呼爲解, 霜雨雲聞. 洛陽縣老農曰, 立秋後, 聞雷聲, 則百日無霜, 蕎麥可廣種也.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*小子蕎麥, 六月種解. 小子蕎麥, 一名京子. 蕎麥一名, 快蕎麥, 六月種之, 比於大子蕎麥, 其熟更早也.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===&amp;quot;두&amp;quot;===&lt;br /&gt;
*한글: 두&lt;br /&gt;
*한자: 斗&lt;br /&gt;
*영문: Du&lt;br /&gt;
곡식이나 액체 가루 종류 등의 분량을 측정하는 그릇 및 단위이다. 본래 우리나라에서는 1석(石)을 15말[斗]로 규정하고 있었다. 상고에서 고려 문종시기 이전까지도 말은 단일 제도가 아니었고, 조선 세종 때 단위제 개혁이 일어나 단일 단위로 정형화 된 것이다. 조선 세종 시기 한 말은 5,964 입방 센티미터 이며, 현재는 한 말에 20리터이다. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Contents/SearchNavi?keyword=%EB%A7%90&amp;amp;ridx=2&amp;amp;tot=2723 한국민족문화대백과사전:말［斗］]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===&amp;quot;분&amp;quot;===&lt;br /&gt;
*한글: 분 &lt;br /&gt;
*한자: 糞&lt;br /&gt;
*영문: Manure&lt;br /&gt;
동물의 배설물을 말하는데, 이 글에서는 말이나 소의 배설물을 퇴비로 사용하기 때문이다. 퇴비는 토지를 비옥하게 함으로 매우 중요한 요소이다.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://hanja.dict.naver.com/hanja?q=%E7%B3%9E&amp;amp;cp_code=0&amp;amp;sound_id=0 네이버 한자사전:분]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===&amp;quot;조&amp;quot;===&lt;br /&gt;
*한글: 조 &lt;br /&gt;
*한자: 槽&lt;br /&gt;
*영문: Trough&lt;br /&gt;
구유 여물통이라고 하며, 소나 말 같은 가축에게 음식물을 먹이는 용도의 용기이다. 그러나 여기서는 동물의 배설물을 담는 용도로 쓰였다.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Contents/SearchNavi?keyword=%EA%B5%AC%EC%9C%A0&amp;amp;ridx=0&amp;amp;tot=5 한국민족문화대백과사전:구유]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===&amp;quot;유마&amp;quot;===&lt;br /&gt;
*한글: 유마 &lt;br /&gt;
*한자: 油麻&lt;br /&gt;
*영문: Yuma&lt;br /&gt;
한국에서는 &amp;quot;참깨&amp;quot;로 많이 알려져 있다. 또는 &amp;quot;호마(胡麻)&amp;quot;라고도 알려져 있다. 온도가 높고 기후가 일정한 지역에서 잘 자란다. 자라는 기간은 3-4개월 정도이다. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Contents/SearchNavi?keyword=%EC%B0%B8%EA%B9%A8&amp;amp;ridx=0&amp;amp;tot=26 한국민족문화대백과사전:참깨]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====&amp;quot;유마&amp;quot;관련자료====&lt;br /&gt;
*清　郭雲陞,『救荒簡易書』권1 清光緖二十二年(1896) 郭氏刻本. &lt;br /&gt;
**事物源始云, '張騫使西域至大宛, 得其種, 植於中國.' 或向名胡麻. 石勒時, 諱胡字改名芝麻. 隋大業四年(608), 改胡麻曰交麻, 一名油麻. 沈括筆談云, '胡麻卽今油麻, 一名脂麻.'&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===&amp;quot;수소자&amp;quot;===&lt;br /&gt;
*한글: 수소자&lt;br /&gt;
*한자: 水蘇子&lt;br /&gt;
*영문: Sosucha&lt;br /&gt;
한국에서는 &amp;quot;들깨&amp;quot;로 많이 알려져 있다. 그리고 다른 명칭으로는 &amp;quot;수임자&amp;quot;로 이름이 불린다. 보통 볶아서 가루를 내어 양념으로 만들어 먹는다. 꽃은 흰색이고 8월-9월에 핀다.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Contents/SearchNavi?keyword=%EB%93%A4%EA%B9%A8&amp;amp;ridx=0&amp;amp;tot=6 한국민족문화대백과사전:들깨]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====&amp;quot;수소자&amp;quot;관련사료====&lt;br /&gt;
*明　鮑山,『野菜博録』草部 권1, 四部叢刊三編景明本. &lt;br /&gt;
**水蘇子&lt;br /&gt;
***【水蘇子】:生于濕地. 莖淡紫色對生莖乂, 葉亦對生葉似地葉而窄邊有花鋸齒三尖乂葉稍間開深黄色花葉味辛.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Footnote'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Further Reading'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:농사직설]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Jeeeun</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://dh.aks.ac.kr/~classics/wiki/index.php?title=NJ2018_Cultivating_Buckwheat&amp;diff=2828</id>
		<title>NJ2018 Cultivating Buckwheat</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://dh.aks.ac.kr/~classics/wiki/index.php?title=NJ2018_Cultivating_Buckwheat&amp;diff=2828"/>
				<updated>2018-06-13T02:46:39Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Jeeeun: /* Korean Translation */&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;div&gt;{{NJ2018 TOC}}&lt;br /&gt;
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=='''Original Script'''==&lt;br /&gt;
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|種蕎麥&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【鄕名木麥】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;br/&amp;gt; 蕎麥趂時爲良。&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【失時遇霜不收。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; &amp;lt;br/&amp;gt; 立秋在六月, 則節前三日內, 立秋在七月, 則節後三日內, 乃其時也。&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt; 宜荒地。 五月耕之。 得草爛, 六月又耕。 下種時, 又耕之。&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt; 種子一斗, 糞灰一石爲度。 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【灰小, 則漬種亦可。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; 田雖塉薄, 多糞灰, 則可收。&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt; 其實半黑半白, 刈之。倒竪, 則皆黑。 其早霜處, 宜早耕, 不必待立秋前後也。&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt; 若山林肥厚之地, 火耕撒種, 所收倍常。&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt; ○漬種法: 燒牛馬糞爲灰, 以廐池尿盛貯木槽中, 漬蕎麥種半日, 漉出。投灰中, 令灰粘着種子。&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
油麻。 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【本草白油麻, 唐人稱芝麻, 俗所爲眞荏子。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; 水蘇子。&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【俗稱水荏子】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;a href=&amp;quot;http://digerati.aks.ac.kr/DhLab/2018/103/jpg/page-19-1.jpg&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;img src=&amp;quot;http://digerati.aks.ac.kr/DhLab/2018/103/thumb/page-19-1_xs.jpg&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;19&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/td&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;a href=&amp;quot;http://digerati.aks.ac.kr/DhLab/2018/103/jpg/page-20-1.jpg&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;img src=&amp;quot;http://digerati.aks.ac.kr/DhLab/2018/103/thumb/page-20-1_xs.jpg&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;20&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/td&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Korean Translation'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!--&lt;br /&gt;
늦벼[晩稻]를 수경(水耕)할 때는 정월에 얼음이 녹을 때 간다. 거름[糞]을 넣거나 흙을 넣는 것은 올벼 재배법과 동일하다. {{원주|올해 흙을 넣었다면 내년에는 거름을 넣거나 잡초를 넣는 방식으로 교대한다.}}흙이 진흙투성이거나 푸석푸석하거나 찬물 기운[水冷]이 있다면 완전히 새 흙이나 사토(莎土)를 채워 넣는다. (토질이) 척박하다면 소똥, 말똥 및 가지에 달린 갈잎[杼葉] {{원주|향명(鄕名)으로는 가을초(加乙草)이다.}}을 깔아주는데, 인분(人糞), 누에똥잠사(蠶沙)도 좋다. {{원주|다만 많이 구하는 것이 어렵다.}}3월 상순에서 망종절(芒種節) 사이에 다시 간다. {{원주|대체로 망종절보다 늦게 갈고 파종하면 (수확이) 부실하다.}}종자 담그기, 파종하기, 종자 덮기, 물대기, 김매기 방법은 모두 올벼 재배법과 동일하다. {{원주|6월 보름 이전에 3번 김매는 것이 가장 좋다. 6월 이내에 3번 김매는 것이 그 다음이다. 여기에도 미치지 못하는 것은 가장 나쁘다.}}&lt;br /&gt;
--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
'''교맥 재배법'''{{원주|향명 ''메밀''}}:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''교맥'''은 때에 맞추는 게 가장 좋다.{{원주|때를 놓치거나 서리를 만나면 수확하지 못한다.}}'''입추'''가 6월에 들었으면 '''입추''' 전 3일 이내에, '''입추'''가 7월에 들었으면 입추 후 3일 이내가 그 때이다. '''황무지'''가 [교맥 재배에] 적당하다. 5월에 밭을 간 후 풀이 무성해지면 6월에 다시 갈며, 종자를 심을 때 또 다시 간다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
종자 1말을 기준으로 '''분회''' 1'''섬'''을 [섞는 게] 적당하다.{{원주|분회가 적다면 종자를 적시는 방법도 가능하다.}}밭이 척박하더라도 분회가 많으면 수확할 수 있다. 열매가 절반은 검고 절반은 흴 때 베어낸다. 뒤집어 세우면 모두 검어진다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
만약 산림으로 인해 비옥하고 흙이 두꺼운 땅이라면 '''화경'''하여 종자를 뿌리는데, 수확이 보통 때의 두 배가 된다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○종자를 적시는 방법: '''소똥''', '''말똥'''을 태워 재로 만든다. 외양간 웅덩이에 모인 오줌을 '''나무구유'''에 담고, '''교맥''' 종자를 한나절 동안 [여기에] 담갔다가 걸러낸다. [이것을] 잿속에 던져서 재가 종자에 달라붙도록 만든다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''유마'''{{원주|'''본초'''에서는 '''백유마'''라고 하고, 중국사람들은 '''지마'''라고 부르는데, 보통 사람들은 '''진임자'''라고 부른다.}}&lt;br /&gt;
'''수소자''' {{원주|속칭 '들깨''}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''English Translation'''==&lt;br /&gt;
'''Cultivating Buckwheat {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''memil''.}}'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It is good to get the right timing with buckwheat. {{Original Commentary|If the right time is missed and the frost comes, the harvest will be lost.}} If the '''autumnal equinox''' falls in the sixth (lunar) month, then (the time to sow is) within three days before the '''autumnal equinox'''. If autumnal equinox falls in the seventh month, then (the time to sow) is within three days after the '''autumnal equinox'''.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Wastelands''' are appropriate (for planting buckwheat). &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
After plowing in the fifth month, wait for the grass to grow thick and plow again in the sixth month. Plow once again when sowing.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For one '''''mal''''' of seed, (mix) one '''''seom''''' of '''manure and ash'''. {{Original Commentary|If lacking ashes, then drenching the seeds in water is fine.}} Even if the fields are barren, if there is enough ash, then there can be a harvest.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If half of the grain is dark and half is light, then cut it. If turned upright, then all of it will darken.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In places with early frosts, plowing should be done early. There is no need to necessarily wait for the '''autumnal equinox'''.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If the soil is fertile and dense due to forests, '''slash-and-burn farming''' will double the normal harvest.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○ Seed Drenching Method: Prepare ash by burning '''cow and horse manure'''. Take '''urine''' from the stable and put it in a '''trough''' and soak (the seeds in the urine) for half a day. Then, take (the seeds) out (of the urine) and toss them into the ash so that they become completely covered (with ash).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Sesame {{Original Commentary|In medicine it is called ''baegyuma''. The people of Tang call it ''zhima''. Its common name chinimja}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Perilla {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''tteulkkae''}}&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Glossary'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!--&lt;br /&gt;
'''Mangjong'''&lt;br /&gt;
{{#section-h:농사직설_Glossary|'''Mangjong'''}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Night soil'''&lt;br /&gt;
{{#section-h:농사직설_Glossary|'''Night soil'''}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===&amp;quot;교맥&amp;quot;===&lt;br /&gt;
*한글: 교맥&lt;br /&gt;
*한자: 蕎麥&lt;br /&gt;
*영문: Buckwheat&lt;br /&gt;
*향명&lt;br /&gt;
**항명 한자: 木麥&lt;br /&gt;
**항명 한자음: 목맥 &lt;br /&gt;
이 글에서 교맥은 메밀이다. 종류는 대부분 여름 메밀과 가을 메밀로 나누어지는데, 여름 메밀은 5월 중순에서 하순 사이에 파종되고, 가을 메밀은 7월 중에 파종된다. 수확하는 시기는 여름 메밀의 경우 7월 하순이고 가을 메밀은 10월에 수확한다. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Contents/SearchNavi?keyword=%EB%A9%94%EB%B0%80&amp;amp;ridx=0&amp;amp;tot=17 한국민족대백과사전:메밀]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
====관련 사료====&lt;br /&gt;
*清, 郭雲陞 『救荒簡易書』, 권1, 清 光緖二十二年(1896) 郭氏刻本, 救荒月令, 六月條, pp49~50.&lt;br /&gt;
**蠶六月種&lt;br /&gt;
...&lt;br /&gt;
**大子蕎麥, 六月種. 【九月熟.】&lt;br /&gt;
**小子蕎麥, 六月種. 【九月熟.】&lt;br /&gt;
...&lt;br /&gt;
**苜蓿菜六月和蕎麥種.&lt;br /&gt;
**莙薘菜六月和蕎麥種.&lt;br /&gt;
...&lt;br /&gt;
*大子蕎麥, 六月種解. 王象晉羣芳譜曰, 蕎麥一名荍麥·一名烏麥·一名花蕎·一名甜蕎. 莖弱而翹, 然易長易收磨麫如麥. 故曰蕎而與麥同名. 又名甜蕎, 以别苦蕎也. 南北皆有之. 立秋前後下種. 宻種則實多, 稀種則實少. 王禎農書曰, 蕎麥立秋前後種. 宻種則實多, 稀種則實少. 齊民要術曰, 種蕎麥, 立秋前後, 皆十日内種也. 洧曲舊聞曰, 麥備四時之氣, 蕎麥葉靑, 花白, 莖赤, 子黑, 根黄. 亦具五方之色. 然方結實時, 最畏霜.  此時得雨, 則於結實, 尤宜且不成. 霜農家呼爲解, 霜雨雲聞. 洛陽縣老農曰, 立秋後, 聞雷聲, 則百日無霜, 蕎麥可廣種也.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*小子蕎麥, 六月種解. 小子蕎麥, 一名京子. 蕎麥一名, 快蕎麥, 六月種之, 比於大子蕎麥, 其熟更早也.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===&amp;quot;두&amp;quot;===&lt;br /&gt;
*한글: 두&lt;br /&gt;
*한자: 斗&lt;br /&gt;
*영문: Du&lt;br /&gt;
곡식이나 액체 가루 종류 등의 분량을 측정하는 그릇 및 단위이다. 본래 우리나라에서는 1석(石)을 15말[斗]로 규정하고 있었다. 상고에서 고려 문종시기 이전까지도 말은 단일 제도가 아니었고, 조선 세종 때 단위제 개혁이 일어나 단일 단위로 정형화 된 것이다. 조선 세종 시기 한 말은 5,964 입방 센티미터 이며, 현재는 한 말에 20리터이다. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Contents/SearchNavi?keyword=%EB%A7%90&amp;amp;ridx=2&amp;amp;tot=2723 한국민족문화대백과사전:말［斗］]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===&amp;quot;분&amp;quot;===&lt;br /&gt;
*한글: 분 &lt;br /&gt;
*한자: 糞&lt;br /&gt;
*영문: Manure&lt;br /&gt;
동물의 배설물을 말하는데, 이 글에서는 말이나 소의 배설물을 퇴비로 사용하기 때문이다. 퇴비는 토지를 비옥하게 함으로 매우 중요한 요소이다.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://hanja.dict.naver.com/hanja?q=%E7%B3%9E&amp;amp;cp_code=0&amp;amp;sound_id=0 네이버 한자사전:분]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===&amp;quot;조&amp;quot;===&lt;br /&gt;
*한글: 조 &lt;br /&gt;
*한자: 槽&lt;br /&gt;
*영문: Trough&lt;br /&gt;
구유 여물통이라고 하며, 소나 말 같은 가축에게 음식물을 먹이는 용도의 용기이다. 그러나 여기서는 동물의 배설물을 담는 용도로 쓰였다.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Contents/SearchNavi?keyword=%EA%B5%AC%EC%9C%A0&amp;amp;ridx=0&amp;amp;tot=5 한국민족문화대백과사전:구유]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===&amp;quot;유마&amp;quot;===&lt;br /&gt;
*한글: 유마 &lt;br /&gt;
*한자: 油麻&lt;br /&gt;
*영문: Yuma&lt;br /&gt;
한국에서는 &amp;quot;참깨&amp;quot;로 많이 알려져 있다. 또는 &amp;quot;호마(胡麻)&amp;quot;라고도 알려져 있다. 온도가 높고 기후가 일정한 지역에서 잘 자란다. 자라는 기간은 3-4개월 정도이다. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Contents/SearchNavi?keyword=%EC%B0%B8%EA%B9%A8&amp;amp;ridx=0&amp;amp;tot=26 한국민족문화대백과사전:참깨]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====&amp;quot;유마&amp;quot;관련자료====&lt;br /&gt;
*清　郭雲陞,『救荒簡易書』권1 清光緖二十二年(1896) 郭氏刻本. &lt;br /&gt;
**事物源始云, '張騫使西域至大宛, 得其種, 植於中國.' 或向名胡麻. 石勒時, 諱胡字改名芝麻. 隋大業四年(608), 改胡麻曰交麻, 一名油麻. 沈括筆談云, '胡麻卽今油麻, 一名脂麻.'&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===&amp;quot;수소자&amp;quot;===&lt;br /&gt;
*한글: 수소자&lt;br /&gt;
*한자: 水蘇子&lt;br /&gt;
*영문: Sosucha&lt;br /&gt;
한국에서는 &amp;quot;들깨&amp;quot;로 많이 알려져 있다. 그리고 다른 명칭으로는 &amp;quot;수임자&amp;quot;로 이름이 불린다. 보통 볶아서 가루를 내어 양념으로 만들어 먹는다. 꽃은 흰색이고 8월-9월에 핀다.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Contents/SearchNavi?keyword=%EB%93%A4%EA%B9%A8&amp;amp;ridx=0&amp;amp;tot=6 한국민족문화대백과사전:들깨]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====&amp;quot;수소자&amp;quot;관련사료====&lt;br /&gt;
*明　鮑山,『野菜博録』草部 권1, 四部叢刊三編景明本. &lt;br /&gt;
**水蘇子&lt;br /&gt;
***【水蘇子】:生于濕地. 莖淡紫色對生莖乂, 葉亦對生葉似地葉而窄邊有花鋸齒三尖乂葉稍間開深黄色花葉味辛.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Footnote'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Further Reading'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:농사직설]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Jeeeun</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://dh.aks.ac.kr/~classics/wiki/index.php?title=NJ2018_Cultivating_Buckwheat&amp;diff=2827</id>
		<title>NJ2018 Cultivating Buckwheat</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://dh.aks.ac.kr/~classics/wiki/index.php?title=NJ2018_Cultivating_Buckwheat&amp;diff=2827"/>
				<updated>2018-06-13T02:46:24Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Jeeeun: /* Korean Translation */&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;div&gt;{{NJ2018 TOC}}&lt;br /&gt;
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=='''Original Script'''==&lt;br /&gt;
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! style=&amp;quot;width:80%&amp;quot; | Text with Punctuation || style=&amp;quot;width:20%&amp;quot; | Text Image || style=&amp;quot;width:20%&amp;quot; | Text Image&lt;br /&gt;
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|種蕎麥&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【鄕名木麥】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;br/&amp;gt; 蕎麥趂時爲良。&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【失時遇霜不收。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; &amp;lt;br/&amp;gt; 立秋在六月, 則節前三日內, 立秋在七月, 則節後三日內, 乃其時也。&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt; 宜荒地。 五月耕之。 得草爛, 六月又耕。 下種時, 又耕之。&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt; 種子一斗, 糞灰一石爲度。 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【灰小, 則漬種亦可。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; 田雖塉薄, 多糞灰, 則可收。&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt; 其實半黑半白, 刈之。倒竪, 則皆黑。 其早霜處, 宜早耕, 不必待立秋前後也。&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt; 若山林肥厚之地, 火耕撒種, 所收倍常。&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt; ○漬種法: 燒牛馬糞爲灰, 以廐池尿盛貯木槽中, 漬蕎麥種半日, 漉出。投灰中, 令灰粘着種子。&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
油麻。 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【本草白油麻, 唐人稱芝麻, 俗所爲眞荏子。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; 水蘇子。&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【俗稱水荏子】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;a href=&amp;quot;http://digerati.aks.ac.kr/DhLab/2018/103/jpg/page-19-1.jpg&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;img src=&amp;quot;http://digerati.aks.ac.kr/DhLab/2018/103/thumb/page-19-1_xs.jpg&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;19&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/td&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Korean Translation'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!--&lt;br /&gt;
늦벼[晩稻]를 수경(水耕)할 때는 정월에 얼음이 녹을 때 간다. 거름[糞]을 넣거나 흙을 넣는 것은 올벼 재배법과 동일하다. {{원주|올해 흙을 넣었다면 내년에는 거름을 넣거나 잡초를 넣는 방식으로 교대한다.}}흙이 진흙투성이거나 푸석푸석하거나 찬물 기운[水冷]이 있다면 완전히 새 흙이나 사토(莎土)를 채워 넣는다. (토질이) 척박하다면 소똥, 말똥 및 가지에 달린 갈잎[杼葉] {{원주|향명(鄕名)으로는 가을초(加乙草)이다.}}을 깔아주는데, 인분(人糞), 누에똥잠사(蠶沙)도 좋다. {{원주|다만 많이 구하는 것이 어렵다.}}3월 상순에서 망종절(芒種節) 사이에 다시 간다. {{원주|대체로 망종절보다 늦게 갈고 파종하면 (수확이) 부실하다.}}종자 담그기, 파종하기, 종자 덮기, 물대기, 김매기 방법은 모두 올벼 재배법과 동일하다. {{원주|6월 보름 이전에 3번 김매는 것이 가장 좋다. 6월 이내에 3번 김매는 것이 그 다음이다. 여기에도 미치지 못하는 것은 가장 나쁘다.}}&lt;br /&gt;
--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
'''교맥 재배법'''{{원주|향명 ''메밀''}}:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''교맥'''은 때에 맞추는 게 가장 좋다.{{원주|때를 놓치거나 서리를 만나면 수확하지 못한다.}}'''입추'''가 6월에 들었으면 '''입추''' 전 3일 이내에, '''입추'''가 7월에 들었으면 입추 후 3일 이내가 그 때이다. '''황무지'''가 [교맥 재배에] 적당하다. 5월에 밭을 간 후 풀이 무성해지면 6월에 다시 갈며, 종자를 심을 때 또 다시 간다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
종자 1말을 기준으로 '''분회''' 1'''섬'''을 [섞는 게] 적당하다.{{원주|분회가 적다면 종자를 적시는 방법도 가능하다.}}밭이 척박하더라도 분회가 많으면 수확할 수 있다. 열매가 절반은 검고 절반은 흴 때 베어낸다. 뒤집어 세우면 모두 검어진다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
만약 산림으로 인해 비옥하고 흙이 두꺼운 땅이라면 '''화경'''하여 종자를 뿌리는데, 수확이 보통 때의 두 배가 된다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○종자를 적시는 방법: '''소똥''', '''말똥'''을 태워 재로 만든다. 외양간 웅덩이에 모인 오줌을 '''나무구유'''에 담고, '''교맥''' 종자를 한나절 동안 [여기에] 담갔다가 걸러낸다. [이것을] 잿속에 던져서 재가 종자에 달라붙도록 만든다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''유마'''{{원주|'''본초'''에서는 '''백유마'''라고 하고, 중국사람들은 '''지마'''라고 부르는데, 보통 사람들은 '''진임자'''라고 부른다.}}&lt;br /&gt;
'''수소자'''.{{원주|속칭 '들깨''}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''English Translation'''==&lt;br /&gt;
'''Cultivating Buckwheat {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''memil''.}}'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It is good to get the right timing with buckwheat. {{Original Commentary|If the right time is missed and the frost comes, the harvest will be lost.}} If the '''autumnal equinox''' falls in the sixth (lunar) month, then (the time to sow is) within three days before the '''autumnal equinox'''. If autumnal equinox falls in the seventh month, then (the time to sow) is within three days after the '''autumnal equinox'''.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Wastelands''' are appropriate (for planting buckwheat). &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
After plowing in the fifth month, wait for the grass to grow thick and plow again in the sixth month. Plow once again when sowing.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For one '''''mal''''' of seed, (mix) one '''''seom''''' of '''manure and ash'''. {{Original Commentary|If lacking ashes, then drenching the seeds in water is fine.}} Even if the fields are barren, if there is enough ash, then there can be a harvest.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If half of the grain is dark and half is light, then cut it. If turned upright, then all of it will darken.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In places with early frosts, plowing should be done early. There is no need to necessarily wait for the '''autumnal equinox'''.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If the soil is fertile and dense due to forests, '''slash-and-burn farming''' will double the normal harvest.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○ Seed Drenching Method: Prepare ash by burning '''cow and horse manure'''. Take '''urine''' from the stable and put it in a '''trough''' and soak (the seeds in the urine) for half a day. Then, take (the seeds) out (of the urine) and toss them into the ash so that they become completely covered (with ash).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Sesame {{Original Commentary|In medicine it is called ''baegyuma''. The people of Tang call it ''zhima''. Its common name chinimja}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Perilla {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''tteulkkae''}}&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Glossary'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!--&lt;br /&gt;
'''Mangjong'''&lt;br /&gt;
{{#section-h:농사직설_Glossary|'''Mangjong'''}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Night soil'''&lt;br /&gt;
{{#section-h:농사직설_Glossary|'''Night soil'''}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===&amp;quot;교맥&amp;quot;===&lt;br /&gt;
*한글: 교맥&lt;br /&gt;
*한자: 蕎麥&lt;br /&gt;
*영문: Buckwheat&lt;br /&gt;
*향명&lt;br /&gt;
**항명 한자: 木麥&lt;br /&gt;
**항명 한자음: 목맥 &lt;br /&gt;
이 글에서 교맥은 메밀이다. 종류는 대부분 여름 메밀과 가을 메밀로 나누어지는데, 여름 메밀은 5월 중순에서 하순 사이에 파종되고, 가을 메밀은 7월 중에 파종된다. 수확하는 시기는 여름 메밀의 경우 7월 하순이고 가을 메밀은 10월에 수확한다. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Contents/SearchNavi?keyword=%EB%A9%94%EB%B0%80&amp;amp;ridx=0&amp;amp;tot=17 한국민족대백과사전:메밀]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
====관련 사료====&lt;br /&gt;
*清, 郭雲陞 『救荒簡易書』, 권1, 清 光緖二十二年(1896) 郭氏刻本, 救荒月令, 六月條, pp49~50.&lt;br /&gt;
**蠶六月種&lt;br /&gt;
...&lt;br /&gt;
**大子蕎麥, 六月種. 【九月熟.】&lt;br /&gt;
**小子蕎麥, 六月種. 【九月熟.】&lt;br /&gt;
...&lt;br /&gt;
**苜蓿菜六月和蕎麥種.&lt;br /&gt;
**莙薘菜六月和蕎麥種.&lt;br /&gt;
...&lt;br /&gt;
*大子蕎麥, 六月種解. 王象晉羣芳譜曰, 蕎麥一名荍麥·一名烏麥·一名花蕎·一名甜蕎. 莖弱而翹, 然易長易收磨麫如麥. 故曰蕎而與麥同名. 又名甜蕎, 以别苦蕎也. 南北皆有之. 立秋前後下種. 宻種則實多, 稀種則實少. 王禎農書曰, 蕎麥立秋前後種. 宻種則實多, 稀種則實少. 齊民要術曰, 種蕎麥, 立秋前後, 皆十日内種也. 洧曲舊聞曰, 麥備四時之氣, 蕎麥葉靑, 花白, 莖赤, 子黑, 根黄. 亦具五方之色. 然方結實時, 最畏霜.  此時得雨, 則於結實, 尤宜且不成. 霜農家呼爲解, 霜雨雲聞. 洛陽縣老農曰, 立秋後, 聞雷聲, 則百日無霜, 蕎麥可廣種也.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*小子蕎麥, 六月種解. 小子蕎麥, 一名京子. 蕎麥一名, 快蕎麥, 六月種之, 比於大子蕎麥, 其熟更早也.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===&amp;quot;두&amp;quot;===&lt;br /&gt;
*한글: 두&lt;br /&gt;
*한자: 斗&lt;br /&gt;
*영문: Du&lt;br /&gt;
곡식이나 액체 가루 종류 등의 분량을 측정하는 그릇 및 단위이다. 본래 우리나라에서는 1석(石)을 15말[斗]로 규정하고 있었다. 상고에서 고려 문종시기 이전까지도 말은 단일 제도가 아니었고, 조선 세종 때 단위제 개혁이 일어나 단일 단위로 정형화 된 것이다. 조선 세종 시기 한 말은 5,964 입방 센티미터 이며, 현재는 한 말에 20리터이다. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Contents/SearchNavi?keyword=%EB%A7%90&amp;amp;ridx=2&amp;amp;tot=2723 한국민족문화대백과사전:말［斗］]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===&amp;quot;분&amp;quot;===&lt;br /&gt;
*한글: 분 &lt;br /&gt;
*한자: 糞&lt;br /&gt;
*영문: Manure&lt;br /&gt;
동물의 배설물을 말하는데, 이 글에서는 말이나 소의 배설물을 퇴비로 사용하기 때문이다. 퇴비는 토지를 비옥하게 함으로 매우 중요한 요소이다.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://hanja.dict.naver.com/hanja?q=%E7%B3%9E&amp;amp;cp_code=0&amp;amp;sound_id=0 네이버 한자사전:분]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===&amp;quot;조&amp;quot;===&lt;br /&gt;
*한글: 조 &lt;br /&gt;
*한자: 槽&lt;br /&gt;
*영문: Trough&lt;br /&gt;
구유 여물통이라고 하며, 소나 말 같은 가축에게 음식물을 먹이는 용도의 용기이다. 그러나 여기서는 동물의 배설물을 담는 용도로 쓰였다.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Contents/SearchNavi?keyword=%EA%B5%AC%EC%9C%A0&amp;amp;ridx=0&amp;amp;tot=5 한국민족문화대백과사전:구유]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===&amp;quot;유마&amp;quot;===&lt;br /&gt;
*한글: 유마 &lt;br /&gt;
*한자: 油麻&lt;br /&gt;
*영문: Yuma&lt;br /&gt;
한국에서는 &amp;quot;참깨&amp;quot;로 많이 알려져 있다. 또는 &amp;quot;호마(胡麻)&amp;quot;라고도 알려져 있다. 온도가 높고 기후가 일정한 지역에서 잘 자란다. 자라는 기간은 3-4개월 정도이다. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Contents/SearchNavi?keyword=%EC%B0%B8%EA%B9%A8&amp;amp;ridx=0&amp;amp;tot=26 한국민족문화대백과사전:참깨]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====&amp;quot;유마&amp;quot;관련자료====&lt;br /&gt;
*清　郭雲陞,『救荒簡易書』권1 清光緖二十二年(1896) 郭氏刻本. &lt;br /&gt;
**事物源始云, '張騫使西域至大宛, 得其種, 植於中國.' 或向名胡麻. 石勒時, 諱胡字改名芝麻. 隋大業四年(608), 改胡麻曰交麻, 一名油麻. 沈括筆談云, '胡麻卽今油麻, 一名脂麻.'&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===&amp;quot;수소자&amp;quot;===&lt;br /&gt;
*한글: 수소자&lt;br /&gt;
*한자: 水蘇子&lt;br /&gt;
*영문: Sosucha&lt;br /&gt;
한국에서는 &amp;quot;들깨&amp;quot;로 많이 알려져 있다. 그리고 다른 명칭으로는 &amp;quot;수임자&amp;quot;로 이름이 불린다. 보통 볶아서 가루를 내어 양념으로 만들어 먹는다. 꽃은 흰색이고 8월-9월에 핀다.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Contents/SearchNavi?keyword=%EB%93%A4%EA%B9%A8&amp;amp;ridx=0&amp;amp;tot=6 한국민족문화대백과사전:들깨]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====&amp;quot;수소자&amp;quot;관련사료====&lt;br /&gt;
*明　鮑山,『野菜博録』草部 권1, 四部叢刊三編景明本. &lt;br /&gt;
**水蘇子&lt;br /&gt;
***【水蘇子】:生于濕地. 莖淡紫色對生莖乂, 葉亦對生葉似地葉而窄邊有花鋸齒三尖乂葉稍間開深黄色花葉味辛.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Footnote'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Further Reading'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:농사직설]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Jeeeun</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://dh.aks.ac.kr/~classics/wiki/index.php?title=NJ2018_Cultivating_Buckwheat&amp;diff=2826</id>
		<title>NJ2018 Cultivating Buckwheat</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://dh.aks.ac.kr/~classics/wiki/index.php?title=NJ2018_Cultivating_Buckwheat&amp;diff=2826"/>
				<updated>2018-06-13T02:46:16Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Jeeeun: /* Korean Translation */&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;div&gt;{{NJ2018 TOC}}&lt;br /&gt;
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=='''Original Script'''==&lt;br /&gt;
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|種蕎麥&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【鄕名木麥】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;br/&amp;gt; 蕎麥趂時爲良。&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【失時遇霜不收。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; &amp;lt;br/&amp;gt; 立秋在六月, 則節前三日內, 立秋在七月, 則節後三日內, 乃其時也。&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt; 宜荒地。 五月耕之。 得草爛, 六月又耕。 下種時, 又耕之。&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt; 種子一斗, 糞灰一石爲度。 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【灰小, 則漬種亦可。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; 田雖塉薄, 多糞灰, 則可收。&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt; 其實半黑半白, 刈之。倒竪, 則皆黑。 其早霜處, 宜早耕, 不必待立秋前後也。&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt; 若山林肥厚之地, 火耕撒種, 所收倍常。&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt; ○漬種法: 燒牛馬糞爲灰, 以廐池尿盛貯木槽中, 漬蕎麥種半日, 漉出。投灰中, 令灰粘着種子。&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
油麻。 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【本草白油麻, 唐人稱芝麻, 俗所爲眞荏子。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; 水蘇子。&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【俗稱水荏子】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Korean Translation'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!--&lt;br /&gt;
늦벼[晩稻]를 수경(水耕)할 때는 정월에 얼음이 녹을 때 간다. 거름[糞]을 넣거나 흙을 넣는 것은 올벼 재배법과 동일하다. {{원주|올해 흙을 넣었다면 내년에는 거름을 넣거나 잡초를 넣는 방식으로 교대한다.}}흙이 진흙투성이거나 푸석푸석하거나 찬물 기운[水冷]이 있다면 완전히 새 흙이나 사토(莎土)를 채워 넣는다. (토질이) 척박하다면 소똥, 말똥 및 가지에 달린 갈잎[杼葉] {{원주|향명(鄕名)으로는 가을초(加乙草)이다.}}을 깔아주는데, 인분(人糞), 누에똥잠사(蠶沙)도 좋다. {{원주|다만 많이 구하는 것이 어렵다.}}3월 상순에서 망종절(芒種節) 사이에 다시 간다. {{원주|대체로 망종절보다 늦게 갈고 파종하면 (수확이) 부실하다.}}종자 담그기, 파종하기, 종자 덮기, 물대기, 김매기 방법은 모두 올벼 재배법과 동일하다. {{원주|6월 보름 이전에 3번 김매는 것이 가장 좋다. 6월 이내에 3번 김매는 것이 그 다음이다. 여기에도 미치지 못하는 것은 가장 나쁘다.}}&lt;br /&gt;
--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
'''교맥 재배법'''{{원주|향명 ''메밀''}}:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''교맥'''은 때에 맞추는 게 가장 좋다.{{원주|때를 놓치거나 서리를 만나면 수확하지 못한다.}}'''입추'''가 6월에 들었으면 '''입추''' 전 3일 이내에, '''입추'''가 7월에 들었으면 입추 후 3일 이내가 그 때이다. '''황무지'''가 [교맥 재배에] 적당하다. 5월에 밭을 간 후 풀이 무성해지면 6월에 다시 갈며, 종자를 심을 때 또 다시 간다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
종자 1말을 기준으로 '''분회''' 1'''섬'''을 [섞는 게] 적당하다.{{원주|분회가 적다면 종자를 적시는 방법도 가능하다.}}밭이 척박하더라도 분회가 많으면 수확할 수 있다. 열매가 절반은 검고 절반은 흴 때 베어낸다. 뒤집어 세우면 모두 검어진다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
만약 산림으로 인해 비옥하고 흙이 두꺼운 땅이라면 '''화경'''하여 종자를 뿌리는데, 수확이 보통 때의 두 배가 된다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○종자를 적시는 방법: '''소똥''', '''말똥'''을 태워 재로 만든다. 외양간 웅덩이에 모인 오줌을 '''나무구유'''에 담고, '''교맥''' 종자를 한나절 동안 [여기에] 담갔다가 걸러낸다. [이것을] 잿속에 던져서 재가 종자에 달라붙도록 만든다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''유마'''{{원주|'''본초'''에서는 '''백유마'''라고 하고, 중국사람들은 '''지마'''라고 부르는데, 보통 사람들은 '''진임자'''라고 부른다.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''수소자'''.{{원주|속칭 '들깨''}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''English Translation'''==&lt;br /&gt;
'''Cultivating Buckwheat {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''memil''.}}'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It is good to get the right timing with buckwheat. {{Original Commentary|If the right time is missed and the frost comes, the harvest will be lost.}} If the '''autumnal equinox''' falls in the sixth (lunar) month, then (the time to sow is) within three days before the '''autumnal equinox'''. If autumnal equinox falls in the seventh month, then (the time to sow) is within three days after the '''autumnal equinox'''.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Wastelands''' are appropriate (for planting buckwheat). &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
After plowing in the fifth month, wait for the grass to grow thick and plow again in the sixth month. Plow once again when sowing.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For one '''''mal''''' of seed, (mix) one '''''seom''''' of '''manure and ash'''. {{Original Commentary|If lacking ashes, then drenching the seeds in water is fine.}} Even if the fields are barren, if there is enough ash, then there can be a harvest.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If half of the grain is dark and half is light, then cut it. If turned upright, then all of it will darken.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In places with early frosts, plowing should be done early. There is no need to necessarily wait for the '''autumnal equinox'''.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If the soil is fertile and dense due to forests, '''slash-and-burn farming''' will double the normal harvest.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○ Seed Drenching Method: Prepare ash by burning '''cow and horse manure'''. Take '''urine''' from the stable and put it in a '''trough''' and soak (the seeds in the urine) for half a day. Then, take (the seeds) out (of the urine) and toss them into the ash so that they become completely covered (with ash).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Sesame {{Original Commentary|In medicine it is called ''baegyuma''. The people of Tang call it ''zhima''. Its common name chinimja}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Perilla {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''tteulkkae''}}&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Glossary'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!--&lt;br /&gt;
'''Mangjong'''&lt;br /&gt;
{{#section-h:농사직설_Glossary|'''Mangjong'''}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Night soil'''&lt;br /&gt;
{{#section-h:농사직설_Glossary|'''Night soil'''}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===&amp;quot;교맥&amp;quot;===&lt;br /&gt;
*한글: 교맥&lt;br /&gt;
*한자: 蕎麥&lt;br /&gt;
*영문: Buckwheat&lt;br /&gt;
*향명&lt;br /&gt;
**항명 한자: 木麥&lt;br /&gt;
**항명 한자음: 목맥 &lt;br /&gt;
이 글에서 교맥은 메밀이다. 종류는 대부분 여름 메밀과 가을 메밀로 나누어지는데, 여름 메밀은 5월 중순에서 하순 사이에 파종되고, 가을 메밀은 7월 중에 파종된다. 수확하는 시기는 여름 메밀의 경우 7월 하순이고 가을 메밀은 10월에 수확한다. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Contents/SearchNavi?keyword=%EB%A9%94%EB%B0%80&amp;amp;ridx=0&amp;amp;tot=17 한국민족대백과사전:메밀]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
====관련 사료====&lt;br /&gt;
*清, 郭雲陞 『救荒簡易書』, 권1, 清 光緖二十二年(1896) 郭氏刻本, 救荒月令, 六月條, pp49~50.&lt;br /&gt;
**蠶六月種&lt;br /&gt;
...&lt;br /&gt;
**大子蕎麥, 六月種. 【九月熟.】&lt;br /&gt;
**小子蕎麥, 六月種. 【九月熟.】&lt;br /&gt;
...&lt;br /&gt;
**苜蓿菜六月和蕎麥種.&lt;br /&gt;
**莙薘菜六月和蕎麥種.&lt;br /&gt;
...&lt;br /&gt;
*大子蕎麥, 六月種解. 王象晉羣芳譜曰, 蕎麥一名荍麥·一名烏麥·一名花蕎·一名甜蕎. 莖弱而翹, 然易長易收磨麫如麥. 故曰蕎而與麥同名. 又名甜蕎, 以别苦蕎也. 南北皆有之. 立秋前後下種. 宻種則實多, 稀種則實少. 王禎農書曰, 蕎麥立秋前後種. 宻種則實多, 稀種則實少. 齊民要術曰, 種蕎麥, 立秋前後, 皆十日内種也. 洧曲舊聞曰, 麥備四時之氣, 蕎麥葉靑, 花白, 莖赤, 子黑, 根黄. 亦具五方之色. 然方結實時, 最畏霜.  此時得雨, 則於結實, 尤宜且不成. 霜農家呼爲解, 霜雨雲聞. 洛陽縣老農曰, 立秋後, 聞雷聲, 則百日無霜, 蕎麥可廣種也.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*小子蕎麥, 六月種解. 小子蕎麥, 一名京子. 蕎麥一名, 快蕎麥, 六月種之, 比於大子蕎麥, 其熟更早也.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===&amp;quot;두&amp;quot;===&lt;br /&gt;
*한글: 두&lt;br /&gt;
*한자: 斗&lt;br /&gt;
*영문: Du&lt;br /&gt;
곡식이나 액체 가루 종류 등의 분량을 측정하는 그릇 및 단위이다. 본래 우리나라에서는 1석(石)을 15말[斗]로 규정하고 있었다. 상고에서 고려 문종시기 이전까지도 말은 단일 제도가 아니었고, 조선 세종 때 단위제 개혁이 일어나 단일 단위로 정형화 된 것이다. 조선 세종 시기 한 말은 5,964 입방 센티미터 이며, 현재는 한 말에 20리터이다. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Contents/SearchNavi?keyword=%EB%A7%90&amp;amp;ridx=2&amp;amp;tot=2723 한국민족문화대백과사전:말［斗］]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===&amp;quot;분&amp;quot;===&lt;br /&gt;
*한글: 분 &lt;br /&gt;
*한자: 糞&lt;br /&gt;
*영문: Manure&lt;br /&gt;
동물의 배설물을 말하는데, 이 글에서는 말이나 소의 배설물을 퇴비로 사용하기 때문이다. 퇴비는 토지를 비옥하게 함으로 매우 중요한 요소이다.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://hanja.dict.naver.com/hanja?q=%E7%B3%9E&amp;amp;cp_code=0&amp;amp;sound_id=0 네이버 한자사전:분]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===&amp;quot;조&amp;quot;===&lt;br /&gt;
*한글: 조 &lt;br /&gt;
*한자: 槽&lt;br /&gt;
*영문: Trough&lt;br /&gt;
구유 여물통이라고 하며, 소나 말 같은 가축에게 음식물을 먹이는 용도의 용기이다. 그러나 여기서는 동물의 배설물을 담는 용도로 쓰였다.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Contents/SearchNavi?keyword=%EA%B5%AC%EC%9C%A0&amp;amp;ridx=0&amp;amp;tot=5 한국민족문화대백과사전:구유]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===&amp;quot;유마&amp;quot;===&lt;br /&gt;
*한글: 유마 &lt;br /&gt;
*한자: 油麻&lt;br /&gt;
*영문: Yuma&lt;br /&gt;
한국에서는 &amp;quot;참깨&amp;quot;로 많이 알려져 있다. 또는 &amp;quot;호마(胡麻)&amp;quot;라고도 알려져 있다. 온도가 높고 기후가 일정한 지역에서 잘 자란다. 자라는 기간은 3-4개월 정도이다. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Contents/SearchNavi?keyword=%EC%B0%B8%EA%B9%A8&amp;amp;ridx=0&amp;amp;tot=26 한국민족문화대백과사전:참깨]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====&amp;quot;유마&amp;quot;관련자료====&lt;br /&gt;
*清　郭雲陞,『救荒簡易書』권1 清光緖二十二年(1896) 郭氏刻本. &lt;br /&gt;
**事物源始云, '張騫使西域至大宛, 得其種, 植於中國.' 或向名胡麻. 石勒時, 諱胡字改名芝麻. 隋大業四年(608), 改胡麻曰交麻, 一名油麻. 沈括筆談云, '胡麻卽今油麻, 一名脂麻.'&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===&amp;quot;수소자&amp;quot;===&lt;br /&gt;
*한글: 수소자&lt;br /&gt;
*한자: 水蘇子&lt;br /&gt;
*영문: Sosucha&lt;br /&gt;
한국에서는 &amp;quot;들깨&amp;quot;로 많이 알려져 있다. 그리고 다른 명칭으로는 &amp;quot;수임자&amp;quot;로 이름이 불린다. 보통 볶아서 가루를 내어 양념으로 만들어 먹는다. 꽃은 흰색이고 8월-9월에 핀다.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Contents/SearchNavi?keyword=%EB%93%A4%EA%B9%A8&amp;amp;ridx=0&amp;amp;tot=6 한국민족문화대백과사전:들깨]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====&amp;quot;수소자&amp;quot;관련사료====&lt;br /&gt;
*明　鮑山,『野菜博録』草部 권1, 四部叢刊三編景明本. &lt;br /&gt;
**水蘇子&lt;br /&gt;
***【水蘇子】:生于濕地. 莖淡紫色對生莖乂, 葉亦對生葉似地葉而窄邊有花鋸齒三尖乂葉稍間開深黄色花葉味辛.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Footnote'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Further Reading'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:농사직설]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Jeeeun</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://dh.aks.ac.kr/~classics/wiki/index.php?title=NJ2018_Cultivating_Buckwheat&amp;diff=2825</id>
		<title>NJ2018 Cultivating Buckwheat</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://dh.aks.ac.kr/~classics/wiki/index.php?title=NJ2018_Cultivating_Buckwheat&amp;diff=2825"/>
				<updated>2018-06-13T02:45:53Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Jeeeun: /* Korean Translation */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{NJ2018 TOC}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Original Script'''==&lt;br /&gt;
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! style=&amp;quot;width:80%&amp;quot; | Text with Punctuation || style=&amp;quot;width:20%&amp;quot; | Text Image || style=&amp;quot;width:20%&amp;quot; | Text Image&lt;br /&gt;
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|種蕎麥&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【鄕名木麥】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;br/&amp;gt; 蕎麥趂時爲良。&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【失時遇霜不收。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; &amp;lt;br/&amp;gt; 立秋在六月, 則節前三日內, 立秋在七月, 則節後三日內, 乃其時也。&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt; 宜荒地。 五月耕之。 得草爛, 六月又耕。 下種時, 又耕之。&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt; 種子一斗, 糞灰一石爲度。 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【灰小, 則漬種亦可。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; 田雖塉薄, 多糞灰, 則可收。&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt; 其實半黑半白, 刈之。倒竪, 則皆黑。 其早霜處, 宜早耕, 不必待立秋前後也。&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt; 若山林肥厚之地, 火耕撒種, 所收倍常。&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt; ○漬種法: 燒牛馬糞爲灰, 以廐池尿盛貯木槽中, 漬蕎麥種半日, 漉出。投灰中, 令灰粘着種子。&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
油麻。 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【本草白油麻, 唐人稱芝麻, 俗所爲眞荏子。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; 水蘇子。&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【俗稱水荏子】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;a href=&amp;quot;http://digerati.aks.ac.kr/DhLab/2018/103/jpg/page-19-1.jpg&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;img src=&amp;quot;http://digerati.aks.ac.kr/DhLab/2018/103/thumb/page-19-1_xs.jpg&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;19&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/td&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Korean Translation'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!--&lt;br /&gt;
늦벼[晩稻]를 수경(水耕)할 때는 정월에 얼음이 녹을 때 간다. 거름[糞]을 넣거나 흙을 넣는 것은 올벼 재배법과 동일하다. {{원주|올해 흙을 넣었다면 내년에는 거름을 넣거나 잡초를 넣는 방식으로 교대한다.}}흙이 진흙투성이거나 푸석푸석하거나 찬물 기운[水冷]이 있다면 완전히 새 흙이나 사토(莎土)를 채워 넣는다. (토질이) 척박하다면 소똥, 말똥 및 가지에 달린 갈잎[杼葉] {{원주|향명(鄕名)으로는 가을초(加乙草)이다.}}을 깔아주는데, 인분(人糞), 누에똥잠사(蠶沙)도 좋다. {{원주|다만 많이 구하는 것이 어렵다.}}3월 상순에서 망종절(芒種節) 사이에 다시 간다. {{원주|대체로 망종절보다 늦게 갈고 파종하면 (수확이) 부실하다.}}종자 담그기, 파종하기, 종자 덮기, 물대기, 김매기 방법은 모두 올벼 재배법과 동일하다. {{원주|6월 보름 이전에 3번 김매는 것이 가장 좋다. 6월 이내에 3번 김매는 것이 그 다음이다. 여기에도 미치지 못하는 것은 가장 나쁘다.}}&lt;br /&gt;
--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
'''교맥 재배법'''{{원주|향명 ''메밀''}}:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''교맥'''은 때에 맞추는 게 가장 좋다.{{원주|때를 놓치거나 서리를 만나면 수확하지 못한다.}}'''입추'''가 6월에 들었으면 '''입추''' 전 3일 이내에, '''입추'''가 7월에 들었으면 입추 후 3일 이내가 그 때이다. '''황무지'''가 [교맥 재배에] 적당하다. 5월에 밭을 간 후 풀이 무성해지면 6월에 다시 갈며, 종자를 심을 때 또 다시 간다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
종자 1말을 기준으로 '''분회''' 1'''섬'''을 [섞는 게] 적당하다.{{원주|분회가 적다면 종자를 적시는 방법도 가능하다.}}밭이 척박하더라도 분회가 많으면 수확할 수 있다. 열매가 절반은 검고 절반은 흴 때 베어낸다. 뒤집어 세우면 모두 검어진다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
만약 산림으로 인해 비옥하고 흙이 두꺼운 땅이라면 '''화경'''하여 종자를 뿌리는데, 수확이 보통 때의 두 배가 된다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○종자를 적시는 방법: '''소똥''', '''말똥'''을 태워 재로 만든다. 외양간 웅덩이에 모인 오줌을 '''나무구유'''에 담고, '''교맥''' 종자를 한나절 동안 [여기에] 담갔다가 걸러낸다. [이것을] 잿속에 던져서 재가 종자에 달라붙도록 만든다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○'''유마'''{{원주|'''본초'''에서는 '''백유마'''라고 하고, 중국사람들은 '''지마'''라고 부르는데, 보통 사람들은 '''진임자'''라고 부른다.}}'''수소자'''.{{원주|속칭 '들깨''}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''English Translation'''==&lt;br /&gt;
'''Cultivating Buckwheat {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''memil''.}}'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It is good to get the right timing with buckwheat. {{Original Commentary|If the right time is missed and the frost comes, the harvest will be lost.}} If the '''autumnal equinox''' falls in the sixth (lunar) month, then (the time to sow is) within three days before the '''autumnal equinox'''. If autumnal equinox falls in the seventh month, then (the time to sow) is within three days after the '''autumnal equinox'''.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Wastelands''' are appropriate (for planting buckwheat). &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
After plowing in the fifth month, wait for the grass to grow thick and plow again in the sixth month. Plow once again when sowing.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For one '''''mal''''' of seed, (mix) one '''''seom''''' of '''manure and ash'''. {{Original Commentary|If lacking ashes, then drenching the seeds in water is fine.}} Even if the fields are barren, if there is enough ash, then there can be a harvest.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If half of the grain is dark and half is light, then cut it. If turned upright, then all of it will darken.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In places with early frosts, plowing should be done early. There is no need to necessarily wait for the '''autumnal equinox'''.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If the soil is fertile and dense due to forests, '''slash-and-burn farming''' will double the normal harvest.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○ Seed Drenching Method: Prepare ash by burning '''cow and horse manure'''. Take '''urine''' from the stable and put it in a '''trough''' and soak (the seeds in the urine) for half a day. Then, take (the seeds) out (of the urine) and toss them into the ash so that they become completely covered (with ash).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Sesame {{Original Commentary|In medicine it is called ''baegyuma''. The people of Tang call it ''zhima''. Its common name chinimja}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Perilla {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''tteulkkae''}}&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Glossary'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!--&lt;br /&gt;
'''Mangjong'''&lt;br /&gt;
{{#section-h:농사직설_Glossary|'''Mangjong'''}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Night soil'''&lt;br /&gt;
{{#section-h:농사직설_Glossary|'''Night soil'''}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===&amp;quot;교맥&amp;quot;===&lt;br /&gt;
*한글: 교맥&lt;br /&gt;
*한자: 蕎麥&lt;br /&gt;
*영문: Buckwheat&lt;br /&gt;
*향명&lt;br /&gt;
**항명 한자: 木麥&lt;br /&gt;
**항명 한자음: 목맥 &lt;br /&gt;
이 글에서 교맥은 메밀이다. 종류는 대부분 여름 메밀과 가을 메밀로 나누어지는데, 여름 메밀은 5월 중순에서 하순 사이에 파종되고, 가을 메밀은 7월 중에 파종된다. 수확하는 시기는 여름 메밀의 경우 7월 하순이고 가을 메밀은 10월에 수확한다. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Contents/SearchNavi?keyword=%EB%A9%94%EB%B0%80&amp;amp;ridx=0&amp;amp;tot=17 한국민족대백과사전:메밀]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
====관련 사료====&lt;br /&gt;
*清, 郭雲陞 『救荒簡易書』, 권1, 清 光緖二十二年(1896) 郭氏刻本, 救荒月令, 六月條, pp49~50.&lt;br /&gt;
**蠶六月種&lt;br /&gt;
...&lt;br /&gt;
**大子蕎麥, 六月種. 【九月熟.】&lt;br /&gt;
**小子蕎麥, 六月種. 【九月熟.】&lt;br /&gt;
...&lt;br /&gt;
**苜蓿菜六月和蕎麥種.&lt;br /&gt;
**莙薘菜六月和蕎麥種.&lt;br /&gt;
...&lt;br /&gt;
*大子蕎麥, 六月種解. 王象晉羣芳譜曰, 蕎麥一名荍麥·一名烏麥·一名花蕎·一名甜蕎. 莖弱而翹, 然易長易收磨麫如麥. 故曰蕎而與麥同名. 又名甜蕎, 以别苦蕎也. 南北皆有之. 立秋前後下種. 宻種則實多, 稀種則實少. 王禎農書曰, 蕎麥立秋前後種. 宻種則實多, 稀種則實少. 齊民要術曰, 種蕎麥, 立秋前後, 皆十日内種也. 洧曲舊聞曰, 麥備四時之氣, 蕎麥葉靑, 花白, 莖赤, 子黑, 根黄. 亦具五方之色. 然方結實時, 最畏霜.  此時得雨, 則於結實, 尤宜且不成. 霜農家呼爲解, 霜雨雲聞. 洛陽縣老農曰, 立秋後, 聞雷聲, 則百日無霜, 蕎麥可廣種也.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*小子蕎麥, 六月種解. 小子蕎麥, 一名京子. 蕎麥一名, 快蕎麥, 六月種之, 比於大子蕎麥, 其熟更早也.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===&amp;quot;두&amp;quot;===&lt;br /&gt;
*한글: 두&lt;br /&gt;
*한자: 斗&lt;br /&gt;
*영문: Du&lt;br /&gt;
곡식이나 액체 가루 종류 등의 분량을 측정하는 그릇 및 단위이다. 본래 우리나라에서는 1석(石)을 15말[斗]로 규정하고 있었다. 상고에서 고려 문종시기 이전까지도 말은 단일 제도가 아니었고, 조선 세종 때 단위제 개혁이 일어나 단일 단위로 정형화 된 것이다. 조선 세종 시기 한 말은 5,964 입방 센티미터 이며, 현재는 한 말에 20리터이다. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Contents/SearchNavi?keyword=%EB%A7%90&amp;amp;ridx=2&amp;amp;tot=2723 한국민족문화대백과사전:말［斗］]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===&amp;quot;분&amp;quot;===&lt;br /&gt;
*한글: 분 &lt;br /&gt;
*한자: 糞&lt;br /&gt;
*영문: Manure&lt;br /&gt;
동물의 배설물을 말하는데, 이 글에서는 말이나 소의 배설물을 퇴비로 사용하기 때문이다. 퇴비는 토지를 비옥하게 함으로 매우 중요한 요소이다.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://hanja.dict.naver.com/hanja?q=%E7%B3%9E&amp;amp;cp_code=0&amp;amp;sound_id=0 네이버 한자사전:분]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===&amp;quot;조&amp;quot;===&lt;br /&gt;
*한글: 조 &lt;br /&gt;
*한자: 槽&lt;br /&gt;
*영문: Trough&lt;br /&gt;
구유 여물통이라고 하며, 소나 말 같은 가축에게 음식물을 먹이는 용도의 용기이다. 그러나 여기서는 동물의 배설물을 담는 용도로 쓰였다.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Contents/SearchNavi?keyword=%EA%B5%AC%EC%9C%A0&amp;amp;ridx=0&amp;amp;tot=5 한국민족문화대백과사전:구유]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===&amp;quot;유마&amp;quot;===&lt;br /&gt;
*한글: 유마 &lt;br /&gt;
*한자: 油麻&lt;br /&gt;
*영문: Yuma&lt;br /&gt;
한국에서는 &amp;quot;참깨&amp;quot;로 많이 알려져 있다. 또는 &amp;quot;호마(胡麻)&amp;quot;라고도 알려져 있다. 온도가 높고 기후가 일정한 지역에서 잘 자란다. 자라는 기간은 3-4개월 정도이다. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Contents/SearchNavi?keyword=%EC%B0%B8%EA%B9%A8&amp;amp;ridx=0&amp;amp;tot=26 한국민족문화대백과사전:참깨]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====&amp;quot;유마&amp;quot;관련자료====&lt;br /&gt;
*清　郭雲陞,『救荒簡易書』권1 清光緖二十二年(1896) 郭氏刻本. &lt;br /&gt;
**事物源始云, '張騫使西域至大宛, 得其種, 植於中國.' 或向名胡麻. 石勒時, 諱胡字改名芝麻. 隋大業四年(608), 改胡麻曰交麻, 一名油麻. 沈括筆談云, '胡麻卽今油麻, 一名脂麻.'&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===&amp;quot;수소자&amp;quot;===&lt;br /&gt;
*한글: 수소자&lt;br /&gt;
*한자: 水蘇子&lt;br /&gt;
*영문: Sosucha&lt;br /&gt;
한국에서는 &amp;quot;들깨&amp;quot;로 많이 알려져 있다. 그리고 다른 명칭으로는 &amp;quot;수임자&amp;quot;로 이름이 불린다. 보통 볶아서 가루를 내어 양념으로 만들어 먹는다. 꽃은 흰색이고 8월-9월에 핀다.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Contents/SearchNavi?keyword=%EB%93%A4%EA%B9%A8&amp;amp;ridx=0&amp;amp;tot=6 한국민족문화대백과사전:들깨]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====&amp;quot;수소자&amp;quot;관련사료====&lt;br /&gt;
*明　鮑山,『野菜博録』草部 권1, 四部叢刊三編景明本. &lt;br /&gt;
**水蘇子&lt;br /&gt;
***【水蘇子】:生于濕地. 莖淡紫色對生莖乂, 葉亦對生葉似地葉而窄邊有花鋸齒三尖乂葉稍間開深黄色花葉味辛.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Footnote'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Further Reading'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:농사직설]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Jeeeun</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://dh.aks.ac.kr/~classics/wiki/index.php?title=NJ2018_Cultivating_Sesame&amp;diff=2824</id>
		<title>NJ2018 Cultivating Sesame</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://dh.aks.ac.kr/~classics/wiki/index.php?title=NJ2018_Cultivating_Sesame&amp;diff=2824"/>
				<updated>2018-06-13T02:44:52Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Jeeeun: /* Korean Translation */&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;div&gt;{{NJ2018 TOC}}&lt;br /&gt;
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=='''Original Script'''==&lt;br /&gt;
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|-&lt;br /&gt;
|種胡麻&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【鄕名眞荏子。八稜者多油。】【附油麻。】: &amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
性宜荒地。&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【白壤尤良。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; &amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
四月間雨後, &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【不因雨則不生。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; 耕地撒種。 用檑木&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【鄕名: 古音波】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;, 破塊覆土。 鋤不過再。  &amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
隨熟刈之。 作束欲小。&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【束大難乾。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; 五六束相倚爲叢。  &amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
候口開, 逐束倒竪, 以小杖輕打, 取了還叢之。 三日一打, 四五遍乃盡。  &amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
若熟田則四月上旬, 麥根田則趂刈麥後, 和糞灰稀種。 &amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
○又一法, 以白胡麻三分, 晩小豆一分, 相和種之。 或以菉豆二分, 胡麻一分相和亦得。 耕訖作畝, 以所和種均撒覆土。 &amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
○油麻&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【鄕名水荏子】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;: 路邊或田畔宜種。 每科相去一尺。&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【密則無枝少實。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;。&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;/html&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Korean Translation'''==&lt;br /&gt;
'''호마 재배법{{원주|향명으로는 ''참깨''이다. [유마는]팔릉 [품종]에 기름이 많다. 유마를 덧붙임}}'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[호마는] 성질이 '''황무지'''가 적합하다.{{원주|흰 토양이면 더욱 좋다.}}4월 중에 비가 내린 후 비가 내려 습하지 않으면 자라지 않는다. 땅을 갈고 씨를 뿌리며, '''''뇌목'''''{{원주|향명 ''고음파''}}으로 흙덩이를 부수어 땅을 덮는다. 김매기는 2번 이상 하지 않고 익는대로 베어내서, '''작은 묶음'''으로 만든 후 묶음이 크면 건조가 어렵다, 5~6묶음을 서로 기대어 무더기를 만든다. [호마의] 입이 벌어지면 묶음마다 뒤집어 작은 막대로 가볍게 두드리는데, [호마를] 거두면 원래대로 무더기로 만들어 둔다. 3일에 한번씩 두드리는데, 4~5번이면 모두 끝난다. 만약 '''좋은 밭'''이라면 '''4월 상순'''에, '''맥근'''이라면 '''보리'''를 베어낸 직후에 '''분회'''와 섞어서 씨를 듬성듬성 뿌린다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○또 다른 방법은, '''백호마''' 3'''푼''', '''만소두''' 1'''푼'''을 섞어서 파종한다. 또는 '''녹두''' 2'''푼''', '''호마''' 1'''푼'''을 섞어도 괜찮다. 밭갈이가 끝나면 '''이랑'''을 만들고 섞은 종자들을 골고루 뿌린 후 흙을 덮는다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○'''유마'''{{원주|향명 ''들깨''}}는 길가나 밭두둑에서 심기에 적합하다. 1'''과'''마다 1'''자'''의 거리를 둔다. 빽빽하면 가지가 없고 열매도 적다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''English Translation'''==&lt;br /&gt;
'''Cultivating Sesame {{Original Commentary|(Its common name is ''chamkkae'' and it has the most oil among the ''palleung'') Includes Perilla}}'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Wasteland''' is appropriate (for sesame). {{Original Commentary|'''White soil''' is even better.}} &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In the fourth (lunar) month after it rains {{Original Commentary|If it is not wet from the rain, it does not grow}}, plow the soil and scatter the seeds. Use a '''''noemok''''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''goeumpa''}} to break up the '''dirt clods''' and cover the soil. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Hoe no more than twice.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Harvest (the sesame) as it ripens. Tie them into small bundles {{Original Commentary|Large bundles are hard to dry}} and make a pile by propping five or six bundles up against each other. When the '''fruit''' of the sesame opens, flip each bundle upside down and tap it lightly with a small stick. '''取了還叢之''' Tap once every three days and (the seeds will completely fall out) after four or five times (of tapping). &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For '''fertile fields''': In the first week&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;A lunar month has three weeks of ten days each.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; of the fourth month, in the case of '''fields where barley had been grown''', immediately cut the barley, mix (the sesame seeds) with '''manure and ash''', and sparsely sow them. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○ One other method: Mix three parts '''white sesame''' with one part '''late-planting red bean''' and sow the mixture. Or, mixing two parts '''mung bean''' with one part '''sesame''' is also fine. After plowing, make '''ridges''', scatter the seed mixture evenly, and cover with soil. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○ Perilla {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''tteulkkae''}} should be sown on the '''roadside''' or '''field banks'''. Every pit is spaced one '''foot''' apart. If dense, then there will be no branches and a small yield.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Glossary'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Footnote'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Further Reading'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:농사직설]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Jeeeun</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://dh.aks.ac.kr/~classics/wiki/index.php?title=NJ2018_Cultivating_Sesame&amp;diff=2823</id>
		<title>NJ2018 Cultivating Sesame</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://dh.aks.ac.kr/~classics/wiki/index.php?title=NJ2018_Cultivating_Sesame&amp;diff=2823"/>
				<updated>2018-06-13T02:44:32Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Jeeeun: /* Korean Translation */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{NJ2018 TOC}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Original Script'''==&lt;br /&gt;
{|class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:70%&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;width:80%&amp;quot; | Text with Punctuation || style=&amp;quot;width:20%&amp;quot; | Text Image&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|種胡麻&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【鄕名眞荏子。八稜者多油。】【附油麻。】: &amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
性宜荒地。&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【白壤尤良。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; &amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
四月間雨後, &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【不因雨則不生。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; 耕地撒種。 用檑木&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【鄕名: 古音波】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;, 破塊覆土。 鋤不過再。  &amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
隨熟刈之。 作束欲小。&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【束大難乾。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; 五六束相倚爲叢。  &amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
候口開, 逐束倒竪, 以小杖輕打, 取了還叢之。 三日一打, 四五遍乃盡。  &amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
若熟田則四月上旬, 麥根田則趂刈麥後, 和糞灰稀種。 &amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
○又一法, 以白胡麻三分, 晩小豆一分, 相和種之。 或以菉豆二分, 胡麻一分相和亦得。 耕訖作畝, 以所和種均撒覆土。 &amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
○油麻&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【鄕名水荏子】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;: 路邊或田畔宜種。 每科相去一尺。&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【密則無枝少實。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;。&lt;br /&gt;
||&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;html&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;center&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;table border=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot; align=&amp;quot;right&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;tr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;td align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href=&amp;quot;http://digerati.aks.ac.kr/DhLab/2018/103/jpg/page-18-1.jpg&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;img src=&amp;quot;http://digerati.aks.ac.kr/DhLab/2018/103/thumb/page-18-1_xs.jpg&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;18&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/td&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;td align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href=&amp;quot;http://digerati.aks.ac.kr/DhLab/2018/103/jpg/page-19-1.jpg&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;img src=&amp;quot;http://digerati.aks.ac.kr/DhLab/2018/103/thumb/page-19-1_xs.jpg&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;19&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/td&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/tr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/table&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/center&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/html&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Korean Translation'''==&lt;br /&gt;
'''호마 재배법{{원주|향명으로는 ''참깨''이다. [유마는]팔릉 [품종]에 기름이 많다. 유마를 덧붙임}}'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[호마는] 성질이 '''황무지'''가 적합하다.{{원주|흰 토양이면 더욱 좋다.}}4월 중에 비가 내린 후 비가 내려 습하지 않으면 자라지 않는다. 땅을 갈고 씨를 뿌리며, '''''뇌목'''''{{원주|향명 ''고음파''}}으로 흙덩이를 부수어 땅을 덮는다. 김매기는 2번 이상 하지 않고 익는대로 베어내서, '''작은 묶음'''으로 만든 후 묶음이 크면 건조가 어렵다, 5~6묶음을 서로 기대어 무더기를 만든다. [호마의] 입이 벌어지면 묶음마다 뒤집어 작은 막대로 가볍게 두드리는데, [호마를] 거두면 원래대로 무더기로 만들어 둔다. 3일에 한번씩 두드리는데, 4~5번이면 모두 끝난다. 만약 '''좋은 밭'''이라면 '''4월 상순'''에, '''맥근'''이라면 '''보리'''를 베어낸 직후에 '''분회'''와 섞어서 씨를 듬성듬성 뿌린다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○또 다른 방법은, '''백호마''' 3'''푼''', '''만소두''' 1'''푼'''을 섞어서 파종한다. 또는 '''녹두''' 2'''푼''', '''호마''' 1'''푼'''을 섞어도 괜찮다. 밭갈이가 끝나면 '''이랑'''을 만들고 섞은 종자들을 골고루 뿌린 후 흙을 덮는다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○'''유마'''{{원주|향명 ''수임자''}}는 길가나 밭두둑에서 심기에 적합하다. 1'''과'''마다 1'''자'''의 거리를 둔다. 빽빽하면 가지가 없고 열매도 적다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''English Translation'''==&lt;br /&gt;
'''Cultivating Sesame {{Original Commentary|(Its common name is ''chamkkae'' and it has the most oil among the ''palleung'') Includes Perilla}}'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Wasteland''' is appropriate (for sesame). {{Original Commentary|'''White soil''' is even better.}} &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In the fourth (lunar) month after it rains {{Original Commentary|If it is not wet from the rain, it does not grow}}, plow the soil and scatter the seeds. Use a '''''noemok''''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''goeumpa''}} to break up the '''dirt clods''' and cover the soil. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Hoe no more than twice.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Harvest (the sesame) as it ripens. Tie them into small bundles {{Original Commentary|Large bundles are hard to dry}} and make a pile by propping five or six bundles up against each other. When the '''fruit''' of the sesame opens, flip each bundle upside down and tap it lightly with a small stick. '''取了還叢之''' Tap once every three days and (the seeds will completely fall out) after four or five times (of tapping). &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For '''fertile fields''': In the first week&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;A lunar month has three weeks of ten days each.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; of the fourth month, in the case of '''fields where barley had been grown''', immediately cut the barley, mix (the sesame seeds) with '''manure and ash''', and sparsely sow them. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○ One other method: Mix three parts '''white sesame''' with one part '''late-planting red bean''' and sow the mixture. Or, mixing two parts '''mung bean''' with one part '''sesame''' is also fine. After plowing, make '''ridges''', scatter the seed mixture evenly, and cover with soil. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○ Perilla {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''tteulkkae''}} should be sown on the '''roadside''' or '''field banks'''. Every pit is spaced one '''foot''' apart. If dense, then there will be no branches and a small yield.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Glossary'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Footnote'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Further Reading'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:농사직설]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Jeeeun</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://dh.aks.ac.kr/~classics/wiki/index.php?title=NJ2018_Cultivating_Barley_and_Wheat&amp;diff=2822</id>
		<title>NJ2018 Cultivating Barley and Wheat</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://dh.aks.ac.kr/~classics/wiki/index.php?title=NJ2018_Cultivating_Barley_and_Wheat&amp;diff=2822"/>
				<updated>2018-06-13T02:43:22Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Jeeeun: /* Korean Translation */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{NJ2018 TOC}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Original Script'''==&lt;br /&gt;
{|class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:70%&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;width:80%&amp;quot; | Text with Punctuation || style=&amp;quot;width:20%&amp;quot; | Text Image&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|種大小麥 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【附春麰】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
大小麥, 新舊間接食, 農家㝡急。 &amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;薄田白露節, 中田秋分時, 美田後十日可種。 大早又不可。 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【古語曰: 早種, 則虫而有節。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; &amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;先於五六月間, 耕之曝陽, 用木斫&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【鄕名所訖羅】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;摩平。 下種時又耕之。 &amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;下種訖以鐵齒擺&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【鄕名: 手愁音】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;或木斫背&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【鄕名: 所訖羅背】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;覆種宜厚。 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【早種, 則根深耐寒; 晩種, 則穗小。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; &amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;明年三月間, 一鋤之。 &amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;麥根田, 則依上法。 黍、豆、粟、木麥根田, 則預於收穀前, 用長柄大鎌,  及草未黃時刈之, 積在田畔, 收穀訖以其草厚布田上, 火焚, 擲種, 及灰未散耕之。 &amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;薄田倍加布草, 如未及刈草, 用糞, 又如大小豆法。 &amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;或於其田, 先種菉豆或胡麻, 五六月間掩耕, 待草爛後下種時, 又耕種之, 如前法。&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
○春夏間剉細柳枝, 布牛馬廐, 每五六日取出, 積之爲糞。 甚宜於麥。&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
○大小麥隨熟隨刈, 卽輸於場。 用苫盖覆, 以防雨作。 若不及輸場, 亦須輸運於田畔高處盖覆,  乘夜輸入, 遇晴以麥薄布場上, &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【厚則難乾。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; 隨乾隨輾&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【輾, 鄕名: 打作。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; &amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;農家所忙, 無過於麥。 古語曰: 「取麥如救火」,  若小遲慢, 終爲災傷。&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
○春麰: 二月間陽氣溫和日可耕, 盡二月止。 種法、耘法、收法與秋麥同。&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
||&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;table border=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot; align=&amp;quot;right&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;td align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href=&amp;quot;http://digerati.aks.ac.kr/DhLab/2018/103/jpg/page-16-1.jpg&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;img src=&amp;quot;http://digerati.aks.ac.kr/DhLab/2018/103/thumb/page-16-1_xs.jpg&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;16&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/td&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;td align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href=&amp;quot;http://digerati.aks.ac.kr/DhLab/2018/103/jpg/page-17-1.jpg&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;img src=&amp;quot;http://digerati.aks.ac.kr/DhLab/2018/103/thumb/page-17-1_xs.jpg&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;17&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/td&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;td align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href=&amp;quot;http://digerati.aks.ac.kr/DhLab/2018/103/jpg/page-18-1.jpg&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;img src=&amp;quot;http://digerati.aks.ac.kr/DhLab/2018/103/thumb/page-18-1_xs.jpg&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;18&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/td&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/tr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/table&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/html&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Korean Translation'''==&lt;br /&gt;
'''대맥․소맥 재배법'''{{원주|춘모(春麰)를 덧붙임.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''대맥''', '''소맥'''은 햇곡식과 작년 곡식 사이의 곡물이므로 농가에서는 가장 긴요한 것이다. '''척박한 밭'''에서는 '''''백로절'''''에, '''중간 정도의 밭'''에서는 '''''추분''''' 때에, '''좋은 밭'''에서는 ['''''추분'''''] 후 10일에 파종할 수 있다. 또한 [파종을] 너무 빨리 하는 것은 안 된다. {{원주|옛말에 이르기를, ‘빨리 파종하면 벌레가 먹으면서, [대맥․소맥에] 마디가 생긴다’라고 하였다.}}먼저 5~6월 사이에 [밭을] 갈고 햇볕에 말린 다음, '''''목작'''''{{원주|향명 ''소흘라''}}으로 평평하게 다듬고, 씨를 뿌릴 때 다시 갈아준다. 씨 뿌리기가 끝나면 '''''철치파'''''{{원주|향명 ''수수음''}}또는 '''''목작배'''''{{원주|향명 ''소흘라배''}}로 씨를 덮는데 두텁게 덮어야 한다.{{원주|빨리 심으면 뿌리가 깊어지고 추위에 강해지며, 늦게 심으면 이삭이 작아진다.}}이듬해 3월 중에 한번 김을 매는데, '''맥근전'''도 위의 방법대로 한다. '''메기장''', '''콩''', '''조''', '''목맥근전'''에서는 미리 곡식을 수확하기 전에, 긴 손잡이의 큰 낫으로 풀을 누레지기 전에 베어 밭두둑에 쌓아둔다. 곡식을 다 수확하면 그 풀을 밭에 두텁게 깔고 불태운 후 종자를 뿌리고, 재가 흩어지기 전에 간다. 척박한 밭에서는 풀을 두 배로 더 까는데, 만약 풀을 베지 못했다면 '''거름'''을 사용하며, 또한 '''대두''', '''소두'''의 재배법과 동일하다. 간혹 그 밭에서 먼저 '''녹두'''나 '''호마'''를 파종하고, 5~6월 중에는 '''엄경''' 하기 위해서 풀이 무성해지기를 기다린다. 그리고 나중에 씨를 뿌릴 때 다시 갈고 파종하는 것은 앞의 방법과 동일하다. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○봄, 여름 사이에 '''수양버들 가지'''를 잘라 소, 말을 키우는 외양간에 펼쳐둔다. 5~6일마다 꺼내어 쌓아서 '''거름'''을 만드는데, 특히 '''보리'''에 좋다. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○'''대맥''', '''소맥'''은 익는대로 베어내서 곧장 마당으로 옮기고, '''거적'''으로 덮어서 비를 막는다. 만약 마당으로 옮기지 못했을 때는 밭두둑의 높은 곳으로 옮겨 덮어두어야 하며, 밤에 [마당으로] 옮겨온다. 맑은 날을 기다려 '''대맥''', '''소맥'''을 마당에 얇게 펼친 후{{원주|두텁게 펼치면 건조가 어렵다}}, 건조 되는대로 '''타작'''한다 {{원주|전은 향명으로는 ''타작''이다.}}농가의 바쁜 일 가운데 '''대맥''', '''소맥''' 농사보다 급한 게 없다. 옛말에 이르기를 ‘'''대맥''', '''소맥'''을 다루는 것은 불을 끄는 것과 같다’라고 하였으니, 조금만 지체해도 끝내 재앙이 된다. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○'''춘모'''는 2월 중에 햇볕이 따뜻한 날에 심을 수 있으니, 2월이 지나면 그만둔다. 파종법, 김매는 법, 수확법은 '''가을보리'''와 동일하다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''English Translation'''==&lt;br /&gt;
'''Cultivating Barley and Wheat {{Original Commentary|Including Spring Barley}}'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
As barley and wheat are planted between (this and the next year's) harvests, they are the most critical for farms. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Barren fields''' should be sown during '''White Dew''', '''acceptable fields''' should be sown during '''Autumn Equinox''', and '''fertile fields''' should be sown '''ten days after Autumn Equinox'''. (Sowing) too early is also bad. {{Original Commentary|There is an old saying: If sown early, then insects eat the plant while it grows joints.}} &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
First, within the fifth and sixth (lunar) months, plow the fields and expose them under the sun. Using a '''''mokchak''''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''soheulla''}} harrow them evenly. When it is time to sow, plow the fields again. After sowing is complete, use a '''''cheolchipa''''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''susueum''}} or a '''''mokchakpae''''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is soheullabae}} to deeply cover the seeds. {{Original Commentary|If sown early, then the roots grow deep and withstand cold, and if sown late, then the yield is small.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In the third month of the following year, hoe the fields once.  For fields where barley/wheat had been planted, refer to the previously mentioned method. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For fields where proso millet, beans, foxtail millet, and buckwheat had been planted, before the plant is harvested, use a '''large scythe with a long handle''' to cut the '''weeds''' before they turn yellow and stack them along the banks between the fields. After harvesting the grain, spread the '''weeds''' abundantly on top of the fields, burn them, then scatter the seeds, and plow the fields before the ashes disperse. For barren fields, spread twice the amount of '''weeds''', and if the '''weeds''' could not be cut, use manure, or also, the method used for soybeans and red beans. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Alternatively, first sow '''mung beans''' or '''sesame'''. Then within the fifth or sixth month, wait until the plants are abundant for '''cutting and plowing'''. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Later, when sowing the seeds, plow and sow once more following the same methods as the ones previously mentioned. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○ Between spring and summer, trim '''willow branches''' and spread them in the '''stable''' where the cows and horses are kept. Take them out every five or six days, stacking them to make '''manure'''. This is especially good for barley. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○ Cut barley and wheat as they ripen. Immediately move them to a'''yard'''&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;This refers to a ''madang'' that one would find inside or in front of a traditional Korean house.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; and cover them with a '''straw mat''' to protect it from the rain. If they can not (immediately) be moved to a yard, they must (at least) be moved them to a high part of the '''field banks'''&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;This is referring to the high banks separating the fields from one another&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; and covered, then moved (to the yard) at night. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
On a clear day, spread the barley and wheat thinly across the yard {{Original Commentary|If spread thickly, they will not dry well}} and '''thresh''' them as they dry. {{Original Commentary|The common name (for threshing) is ''tajak''.}} &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There is nothing that busies a farmer more than barley and wheat. An old saying says: Gathering barley and wheat is like putting out a fire, if you slow down even a little, it results in disaster. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○ For '''spring barley''': Plowing can be done when the days become warmer in the second month and should be completed by the end of the second month. Sowing, hoeing, and harvesting methods are the same as that of '''autumn barley'''.&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Glossary'''==&lt;br /&gt;
===Types of fields===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
**English: barren fields&lt;br /&gt;
**Korean: 척박한 밭&lt;br /&gt;
**Chinese: 薄田&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
**English: acceptable fields&lt;br /&gt;
**Korean: 중간 정도의 밭&lt;br /&gt;
**Chinese: 中田&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
**English: fertile fields&lt;br /&gt;
**Korean: 좋은 밭&lt;br /&gt;
**Chinese: 美田&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Footnote'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Further Reading'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Joseph Needham and Francesca Bray, ''Science and Civilisation in China: volume 6, Biology and Biological Technology, Part 2, Agriculture'' (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984), 459-477.&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:농사직설]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Jeeeun</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://dh.aks.ac.kr/~classics/wiki/index.php?title=NJ2018_Cultivating_Barley_and_Wheat&amp;diff=2821</id>
		<title>NJ2018 Cultivating Barley and Wheat</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://dh.aks.ac.kr/~classics/wiki/index.php?title=NJ2018_Cultivating_Barley_and_Wheat&amp;diff=2821"/>
				<updated>2018-06-13T02:42:36Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Jeeeun: /* Korean Translation */&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;div&gt;{{NJ2018 TOC}}&lt;br /&gt;
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=='''Original Script'''==&lt;br /&gt;
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|種大小麥 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【附春麰】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
大小麥, 新舊間接食, 農家㝡急。 &amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;薄田白露節, 中田秋分時, 美田後十日可種。 大早又不可。 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【古語曰: 早種, 則虫而有節。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; &amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;先於五六月間, 耕之曝陽, 用木斫&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【鄕名所訖羅】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;摩平。 下種時又耕之。 &amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;下種訖以鐵齒擺&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【鄕名: 手愁音】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;或木斫背&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【鄕名: 所訖羅背】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;覆種宜厚。 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【早種, 則根深耐寒; 晩種, 則穗小。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; &amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;明年三月間, 一鋤之。 &amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;麥根田, 則依上法。 黍、豆、粟、木麥根田, 則預於收穀前, 用長柄大鎌,  及草未黃時刈之, 積在田畔, 收穀訖以其草厚布田上, 火焚, 擲種, 及灰未散耕之。 &amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;薄田倍加布草, 如未及刈草, 用糞, 又如大小豆法。 &amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;或於其田, 先種菉豆或胡麻, 五六月間掩耕, 待草爛後下種時, 又耕種之, 如前法。&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
○春夏間剉細柳枝, 布牛馬廐, 每五六日取出, 積之爲糞。 甚宜於麥。&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
○大小麥隨熟隨刈, 卽輸於場。 用苫盖覆, 以防雨作。 若不及輸場, 亦須輸運於田畔高處盖覆,  乘夜輸入, 遇晴以麥薄布場上, &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【厚則難乾。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; 隨乾隨輾&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【輾, 鄕名: 打作。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; &amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;農家所忙, 無過於麥。 古語曰: 「取麥如救火」,  若小遲慢, 終爲災傷。&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
○春麰: 二月間陽氣溫和日可耕, 盡二月止。 種法、耘法、收法與秋麥同。&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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|}&lt;br /&gt;
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=='''Korean Translation'''==&lt;br /&gt;
'''대맥․소맥 재배법'''{{원주|춘모(春麰)를 덧붙임.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''대맥''', '''소맥'''은 햇곡식과 작년 곡식 사이의 곡물이므로 농가에서는 가장 긴요한 것이다. '''척박한 밭'''에서는 '''''백로절'''''에, '''중간 정도의 밭'''에서는 '''''추분''''' 때에, '''좋은 밭'''에서는 ['''''추분'''''] 후 10일에 파종할 수 있다. 또한 [파종을] 너무 빨리 하는 것은 안 된다. {{원주|옛말에 이르기를, ‘빨리 파종하면 벌레가 먹으면서, [대맥․소맥에] 마디가 생긴다’라고 하였다.}}먼저 5~6월 사이에 [밭을] 갈고 햇볕에 말린 다음, '''''목작'''''{{원주|향명 ''소흘라''}}으로 평평하게 다듬고, 씨를 뿌릴 때 다시 갈아준다. 씨 뿌리기가 끝나면 '''''철치파'''''{{원주|향명 ''수수음''}}또는 '''''목작배'''''{{원주|향명 ''소흘라배''}}로 씨를 덮는데 두텁게 덮어야 한다.{{원주|빨리 심으면 뿌리가 깊어지고 추위에 강해지며, 늦게 심으면 이삭이 작아진다.}}이듬해 3월 중에 한번 김을 매는데, '''맥근전'''도 위의 방법대로 한다. '''메기장''', '''콩''', '''조''', '''목맥근전'''에서는 미리 곡식을 수확하기 전에, 긴 손잡이의 큰 낫으로 풀을 누레지기 전에 베어 밭두둑에 쌓아둔다. 곡식을 다 수확하면 그 풀을 밭에 두텁게 깔고 불태운 후 종자를 뿌리고, 재가 흩어지기 전에 간다. 척박한 밭에서는 풀을 두 배로 더 까는데, 만약 풀을 베지 못했다면 '''거름'''을 사용하며, 또한 '''대두''', '''소두'''의 재배법과 동일하다. 간혹 그 밭에서 먼저 '''녹두'''나 '''호마'''를 파종하고, 5~6월 중에는 '''엄경''' 하기 위해서 풀이 무성해지기를 기다린다. 그리고 나중에 씨를 뿌릴 때 다시 갈고 파종하는 것은 앞의 방법과 동일하다. &lt;br /&gt;
○봄, 여름 사이에 '''수양버들 가지'''를 잘라 소, 말을 키우는 외양간에 펼쳐둔다. 5~6일마다 꺼내어 쌓아서 '''거름'''을 만드는데, 특히 '''보리'''에 좋다. '''대맥''', '''소맥'''은 익는대로 베어내서 곧장 마당으로 옮기고, '''거적'''으로 덮어서 비를 막는다. 만약 마당으로 옮기지 못했을 때는 밭두둑의 높은 곳으로 옮겨 덮어두어야 하며, 밤에 [마당으로] 옮겨온다. 맑은 날을 기다려 '''대맥''', '''소맥'''을 마당에 얇게 펼친 후{{원주|두텁게 펼치면 건조가 어렵다}}, 건조 되는대로 '''타작'''한다 {{원주|전은 향명으로는 ''타작''이다.}}농가의 바쁜 일 가운데 '''대맥''', '''소맥''' 농사보다 급한 게 없다. 옛말에 이르기를 ‘'''대맥''', '''소맥'''을 다루는 것은 불을 끄는 것과 같다’라고 하였으니, 조금만 지체해도 끝내 재앙이 된다. '''춘모'''는 2월 중에 햇볕이 따뜻한 날에 심을 수 있으니, 2월이 지나면 그만둔다. 파종법, 김매는 법, 수확법은 '''가을보리'''와 동일하다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''English Translation'''==&lt;br /&gt;
'''Cultivating Barley and Wheat {{Original Commentary|Including Spring Barley}}'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
As barley and wheat are planted between (this and the next year's) harvests, they are the most critical for farms. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Barren fields''' should be sown during '''White Dew''', '''acceptable fields''' should be sown during '''Autumn Equinox''', and '''fertile fields''' should be sown '''ten days after Autumn Equinox'''. (Sowing) too early is also bad. {{Original Commentary|There is an old saying: If sown early, then insects eat the plant while it grows joints.}} &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
First, within the fifth and sixth (lunar) months, plow the fields and expose them under the sun. Using a '''''mokchak''''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''soheulla''}} harrow them evenly. When it is time to sow, plow the fields again. After sowing is complete, use a '''''cheolchipa''''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''susueum''}} or a '''''mokchakpae''''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is soheullabae}} to deeply cover the seeds. {{Original Commentary|If sown early, then the roots grow deep and withstand cold, and if sown late, then the yield is small.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In the third month of the following year, hoe the fields once.  For fields where barley/wheat had been planted, refer to the previously mentioned method. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For fields where proso millet, beans, foxtail millet, and buckwheat had been planted, before the plant is harvested, use a '''large scythe with a long handle''' to cut the '''weeds''' before they turn yellow and stack them along the banks between the fields. After harvesting the grain, spread the '''weeds''' abundantly on top of the fields, burn them, then scatter the seeds, and plow the fields before the ashes disperse. For barren fields, spread twice the amount of '''weeds''', and if the '''weeds''' could not be cut, use manure, or also, the method used for soybeans and red beans. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Alternatively, first sow '''mung beans''' or '''sesame'''. Then within the fifth or sixth month, wait until the plants are abundant for '''cutting and plowing'''. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Later, when sowing the seeds, plow and sow once more following the same methods as the ones previously mentioned. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○ Between spring and summer, trim '''willow branches''' and spread them in the '''stable''' where the cows and horses are kept. Take them out every five or six days, stacking them to make '''manure'''. This is especially good for barley. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○ Cut barley and wheat as they ripen. Immediately move them to a'''yard'''&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;This refers to a ''madang'' that one would find inside or in front of a traditional Korean house.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; and cover them with a '''straw mat''' to protect it from the rain. If they can not (immediately) be moved to a yard, they must (at least) be moved them to a high part of the '''field banks'''&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;This is referring to the high banks separating the fields from one another&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; and covered, then moved (to the yard) at night. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
On a clear day, spread the barley and wheat thinly across the yard {{Original Commentary|If spread thickly, they will not dry well}} and '''thresh''' them as they dry. {{Original Commentary|The common name (for threshing) is ''tajak''.}} &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There is nothing that busies a farmer more than barley and wheat. An old saying says: Gathering barley and wheat is like putting out a fire, if you slow down even a little, it results in disaster. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○ For '''spring barley''': Plowing can be done when the days become warmer in the second month and should be completed by the end of the second month. Sowing, hoeing, and harvesting methods are the same as that of '''autumn barley'''.&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Glossary'''==&lt;br /&gt;
===Types of fields===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
**English: barren fields&lt;br /&gt;
**Korean: 척박한 밭&lt;br /&gt;
**Chinese: 薄田&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
**English: acceptable fields&lt;br /&gt;
**Korean: 중간 정도의 밭&lt;br /&gt;
**Chinese: 中田&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
**English: fertile fields&lt;br /&gt;
**Korean: 좋은 밭&lt;br /&gt;
**Chinese: 美田&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Footnote'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Further Reading'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Joseph Needham and Francesca Bray, ''Science and Civilisation in China: volume 6, Biology and Biological Technology, Part 2, Agriculture'' (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984), 459-477.&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:농사직설]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Jeeeun</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://dh.aks.ac.kr/~classics/wiki/index.php?title=NJ2018_Cultivating_Soybeans,_Red_Beans,_and_Mung_Beans&amp;diff=2820</id>
		<title>NJ2018 Cultivating Soybeans, Red Beans, and Mung Beans</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://dh.aks.ac.kr/~classics/wiki/index.php?title=NJ2018_Cultivating_Soybeans,_Red_Beans,_and_Mung_Beans&amp;diff=2820"/>
				<updated>2018-06-13T02:40:17Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Jeeeun: /* Korean Translation */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{NJ2018 TOC}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Original Script'''==&lt;br /&gt;
{|class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:70%&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;width:80%&amp;quot; | Text with Punctuation || style=&amp;quot;width:20%&amp;quot; | Text Image&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|種大豆、小豆、菉豆:&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt; 大豆、小豆種, 皆有早有晩。&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【早種鄕名春耕, 晩種鄕名根耕。 根耕者, 耕兩麥根也。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; &amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;早種, 三月中旬至四月中旬可種也。 治田不可過熟。 下種每科不過三四箇。&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【下種多, 則茂密少實。 然肥田種欲稀, 薄田種欲稠。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; &amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;田若塉薄, 用糞灰, 宜小不宜多。 鋤不過再。&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【吐花時不可鋤, 令花落。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; &amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;葉盡收之。 收訖耕之, 以擬明年。&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【不耕卽無澤。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
○大豆根耕。&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【刈兩麥, 旋耕其根也。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; 耕耘及收皆與早種同。 但下種每科四五箇。&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
○小豆根耕, 與大豆根耕同。 但撒種於麥根, 訖覆耕之。 一鋤而止。&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
○又一法, 田小者, 兩麥未穗時, 淺耕兩畝間, 種以大豆。 收兩麥, 訖又耕麥根, 以覆豆根。大豆田間種秋麥, 麥田間種粟, 皆同此法。&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
○用網口牛, 耕兩畝間, 與黍粟田同。 雜草還茂, 則再耕之。&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
○菉豆, 薄田荒地, 皆可種也。 稀種。一鋤。&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;td align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href=&amp;quot;http://digerati.aks.ac.kr/DhLab/2018/103/jpg/page-16-1.jpg&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;img src=&amp;quot;http://digerati.aks.ac.kr/DhLab/2018/103/thumb/page-16-1_xs.jpg&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;16&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/td&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Korean Translation'''==&lt;br /&gt;
'''대두·소두·녹두, 재배법'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''대두'''·'''소두''' 품종으로는 모두 '''조종'''이 있고 '''만종'''이 있다.{{원주|조종이 향명으로는 ''봄갈이''이다. 만종이 향명으로는 ''그루갈이''이다. ''근경''이란 양맥의 뿌리를 간다는 뜻이다.}}'''조종'''은 '''3월 중순'''에서 '''4월 중순'''까지 심을 수 있다. 밭을 관리할 때 지나치게 [땅을] 부드럽게 해서는 안 된다. 종자를 심을 때는 1'''과'''마다 3~4개를 넘지 않는다.{{원주|는 종자가 많으면 무성해지고 빽빽해져서 열매가 적다. 그래서 비옥한 밭에서는 종자를 성글도록 뿌리지만, 척박한 밭에서는 종자를 촘촘하도록 뿌린다.}}밭이 척박하다면 '''분회'''를 사용하는데, 적게 써야 하고 많이 쓰면 안 된다.김매기는 두 번을 넘지 않는다.{{원주|꽃이 나올 때는 김매기를 하면 안 되니, [김을 매면] 꽃이 떨어지기 때문이다.}}&lt;br /&gt;
잎이 다 지면 수확한다. 수확이 끝나면 갈아서 이듬해를 대비한다.{{원주|갈지 않으면 [땅이] 윤택해지지 않는다.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○'''대두''' 중 '''근경'''{{원주|'''양맥'''을 베어낸 후 곧바로 그 뿌리를 간 것이다.}}[품종의] 갈기, 김매기 및 수확 방법은 모두 '''조종'''과 동일하다. 다만 종자를 심을 때는 1'''과'''마다 4~5개로 한다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○[재배법이] '''소두''' 중 '''근경''' [품종]은 '''대두''' 중 '''근경''' [품종과] 동일하다. 다만 종자를 '''맥근'''에 뿌린 다음, 갈아서 덮어주고, 한번 김매는데 그친다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○또 다른 방법으로는 밭이 적은 경우에는 '''양맥'''에 아직 이삭이 패지 않았을 때 두 이랑 사이를 얕게 간 다음, '''대두'''를 심는다. '''양맥''' 수확이 끝나면 다시 양맥 뿌리를 갈아 '''대두''' 뿌리를 덮어준다. 대두밭에서 '''가을보리'''를 '''사이심기'''하거나, 보리밭에서 '''조'''를 사이심기하는 것은 모두 이 방법과 동일하다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○ 그물망으로 입을 감싼 소로 두 이랑 사이를 가는 것은 '''메기장''', '''조'''밭과 동일하다. 잡초가 도로 무성해지면 다시 간다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○ '''녹두'''는 '''척박한 밭'''이나 '''황무지'''라도 모두 심을 수 있다. 종자를 듬성듬성 뿌리고 한번 김맨다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''English Translation'''==&lt;br /&gt;
'''Cultivating Soybeans, Red Beans, and Mung Beans'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Soybeans and red beans have early- and late-sowing varieties. {{Original Commentary|The '''early-sowing variety''''s common name is '''chungyeong'''. The late-sowing variety's common name is ''geungyeong''. ''Geungyeong'' refers to &amp;quot;plowing the roots of barley/wheat.&amp;quot;}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The early-sowing variety can be sown from the second week&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;A lunar month has three weeks of 10 days each.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; of the third (lunar) month to the second week of the fourth month. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
When maintaining the fields, do not make the soil too '''soft'''. When sowing, do not put more than three or four seeds in each pit. {{Original Commentary|If there are many seeds, then they will grow densely, producing a small yield. Therefore, you should sow sparsely in fertile fields and densely in barren fields.}} &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If the fields are barren, use some '''''bunhoe''', but not too much. Do not hoe more than twice. {{Original Commentary|When the flowers bloom, do not hoe, as it will make the flowers fall.}} &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
When the leaves wither, harvest the beans. When the harvest ends, plow the fields and prepare for the following year. {{Original Commentary|If not plowed, then {the soil} becomes infertile.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○ For the soybean ''geungyeong'' variety {{Original Commentary|Immediately after barley/wheat is harvested, plow with the roots still in the soil}}, plowing, hoeing, and harvesting of the same as early-sowing varieties. However, in sowing, four or five seeds are to be put in each pit.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○ The red bean ''geungyeong'' variety is the same as that of the the soybean &amp;quot;geungyeong'' variety. However, (for this variety you should) scatter the seeds on field where barley had been planted, then plow again. Hoe just once.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○ One other method: In the case of small fields, when barley/wheat is ready to be harvested, make a small furrow in between their rows. Plant the beans in this furrow. Then, harvest the barley/wheat. Then using the dirt with the barley/wheat roots still in it, fill the furrow where the beans were planted. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The relay cropping of autumn barley in soybean fields and the relay cropping of foxtail millet in barley fields follows the same method as this.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○ (The method of) plowing using an ox with its mouth covered with a mussle is the same as for proso/foxtail millet fields. If weeds are grow too much, then plow again.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○ Mung beans can be sown in either barren fields or wastelands. Scatter them sparsely and hoe once.&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Glossary'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Footnote'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Further Reading'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:농사직설]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Jeeeun</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://dh.aks.ac.kr/~classics/wiki/index.php?title=NJ2018_Cultivating_Soybeans,_Red_Beans,_and_Mung_Beans&amp;diff=2819</id>
		<title>NJ2018 Cultivating Soybeans, Red Beans, and Mung Beans</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://dh.aks.ac.kr/~classics/wiki/index.php?title=NJ2018_Cultivating_Soybeans,_Red_Beans,_and_Mung_Beans&amp;diff=2819"/>
				<updated>2018-06-13T02:39:49Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Jeeeun: /* Korean Translation */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{NJ2018 TOC}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Original Script'''==&lt;br /&gt;
{|class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:70%&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;width:80%&amp;quot; | Text with Punctuation || style=&amp;quot;width:20%&amp;quot; | Text Image&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|種大豆、小豆、菉豆:&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt; 大豆、小豆種, 皆有早有晩。&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【早種鄕名春耕, 晩種鄕名根耕。 根耕者, 耕兩麥根也。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; &amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;早種, 三月中旬至四月中旬可種也。 治田不可過熟。 下種每科不過三四箇。&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【下種多, 則茂密少實。 然肥田種欲稀, 薄田種欲稠。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; &amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;田若塉薄, 用糞灰, 宜小不宜多。 鋤不過再。&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【吐花時不可鋤, 令花落。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; &amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;葉盡收之。 收訖耕之, 以擬明年。&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【不耕卽無澤。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
○大豆根耕。&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【刈兩麥, 旋耕其根也。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; 耕耘及收皆與早種同。 但下種每科四五箇。&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
○小豆根耕, 與大豆根耕同。 但撒種於麥根, 訖覆耕之。 一鋤而止。&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
○又一法, 田小者, 兩麥未穗時, 淺耕兩畝間, 種以大豆。 收兩麥, 訖又耕麥根, 以覆豆根。大豆田間種秋麥, 麥田間種粟, 皆同此法。&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
○用網口牛, 耕兩畝間, 與黍粟田同。 雜草還茂, 則再耕之。&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
○菉豆, 薄田荒地, 皆可種也。 稀種。一鋤。&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
||&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;td align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href=&amp;quot;http://digerati.aks.ac.kr/DhLab/2018/103/jpg/page-14-1.jpg&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;img src=&amp;quot;http://digerati.aks.ac.kr/DhLab/2018/103/thumb/page-14-1_xs.jpg&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;14&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/td&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;td align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href=&amp;quot;http://digerati.aks.ac.kr/DhLab/2018/103/jpg/page-15-1.jpg&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;img src=&amp;quot;http://digerati.aks.ac.kr/DhLab/2018/103/thumb/page-15-1_xs.jpg&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;15&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/td&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;td align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href=&amp;quot;http://digerati.aks.ac.kr/DhLab/2018/103/jpg/page-16-1.jpg&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;img src=&amp;quot;http://digerati.aks.ac.kr/DhLab/2018/103/thumb/page-16-1_xs.jpg&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;16&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/td&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/tr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/table&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/center&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/html&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Korean Translation'''==&lt;br /&gt;
'''대두·소두·녹두, 재배법'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''대두'''·'''소두''' 품종으로는 모두 '''조종'''이 있고 '''만종'''이 있다.{{원주|조종이 향명으로는 ''봄갈이''이다. 만종이 향명으로는 ''마른갈이''이다. 근경이란 양맥의 뿌리를 간다는 뜻이다.}}'''조종'''은 '''3월 중순'''에서 '''4월 중순'''까지 심을 수 있다. 밭을 관리할 때 지나치게 [땅을] 부드럽게 해서는 안 된다. 종자를 심을 때는 1'''과'''마다 3~4개를 넘지 않는다.{{원주|는 종자가 많으면 무성해지고 빽빽해져서 열매가 적다. 그래서 비옥한 밭에서는 종자를 성글도록 뿌리지만, 척박한 밭에서는 종자를 촘촘하도록 뿌린다.}}밭이 척박하다면 '''분회'''를 사용하는데, 적게 써야 하고 많이 쓰면 안 된다.김매기는 두 번을 넘지 않는다.{{원주|꽃이 나올 때는 김매기를 하면 안 되니, [김을 매면] 꽃이 떨어지기 때문이다.}}&lt;br /&gt;
잎이 다 지면 수확한다. 수확이 끝나면 갈아서 이듬해를 대비한다.{{원주|갈지 않으면 [땅이] 윤택해지지 않는다.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○'''대두''' 중 '''근경'''{{원주|'''양맥'''을 베어낸 후 곧바로 그 뿌리를 간 것이다.}}[품종의] 갈기, 김매기 및 수확 방법은 모두 '''조종'''과 동일하다. 다만 종자를 심을 때는 1'''과'''마다 4~5개로 한다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○[재배법이] '''소두''' 중 '''근경''' [품종]은 '''대두''' 중 '''근경''' [품종과] 동일하다. 다만 종자를 '''맥근'''에 뿌린 다음, 갈아서 덮어주고, 한번 김매는데 그친다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○또 다른 방법으로는 밭이 적은 경우에는 '''양맥'''에 아직 이삭이 패지 않았을 때 두 이랑 사이를 얕게 간 다음, '''대두'''를 심는다. '''양맥''' 수확이 끝나면 다시 양맥 뿌리를 갈아 '''대두''' 뿌리를 덮어준다. 대두밭에서 '''가을보리'''를 '''사이심기'''하거나, 보리밭에서 '''조'''를 사이심기하는 것은 모두 이 방법과 동일하다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○ 그물망으로 입을 감싼 소로 두 이랑 사이를 가는 것은 '''메기장''', '''조'''밭과 동일하다. 잡초가 도로 무성해지면 다시 간다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○ '''녹두'''는 '''척박한 밭'''이나 '''황무지'''라도 모두 심을 수 있다. 종자를 듬성듬성 뿌리고 한번 김맨다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''English Translation'''==&lt;br /&gt;
'''Cultivating Soybeans, Red Beans, and Mung Beans'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Soybeans and red beans have early- and late-sowing varieties. {{Original Commentary|The '''early-sowing variety''''s common name is '''chungyeong'''. The late-sowing variety's common name is ''geungyeong''. ''Geungyeong'' refers to &amp;quot;plowing the roots of barley/wheat.&amp;quot;}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The early-sowing variety can be sown from the second week&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;A lunar month has three weeks of 10 days each.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; of the third (lunar) month to the second week of the fourth month. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
When maintaining the fields, do not make the soil too '''soft'''. When sowing, do not put more than three or four seeds in each pit. {{Original Commentary|If there are many seeds, then they will grow densely, producing a small yield. Therefore, you should sow sparsely in fertile fields and densely in barren fields.}} &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If the fields are barren, use some '''''bunhoe''', but not too much. Do not hoe more than twice. {{Original Commentary|When the flowers bloom, do not hoe, as it will make the flowers fall.}} &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
When the leaves wither, harvest the beans. When the harvest ends, plow the fields and prepare for the following year. {{Original Commentary|If not plowed, then {the soil} becomes infertile.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○ For the soybean ''geungyeong'' variety {{Original Commentary|Immediately after barley/wheat is harvested, plow with the roots still in the soil}}, plowing, hoeing, and harvesting of the same as early-sowing varieties. However, in sowing, four or five seeds are to be put in each pit.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○ The red bean ''geungyeong'' variety is the same as that of the the soybean &amp;quot;geungyeong'' variety. However, (for this variety you should) scatter the seeds on field where barley had been planted, then plow again. Hoe just once.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○ One other method: In the case of small fields, when barley/wheat is ready to be harvested, make a small furrow in between their rows. Plant the beans in this furrow. Then, harvest the barley/wheat. Then using the dirt with the barley/wheat roots still in it, fill the furrow where the beans were planted. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The relay cropping of autumn barley in soybean fields and the relay cropping of foxtail millet in barley fields follows the same method as this.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○ (The method of) plowing using an ox with its mouth covered with a mussle is the same as for proso/foxtail millet fields. If weeds are grow too much, then plow again.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○ Mung beans can be sown in either barren fields or wastelands. Scatter them sparsely and hoe once.&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Glossary'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Footnote'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Further Reading'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:농사직설]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Jeeeun</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://dh.aks.ac.kr/~classics/wiki/index.php?title=NJ2018_Cultivating_Barnyard_Grass&amp;diff=2818</id>
		<title>NJ2018 Cultivating Barnyard Grass</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://dh.aks.ac.kr/~classics/wiki/index.php?title=NJ2018_Cultivating_Barnyard_Grass&amp;diff=2818"/>
				<updated>2018-06-13T02:38:43Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Jeeeun: /* Korean Translation */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{NJ2018 TOC}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Original Script'''==&lt;br /&gt;
{|class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:70%&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;width:80%&amp;quot; | Text with Punctuation || style=&amp;quot;width:20%&amp;quot; | Text Image&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|種稷 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【附姜稷】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;:&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
稷性宜下濕之地。 二月中旬耕地, 以木斫&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【所訖羅】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;熟治。 自三月上旬至四月上旬, 皆可種。&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;種法與種黍粟同, 或撒擲種亦得。&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;田若塉薄, 用糞灰, &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【熟糞與尿灰也。 下倣此。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; 或先布雜草於畝間, 後耕種。 鋤至二度。&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
○稷亦有晩種早熟者。&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【鄕名姜稷】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; 兩麥底六月上旬可種。&lt;br /&gt;
||&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;html&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;center&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;a href=&amp;quot;http://digerati.aks.ac.kr/DhLab/2018/103/jpg/page-14-1.jpg&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;img src=&amp;quot;http://digerati.aks.ac.kr/DhLab/2018/103/thumb/page-14-1_xs.jpg&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;14&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/td&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/center&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/html&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Korean Translation'''==&lt;br /&gt;
'''피 심기 {{원주|''강직''을 덧붙임}}'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''피'''의 성질은 저지대에 습기가 많은 곳이 적합한데, '''2월 중순'''에 땅을 갈고 '''''목작'''''{{원주|향명 ''소흘라''}}으로 부드럽게 다듬는다. '''3월 상순'''부터 '''4월 상순'''까지 언제나 파종할 수 있다. 파종법은 '''기장''', '''조''' 파종법과 동일하다. 또는 종자를 뿌리는 방법도 괜찮다. 밭이 척박하다면 '''분회'''{{원주|잘 삭힌 거름과 뇨회이다. 아래도 이와 같다.}}를 사용하며, 경우에 따라 우선 '''이랑''' 사이에 잡초를 깐 뒤에 갈아서 파종한다. 김매기는 2번 한다. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○'''피''' 역시 일찍 익는 '''만종'''이 있다. {{원주|향명 ''강직(姜稷)''}}'''양맥'''의 바닥에 '''6월 상순'''에 심을 수 있다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''English Translation'''==&lt;br /&gt;
'''Cultivating Barnyard Grass {{Original Commentary|Including ''Gangjik''}}'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Low and wet lands are appropriate for barnyard grass. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The soil (should be) plowed in the second week&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;A lunar month has three weeks of 10 days each.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; of the second (lunar) month and well-prepared with a '''''mokchak'''''. {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''soheulla''.}} &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It is possible to sow any time from the first week of the third month to the first week of the fourth month. The sowing method is the same as that of proso/foxtail millet. Alternatively, scattering the seeds is also fine. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If the fields are barren, use '''''bunhoe'''''. {{Original Commentary| (This is an abbreviation for) aged manure and urinated ash. (This abbreviation will be used) in the following sections, as well.}} Alternatively, first spread '''chopped weeds''' between the ridges prior to plowing and sowing. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Hoeing (should be done) at least twice. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○ Barnyard grass, as well, has a '''late-sowing quick-ripening variety'''. {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''gangjik''.}} (This late-sowing quick-ripening variety) can be sown at the latest in the first week of the sixth month when '''double cropping''' with '''barley'''.&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Glossary'''==&lt;br /&gt;
===Plant Varieties===&lt;br /&gt;
'''Barnyard grass'''&lt;br /&gt;
* Chinese: 稷&lt;br /&gt;
* Korean: 피&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Gangjik'''&lt;br /&gt;
* Common name Chinese: 姜稷&lt;br /&gt;
* Common name Korean: 강직&lt;br /&gt;
*Name of late-planting quick-ripening variety of barnyard grass &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Proso millet'''&lt;br /&gt;
* Chinese: 黍&lt;br /&gt;
* Korean: 기장&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Foxtail millet'''&lt;br /&gt;
* Chinese: 粟&lt;br /&gt;
* Korean: 조&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Farming Tools===&lt;br /&gt;
'''''Mokchak'' (''soheulla'')'''&lt;br /&gt;
*Chinese: 木斫&lt;br /&gt;
*Korean: 목작&lt;br /&gt;
*Common name (Chinese): 所訖羅&lt;br /&gt;
*Common name (Korean): 소흘라&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''''Bunhoe'''''&lt;br /&gt;
*Chinese: 糞灰&lt;br /&gt;
*Korean: 분회&lt;br /&gt;
*Abbreviation for mix of aged manure and urinated ash&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Land Types===&lt;br /&gt;
'''Low and wet lands'''&lt;br /&gt;
*Chinese: 下濕&lt;br /&gt;
*Korean: 하습(저지대에 습기가 많은 곳)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Double cropping'''&lt;br /&gt;
*Chinese: 兩麥&lt;br /&gt;
*Korean: 양맥&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Cultivation Methods===&lt;br /&gt;
*Sowing method: foot sowing (same as proso and foxtail millet); or scattering seeds&lt;br /&gt;
*Fertilization method: use aged manure and urinated ash or weed plowing&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Cultivation Timeline===&lt;br /&gt;
'''Plowing'''&lt;br /&gt;
*2nd month 2nd week&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Sowing'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Early-sowing variety: 3rd month 1st week - 4th month 1st week&lt;br /&gt;
*Late-sowing quick-ripening variety: 6th month 1st week at latest when doing double cropping&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Footnote'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Further Reading'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:농사직설]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Jeeeun</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://dh.aks.ac.kr/~classics/wiki/index.php?title=NJ2018_Cultivating_Barnyard_Grass&amp;diff=2817</id>
		<title>NJ2018 Cultivating Barnyard Grass</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://dh.aks.ac.kr/~classics/wiki/index.php?title=NJ2018_Cultivating_Barnyard_Grass&amp;diff=2817"/>
				<updated>2018-06-13T02:38:23Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Jeeeun: /* Korean Translation */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{NJ2018 TOC}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Original Script'''==&lt;br /&gt;
{|class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:70%&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;width:80%&amp;quot; | Text with Punctuation || style=&amp;quot;width:20%&amp;quot; | Text Image&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|種稷 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【附姜稷】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;:&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
稷性宜下濕之地。 二月中旬耕地, 以木斫&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【所訖羅】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;熟治。 自三月上旬至四月上旬, 皆可種。&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;種法與種黍粟同, 或撒擲種亦得。&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;田若塉薄, 用糞灰, &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【熟糞與尿灰也。 下倣此。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; 或先布雜草於畝間, 後耕種。 鋤至二度。&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
○稷亦有晩種早熟者。&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【鄕名姜稷】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; 兩麥底六月上旬可種。&lt;br /&gt;
||&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;html&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;center&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;a href=&amp;quot;http://digerati.aks.ac.kr/DhLab/2018/103/jpg/page-14-1.jpg&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;img src=&amp;quot;http://digerati.aks.ac.kr/DhLab/2018/103/thumb/page-14-1_xs.jpg&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;14&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/td&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/center&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/html&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Korean Translation'''==&lt;br /&gt;
'''피 심기 {{원주|''강직''을 덧붙임}}'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''피'''의 성질은 저지대에 습기가 많은 곳이 적합한데, '''2월 중순'''에 땅을 갈고 '''''목작'''''{{원주|향명 ''소흘라''}}으로 부드럽게 다듬는다. '''3월 상순'''부터 '''4월 상순'''까지 언제나 파종할 수 있다. 파종법은 '''기장''', '''조''' 파종법과 동일하다. 또는 종자를 뿌리는 방법도 괜찮다. 밭이 척박하다면 '''분회'''{{원주|잘 삭힌 거름과 뇨회이다. 아래도 이와 같다.}}를 사용하며, 경우에 따라 우선 '''이랑''' 사이에 잡초를 깐 뒤에 갈아서 파종한다. 김매기는 2번 한다. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''피''' 역시 일찍 익는 '''만종'''이 있다. {{원주|향명 ''강직(姜稷)''}}'''양맥'''의 바닥에 '''6월 상순'''에 심을 수 있다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''English Translation'''==&lt;br /&gt;
'''Cultivating Barnyard Grass {{Original Commentary|Including ''Gangjik''}}'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Low and wet lands are appropriate for barnyard grass. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The soil (should be) plowed in the second week&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;A lunar month has three weeks of 10 days each.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; of the second (lunar) month and well-prepared with a '''''mokchak'''''. {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''soheulla''.}} &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It is possible to sow any time from the first week of the third month to the first week of the fourth month. The sowing method is the same as that of proso/foxtail millet. Alternatively, scattering the seeds is also fine. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If the fields are barren, use '''''bunhoe'''''. {{Original Commentary| (This is an abbreviation for) aged manure and urinated ash. (This abbreviation will be used) in the following sections, as well.}} Alternatively, first spread '''chopped weeds''' between the ridges prior to plowing and sowing. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Hoeing (should be done) at least twice. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○ Barnyard grass, as well, has a '''late-sowing quick-ripening variety'''. {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''gangjik''.}} (This late-sowing quick-ripening variety) can be sown at the latest in the first week of the sixth month when '''double cropping''' with '''barley'''.&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Glossary'''==&lt;br /&gt;
===Plant Varieties===&lt;br /&gt;
'''Barnyard grass'''&lt;br /&gt;
* Chinese: 稷&lt;br /&gt;
* Korean: 피&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Gangjik'''&lt;br /&gt;
* Common name Chinese: 姜稷&lt;br /&gt;
* Common name Korean: 강직&lt;br /&gt;
*Name of late-planting quick-ripening variety of barnyard grass &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Proso millet'''&lt;br /&gt;
* Chinese: 黍&lt;br /&gt;
* Korean: 기장&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Foxtail millet'''&lt;br /&gt;
* Chinese: 粟&lt;br /&gt;
* Korean: 조&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Farming Tools===&lt;br /&gt;
'''''Mokchak'' (''soheulla'')'''&lt;br /&gt;
*Chinese: 木斫&lt;br /&gt;
*Korean: 목작&lt;br /&gt;
*Common name (Chinese): 所訖羅&lt;br /&gt;
*Common name (Korean): 소흘라&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''''Bunhoe'''''&lt;br /&gt;
*Chinese: 糞灰&lt;br /&gt;
*Korean: 분회&lt;br /&gt;
*Abbreviation for mix of aged manure and urinated ash&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Land Types===&lt;br /&gt;
'''Low and wet lands'''&lt;br /&gt;
*Chinese: 下濕&lt;br /&gt;
*Korean: 하습(저지대에 습기가 많은 곳)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Double cropping'''&lt;br /&gt;
*Chinese: 兩麥&lt;br /&gt;
*Korean: 양맥&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Cultivation Methods===&lt;br /&gt;
*Sowing method: foot sowing (same as proso and foxtail millet); or scattering seeds&lt;br /&gt;
*Fertilization method: use aged manure and urinated ash or weed plowing&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Cultivation Timeline===&lt;br /&gt;
'''Plowing'''&lt;br /&gt;
*2nd month 2nd week&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Sowing'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Early-sowing variety: 3rd month 1st week - 4th month 1st week&lt;br /&gt;
*Late-sowing quick-ripening variety: 6th month 1st week at latest when doing double cropping&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Footnote'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Further Reading'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:농사직설]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Jeeeun</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://dh.aks.ac.kr/~classics/wiki/index.php?title=NJ2018_Cultivating_Barnyard_Grass&amp;diff=2816</id>
		<title>NJ2018 Cultivating Barnyard Grass</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://dh.aks.ac.kr/~classics/wiki/index.php?title=NJ2018_Cultivating_Barnyard_Grass&amp;diff=2816"/>
				<updated>2018-06-13T02:38:14Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Jeeeun: /* Korean Translation */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{NJ2018 TOC}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Original Script'''==&lt;br /&gt;
{|class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:70%&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;width:80%&amp;quot; | Text with Punctuation || style=&amp;quot;width:20%&amp;quot; | Text Image&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|種稷 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【附姜稷】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;:&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
稷性宜下濕之地。 二月中旬耕地, 以木斫&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【所訖羅】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;熟治。 自三月上旬至四月上旬, 皆可種。&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;種法與種黍粟同, 或撒擲種亦得。&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;田若塉薄, 用糞灰, &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【熟糞與尿灰也。 下倣此。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; 或先布雜草於畝間, 後耕種。 鋤至二度。&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
○稷亦有晩種早熟者。&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【鄕名姜稷】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; 兩麥底六月上旬可種。&lt;br /&gt;
||&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;html&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;center&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;a href=&amp;quot;http://digerati.aks.ac.kr/DhLab/2018/103/jpg/page-14-1.jpg&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;img src=&amp;quot;http://digerati.aks.ac.kr/DhLab/2018/103/thumb/page-14-1_xs.jpg&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;14&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/td&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/center&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/html&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Korean Translation'''==&lt;br /&gt;
피 심기 {{원주|''강직''을 덧붙임}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''피'''의 성질은 저지대에 습기가 많은 곳이 적합한데, '''2월 중순'''에 땅을 갈고 '''''목작'''''{{원주|향명 ''소흘라''}}으로 부드럽게 다듬는다. '''3월 상순'''부터 '''4월 상순'''까지 언제나 파종할 수 있다. 파종법은 '''기장''', '''조''' 파종법과 동일하다. 또는 종자를 뿌리는 방법도 괜찮다. 밭이 척박하다면 '''분회'''{{원주|잘 삭힌 거름과 뇨회이다. 아래도 이와 같다.}}를 사용하며, 경우에 따라 우선 '''이랑''' 사이에 잡초를 깐 뒤에 갈아서 파종한다. 김매기는 2번 한다. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''피''' 역시 일찍 익는 '''만종'''이 있다. {{원주|향명 ''강직(姜稷)''}}'''양맥'''의 바닥에 '''6월 상순'''에 심을 수 있다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''English Translation'''==&lt;br /&gt;
'''Cultivating Barnyard Grass {{Original Commentary|Including ''Gangjik''}}'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Low and wet lands are appropriate for barnyard grass. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The soil (should be) plowed in the second week&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;A lunar month has three weeks of 10 days each.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; of the second (lunar) month and well-prepared with a '''''mokchak'''''. {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''soheulla''.}} &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It is possible to sow any time from the first week of the third month to the first week of the fourth month. The sowing method is the same as that of proso/foxtail millet. Alternatively, scattering the seeds is also fine. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If the fields are barren, use '''''bunhoe'''''. {{Original Commentary| (This is an abbreviation for) aged manure and urinated ash. (This abbreviation will be used) in the following sections, as well.}} Alternatively, first spread '''chopped weeds''' between the ridges prior to plowing and sowing. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Hoeing (should be done) at least twice. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○ Barnyard grass, as well, has a '''late-sowing quick-ripening variety'''. {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''gangjik''.}} (This late-sowing quick-ripening variety) can be sown at the latest in the first week of the sixth month when '''double cropping''' with '''barley'''.&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Glossary'''==&lt;br /&gt;
===Plant Varieties===&lt;br /&gt;
'''Barnyard grass'''&lt;br /&gt;
* Chinese: 稷&lt;br /&gt;
* Korean: 피&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Gangjik'''&lt;br /&gt;
* Common name Chinese: 姜稷&lt;br /&gt;
* Common name Korean: 강직&lt;br /&gt;
*Name of late-planting quick-ripening variety of barnyard grass &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Proso millet'''&lt;br /&gt;
* Chinese: 黍&lt;br /&gt;
* Korean: 기장&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Foxtail millet'''&lt;br /&gt;
* Chinese: 粟&lt;br /&gt;
* Korean: 조&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Farming Tools===&lt;br /&gt;
'''''Mokchak'' (''soheulla'')'''&lt;br /&gt;
*Chinese: 木斫&lt;br /&gt;
*Korean: 목작&lt;br /&gt;
*Common name (Chinese): 所訖羅&lt;br /&gt;
*Common name (Korean): 소흘라&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''''Bunhoe'''''&lt;br /&gt;
*Chinese: 糞灰&lt;br /&gt;
*Korean: 분회&lt;br /&gt;
*Abbreviation for mix of aged manure and urinated ash&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Land Types===&lt;br /&gt;
'''Low and wet lands'''&lt;br /&gt;
*Chinese: 下濕&lt;br /&gt;
*Korean: 하습(저지대에 습기가 많은 곳)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Double cropping'''&lt;br /&gt;
*Chinese: 兩麥&lt;br /&gt;
*Korean: 양맥&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Cultivation Methods===&lt;br /&gt;
*Sowing method: foot sowing (same as proso and foxtail millet); or scattering seeds&lt;br /&gt;
*Fertilization method: use aged manure and urinated ash or weed plowing&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Cultivation Timeline===&lt;br /&gt;
'''Plowing'''&lt;br /&gt;
*2nd month 2nd week&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Sowing'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Early-sowing variety: 3rd month 1st week - 4th month 1st week&lt;br /&gt;
*Late-sowing quick-ripening variety: 6th month 1st week at latest when doing double cropping&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Footnote'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Further Reading'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:농사직설]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Jeeeun</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://dh.aks.ac.kr/~classics/wiki/index.php?title=NJ2018_Cultivating_Proso_and_Foxtail_Millet&amp;diff=2815</id>
		<title>NJ2018 Cultivating Proso and Foxtail Millet</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://dh.aks.ac.kr/~classics/wiki/index.php?title=NJ2018_Cultivating_Proso_and_Foxtail_Millet&amp;diff=2815"/>
				<updated>2018-06-13T02:35:53Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Jeeeun: /* Korean Translation */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{NJ2018 TOC}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Original Script'''==&lt;br /&gt;
{|class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:70%&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;width:80%&amp;quot; | Text with Punctuation || style=&amp;quot;width:20%&amp;quot; | Text Image&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|種黍、粟&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【附占勿谷粟、靑梁粟、薥黍】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;:&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
三月霜氣頓無, &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【早黍、早粟三月上旬, 晩黍、晩粟三月中旬至四月上旬, 可種。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; 擇良田, &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【細沙、黑土相半者爲良。黍、粟性宜高燥, 不宜下濕。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt; 先用小豆稀疎播撒, 後耕之。&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt; 遂畝左右足踵交踏, 以水荏子與黍或粟, 相和&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【水荏子一分, 黍或粟三分。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;下種。 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【左右足交運, 已成覆土矣。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt; 及苗長, 間生雜草與科密處, 鋤而去之, 以土壅根。 鋤至三度, 勿以無草停鋤。&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt; 待禾成長, 兩畝間雜草茂盛, 用一牛網其口, 徐驅耕之, 勿致損禾。 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【畝間無穢, 土壅禾根。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt; 黍半熟卽刈, 粟待十分黃熟可刈。 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【黍熟易零, 遇風卽失收。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt; 田若塉薄, 用熟糞或尿灰, 種之。 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【每黍、粟二三升, 和熟糞或尿灰一石爲度。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
○ 粟又有晩種早熟, 如靑梁&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【鄕名生動粘】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;之類者。&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【鄕名占勿谷】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; 擇土厚久陳地, 種之。 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【芟除林木爲上, 久陣田次之, 麥根爲下。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; &amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;五月伐草, 待乾火之。 灰未冷時, &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【灰冷卽蜘蛛遍網地面, 種不至地。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; 撒擲粟種, 以鐵齒擺&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【鄕名手愁音】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;, 起土覆種粟, 鋤草省力, 所出倍常。&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【大抵治田之法, 秋耕過冬爲上, 粟田尤甚。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
○ 薥黍&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【鄕名唐黍】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;, 宜下濕, 不宜高燥。 二月早種, 鋤不至再而收多。&lt;br /&gt;
||&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;html&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;center&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href=&amp;quot;http://digerati.aks.ac.kr/DhLab/2018/103/jpg/page-12-1.jpg&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;img src=&amp;quot;http://digerati.aks.ac.kr/DhLab/2018/103/thumb/page-12-1_xs.jpg&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;12&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/td&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;td align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href=&amp;quot;http://digerati.aks.ac.kr/DhLab/2018/103/jpg/page-13-1.jpg&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;img src=&amp;quot;http://digerati.aks.ac.kr/DhLab/2018/103/thumb/page-12-1_xs.jpg&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;13&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/td&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/center&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/html&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Korean Translation'''==&lt;br /&gt;
'''메기장,조 재배법'''{{원주|''점물곡속'', ''청량속'', 촉서를 덧붙임}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3월에 서리가 홀연히 사라지면{{원주|'''올기장''', '''올조'''는 '''3월 상순'''에, '''늦기장''', '''늦조'''는 '''3월 중순'''에서 '''4월 상순''' 사이에 파종할 수 있다.}}좋은 밭을 고른 후{{원주|고운 모래와 검은 흙이 절반씩 섞인 곳이 좋다. '''메기장'''과 '''조'''의 성질은 고지대에 건조한 곳이 적합하며, 저지대에 습기가 많은 곳은 적합하지 않다.}}우선 '''팥'''을 듬성듬성 뿌린 후 간다. '''이랑'''을 따라 왼발과 오른발 뒤꿈치로 교대로 밟으면서 '''수임자'''와 '''메기장''' 혹은 '''조'''를 잘 섞어{{원주|'''수임자''' 1'''푼'''에 '''메기장''' 혹은 '''조''' 3'''푼'''이다.}}파종한다.{{원주|왼발과 오른발을 교대로 움직이면 [종자는] 어느새 흙으로 덮여 있게 된다.}}모가 자라는 동안에, 모 사이에서 나오는 잡초와 모가 빽빽한 곳은 김을 매서 없애고 흙으로 뿌리를 돋워준다. 김매기는 3번 하는데, 잡초가 없다고 해서 김매기를 멈춰서는 안 된다. 이삭이 성장한 이후에는 두 '''이랑''' 사이에 잡초가 무성하면, 입을 '''그물망'''으로 감싼 소 1마리를 서서히 몰아 [고랑을] 갈면서 이삭을 망치지 않게 한다.{{원주|'''이랑''' 사이에 잡초가 없다면 흙으로 이삭 뿌리를 북돋워준다.}}'''메기장'''은 반쯤 익으면 곧바로 벤다. '''조'''는 누렇게 충분히 익은 다음에 베야 한다.{{원주|'''메기장'''은 익으면 쉽게 떨어지며, 바람을 맞으면 수확을 못하게 된다.}}밭이 만약 척박하다면, 잘 삭힌 '''거름''' 혹은 '''뇨회'''[와 섞어] 파종한다.{{원주|메기장․조 2~3'''되'''를 기준으로 잘 삭힌 '''거름''' 혹은 '''뇨회''' 1'''섬'''을 섞는다.}}&lt;br /&gt;
○'''조'''에는 또한 '''만종'''이 있는데, 일찍 익는 것이 '''''청량'''''{{원주|향명 ''생동점''}}등과 같다.{{원주|향명 ''점물곡''}}흙이 두텁고 오래 묵은 땅을 골라 심는다.{{원주|수풀을 베어낸 곳이 가장 좋고, 오래 묵은 밭이 그 다음이고, '''맥근'''이 가장 나쁘다.}}5월에 잡초를 베어내고 [잡초가] 마른 후에 불을 지르는데, 재가 식기 전에{{원주|재가 식으면 거미가 땅에 거미줄을 넓게 쳐서 종자가 땅에 닿지 않게 된다.}}조 종자를 뿌리고, '''''철치파'''''{{원주|향명 ''수수음''}}로 흙을 일구어 종자를 덮으면, 김매는 힘은 줄어들고 소출은 보통 때의 두 배가 된다.{{원주|대체로 밭을 가꾸는 법은 가을에 갈아 겨울을 나는 것이 가장 상책인데, 조밭은 더욱 그러하다.}}'''간종'''한 '''조'''가 혹 비로 인해 줄기가 지나치게 무성해지면, 이삭만 나오고 여물지 않는다. 소에 '''구럭'''을 씌워 두 이랑 사이를 갈아 줄기 마디에 흙을 넣어주면, 다시 새 뿌리가 나며 이삭이 길게 패고 잘 여문다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○ '''촉서'''{{원주|향명 ''당서''}}는 저지대에 습기가 많은 곳이 적합하며, 고지대에 건조한 곳은 적합하지 않다. 2월에 일찍 파종하면 두 번 김매지 않고도 많이 거두게 된다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''English Translation'''==&lt;br /&gt;
'''Cultivating Proso/Foxtail Millet {{Original Commentary|Including''Jeommulgoksok'', ''Cheongnyangsok'', and Sorghum}}'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If the frost disappears in the third (lunar) month {{Original Commentary|Early-sowing proso/foxtail millet should be sown in the first week&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;A lunar month has three weeks of 10 days each.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  of the third month. Late-sowing proso/foxtail millet should be sown between the second week of the third month and the first week of the fourth month}}, select a good field. {{Original Commentary|'''Fields mixed with half fine sand and half black dirt''' are good. '''High and dry areas''' are appropriate for the nature of proso/foxtail millet, and '''low and wet''' places are not.}} First, scatter '''red beans''' about the field. Then, plow.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Following the ridges, alternately step on and off with the left and right heels of one's feet. Sow a mix of '''wild sesame seeds''' with proso/foxtail millet {{Original Commentary|One part '''wild sesame seeds''', three parts pro so/foxtail millet}}. {{Original Commentary|By switching between left and right feet, the seeds will be covered with soil.}} &amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;This section is referring to the foot sowing method.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
When the seedlings grow, hoe and remove the weeds growing in between the seedlings. Where they are thick, cover up the roots with soil. Hoe three times, and do not stop hoeing just because there are no weeds. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
After the seedlings have grown, if the weeds grow thickly between the ridges, yoke an '''ox''' with its mouth covered with a '''mussle'''&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;To stop the ox from eating the plants&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;, and have it plow slowly, preventing the plants from being damaged. {{Original Commentary|If there are no weeds between the ridges, cover the roots of the plants with soil.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If the proso millet is half ripe, it should be cut immediately. For, foxtail millet, it is possible to wait until is fully yellow to cut it. {{Original Commentary|When proso millet is ripe, it falls easily, and if it comes into contact with wind, then the harvest will be lost.}} &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If the fields are barren, use '''aged manure''' or '''urinated ash''' (for mixing) and sow the seeds. {{Original Commentary|For every two or three '''''doe''''' of millet, mix one '''''seom''''' of '''aged manure''' or '''urinated ash'''.}} &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○ Proso/foxtail millet, as well, has a '''late-sowing quick-ripening variety''',  similar to '''''cheongnyang''''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is  ''saengdongjeom''}}.  {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''jeommulgok''.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Choose soil that is thick, old, and well-used for planting. {{Original Commentary|Places '''without trees and grass''' are best, '''old and well-used''' fields are second best, and fields '''where barley has been grown (and the roots remain)''' are worst.}} &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In the fifth month, remove the weeds, waiting till they are dry to burn them. When the ashes are not yet cool {{Original Commentary|If the ashes cool, then spiders make a web all over the fields's surface, preventing the seeds from touching the soil}}, scatter the proso/foxtail millet seeds. Then, dig up the earth with a '''''cheolchipa''''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''susueum''}} and cover the seeds. This reduces the labor for hoeing and produces twice as much yield as normal. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Original Commentary|In general, regarding field cultivation methods, plowing in autumn (so the seeds) grow in winter is best, and this is all the more so for proso/foxtail millet fields.}} {{Original Commentary|If the stalks of intercropped proso/foxtail millet grow too thick due to rain, only the leaves will sprout and the grain will not mature. Yoke an ox with its mouth covered with a mussle, and plow in between two ridges, putting soil in between the joints of the proso/foxtail millet stalks. This will grow new roots and leaves that will grow long and mature into grain.}} &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○ '''Sorghum''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''dangseo''}} is appropriate for '''low and wet areas''', and inappropriate for '''high and dry areas'''. If sowed early in the second month, (even) without a second hoeing there will be a large harvest.&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Glossary'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Footnote'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Further Reading'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:농사직설]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Jeeeun</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://dh.aks.ac.kr/~classics/wiki/index.php?title=NJ2018_Cultivating_Proso_and_Foxtail_Millet&amp;diff=2813</id>
		<title>NJ2018 Cultivating Proso and Foxtail Millet</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://dh.aks.ac.kr/~classics/wiki/index.php?title=NJ2018_Cultivating_Proso_and_Foxtail_Millet&amp;diff=2813"/>
				<updated>2018-06-13T02:35:19Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Jeeeun: /* Korean Translation */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{NJ2018 TOC}}&lt;br /&gt;
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=='''Original Script'''==&lt;br /&gt;
{|class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:70%&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;width:80%&amp;quot; | Text with Punctuation || style=&amp;quot;width:20%&amp;quot; | Text Image&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|種黍、粟&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【附占勿谷粟、靑梁粟、薥黍】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;:&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
三月霜氣頓無, &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【早黍、早粟三月上旬, 晩黍、晩粟三月中旬至四月上旬, 可種。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; 擇良田, &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【細沙、黑土相半者爲良。黍、粟性宜高燥, 不宜下濕。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt; 先用小豆稀疎播撒, 後耕之。&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt; 遂畝左右足踵交踏, 以水荏子與黍或粟, 相和&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【水荏子一分, 黍或粟三分。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;下種。 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【左右足交運, 已成覆土矣。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt; 及苗長, 間生雜草與科密處, 鋤而去之, 以土壅根。 鋤至三度, 勿以無草停鋤。&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt; 待禾成長, 兩畝間雜草茂盛, 用一牛網其口, 徐驅耕之, 勿致損禾。 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【畝間無穢, 土壅禾根。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt; 黍半熟卽刈, 粟待十分黃熟可刈。 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【黍熟易零, 遇風卽失收。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt; 田若塉薄, 用熟糞或尿灰, 種之。 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【每黍、粟二三升, 和熟糞或尿灰一石爲度。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
○ 粟又有晩種早熟, 如靑梁&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【鄕名生動粘】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;之類者。&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【鄕名占勿谷】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; 擇土厚久陳地, 種之。 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【芟除林木爲上, 久陣田次之, 麥根爲下。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; &amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;五月伐草, 待乾火之。 灰未冷時, &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【灰冷卽蜘蛛遍網地面, 種不至地。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; 撒擲粟種, 以鐵齒擺&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【鄕名手愁音】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;, 起土覆種粟, 鋤草省力, 所出倍常。&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【大抵治田之法, 秋耕過冬爲上, 粟田尤甚。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
○ 薥黍&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【鄕名唐黍】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;, 宜下濕, 不宜高燥。 二月早種, 鋤不至再而收多。&lt;br /&gt;
||&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;center&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href=&amp;quot;http://digerati.aks.ac.kr/DhLab/2018/103/jpg/page-12-1.jpg&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;img src=&amp;quot;http://digerati.aks.ac.kr/DhLab/2018/103/thumb/page-12-1_xs.jpg&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;12&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/td&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;td align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href=&amp;quot;http://digerati.aks.ac.kr/DhLab/2018/103/jpg/page-13-1.jpg&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;img src=&amp;quot;http://digerati.aks.ac.kr/DhLab/2018/103/thumb/page-12-1_xs.jpg&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;13&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/td&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/center&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/html&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Korean Translation'''==&lt;br /&gt;
'''메기장,조 재배법'''{{원주|점물곡속, 청량속, 촉서(薥黍)를 덧붙임}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3월에 서리가 홀연히 사라지면{{원주|'''올기장''', '''올조'''는 '''3월 상순'''에, '''늦기장''', '''늦조'''는 '''3월 중순'''에서 '''4월 상순''' 사이에 파종할 수 있다.}}좋은 밭을 고른 후{{원주|고운 모래와 검은 흙이 절반씩 섞인 곳이 좋다. '''메기장'''과 '''조'''의 성질은 고지대에 건조한 곳이 적합하며, 저지대에 습기가 많은 곳은 적합하지 않다.}}우선 '''팥'''을 듬성듬성 뿌린 후 간다. '''이랑'''을 따라 왼발과 오른발 뒤꿈치로 교대로 밟으면서 '''수임자'''와 '''메기장''' 혹은 '''조'''를 잘 섞어{{원주|'''수임자''' 1'''푼'''에 '''메기장''' 혹은 '''조''' 3'''푼'''이다.}}파종한다.{{원주|왼발과 오른발을 교대로 움직이면 [종자는] 어느새 흙으로 덮여 있게 된다.}}모가 자라는 동안에, 모 사이에서 나오는 잡초와 모가 빽빽한 곳은 김을 매서 없애고 흙으로 뿌리를 돋워준다. 김매기는 3번 하는데, 잡초가 없다고 해서 김매기를 멈춰서는 안 된다. 이삭이 성장한 이후에는 두 '''이랑''' 사이에 잡초가 무성하면, 입을 '''그물망'''으로 감싼 소 1마리를 서서히 몰아 [고랑을] 갈면서 이삭을 망치지 않게 한다.{{원주|'''이랑''' 사이에 잡초가 없다면 흙으로 이삭 뿌리를 북돋워준다.}}'''메기장'''은 반쯤 익으면 곧바로 벤다. '''조'''는 누렇게 충분히 익은 다음에 베야 한다.{{원주|'''메기장'''은 익으면 쉽게 떨어지며, 바람을 맞으면 수확을 못하게 된다.}}밭이 만약 척박하다면, 잘 삭힌 '''거름''' 혹은 '''뇨회'''[와 섞어] 파종한다.{{원주|메기장․조 2~3'''되'''를 기준으로 잘 삭힌 '''거름''' 혹은 '''뇨회''' 1'''섬'''을 섞는다.}}&lt;br /&gt;
○'''조'''에는 또한 '''만종'''이 있는데, 일찍 익는 것이 '''''청량'''''{{원주|향명 ''생동점''}}등과 같다.{{원주|향명 ''점물곡''}}흙이 두텁고 오래 묵은 땅을 골라 심는다.{{원주|수풀을 베어낸 곳이 가장 좋고, 오래 묵은 밭이 그 다음이고, '''맥근'''이 가장 나쁘다.}}5월에 잡초를 베어내고 [잡초가] 마른 후에 불을 지르는데, 재가 식기 전에{{원주|재가 식으면 거미가 땅에 거미줄을 넓게 쳐서 종자가 땅에 닿지 않게 된다.}}조 종자를 뿌리고, '''''철치파'''''{{원주|향명 ''수수음''}}로 흙을 일구어 종자를 덮으면, 김매는 힘은 줄어들고 소출은 보통 때의 두 배가 된다.{{원주|대체로 밭을 가꾸는 법은 가을에 갈아 겨울을 나는 것이 가장 상책인데, 조밭은 더욱 그러하다.}}'''간종'''한 '''조'''가 혹 비로 인해 줄기가 지나치게 무성해지면, 이삭만 나오고 여물지 않는다. 소에 '''구럭'''을 씌워 두 이랑 사이를 갈아 줄기 마디에 흙을 넣어주면, 다시 새 뿌리가 나며 이삭이 길게 패고 잘 여문다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○ '''촉서'''{{원주|향명 ''당서''}}는 저지대에 습기가 많은 곳이 적합하며, 고지대에 건조한 곳은 적합하지 않다. 2월에 일찍 파종하면 두 번 김매지 않고도 많이 거두게 된다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''English Translation'''==&lt;br /&gt;
'''Cultivating Proso/Foxtail Millet {{Original Commentary|Including''Jeommulgoksok'', ''Cheongnyangsok'', and Sorghum}}'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If the frost disappears in the third (lunar) month {{Original Commentary|Early-sowing proso/foxtail millet should be sown in the first week&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;A lunar month has three weeks of 10 days each.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  of the third month. Late-sowing proso/foxtail millet should be sown between the second week of the third month and the first week of the fourth month}}, select a good field. {{Original Commentary|'''Fields mixed with half fine sand and half black dirt''' are good. '''High and dry areas''' are appropriate for the nature of proso/foxtail millet, and '''low and wet''' places are not.}} First, scatter '''red beans''' about the field. Then, plow.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Following the ridges, alternately step on and off with the left and right heels of one's feet. Sow a mix of '''wild sesame seeds''' with proso/foxtail millet {{Original Commentary|One part '''wild sesame seeds''', three parts pro so/foxtail millet}}. {{Original Commentary|By switching between left and right feet, the seeds will be covered with soil.}} &amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;This section is referring to the foot sowing method.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
When the seedlings grow, hoe and remove the weeds growing in between the seedlings. Where they are thick, cover up the roots with soil. Hoe three times, and do not stop hoeing just because there are no weeds. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
After the seedlings have grown, if the weeds grow thickly between the ridges, yoke an '''ox''' with its mouth covered with a '''mussle'''&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;To stop the ox from eating the plants&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;, and have it plow slowly, preventing the plants from being damaged. {{Original Commentary|If there are no weeds between the ridges, cover the roots of the plants with soil.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If the proso millet is half ripe, it should be cut immediately. For, foxtail millet, it is possible to wait until is fully yellow to cut it. {{Original Commentary|When proso millet is ripe, it falls easily, and if it comes into contact with wind, then the harvest will be lost.}} &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If the fields are barren, use '''aged manure''' or '''urinated ash''' (for mixing) and sow the seeds. {{Original Commentary|For every two or three '''''doe''''' of millet, mix one '''''seom''''' of '''aged manure''' or '''urinated ash'''.}} &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○ Proso/foxtail millet, as well, has a '''late-sowing quick-ripening variety''',  similar to '''''cheongnyang''''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is  ''saengdongjeom''}}.  {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''jeommulgok''.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Choose soil that is thick, old, and well-used for planting. {{Original Commentary|Places '''without trees and grass''' are best, '''old and well-used''' fields are second best, and fields '''where barley has been grown (and the roots remain)''' are worst.}} &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In the fifth month, remove the weeds, waiting till they are dry to burn them. When the ashes are not yet cool {{Original Commentary|If the ashes cool, then spiders make a web all over the fields's surface, preventing the seeds from touching the soil}}, scatter the proso/foxtail millet seeds. Then, dig up the earth with a '''''cheolchipa''''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''susueum''}} and cover the seeds. This reduces the labor for hoeing and produces twice as much yield as normal. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Original Commentary|In general, regarding field cultivation methods, plowing in autumn (so the seeds) grow in winter is best, and this is all the more so for proso/foxtail millet fields.}} {{Original Commentary|If the stalks of intercropped proso/foxtail millet grow too thick due to rain, only the leaves will sprout and the grain will not mature. Yoke an ox with its mouth covered with a mussle, and plow in between two ridges, putting soil in between the joints of the proso/foxtail millet stalks. This will grow new roots and leaves that will grow long and mature into grain.}} &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○ '''Sorghum''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''dangseo''}} is appropriate for '''low and wet areas''', and inappropriate for '''high and dry areas'''. If sowed early in the second month, (even) without a second hoeing there will be a large harvest.&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Glossary'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Footnote'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Further Reading'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:농사직설]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Jeeeun</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://dh.aks.ac.kr/~classics/wiki/index.php?title=NJ2018_Cultivating_Proso_and_Foxtail_Millet&amp;diff=2812</id>
		<title>NJ2018 Cultivating Proso and Foxtail Millet</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://dh.aks.ac.kr/~classics/wiki/index.php?title=NJ2018_Cultivating_Proso_and_Foxtail_Millet&amp;diff=2812"/>
				<updated>2018-06-13T02:34:57Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Jeeeun: /* Korean Translation */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{NJ2018 TOC}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Original Script'''==&lt;br /&gt;
{|class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:70%&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;width:80%&amp;quot; | Text with Punctuation || style=&amp;quot;width:20%&amp;quot; | Text Image&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|種黍、粟&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【附占勿谷粟、靑梁粟、薥黍】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;:&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
三月霜氣頓無, &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【早黍、早粟三月上旬, 晩黍、晩粟三月中旬至四月上旬, 可種。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; 擇良田, &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【細沙、黑土相半者爲良。黍、粟性宜高燥, 不宜下濕。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt; 先用小豆稀疎播撒, 後耕之。&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt; 遂畝左右足踵交踏, 以水荏子與黍或粟, 相和&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【水荏子一分, 黍或粟三分。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;下種。 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【左右足交運, 已成覆土矣。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt; 及苗長, 間生雜草與科密處, 鋤而去之, 以土壅根。 鋤至三度, 勿以無草停鋤。&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt; 待禾成長, 兩畝間雜草茂盛, 用一牛網其口, 徐驅耕之, 勿致損禾。 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【畝間無穢, 土壅禾根。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt; 黍半熟卽刈, 粟待十分黃熟可刈。 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【黍熟易零, 遇風卽失收。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt; 田若塉薄, 用熟糞或尿灰, 種之。 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【每黍、粟二三升, 和熟糞或尿灰一石爲度。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
○ 粟又有晩種早熟, 如靑梁&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【鄕名生動粘】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;之類者。&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【鄕名占勿谷】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; 擇土厚久陳地, 種之。 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【芟除林木爲上, 久陣田次之, 麥根爲下。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; &amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;五月伐草, 待乾火之。 灰未冷時, &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【灰冷卽蜘蛛遍網地面, 種不至地。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; 撒擲粟種, 以鐵齒擺&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【鄕名手愁音】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;, 起土覆種粟, 鋤草省力, 所出倍常。&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【大抵治田之法, 秋耕過冬爲上, 粟田尤甚。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
○ 薥黍&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【鄕名唐黍】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;, 宜下濕, 不宜高燥。 二月早種, 鋤不至再而收多。&lt;br /&gt;
||&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;html&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;center&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href=&amp;quot;http://digerati.aks.ac.kr/DhLab/2018/103/jpg/page-12-1.jpg&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;img src=&amp;quot;http://digerati.aks.ac.kr/DhLab/2018/103/thumb/page-12-1_xs.jpg&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;12&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/td&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;td align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href=&amp;quot;http://digerati.aks.ac.kr/DhLab/2018/103/jpg/page-13-1.jpg&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;img src=&amp;quot;http://digerati.aks.ac.kr/DhLab/2018/103/thumb/page-12-1_xs.jpg&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;13&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/td&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/center&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/html&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Korean Translation'''==&lt;br /&gt;
'''메기장,조 재배법'''{{원주|점물곡속, 청량속, 촉서(薥黍)를 덧붙임}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3월에 서리가 홀연히 사라지면{{원주|'''올기장''', '''올조'''는 '''3월 상순'''에, '''늦기장''', '''늦조'''는 '''3월 중순'''에서 '''4월 상순''' 사이에 파종할 수 있다.}}좋은 밭을 고른 후{{원주|고운 모래와 검은 흙이 절반씩 섞인 곳이 좋다. '''메기장'''과 '''조'''의 성질은 고지대에 건조한 곳이 적합하며, 저지대에 습기가 많은 곳은 적합하지 않다.}}우선 '''팥'''을 듬성듬성 뿌린 후 간다. '''이랑'''을 따라 왼발과 오른발 뒤꿈치로 교대로 밟으면서 '''수임자'''와 '''메기장''' 혹은 '''조'''를 잘 섞어{{원주|'''수임자''' 1'''푼'''에 '''메기장''' 혹은 '''조''' 3'''푼'''이다.}}파종한다.{{원주|왼발과 오른발을 교대로 움직이면 [종자는] 어느새 흙으로 덮여 있게 된다.}}모가 자라는 동안에, 모 사이에서 나오는 잡초와 모가 빽빽한 곳은 김을 매서 없애고 흙으로 뿌리를 돋워준다. 김매기는 3번 하는데, 잡초가 없다고 해서 김매기를 멈춰서는 안 된다. 이삭이 성장한 이후에는 두 '''이랑''' 사이에 잡초가 무성하면, 입을 '''그물망'''으로 감싼 소 1마리를 서서히 몰아 [고랑을] 갈면서 이삭을 망치지 않게 한다.{{원주|'''이랑''' 사이에 잡초가 없다면 흙으로 이삭 뿌리를 북돋워준다.}}'''메기장'''은 반쯤 익으면 곧바로 벤다. '''조'''는 누렇게 충분히 익은 다음에 베야 한다.{{원주|'''메기장'''은 익으면 쉽게 떨어지며, 바람을 맞으면 수확을 못하게 된다.}}밭이 만약 척박하다면, 잘 삭힌 '''거름''' 혹은 '''뇨회'''[와 섞어] 파종한다.{{원주|메기장․조 2~3'''되'''를 기준으로 잘 삭힌 '''거름''' 혹은 '''뇨회''' 1'''섬'''을 섞는다.}}&lt;br /&gt;
○'''조'''에는 또한 '''만종'''이 있는데, 일찍 익는 것이 '''''청량'''''{{원주|향명 ''생동점''}}등과 같다.{{원주|향명 점물곡}}흙이 두텁고 오래 묵은 땅을 골라 심는다.{{원주|수풀을 베어낸 곳이 가장 좋고, 오래 묵은 밭이 그 다음이고, '''맥근'''이 가장 나쁘다.}}5월에 잡초를 베어내고 [잡초가] 마른 후에 불을 지르는데, 재가 식기 전에{{원주|재가 식으면 거미가 땅에 거미줄을 넓게 쳐서 종자가 땅에 닿지 않게 된다.}}조 종자를 뿌리고, '''''철치파'''''{{원주|향명 ''수수음''}}로 흙을 일구어 종자를 덮으면, 김매는 힘은 줄어들고 소출은 보통 때의 두 배가 된다.{{원주|대체로 밭을 가꾸는 법은 가을에 갈아 겨울을 나는 것이 가장 상책인데, 조밭은 더욱 그러하다.}}'''간종'''한 '''조'''가 혹 비로 인해 줄기가 지나치게 무성해지면, 이삭만 나오고 여물지 않는다. 소에 '''구럭'''을 씌워 두 이랑 사이를 갈아 줄기 마디에 흙을 넣어주면, 다시 새 뿌리가 나며 이삭이 길게 패고 잘 여문다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○ '''촉서'''{{원주|향명 ''당서''}}는 저지대에 습기가 많은 곳이 적합하며, 고지대에 건조한 곳은 적합하지 않다. 2월에 일찍 파종하면 두 번 김매지 않고도 많이 거두게 된다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''English Translation'''==&lt;br /&gt;
'''Cultivating Proso/Foxtail Millet {{Original Commentary|Including''Jeommulgoksok'', ''Cheongnyangsok'', and Sorghum}}'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If the frost disappears in the third (lunar) month {{Original Commentary|Early-sowing proso/foxtail millet should be sown in the first week&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;A lunar month has three weeks of 10 days each.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  of the third month. Late-sowing proso/foxtail millet should be sown between the second week of the third month and the first week of the fourth month}}, select a good field. {{Original Commentary|'''Fields mixed with half fine sand and half black dirt''' are good. '''High and dry areas''' are appropriate for the nature of proso/foxtail millet, and '''low and wet''' places are not.}} First, scatter '''red beans''' about the field. Then, plow.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Following the ridges, alternately step on and off with the left and right heels of one's feet. Sow a mix of '''wild sesame seeds''' with proso/foxtail millet {{Original Commentary|One part '''wild sesame seeds''', three parts pro so/foxtail millet}}. {{Original Commentary|By switching between left and right feet, the seeds will be covered with soil.}} &amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;This section is referring to the foot sowing method.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
When the seedlings grow, hoe and remove the weeds growing in between the seedlings. Where they are thick, cover up the roots with soil. Hoe three times, and do not stop hoeing just because there are no weeds. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
After the seedlings have grown, if the weeds grow thickly between the ridges, yoke an '''ox''' with its mouth covered with a '''mussle'''&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;To stop the ox from eating the plants&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;, and have it plow slowly, preventing the plants from being damaged. {{Original Commentary|If there are no weeds between the ridges, cover the roots of the plants with soil.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If the proso millet is half ripe, it should be cut immediately. For, foxtail millet, it is possible to wait until is fully yellow to cut it. {{Original Commentary|When proso millet is ripe, it falls easily, and if it comes into contact with wind, then the harvest will be lost.}} &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If the fields are barren, use '''aged manure''' or '''urinated ash''' (for mixing) and sow the seeds. {{Original Commentary|For every two or three '''''doe''''' of millet, mix one '''''seom''''' of '''aged manure''' or '''urinated ash'''.}} &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○ Proso/foxtail millet, as well, has a '''late-sowing quick-ripening variety''',  similar to '''''cheongnyang''''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is  ''saengdongjeom''}}.  {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''jeommulgok''.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Choose soil that is thick, old, and well-used for planting. {{Original Commentary|Places '''without trees and grass''' are best, '''old and well-used''' fields are second best, and fields '''where barley has been grown (and the roots remain)''' are worst.}} &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In the fifth month, remove the weeds, waiting till they are dry to burn them. When the ashes are not yet cool {{Original Commentary|If the ashes cool, then spiders make a web all over the fields's surface, preventing the seeds from touching the soil}}, scatter the proso/foxtail millet seeds. Then, dig up the earth with a '''''cheolchipa''''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''susueum''}} and cover the seeds. This reduces the labor for hoeing and produces twice as much yield as normal. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Original Commentary|In general, regarding field cultivation methods, plowing in autumn (so the seeds) grow in winter is best, and this is all the more so for proso/foxtail millet fields.}} {{Original Commentary|If the stalks of intercropped proso/foxtail millet grow too thick due to rain, only the leaves will sprout and the grain will not mature. Yoke an ox with its mouth covered with a mussle, and plow in between two ridges, putting soil in between the joints of the proso/foxtail millet stalks. This will grow new roots and leaves that will grow long and mature into grain.}} &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○ '''Sorghum''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''dangseo''}} is appropriate for '''low and wet areas''', and inappropriate for '''high and dry areas'''. If sowed early in the second month, (even) without a second hoeing there will be a large harvest.&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Glossary'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Footnote'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Further Reading'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:농사직설]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Jeeeun</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://dh.aks.ac.kr/~classics/wiki/index.php?title=NJ2018_Cultivating_Proso_and_Foxtail_Millet&amp;diff=2811</id>
		<title>NJ2018 Cultivating Proso and Foxtail Millet</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://dh.aks.ac.kr/~classics/wiki/index.php?title=NJ2018_Cultivating_Proso_and_Foxtail_Millet&amp;diff=2811"/>
				<updated>2018-06-13T02:34:28Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Jeeeun: /* Korean Translation */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{NJ2018 TOC}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Original Script'''==&lt;br /&gt;
{|class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:70%&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;width:80%&amp;quot; | Text with Punctuation || style=&amp;quot;width:20%&amp;quot; | Text Image&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|種黍、粟&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【附占勿谷粟、靑梁粟、薥黍】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;:&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
三月霜氣頓無, &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【早黍、早粟三月上旬, 晩黍、晩粟三月中旬至四月上旬, 可種。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; 擇良田, &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【細沙、黑土相半者爲良。黍、粟性宜高燥, 不宜下濕。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt; 先用小豆稀疎播撒, 後耕之。&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt; 遂畝左右足踵交踏, 以水荏子與黍或粟, 相和&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【水荏子一分, 黍或粟三分。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;下種。 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【左右足交運, 已成覆土矣。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt; 及苗長, 間生雜草與科密處, 鋤而去之, 以土壅根。 鋤至三度, 勿以無草停鋤。&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt; 待禾成長, 兩畝間雜草茂盛, 用一牛網其口, 徐驅耕之, 勿致損禾。 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【畝間無穢, 土壅禾根。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt; 黍半熟卽刈, 粟待十分黃熟可刈。 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【黍熟易零, 遇風卽失收。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt; 田若塉薄, 用熟糞或尿灰, 種之。 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【每黍、粟二三升, 和熟糞或尿灰一石爲度。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
○ 粟又有晩種早熟, 如靑梁&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【鄕名生動粘】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;之類者。&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【鄕名占勿谷】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; 擇土厚久陳地, 種之。 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【芟除林木爲上, 久陣田次之, 麥根爲下。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; &amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;五月伐草, 待乾火之。 灰未冷時, &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【灰冷卽蜘蛛遍網地面, 種不至地。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; 撒擲粟種, 以鐵齒擺&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【鄕名手愁音】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;, 起土覆種粟, 鋤草省力, 所出倍常。&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【大抵治田之法, 秋耕過冬爲上, 粟田尤甚。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
○ 薥黍&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【鄕名唐黍】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;, 宜下濕, 不宜高燥。 二月早種, 鋤不至再而收多。&lt;br /&gt;
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=='''Korean Translation'''==&lt;br /&gt;
'''메기장,조 재배법'''{{원주|점물곡속, 청량속, 촉서(薥黍)를 덧붙임}}&lt;br /&gt;
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3월에 서리가 홀연히 사라지면{{원주|'''올기장''', '''올조'''는 '''3월 상순'''에, '''늦기장''', '''늦조'''는 '''3월 중순'''에서 '''4월 상순''' 사이에 파종할 수 있다.}}좋은 밭을 고른 후{{원주|고운 모래와 검은 흙이 절반씩 섞인 곳이 좋다. '''메기장'''과 '''조'''의 성질은 고지대에 건조한 곳이 적합하며, 저지대에 습기가 많은 곳은 적합하지 않다.}}우선 '''팥'''을 듬성듬성 뿌린 후 간다. '''이랑'''을 따라 왼발과 오른발 뒤꿈치로 교대로 밟으면서 '''수임자'''와 '''메기장''' 혹은 '''조'''를 잘 섞어{{원주|'''수임자''' 1'''푼'''에 '''메기장''' 혹은 '''조''' 3'''푼'''이다.}}파종한다.{{원주|왼발과 오른발을 교대로 움직이면 [종자는] 어느새 흙으로 덮여 있게 된다.}}모가 자라는 동안에, 모 사이에서 나오는 잡초와 모가 빽빽한 곳은 김을 매서 없애고 흙으로 뿌리를 돋워준다. 김매기는 3번 하는데, 잡초가 없다고 해서 김매기를 멈춰서는 안 된다. 이삭이 성장한 이후에는 두 '''이랑''' 사이에 잡초가 무성하면, 입을 '''그물망'''으로 감싼 소 1마리를 서서히 몰아 [고랑을] 갈면서 이삭을 망치지 않게 한다.{{원주|'''이랑''' 사이에 잡초가 없다면 흙으로 이삭 뿌리를 북돋워준다.}}'''메기장'''은 반쯤 익으면 곧바로 벤다. '''조'''는 누렇게 충분히 익은 다음에 베야 한다.{{원주|'''메기장'''은 익으면 쉽게 떨어지며, 바람을 맞으면 수확을 못하게 된다.}}밭이 만약 척박하다면, 잘 삭힌 '''거름''' 혹은 '''뇨회'''[와 섞어] 파종한다.{{원주|메기장․조 2~3'''되'''를 기준으로 잘 삭힌 '''거름''' 혹은 '''뇨회''' 1'''섬'''을 섞는다.}}&lt;br /&gt;
○'''조'''에는 또한 '''만종'''이 있는데, 일찍 익는 것이 '''''청량'''''{{원주|향명 ''생동점''}}등과 같다.{{원주|향명 점물곡}}흙이 두텁고 오래 묵은 땅을 골라 심는다.{{원주|수풀을 베어낸 곳이 가장 좋고, 오래 묵은 밭이 그 다음이고, '''맥근'''이 가장 나쁘다.}}5월에 잡초를 베어내고 [잡초가] 마른 후에 불을 지르는데, 재가 식기 전에{{원주|재가 식으면 거미가 땅에 거미줄을 넓게 쳐서 종자가 땅에 닿지 않게 된다.}}조 종자를 뿌리고, '''''철치파'''''{{원주|향명 ''수수음''}}로 흙을 일구어 종자를 덮으면, 김매는 힘은 줄어들고 소출은 보통 때의 두 배가 된다.{{원주|대체로 밭을 가꾸는 법은 가을에 갈아 겨울을 나는 것이 가장 상책인데, 조밭은 더욱 그러하다.}}'''간종'''한 '''조'''가 혹 비로 인해 줄기가 지나치게 무성해지면, 이삭만 나오고 여물지 않는다. 소에 '''구럭'''을 씌워 두 이랑 사이를 갈아 줄기 마디에 흙을 넣어주면, 다시 새 뿌리가 나며 이삭이 길게 패고 잘 여문다.&lt;br /&gt;
○ '''촉서'''{{원주|향명 ''당서''}}는 저지대에 습기가 많은 곳이 적합하며, 고지대에 건조한 곳은 적합하지 않다. 2월에 일찍 파종하면 두 번 김매지 않고도 많이 거두게 된다.&lt;br /&gt;
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=='''English Translation'''==&lt;br /&gt;
'''Cultivating Proso/Foxtail Millet {{Original Commentary|Including''Jeommulgoksok'', ''Cheongnyangsok'', and Sorghum}}'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If the frost disappears in the third (lunar) month {{Original Commentary|Early-sowing proso/foxtail millet should be sown in the first week&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;A lunar month has three weeks of 10 days each.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  of the third month. Late-sowing proso/foxtail millet should be sown between the second week of the third month and the first week of the fourth month}}, select a good field. {{Original Commentary|'''Fields mixed with half fine sand and half black dirt''' are good. '''High and dry areas''' are appropriate for the nature of proso/foxtail millet, and '''low and wet''' places are not.}} First, scatter '''red beans''' about the field. Then, plow.  &lt;br /&gt;
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Following the ridges, alternately step on and off with the left and right heels of one's feet. Sow a mix of '''wild sesame seeds''' with proso/foxtail millet {{Original Commentary|One part '''wild sesame seeds''', three parts pro so/foxtail millet}}. {{Original Commentary|By switching between left and right feet, the seeds will be covered with soil.}} &amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;This section is referring to the foot sowing method.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
When the seedlings grow, hoe and remove the weeds growing in between the seedlings. Where they are thick, cover up the roots with soil. Hoe three times, and do not stop hoeing just because there are no weeds. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
After the seedlings have grown, if the weeds grow thickly between the ridges, yoke an '''ox''' with its mouth covered with a '''mussle'''&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;To stop the ox from eating the plants&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;, and have it plow slowly, preventing the plants from being damaged. {{Original Commentary|If there are no weeds between the ridges, cover the roots of the plants with soil.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If the proso millet is half ripe, it should be cut immediately. For, foxtail millet, it is possible to wait until is fully yellow to cut it. {{Original Commentary|When proso millet is ripe, it falls easily, and if it comes into contact with wind, then the harvest will be lost.}} &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If the fields are barren, use '''aged manure''' or '''urinated ash''' (for mixing) and sow the seeds. {{Original Commentary|For every two or three '''''doe''''' of millet, mix one '''''seom''''' of '''aged manure''' or '''urinated ash'''.}} &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○ Proso/foxtail millet, as well, has a '''late-sowing quick-ripening variety''',  similar to '''''cheongnyang''''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is  ''saengdongjeom''}}.  {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''jeommulgok''.}}&lt;br /&gt;
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Choose soil that is thick, old, and well-used for planting. {{Original Commentary|Places '''without trees and grass''' are best, '''old and well-used''' fields are second best, and fields '''where barley has been grown (and the roots remain)''' are worst.}} &lt;br /&gt;
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In the fifth month, remove the weeds, waiting till they are dry to burn them. When the ashes are not yet cool {{Original Commentary|If the ashes cool, then spiders make a web all over the fields's surface, preventing the seeds from touching the soil}}, scatter the proso/foxtail millet seeds. Then, dig up the earth with a '''''cheolchipa''''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''susueum''}} and cover the seeds. This reduces the labor for hoeing and produces twice as much yield as normal. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Original Commentary|In general, regarding field cultivation methods, plowing in autumn (so the seeds) grow in winter is best, and this is all the more so for proso/foxtail millet fields.}} {{Original Commentary|If the stalks of intercropped proso/foxtail millet grow too thick due to rain, only the leaves will sprout and the grain will not mature. Yoke an ox with its mouth covered with a mussle, and plow in between two ridges, putting soil in between the joints of the proso/foxtail millet stalks. This will grow new roots and leaves that will grow long and mature into grain.}} &lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
○ '''Sorghum''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''dangseo''}} is appropriate for '''low and wet areas''', and inappropriate for '''high and dry areas'''. If sowed early in the second month, (even) without a second hoeing there will be a large harvest.&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;references group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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=='''Glossary'''==&lt;br /&gt;
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=='''Footnote'''==&lt;br /&gt;
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=='''Further Reading'''==&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Category:농사직설]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Jeeeun</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://dh.aks.ac.kr/~classics/wiki/index.php?title=NJ2018_Cultivating_Rice&amp;diff=2810</id>
		<title>NJ2018 Cultivating Rice</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://dh.aks.ac.kr/~classics/wiki/index.php?title=NJ2018_Cultivating_Rice&amp;diff=2810"/>
				<updated>2018-06-13T02:32:40Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Jeeeun: /* Korean Translation */&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;div&gt;{{NJ2018 TOC}}&lt;br /&gt;
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=='''Original Script'''==&lt;br /&gt;
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|種稻 {{원주|附 旱稻}}&lt;br /&gt;
稻種有早有晩。 耕種法有水耕【鄕名: 水沙彌】有乾耕【鄕名: 乾沙彌】, 又有揷種【鄕名: 苗種】。 除草之法, 則大抵皆同。&lt;br /&gt;
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○早稻:&lt;br /&gt;
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秋收後, 擇連水源肥膏水田,【凡水田, 上可以引水, 下可以決去。 旱則灌之, 雨則洩之者, 爲上。 洿下渟水處, 次之, 然久雨泥渾, 則苗腐。 高處須雨而耕者, 斯爲下矣。】 耕之。&lt;br /&gt;
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冬月入糞。【正月氷解, 耕之入糞。或入新土亦得。】&lt;br /&gt;
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二月上旬又耕之。 以木斫【鄕名: 所訖羅】縱橫摩平, 復以鐵齒擺【鄕名: 手愁音】打破土塊令熟。&lt;br /&gt;
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先以稻種漬水, 經三日漉出, 納蒿篅中【鄕名: 空石】, 置溫處。 頻頻開視, 勿致鬱浥。&lt;br /&gt;
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芽長二分, 均撒水田中, 以板撈【鄕名: 翻地】或把撈【鄕名: 推介】覆種。 灌水驅鳥。【以苗生爲限】&lt;br /&gt;
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苗生二葉, 則去水, 以手耘。【苗弱, 不可用鋤。 然水渴土强, 則當用鋤。】&lt;br /&gt;
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去苗間細草, 訖又灌水。【每去水而耘, 耘訖灌之。 苗弱時宜淺, 苗强時宜深。】&lt;br /&gt;
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如川水連通, 雖旱不渴處, 則每耘訖決去水, 曝根二日, 後還灌水。【耐風與旱】&lt;br /&gt;
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苗長半尺許, 又耘以鋤。【苗强, 可以用鋤。】&lt;br /&gt;
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耘時, 以手挼軟苗間土面。 耘至三四度,【禾穀成長, 唯賴鋤功。 且旱稻性速, 不可小緩。】 將熟去水。【有水, 則熟遲。】&lt;br /&gt;
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早稻善零, 隨熟隨刈。&lt;br /&gt;
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=='''Korean Translation'''==&lt;br /&gt;
'''벼 심고 키우기 {{원주|한도를 덧붙임}}'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
벼의 품종으로는 일찍 파종하는 '''올벼'''가 있고 늦게 파종하는 '''늦벼'''가 있다. 재배법으로는 '''수경법'''{{원주|향명 ''수사미''}}이 있고, '''건경법'''{{원주|향명 ''건사미''}}이 있고, 또한 '''삽종법'''{{원주|향명 묘종}}이 있다.{{원주|제초하는 방법은 대개 동일하다.}}&lt;br /&gt;
○ 올벼는 [재배하려면] 가을에 수확한 후에, 수원과 이어져 있는 비옥한 논{{원주|무릇 논은 위쪽에서는 물을 끌어올 수 있어야 하고, 아래쪽에서는 물을 빼낼 수 있어야 한다. 가물면 물을 대고, 비가 오면 물을 빼내는 논이 가장 좋다. 웅덩이에 물이 고이는 논이 그 다음이다. 그런데 오랜 비에 [논이] 진흙뻘이 되면 모가 썩는다. 높은 곳에 위치하면서 비만 기다려 농사짓는 논, 이것은 가장 나쁘다.}}을 골라서 간다. &lt;br /&gt;
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겨울철에 거름을 투입하고{{원주|정월에 얼음이 녹을 때 갈이를 하고 거름을 투입하거나 혹은 새로운 흙을 투입하는 것도 나쁘지는 않다.}}2월 상순에 다시 한 번 더 갈이를 한다. '''''목작'''''{{원주|향명 ''소흘라''}}로 [논을] 종횡으로 갈아 평평하게 만든 후, 다시 '''''철치파'''''{{원주|향명 ''수수음''}}로 흙덩이를 깨뜨려 부드럽게 만든다. &lt;br /&gt;
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파종에 앞서 '''볍씨'''를 물에 담가 3일이 지난 후에 건져 내어 '''''호천'''''{{원주|향명 ''빈섬''}}에 담아 따뜻한 곳에 보관하여 둔다. &lt;br /&gt;
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자주 열어 보아 [벼 종자가] 눅눅해지지 않도록 한다. &lt;br /&gt;
싹의 길이가 2'''푼'''(약 0.4cm) 쯤 자라면 논에다가 골고루 뿌리고 '''''판로'''''{{원주|향명 ''번지''}}혹은 '''''파로'''''로{{원주|향명 ''밀개''}}씨를 덮어주고 난 뒤에 물을 공급하고 [묘가 자랄 동안에 한해서] 새들이 접근하지 못하도록 한다.&lt;br /&gt;
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모에서 잎이 두 개가 나오면 물을 뺀다. 손으로 김을 매면서{{원주|모가 어리고 약하기 때문에 철로 된 ''호미''를 사용할 수 없지만 물이 말라 흙이 굳어진 상태에서는 마땅히 ''호미''를 써야 한다.}}모와 모 사이의 가느다란 잡초를 뽑고 다시 물을 투입한다. {{원주|매번 물을 빼고 김을 매고 다시 물을 공급하는데 묘가 약할 때에는 물을 얕게, 강할 때에는 깊게 공급한다.}}개천과 같이 물을 연속적으로 공급할 수 있어서 가뭄이 들어도 물이 마르지 않는 곳은 김을 맨 후에 물을 빼고 뿌리까지 햇볕을 쬘 수 있도록 하고 2일 후에 다시 물을 관개한다. {{원주|바람과 가뭄에 강하게 견디어 낼 수 있도록 하기 위함이다.}}&lt;br /&gt;
모의 길이가 반 '''자'''쯤 될 정도로 자라면 또 김을 매는데 '''''호미'''''를 가지고 한다.{{원주|모가 이미 강해져서 호미를 사용해도 되기 때문이다.}}김을 맬 때는 모 사이의 흙을 손으로 만져서 부드럽게 만들고, 김매기는 3~4번 하며 [벼의 성장은] 오직 김매기에 달려 있다.&lt;br /&gt;
게다가 올벼의 성질은 빨리 자라므로 [김매기를] 조금이라도 늦춰서는 안 된다. [벼가] 익을 무렵이 되면 물을 뺀다.{{원주|물이 있으면 [벼가] 익는 게 지체된다.}}벼는 잘 떨어지므로 익는 즉시 벤다.&lt;br /&gt;
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○'''늦벼'''의 '''수경'''&lt;br /&gt;
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'''정월'''에 얼음이 녹을 때 간다. '''거름'''을 넣거나 흙을 넣는 것은 '''올벼''' 재배법과 동일하다. {{원주|올해 흙을 넣었다면 내년에는 거름을 넣거나 잡초를 넣는 방식으로 교대한다.}}흙이 진흙투성이거나 푸석푸석하거나 찬물 기운이 있다면 완전히 새 흙이나 '''사토'''를 채워 넣는다. [토질이] 척박하다면 소똥, 말똥 및 가지에 달린 '''갈잎'''{{원주|향명 ''가을초''}}을 깔아주는데, '''인분''', '''누에똥잠사'''도 좋다.{{원주|다만 많이 구하는 것이 어렵다.}}'''3월 상순'''에서 '''''망종''''' 사이에 다시 간다. {{원주|대체로 망종보다 늦게 갈고 파종하면 [수확이] 부실하다.}}종자 담그기, 파종하기, 종자 덮기, 물대기, 김매기 방법은 모두 '''올벼''' 재배법과 동일하다.{{원주|'''6월 보름''' 이전에 3번 김매는 것이 가장 좋다. 6월 이내에 3번 김매는 것이 그 다음이다. 여기에도 미치지 못하는 것은 가장 나쁘다.}}&lt;br /&gt;
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○ 봄철에 가뭄이 들면 '''수경'''을 할 것이 아니라, '''건경'''을 해야 한다.{{원주|이 경우에는 오직 '''늦벼'''만 심는다.}}그 방법으로는 [먼저 논을] 간 다음 '''''뇌목'''''{{원주|향명 ''고음파''}}으로 흙덩이를 깨뜨리고, 다시 '''''목작'''''{{원주|향명 ''소흘라''}}으로 [논을] 종횡으로 갈아 평평하게 고른다. '''숙치''' 후, 볍씨 1'''''말'''''에 잘 삭힌 '''거름''' 혹은 '''요회'''를 섞고,{{원주|요회 만드는 법: 외양간 바깥에 웅덩이를 만들어 오줌을 저장한다. '''볏짚''', '''겨''', '''쭉정이''' 따위를 태워 만든 재를 웅덩이에 저장한 오줌과 잘 섞는다.}}'''''족종''''' 방식&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;역주&amp;quot;&amp;gt;왼발 뒤꿈치로 흙을 밟아 누르면서 종자를 뿌리고, 오른발로 흙을 덮어 주는 파종 방식. &amp;quot;[http://encysillok.aks.ac.kr/Contents/index?Contents_id=00000273 건경]&amp;quot;, 『조선왕조실록사전』, 한국학중앙연구원.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;으로 파종한다. [파종한 다음에는] 새를 쫓는다.{{원주|모가 자랄 때까지 한다.}}모가 클 때까지는 물을 대서는 안 된다. 잡초가 자라는 경우에는 가물고 모가 마른 상태이더라도 김매기를 쉬어서는 안 된다.{{원주|옛말에 '호미 머리에 이삭 백 줄기가 달려있다'고 했고, 늙은 농부들도 말하기를 '모는 사람의 공을 알아준다'고 했다.}}&lt;br /&gt;
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○'''묘종법'''&lt;br /&gt;
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'''모내기'''로 재배하는 방법은 물이 있는 논을 갈되 비록 가물어도 마르지 않는 곳이어야 한다. '''2월 하순'''부터 '''3월 상순'''까지 사이에 갈 수 있으며 논마다 10분의 1은 모를 기르고 나머지 10분의 9는 모를 심도록 헤아린다.{{원주|모를 뽑고 나면 못자리에도 아울러 모를 심는다.}}&lt;br /&gt;
먼저 못자리로 할 곳을 갈아 방법대로 잘 다스리고 물을 뺀 다음 '''연한 버들가지'''를 잘게 썰어서 두껍게 편 다음 발로 밟아 넣고 흙을 볕에 쪼여 말린 후에 물을 댄다. 우선 '''볍씨'''를 3일 동안 담갔다가 걸러내서 '''''호천'''''{{원주|향명 ''빈섬''}}에 넣고, 하루 뒤에 파종한 다음 '''''판로'''''{{원주|향명 ''번지''}}로 볍씨를 덮는다. &lt;br /&gt;
모가 한 줌 이상 자라서 옮겨 심을 수 있게 되면, 먼저 모를 심을 곳을 간 다음에 '''갈잎'''{{원주|향명 ''가을초''}}이나 '''소똥․말똥'''을 깐다. 모를 옮겨 심을 무렵에 다시 농법대로 갈되 흙이 아주 부드럽게 되도록 잘 간다. [옮겨 심는] 1'''''과''''' 당 4~5모가 넘지 않도록 하고, 흙에 착근되지 못했을 경우에는 너무 깊게 물을 대서는 안 된다.{{원주|이 방법은 제초에는 편리하지만, 만의 하나 크게 가물면 실수하게 되니, 농가의 위기이다.}}&lt;br /&gt;
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'''메벼 재배법'''&lt;br /&gt;
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벼의 품종은 아주 많지만 대체로 모두 동일하다. 하지만 특별한 품종이 있으니 '''''한도'''''{{원주|향명 ''메벼''}}라고 부른다. &lt;br /&gt;
높은 지대의 토지나 찬물 기운이 있는 토지에도 두루 적합하다. 하지만 토지가 너무 건조하면 자라지 않는다. &lt;br /&gt;
'''2 월 상순'''에 갈고, 다시 '''3 월 상순'''에서 '''중순''' 사이에 갈아서 '''이랑'''을 만든다. &lt;br /&gt;
'''발로 밟으면서 파종'''한 후에는 '''이랑''' 등을 밟아 단단하게 만든다. 김을 맬 때는 모 사이의 흙을 제거하여 흙으로 [모를] 덮지 않도록 한다.만약 척박하다면 [볍씨를] 잘 삭힌 '''거름''' 혹은 '''뇨회'''와 섞어 심는다.&lt;br /&gt;
또는 '''''한도''''' 2 '''푼'''․'''찰기장''' 2 '''푼'''․'''팥''' 1 '''푼'''을 섞어서 심는다.{{원주|대체로 여러 종자를 섞어서 심는 방식은 해에 따라 홍수․가뭄이 있고 '''9곡'''도 해에 따라 적합한 것이 다르므로, 혼합하여 심게 되면 농사를 완전히 망치지는 않게 되기 때문이다.}}&lt;br /&gt;
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=='''English Translation'''==&lt;br /&gt;
'''Cultivating Rice {{Original Commentary|Including Upland Rice}}'''&lt;br /&gt;
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There are '''early-sowing varieties''' and '''late-sowing varieties'''. As for cultivation and sowing methods, there are '''wet farming''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''musalmi''}}, '''dry farming''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''mareunsami''}}, and '''transplanting seedlings''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''myojong''}}. The weeding method is generally the same for all varieties. &lt;br /&gt;
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○ For the '''early-sowing variety''', after the autumn harvest, choose the most fertile '''wet fields''' with an accessible source of water {{Original Commentary|In general, '''terraced paddy field'''s should be irrigated from above and drained below. The best (fields) are those that can be irrigated during droughts and drained during the rain. The second (best) are those where still water collects on the '''low ground'''. However, long rains may make the water sludgy and turbid, causing the seedlings to rot. The worst are those on '''high ground''' where farming is only possible when it rains.}} and plow them. &lt;br /&gt;
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In the winter months, apply '''manure''' (onto the fields). {{Original Commentary|When the (spring) thaw occurs in the first (lunar) month, plow the fields and apply '''manure''', or alternatively, bring in new soil.}} Then, plow again in the first week&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;A lunar month has three weeks of 10 days each.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; of the second month. With a '''''mokchak''''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''soheulla''}}, harrow the soil lengthwise and breadthwise. Then again, with a '''''cheolchipa''''' {{Original Commentary|commonly called ''susueum''}}, break up the clods of soil to make it '''ready''' (for planting).&lt;br /&gt;
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Before sowing the seeds, soak them in water.  After three days, take them out to drain, put them inside a '''''hocheon''''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''binseom'' or ''gongseom''}}, and store in a '''warm place'''. Frequently open (the ''hocheon'')] and check (the seeds), making sure they do not become damp and smelly. &lt;br /&gt;
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When the sprouts become two '''''bun''''' &amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Two ''bun'' is approx. 0.4 cm&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; long, place them evenly in the '''paddies''' and cover the them (with soil) using a '''''pallo''''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''beonji''}} or a '''''paro''''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''chugae'' or ''milgae''.}} Then, irrigate the fields and keep the birds out (until the seedlings grow). &lt;br /&gt;
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When the seedlings sprout two leaves, drain the water (from the paddy). After completely removing by hand (the tiny weeds) {{Original Commentary|The seedlings are fragile so a '''''homi''''' cannot be used. However, if the water evaporates and the soil firms up, a ''homi'' should be used.}} between the seedlings, irrigate again. {{Original Commentary|Drain the water each time before weeding. Once weeding is complete, irrigate it. While the seedlings are still young and fragile, irrigate lightly, and when the seedlings are mature and strong, irrigate heavily.}} If the field has a constant source of water such as a stream, so that it does not dry out even in drought, then every time weeding is completed, drain the water, and expose the base (of the plant) to the sunlight. After two days, restart irrigation {{Original Commentary|so (the plants) withstand wind and drought}}. &lt;br /&gt;
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When the seedlings grow to about half a '''''cheok'''''&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Half a ''cheok'' is approx. 10 cm&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;, weed again with a '''''homi''''' {{Original Commentary|The seedlings are firmly rooted, so using a ''homi'' is allowed.}} When weeding, use your hands to gently rub the soil surface between the seedlings. Weed up to three or four times. {{Original Commentary|The growth of the plants depends solely on weeding. Moreover, the '''early-sowing variety''' grows quickly by nature, so the slightest delay in weeding is not allowed.}} When the plant is about to ripen, drain the water. {{Original Commentary|If the water remains, it delays the ripening.}} &lt;br /&gt;
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The grain of '''early-sowing varieties''' is prone to drop (from the ear), so harvest it as soon as it is ripe.&lt;br /&gt;
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○ For '''wet farming''' of '''late-sowing varieties''': &lt;br /&gt;
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Plow the fields when the (spring) thaw occurs in the '''first (lunar) month'''. &lt;br /&gt;
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As for applying manure and bringing in new soil, follow the same method prescribed for the '''early-sowing varieties'''. {{Original Commentary|If new soil is brought in this year, then apply '''manure''' or spread '''weeds''' the following year, and alternate them.}} If the soil is muddy or crumbly, or the subsoil water is cold, then bring in new soil or sod. If the soil is infertile and barren, then spread '''cattle and horse manure''' and '''oak stems with leaves''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is  ''gaeulcho''.}}. '''Night soil''' and '''silkworm droppings''' are also good. {{Original Commentary|But they are difficult to procure in large amounts.}} &lt;br /&gt;
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During the period between the '''first week&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;A lunar month has three weeks of 10 days each.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; of the third month''' and  '''''Grain in Ear'''''&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Grain in Ear,&amp;quot; or ''Mangjong'',  refers to a solar term which usually falls at the beginning of the fifth lunar month.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;, plow the fields again (and sow the seeds). {{Original Commentary|In general, plowing and sowing after ''Grain in Ear'' brings poor harvest.}} &lt;br /&gt;
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Soaking seeds, sowing seeds, covering seeds, irrigating water, and weeding methods are all the same as for '''early-sowing varieties'''. {{Original Commentary|Weeding three times by the '''middle of the sixth month''' is best. Weeding three times by the (end of) the sixth month is the second best. Not doing even this amount of weeding is the worst.}}&lt;br /&gt;
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○ If a drought occurs in spring, (thus making) it impossible to practice '''wet farming''', one should practice '''dry farming'''. {{Original Commentary|(In this case), sow only the '''late-sowing varieties'''.}} &lt;br /&gt;
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The method is as follows: &lt;br /&gt;
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After plowing, break the clods with '''''noemok''''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''goeumpa''}}, and harrow the fields with a '''''mokjak'''''. {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''soheulla''.}}&lt;br /&gt;
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After preparing the soil in this way, mix one '''''mal''''' &amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;One ''mal is approx. 18 liters&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; of rice with one '''''seom''''' &amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;One ''seom'' is approx. 180 liters&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; of '''aged manure''' or a '''mixture of urine and ash'''. &lt;br /&gt;
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{{Original Commentary|'''Urine and ash fertilizer''' making method: Dig a small '''pool''' outside the '''cow stable''' to store '''urine'''. Burn '''stalks''', '''bran''', '''chaff''' and the like into ashes, and mix it with the urine from the '''pool''')}} &lt;br /&gt;
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Plant (the seeds) using the '''foot sowing''' method.&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;In the &amp;quot;foot sowing&amp;quot; method, a farmer leaves a depressed hole in the soil, using his/her left heel, to throw a seed into the hole. Then, with right foot, dirt is thrown back into the hole to cover the seed.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; (After sowing,) (continue to) keep the birds away {{Original Commentary|until the seedlings start to grow}}. Do not irrigate the field until the seedlings grow enough. &lt;br /&gt;
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If weeds grow, do not cease weeding (with a ''homi''), even if there is a drought and the seedlings wither. {{Original Commentary|There is an old saying that &amp;quot;A hundred rice plants depend on the head of a ''homi''.&amp;quot; Old farmers also said, &amp;quot;Seedlings appreciate a man's efforts (at weeding).&amp;quot;}}&lt;br /&gt;
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○ Transplanting Method&lt;br /&gt;
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Select '''wet fields''' where the seedlings will not become dry, even in the case of a drought. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Plowing should be done between the last week&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;A lunar month has three weeks of 10 days each.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; of the second (lunar) month and the first week of the third month. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Each '''paddy field''' is divided into ten parts: One part is for raising the seedlings and the other nine parts are for (transplanting) the seedlings. {{Original Commentary|When the seedlings have completely been picked (and transplanted into the other nine parts), also transplant them into the part where the seedlings were raised.}} &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
First, plow the section where the seedlings will be grown according to the plowing method (mentioned previously), make the soil soft and levelled, and drain the water. Chop the soft ends of '''willow branches'''. Spread them thickly all over the fields and then stamp them underfoot. Let the soil dry completely under the sun and (then) irrigate the field. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
First, soak the seeds for three days. Then, put them in a '''''hocheon''''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''binseom''}} to drain. After one day, plant the seeds in the soil and cover them (with soil) using a  '''''panno'''''. {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''beonji''.) &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
When the seedlings have grown taller than the height of one's fist, they are able to be transplanted, First, plow the place where the seedlings will be transplanted. Then, spread the '''oak branches with leaves''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''gaeulcho''}} or '''cow or horse manure'''. When it is time to transplant the seedlings, plow again according to the method (mentioned previously) to make the soil loose and level, making it extremely '''soft'''. Plant four or five seedlings for each transplantation. Since they have not yet taken root, do not irrigate them deeply. {{Original Commentary|This method is convenient for weeding, in case of severe drought the crops will be lost, which is a matter of risk for the farm.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○ Upland Rice Method&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Though there are many varieties of rice, in general they are all alike. (However,) there is a special variety called '''''hando'''''. {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''mebyeo''.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Highlands and locations with sources of cold water are all appropriate (for this variety). However, if the soil is too dry, then this variety cannot grow. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Plow the soil in the first week&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;A lunar month has three weeks of 10 days each.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; of the second (lunar) month, then plow again between the first and second week of the third month. Then, make ridges.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
After finishing sowing by using the '''foot sowing''' method, stamp down the ridges, making them hard. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
When weeding, remove the soil around the sprouts to prevent them from being covered by soil. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If the soil is barren, mix (the seeds) with '''aged manure''' or '''ash and urine fertilizer''' and sow them. Alternatively, mix two parts '''''hando''''' seeds with two parts '''barnyard grass''' seeds and one part '''red beans''' and sow them. In general, this technique of mixing seeds and sowing them is (to prevent the loss of crops even in) years of flood or drought. As which of the '''nine grains''' will be appropriate for the following year's (weather conditions) differs, mixing seeds and sowing them helps prevent a total loss.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Glossary'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Footnote'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Further Reading'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:농사직설]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Jeeeun</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://dh.aks.ac.kr/~classics/wiki/index.php?title=NJ2018_Cultivating_Rice&amp;diff=2805</id>
		<title>NJ2018 Cultivating Rice</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://dh.aks.ac.kr/~classics/wiki/index.php?title=NJ2018_Cultivating_Rice&amp;diff=2805"/>
				<updated>2018-06-13T02:21:20Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Jeeeun: /* Korean Translation */&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;div&gt;{{NJ2018 TOC}}&lt;br /&gt;
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=='''Original Script'''==&lt;br /&gt;
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|種稻 {{원주|附 旱稻}}&lt;br /&gt;
稻種有早有晩。 耕種法有水耕【鄕名: 水沙彌】有乾耕【鄕名: 乾沙彌】, 又有揷種【鄕名: 苗種】。 除草之法, 則大抵皆同。&lt;br /&gt;
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○早稻:&lt;br /&gt;
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秋收後, 擇連水源肥膏水田,【凡水田, 上可以引水, 下可以決去。 旱則灌之, 雨則洩之者, 爲上。 洿下渟水處, 次之, 然久雨泥渾, 則苗腐。 高處須雨而耕者, 斯爲下矣。】 耕之。&lt;br /&gt;
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冬月入糞。【正月氷解, 耕之入糞。或入新土亦得。】&lt;br /&gt;
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二月上旬又耕之。 以木斫【鄕名: 所訖羅】縱橫摩平, 復以鐵齒擺【鄕名: 手愁音】打破土塊令熟。&lt;br /&gt;
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先以稻種漬水, 經三日漉出, 納蒿篅中【鄕名: 空石】, 置溫處。 頻頻開視, 勿致鬱浥。&lt;br /&gt;
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芽長二分, 均撒水田中, 以板撈【鄕名: 翻地】或把撈【鄕名: 推介】覆種。 灌水驅鳥。【以苗生爲限】&lt;br /&gt;
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苗生二葉, 則去水, 以手耘。【苗弱, 不可用鋤。 然水渴土强, 則當用鋤。】&lt;br /&gt;
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去苗間細草, 訖又灌水。【每去水而耘, 耘訖灌之。 苗弱時宜淺, 苗强時宜深。】&lt;br /&gt;
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如川水連通, 雖旱不渴處, 則每耘訖決去水, 曝根二日, 後還灌水。【耐風與旱】&lt;br /&gt;
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苗長半尺許, 又耘以鋤。【苗强, 可以用鋤。】&lt;br /&gt;
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耘時, 以手挼軟苗間土面。 耘至三四度,【禾穀成長, 唯賴鋤功。 且旱稻性速, 不可小緩。】 將熟去水。【有水, 則熟遲。】&lt;br /&gt;
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早稻善零, 隨熟隨刈。&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;td align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href=&amp;quot;http://digerati.aks.ac.kr/DhLab/2018/103/jpg/page-06-1.jpg&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;img src=&amp;quot;http://digerati.aks.ac.kr/DhLab/2018/103/thumb/page-06-1_xs.jpg&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;06&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/td&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;td align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href=&amp;quot;http://digerati.aks.ac.kr/DhLab/2018/103/jpg/page-07-1.jpg&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;img src=&amp;quot;http://digerati.aks.ac.kr/DhLab/2018/103/thumb/page-07-1_xs.jpg&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;07&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/td&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;td align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href=&amp;quot;http://digerati.aks.ac.kr/DhLab/2018/103/jpg/page-08-1.jpg&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;img src=&amp;quot;http://digerati.aks.ac.kr/DhLab/2018/103/thumb/page-08-1_xs.jpg&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;08&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/td&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Korean Translation'''==&lt;br /&gt;
'''벼 심고 키우기 {{원주|한도를 덧붙임}}'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
벼의 품종으로는 일찍 파종하는 '''올벼'''가 있고 늦게 파종하는 '''늦벼'''가 있다. 재배법으로는 '''수경법'''{{원주|향명 ''수사미''}}이 있고, '''건경법'''{{원주|향명 ''건사미''}}이 있고, 또한 '''삽종법'''{{원주|향명 묘종}}이 있다.{{원주|제초하는 방법은 대개 동일하다.}}&lt;br /&gt;
○ 올벼는 [재배하려면] 가을에 수확한 후에, 수원과 이어져 있는 비옥한 논{{원주|무릇 논은 위쪽에서는 물을 끌어올 수 있어야 하고, 아래쪽에서는 물을 빼낼 수 있어야 한다. 가물면 물을 대고, 비가 오면 물을 빼내는 논이 가장 좋다. 웅덩이에 물이 고이는 논이 그 다음이다. 그런데 오랜 비에 [논이] 진흙뻘이 되면 모가 썩는다. 높은 곳에 위치하면서 비만 기다려 농사짓는 논, 이것은 가장 나쁘다.}}을 골라서 간다. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
겨울철에 거름을 투입하고{{원주|정월에 얼음이 녹을 때 갈이를 하고 거름을 투입하거나 혹은 새로운 흙을 투입하는 것도 나쁘지는 않다.}}2월 상순에 다시 한 번 더 갈이를 한다. '''''목작'''''{{원주|향명 ''소흘라''}}로 [논을] 종횡으로 갈아 평평하게 만든 후, 다시 '''''철치파'''''{{원주|향명 ''수수음''}}로 흙덩이를 깨뜨려 부드럽게 만든다. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
파종에 앞서 '''볍씨'''를 물에 담가 3일이 지난 후에 건져 내어 '''''호천'''''{{원주|향명 ''빈섬''}}에 담아 따뜻한 곳에 보관하여 둔다. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
자주 열어 보아 [벼 종자가] 눅눅해지지 않도록 한다. &lt;br /&gt;
싹의 길이가 2'''푼'''(약 0.4cm) 쯤 자라면 논에다가 골고루 뿌리고 '''''판로'''''{{원주|향명 ''번지''}}혹은 '''''파로'''''로{{원주|향명 ''밀개''}}씨를 덮어주고 난 뒤에 물을 공급하고 [묘가 자랄 동안에 한해서] 새들이 접근하지 못하도록 한다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
모에서 잎이 두 개가 나오면 물을 뺀다. 손으로 김을 매면서{{원주|모가 어리고 약하기 때문에 철로 된 ''호미''를 사용할 수 없지만 물이 말라 흙이 굳어진 상태에서는 마땅히 ''호미''를 써야 한다.}}모와 모 사이의 가느다란 잡초를 뽑고 다시 물을 투입한다. {{원주|매번 물을 빼고 김을 매고 다시 물을 공급하는데 묘가 약할 때에는 물을 얕게, 강할 때에는 깊게 공급한다.}}개천과 같이 물을 연속적으로 공급할 수 있어서 가뭄이 들어도 물이 마르지 않는 곳은 김을 맨 후에 물을 빼고 뿌리까지 햇볕을 쬘 수 있도록 하고 2일 후에 다시 물을 관개한다. {{원주|바람과 가뭄에 강하게 견디어 낼 수 있도록 하기 위함이다.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
모의 길이가 반 '''자'''쯤 될 정도로 자라면 또 김을 매는데 '''''호미'''''를 가지고 한다.{{원주|모가 이미 강해져서 호미를 사용해도 되기 때문이다.}}김을 맬 때는 모 사이의 흙을 손으로 만져서 부드럽게 만들고, 김매기는 3~4번 하며 [벼의 성장은] 오직 김매기에 달려 있다.&lt;br /&gt;
게다가 올벼의 성질은 빨리 자라므로 [김매기를] 조금이라도 늦춰서는 안 된다. [벼가] 익을 무렵이 되면 물을 뺀다.{{원주|물이 있으면 [벼가] 익는 게 지체된다.}}벼는 잘 떨어지므로 익는 즉시 벤다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○'''늦벼'''의 '''수경'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''정월'''에 얼음이 녹을 때 간다. '''거름'''을 넣거나 흙을 넣는 것은 '''올벼''' 재배법과 동일하다. {{원주|올해 흙을 넣었다면 내년에는 거름을 넣거나 잡초를 넣는 방식으로 교대한다.}}흙이 진흙투성이거나 푸석푸석하거나 찬물 기운이 있다면 완전히 새 흙이나 '''사토'''를 채워 넣는다. [토질이] 척박하다면 소똥, 말똥 및 가지에 달린 '''갈잎'''{{원주|향명 ''가을초''}}을 깔아주는데, '''인분''', '''누에똥잠사'''도 좋다.{{원주|다만 많이 구하는 것이 어렵다.}}'''3월 상순'''에서 '''''망종''''' 사이에 다시 간다. {{원주|대체로 망종보다 늦게 갈고 파종하면 [수확이] 부실하다.}}종자 담그기, 파종하기, 종자 덮기, 물대기, 김매기 방법은 모두 '''올벼''' 재배법과 동일하다.{{원주|'''6월 보름''' 이전에 3번 김매는 것이 가장 좋다. 6월 이내에 3번 김매는 것이 그 다음이다. 여기에도 미치지 못하는 것은 가장 나쁘다.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○ 봄철에 가뭄이 들면 '''수경'''을 할 것이 아니라, '''건경'''을 해야 한다.{{원주|이 경우에는 오직 '''늦벼'''만 심는다.}}그 방법으로는 [먼저 논을] 간 다음 '''''뇌목'''''{{원주|향명 ''고음파''}}으로 흙덩이를 깨뜨리고, 다시 '''''목작'''''{{원주|향명 ''소흘라''}}으로 [논을] 종횡으로 갈아 평평하게 고른다. '''숙치''' 후, 볍씨 1'''''말'''''에 잘 삭힌 '''거름''' 혹은 '''요회'''를 섞고,{{원주|요회 만드는 법: 외양간 바깥에 웅덩이를 만들어 오줌을 저장한다. '''볏짚''', '''겨''', '''쭉정이''' 따위를 태워 만든 재를 웅덩이에 저장한 오줌과 잘 섞는다.}}'''''족종''''' 방식&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;역주&amp;quot;&amp;gt;왼발 뒤꿈치로 흙을 밟아 누르면서 종자를 뿌리고, 오른발로 흙을 덮어 주는 파종 방식. &amp;quot;[http://encysillok.aks.ac.kr/Contents/index?Contents_id=00000273 건경]&amp;quot;, 『조선왕조실록사전』, 한국학중앙연구원.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;으로 파종한다. [파종한 다음에는] 새를 쫓는다.{{원주|모가 자랄 때까지 한다.}}모가 클 때까지는 물을 대서는 안 된다. 잡초가 자라는 경우에는 가물고 모가 마른 상태이더라도 김매기를 쉬어서는 안 된다.{{원주|옛말에 '호미 머리에 이삭 백 줄기가 달려있다'고 했고, 늙은 농부들도 말하기를 '모는 사람의 공을 알아준다'고 했다.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○'''묘종법'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''모내기'''로 재배하는 방법은 물이 있는 논을 갈되 비록 가물어도 마르지 않는 곳이어야 한다. '''2월 하순'''부터 '''3월 상순'''까지 사이에 갈 수 있으며 논마다 10분의 1은 모를 기르고 나머지 10분의 9는 모를 심도록 헤아린다.{{원주|모를 뽑고 나면 못자리에도 아울러 모를 심는다.}}먼저 못자리로 할 곳을 갈아 방법대로 잘 다스리고 물을 뺀 다음 '''연한 버들가지'''를 잘게 썰어서 두껍게 편 다음 발로 밟아 넣고 흙을 볕에 쪼여 말린 후에 물을 댄다. 우선 '''볍씨'''를 3일 동안 담갔다가 걸러내서 '''''호천'''''{{원주|향명 ''빈섬''}}에 넣고, 하루 뒤에 파종한 다음 '''''판로'''''{{원주|향명 ''번지''}}로 볍씨를 덮는다. 모가 한 줌 이상 자라서 옮겨 심을 수 있게 되면, 먼저 모를 심을 곳을 간 다음에 '''갈잎'''{{원주|향명 가을초}}이나 '''소똥․말똥'''을 깐다. 모를 옮겨 심을 무렵에 다시 농법대로 갈되 흙이 아주 부드럽게 되도록 잘 간다. [옮겨 심는] 1'''''과''''' 당 4~5모가 넘지 않도록 하고, 흙에 착근되지 못했을 경우에는 너무 깊게 물을 대서는 안 된다.{{원주|이 방법은 제초에는 편리하지만, 만의 하나 크게 가물면 실수하게 되니, 농가의 위기이다.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''메벼 재배법'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
벼의 품종은 아주 많지만 대체로 모두 동일하다. 하지만 특별한 품종이 있으니 '''''한도'''''{{원주|향명 ''메벼''}}라고 부른다. 높은 지대의 토지나 찬물 기운이 있는 토지에도 두루 적합하다. 하지만 토지가 너무 건조하면 자라지 않는다. '''2 월 상순'''에 갈고, 다시 '''3 월 상순'''에서 '''중순''' 사이에 갈아서 '''이랑'''을 만든다. '''발로 밟으면서 파종'''한 후에는 '''이랑''' 등을 밟아 단단하게 만든다. 김을 맬 때는 모 사이의 흙을 제거하여 흙으로 [모를] 덮지 않도록 한다.만약 척박하다면 [볍씨를] 잘 삭힌 '''거름''' 혹은 '''뇨회'''와 섞어 심는다.&lt;br /&gt;
또는 '''''한도''''' 2 '''푼'''․'''찰기장''' 2 '''푼'''․'''팥''' 1 '''푼'''을 섞어서 심는다.{{원주|대체로 여러 종자를 섞어서 심는 방식은 해에 따라 홍수․가뭄이 있고 '''9곡'''도 해에 따라 적합한 것이 다르므로, 혼합하여 심게 되면 농사를 완전히 망치지는 않게 되기 때문이다.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''English Translation'''==&lt;br /&gt;
'''Cultivating Rice {{Original Commentary|Including Upland Rice}}'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There are '''early-sowing varieties''' and '''late-sowing varieties'''. As for cultivation and sowing methods, there are '''wet farming''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''musalmi''}}, '''dry farming''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''mareunsami''}}, and '''transplanting seedlings''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''myojong''}}. The weeding method is generally the same for all varieties. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○ For the '''early-sowing variety''', after the autumn harvest, choose the most fertile '''wet fields''' with an accessible source of water {{Original Commentary|In general, '''terraced paddy field'''s should be irrigated from above and drained below. The best (fields) are those that can be irrigated during droughts and drained during the rain. The second (best) are those where still water collects on the '''low ground'''. However, long rains may make the water sludgy and turbid, causing the seedlings to rot. The worst are those on '''high ground''' where farming is only possible when it rains.}} and plow them. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In the winter months, apply '''manure''' (onto the fields). {{Original Commentary|When the (spring) thaw occurs in the first (lunar) month, plow the fields and apply '''manure''', or alternatively, bring in new soil.}} Then, plow again in the first week&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;A lunar month has three weeks of 10 days each.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; of the second month. With a '''''mokchak''''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''soheulla''}}, harrow the soil lengthwise and breadthwise. Then again, with a '''''cheolchipa''''' {{Original Commentary|commonly called ''susueum''}}, break up the clods of soil to make it '''ready''' (for planting).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Before sowing the seeds, soak them in water.  After three days, take them out to drain, put them inside a '''''hocheon''''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''binseom'' or ''gongseom''}}, and store in a '''warm place'''. Frequently open (the ''hocheon'')] and check (the seeds), making sure they do not become damp and smelly. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
When the sprouts become two '''''bun''''' &amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Two ''bun'' is approx. 0.4 cm&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; long, place them evenly in the '''paddies''' and cover the them (with soil) using a '''''pallo''''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''beonji''}} or a '''''paro''''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''chugae'' or ''milgae''.}} Then, irrigate the fields and keep the birds out (until the seedlings grow). &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
When the seedlings sprout two leaves, drain the water (from the paddy). After completely removing by hand (the tiny weeds) {{Original Commentary|The seedlings are fragile so a '''''homi''''' cannot be used. However, if the water evaporates and the soil firms up, a ''homi'' should be used.}} between the seedlings, irrigate again. {{Original Commentary|Drain the water each time before weeding. Once weeding is complete, irrigate it. While the seedlings are still young and fragile, irrigate lightly, and when the seedlings are mature and strong, irrigate heavily.}} If the field has a constant source of water such as a stream, so that it does not dry out even in drought, then every time weeding is completed, drain the water, and expose the base (of the plant) to the sunlight. After two days, restart irrigation {{Original Commentary|so (the plants) withstand wind and drought}}. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
When the seedlings grow to about half a '''''cheok'''''&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Half a ''cheok'' is approx. 10 cm&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;, weed again with a '''''homi''''' {{Original Commentary|The seedlings are firmly rooted, so using a ''homi'' is allowed.}} When weeding, use your hands to gently rub the soil surface between the seedlings. Weed up to three or four times. {{Original Commentary|The growth of the plants depends solely on weeding. Moreover, the '''early-sowing variety''' grows quickly by nature, so the slightest delay in weeding is not allowed.}} When the plant is about to ripen, drain the water. {{Original Commentary|If the water remains, it delays the ripening.}} &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The grain of '''early-sowing varieties''' is prone to drop (from the ear), so harvest it as soon as it is ripe.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○ For '''wet farming''' of '''late-sowing varieties''': &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Plow the fields when the (spring) thaw occurs in the '''first (lunar) month'''. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
As for applying manure and bringing in new soil, follow the same method prescribed for the '''early-sowing varieties'''. {{Original Commentary|If new soil is brought in this year, then apply '''manure''' or spread '''weeds''' the following year, and alternate them.}} If the soil is muddy or crumbly, or the subsoil water is cold, then bring in new soil or sod. If the soil is infertile and barren, then spread '''cattle and horse manure''' and '''oak stems with leaves''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is  ''gaeulcho''.}}. '''Night soil''' and '''silkworm droppings''' are also good. {{Original Commentary|But they are difficult to procure in large amounts.}} &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
During the period between the '''first week&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;A lunar month has three weeks of 10 days each.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; of the third month''' and  '''''Mangjong'''''&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;''Mangjong'', or &amp;quot;Grain in Ear&amp;quot;, refers to a solar term which usually falls at the beginning of the fifth lunar month.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;, plow the fields again (and sow the seeds). {{Original Commentary|In general, plowing and sowing after ''Mangjong'' brings poor harvest.}} &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Soaking seeds, sowing seeds, covering seeds, irrigating water, and weeding methods are all the same as for '''early-sowing varieties'''. {{Original Commentary|Weeding three times by the '''middle of the sixth month''' is best. Weeding three times by the (end of) the sixth month is the second best. Not doing even this amount of weeding is the worst.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○ If a drought occurs in spring, (thus making) it impossible to practice '''wet farming''', one should practice '''dry farming'''. {{Original Commentary|(In this case), sow only the '''late-sowing varieties'''.}} &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The method is as follows: &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
After plowing, break the clods with '''''noemok''''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''goeumpa''}}, and harrow the fields with a '''''mokjak'''''. {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''soheulla''.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
After preparing the soil in this way, mix one '''''mal''''' &amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;One ''mal is approx. 18 liters&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; of rice with one '''''seom''''' &amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;One ''seom'' is approx. 180 liters&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; of '''aged manure''' or a '''mixture of urine and ash'''. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Original Commentary|'''Urine and ash fertilizer''' making method: Dig a small '''pool''' outside the '''cow stable''' to store '''urine'''. Burn '''stalks''', '''bran''', '''chaff''' and the like into ashes, and mix it with the urine from the '''pool''')}} &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Plant (the seeds) using the '''foot sowing''' method.&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;In the &amp;quot;foot sowing&amp;quot; method, a farmer leaves a depressed hole in the soil, using his/her left heel, to throw a seed into the hole. Then, with right foot, dirt is thrown back into the hole to cover the seed.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; (After sowing,) (continue to) keep the birds away {{Original Commentary|until the seedlings start to grow}}. Do not irrigate the field until the seedlings grow enough. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If weeds grow, do not cease weeding (with a ''homi''), even if there is a drought and the seedlings wither. {{Original Commentary|There is an old saying that &amp;quot;A hundred rice plants depend on the head of a ''homi''.&amp;quot; Old farmers also said, &amp;quot;Seedlings appreciate a man's efforts (at weeding).&amp;quot;}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○ Transplanting Method&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Select '''wet fields''' where the seedlings will not become dry, even in the case of a drought. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Plowing should be done between the last week&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;A lunar month has three weeks of 10 days each.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; of the second (lunar) month and the first week of the third month. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Each '''paddy field''' is divided into ten parts: One part is for raising the seedlings and the other nine parts are for (transplanting) the seedlings. {{Original Commentary|When the seedlings have completely been picked (and transplanted into the other nine parts), also transplant them into the part where the seedlings were raised.}} &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
First, plow the section where the seedlings will be grown according to the plowing method (mentioned previously), make the soil soft and levelled, and drain the water. Chop the soft ends of '''willow branches'''. Spread them thickly all over the fields and then stamp them underfoot. Let the soil dry completely under the sun and (then) irrigate the field. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
First, soak the seeds for three days. Then, put them in a '''''hocheon''''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''binseom''}} to drain. After one day, plant the seeds in the soil and cover them (with soil) using a  '''''panno'''''. {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''beonji''.) &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
When the seedlings have grown taller than the height of one's fist, they are able to be transplanted, First, plow the place where the seedlings will be transplanted. Then, spread the '''oak branches with leaves''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''gaeulcho''}} or '''cow or horse manure'''. When it is time to transplant the seedlings, plow again according to the method (mentioned previously) to make the soil loose and level, making it extremely '''soft'''. Plant four or five seedlings for each transplantation. Since they have not yet taken root, do not irrigate them deeply. {{Original Commentary|This method is convenient for weeding, in case of severe drought the crops will be lost, which is a matter of risk for the farm.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○ Upland Rice Method&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Though there are many varieties of rice, in general they are all alike. (However,) there is a special variety called '''''hando'''''. {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''mebyeo''.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Highlands and locations with sources of cold water are all appropriate (for this variety). However, if the soil is too dry, then this variety cannot grow. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Plow the soil in the first week&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;A lunar month has three weeks of 10 days each.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; of the second (lunar) month, then plow again between the first and second week of the third month. Then, make ridges.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
After finishing sowing by using the '''foot sowing''' method, stamp down the ridges, making them hard. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
When weeding, remove the soil around the sprouts to prevent them from being covered by soil. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If the soil is barren, mix (the seeds) with '''aged manure''' or '''ash and urine fertilizer''' and sow them. Alternatively, mix two parts '''''hando''''' seeds with two parts '''barnyard grass''' seeds and one part '''red beans''' and sow them. In general, this technique of mixing seeds and sowing them is (to prevent the loss of crops even in) years of flood or drought. As which of the '''nine grains''' will be appropriate for the following year's (weather conditions) differs, mixing seeds and sowing them helps prevent a total loss.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Glossary'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Footnote'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Further Reading'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:농사직설]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Jeeeun</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://dh.aks.ac.kr/~classics/wiki/index.php?title=NJ2018_Cultivating_Rice&amp;diff=2803</id>
		<title>NJ2018 Cultivating Rice</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://dh.aks.ac.kr/~classics/wiki/index.php?title=NJ2018_Cultivating_Rice&amp;diff=2803"/>
				<updated>2018-06-13T02:18:49Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Jeeeun: /* Korean Translation */&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;div&gt;{{NJ2018 TOC}}&lt;br /&gt;
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=='''Original Script'''==&lt;br /&gt;
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|種稻 {{원주|附 旱稻}}&lt;br /&gt;
稻種有早有晩。 耕種法有水耕【鄕名: 水沙彌】有乾耕【鄕名: 乾沙彌】, 又有揷種【鄕名: 苗種】。 除草之法, 則大抵皆同。&lt;br /&gt;
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○早稻:&lt;br /&gt;
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秋收後, 擇連水源肥膏水田,【凡水田, 上可以引水, 下可以決去。 旱則灌之, 雨則洩之者, 爲上。 洿下渟水處, 次之, 然久雨泥渾, 則苗腐。 高處須雨而耕者, 斯爲下矣。】 耕之。&lt;br /&gt;
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冬月入糞。【正月氷解, 耕之入糞。或入新土亦得。】&lt;br /&gt;
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二月上旬又耕之。 以木斫【鄕名: 所訖羅】縱橫摩平, 復以鐵齒擺【鄕名: 手愁音】打破土塊令熟。&lt;br /&gt;
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先以稻種漬水, 經三日漉出, 納蒿篅中【鄕名: 空石】, 置溫處。 頻頻開視, 勿致鬱浥。&lt;br /&gt;
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芽長二分, 均撒水田中, 以板撈【鄕名: 翻地】或把撈【鄕名: 推介】覆種。 灌水驅鳥。【以苗生爲限】&lt;br /&gt;
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苗生二葉, 則去水, 以手耘。【苗弱, 不可用鋤。 然水渴土强, 則當用鋤。】&lt;br /&gt;
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去苗間細草, 訖又灌水。【每去水而耘, 耘訖灌之。 苗弱時宜淺, 苗强時宜深。】&lt;br /&gt;
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如川水連通, 雖旱不渴處, 則每耘訖決去水, 曝根二日, 後還灌水。【耐風與旱】&lt;br /&gt;
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苗長半尺許, 又耘以鋤。【苗强, 可以用鋤。】&lt;br /&gt;
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耘時, 以手挼軟苗間土面。 耘至三四度,【禾穀成長, 唯賴鋤功。 且旱稻性速, 不可小緩。】 將熟去水。【有水, 則熟遲。】&lt;br /&gt;
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早稻善零, 隨熟隨刈。&lt;br /&gt;
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=='''Korean Translation'''==&lt;br /&gt;
'''벼 심고 키우기 {{원주|한도를 덧붙임}}'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
벼의 품종으로는 일찍 파종하는 '''올벼'''가 있고 늦게 파종하는 '''늦벼'''가 있다. 재배법으로는 '''수경법'''{{원주|향명 ''수사미''}}이 있고, '''건경법'''{{원주|향명 ''건사미''}}이 있고, 또한 '''삽종법'''{{원주|향명 묘종}}이 있다.{{원주|제초하는 방법은 대개 동일하다.}}&lt;br /&gt;
○ 올벼는 [재배하려면] 가을에 수확한 후에, 수원과 이어져 있는 비옥한 논{{원주|무릇 논은 위쪽에서는 물을 끌어올 수 있어야 하고, 아래쪽에서는 물을 빼낼 수 있어야 한다. 가물면 물을 대고, 비가 오면 물을 빼내는 논이 가장 좋다. 웅덩이에 물이 고이는 논이 그 다음이다. 그런데 오랜 비에 [논이] 진흙뻘이 되면 모가 썩는다. 높은 곳에 위치하면서 비만 기다려 농사짓는 논, 이것은 가장 나쁘다.}}을 골라서 간다. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
겨울철에 거름을 투입하고{{원주|정월에 얼음이 녹을 때 갈이를 하고 거름을 투입하거나 혹은 새로운 흙을 투입하는 것도 나쁘지는 않다.}}2월 상순에 다시 한 번 더 갈이를 한다. '''''목작'''''{{원주|향명 ''소흘라''}}로 [논을] 종횡으로 갈아 평평하게 만든 후, 다시 '''''철치파'''''{{원주|향명 ''수수음''}}로 흙덩이를 깨뜨려 부드럽게 만든다. &lt;br /&gt;
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파종에 앞서 '''볍씨'''를 물에 담가 3일이 지난 후에 건져 내어 '''''호천'''''{{원주|향명 ''빈섬''}}에 담아 따뜻한 곳에 보관하여 둔다. &lt;br /&gt;
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자주 열어 보아 [벼 종자가] 눅눅해지지 않도록 한다. &lt;br /&gt;
싹의 길이가 2'''푼'''(약 0.4cm) 쯤 자라면 논에다가 골고루 뿌리고 '''''판로'''''{{원주|향명 ''번지''}}혹은 '''''파로'''''로{{원주|향명 ''밀개''}}씨를 덮어주고 난 뒤에 물을 공급하고 [묘가 자랄 동안에 한해서] 새들이 접근하지 못하도록 한다.&lt;br /&gt;
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모에서 잎이 두 개가 나오면 물을 뺀다. 손으로 김을 매면서{{원주|모가 어리고 약하기 때문에 철로 된 ''호미''를 사용할 수 없지만 물이 말라 흙이 굳어진 상태에서는 마땅히 ''호미''를 써야 한다.}}모와 모 사이의 가느다란 잡초를 뽑고 다시 물을 투입한다. {{원주|매번 물을 빼고 김을 매고 다시 물을 공급하는데 묘가 약할 때에는 물을 얕게, 강할 때에는 깊게 공급한다.}}개천과 같이 물을 연속적으로 공급할 수 있어서 가뭄이 들어도 물이 마르지 않는 곳은 김을 맨 후에 물을 빼고 뿌리까지 햇볕을 쬘 수 있도록 하고 2일 후에 다시 물을 관개한다. {{원주|바람과 가뭄에 강하게 견디어 낼 수 있도록 하기 위함이다.}}&lt;br /&gt;
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모의 길이가 반 '''자'''쯤 될 정도로 자라면 또 김을 매는데 '''''호미'''''를 가지고 한다.{{원주|모가 이미 강해져서 호미를 사용해도 되기 때문이다.}}김을 맬 때는 모 사이의 흙을 손으로 만져서 부드럽게 만들고, 김매기는 3~4번 하며 [벼의 성장은] 오직 김매기에 달려 있다.&lt;br /&gt;
게다가 올벼의 성질은 빨리 자라므로 [김매기를] 조금이라도 늦춰서는 안 된다. [벼가] 익을 무렵이 되면 물을 뺀다.{{원주|물이 있으면 [벼가] 익는 게 지체된다.}}벼는 잘 떨어지므로 익는 즉시 벤다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○늦벼의 수경&lt;br /&gt;
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정월에 얼음이 녹을 때 간다. 거름을 넣거나 흙을 넣는 것은 올벼 재배법과 동일하다. 올해 흙을 넣었다면 내년에는 거름을 넣거나 잡초를 넣는 방식으로 교대한다. 흙이 진흙투성이거나 푸석푸석하거나 찬물 기운이 있다면 완전히 새 흙이나 사토를 채워 넣는다. [토질이] 척박하다면 소똥, 말똥 및 가지에 달린 갈잎향명 가을초 을 깔아주는데, 인분, 누에똥잠사도 좋다.다만 많이 구하는 것이 어렵다. 3월 상순에서 망종 사이에 다시 간다. 대체로 망종보다 늦게 갈고 파종하면 [수확이] 부실하다. 종자 담그기, 파종하기, 종자 덮기, 물대기, 김매기 방법은 모두 올벼 재배법과 동일하다.6월 보름 이전에 3번 김매는 것이 가장 좋다. 6월 이내에 3번 김매는 것이 그 다음이다. 여기에도 미치지 못하는 것은 가장 나쁘다.&lt;br /&gt;
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○ 봄철에 가뭄이 들면 '''수경'''을 할 것이 아니라, '''건경'''을 해야 한다.{{원주|이 경우에는 오직 '''늦벼'''만 심는다.}}그 방법으로는 [먼저 논을] 간 다음 '''''뇌목'''''{{원주|향명 ''고음파''}}으로 흙덩이를 깨뜨리고, 다시 '''''목작'''''{{원주|향명 ''소흘라''}}으로 [논을] 종횡으로 갈아 평평하게 고른다. '''숙치''' 후, 볍씨 1'''''말'''''에 잘 삭힌 '''거름''' 혹은 '''요회'''를 섞고,{{원주|요회 만드는 법: 외양간 바깥에 웅덩이를 만들어 오줌을 저장한다. '''볏짚''', '''겨''', '''쭉정이''' 따위를 태워 만든 재를 웅덩이에 저장한 오줌과 잘 섞는다.}}'''''족종''''' 방식&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;역주&amp;quot;&amp;gt;왼발 뒤꿈치로 흙을 밟아 누르면서 종자를 뿌리고, 오른발로 흙을 덮어 주는 파종 방식. &amp;quot;[http://encysillok.aks.ac.kr/Contents/index?Contents_id=00000273 건경]&amp;quot;, 『조선왕조실록사전』, 한국학중앙연구원.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;으로 파종한다. [파종한 다음에는] 새를 쫓는다.{{원주|모가 자랄 때까지 한다.}}모가 클 때까지는 물을 대서는 안 된다. 잡초가 자라는 경우에는 가물고 모가 마른 상태이더라도 김매기를 쉬어서는 안 된다.{{원주|옛말에 '호미 머리에 이삭 백 줄기가 달려있다'고 했고, 늙은 농부들도 말하기를 '모는 사람의 공을 알아준다'고 했다.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○'''묘종법'''&lt;br /&gt;
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'''모내기'''로 재배하는 방법은 물이 있는 논을 갈되 비록 가물어도 마르지 않는 곳이어야 한다. '''2월 하순'''부터 '''3월 상순'''까지 사이에 갈 수 있으며 논마다 10분의 1은 모를 기르고 나머지 10분의 9는 모를 심도록 헤아린다.{{원주|모를 뽑고 나면 못자리에도 아울러 모를 심는다.}}먼저 못자리로 할 곳을 갈아 방법대로 잘 다스리고 물을 뺀 다음 '''연한 버들가지'''를 잘게 썰어서 두껍게 편 다음 발로 밟아 넣고 흙을 볕에 쪼여 말린 후에 물을 댄다. 우선 '''볍씨'''를 3일 동안 담갔다가 걸러내서 '''''호천'''''{{원주|향명 ''빈섬''}}에 넣고, 하루 뒤에 파종한 다음 '''''판로'''''{{원주|향명 ''번지''}}로 볍씨를 덮는다. 모가 한 줌 이상 자라서 옮겨 심을 수 있게 되면, 먼저 모를 심을 곳을 간 다음에 '''갈잎'''{{원주|향명 가을초}}이나 '''소똥․말똥'''을 깐다. 모를 옮겨 심을 무렵에 다시 농법대로 갈되 흙이 아주 부드럽게 되도록 잘 간다. [옮겨 심는] 1'''''과''''' 당 4~5모가 넘지 않도록 하고, 흙에 착근되지 못했을 경우에는 너무 깊게 물을 대서는 안 된다.{{원주|이 방법은 제초에는 편리하지만, 만의 하나 크게 가물면 실수하게 되니, 농가의 위기이다.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''메벼 재배법'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
벼의 품종은 아주 많지만 대체로 모두 동일하다. 하지만 특별한 품종이 있으니 '''''한도'''''{{원주|향명 ''메벼''}}라고 부른다. 높은 지대의 토지나 찬물 기운이 있는 토지에도 두루 적합하다. 하지만 토지가 너무 건조하면 자라지 않는다. '''2 월 상순'''에 갈고, 다시 '''3 월 상순'''에서 '''중순''' 사이에 갈아서 '''이랑'''을 만든다. '''발로 밟으면서 파종'''한 후에는 '''이랑''' 등을 밟아 단단하게 만든다. 김을 맬 때는 모 사이의 흙을 제거하여 흙으로 [모를] 덮지 않도록 한다.만약 척박하다면 [볍씨를] 잘 삭힌 '''거름''' 혹은 '''뇨회'''와 섞어 심는다.&lt;br /&gt;
또는 '''''한도''''' 2 '''푼'''․'''찰기장''' 2 '''푼'''․'''팥''' 1 '''푼'''을 섞어서 심는다.{{원주|대체로 여러 종자를 섞어서 심는 방식은 해에 따라 홍수․가뭄이 있고 '''9곡'''도 해에 따라 적합한 것이 다르므로, 혼합하여 심게 되면 농사를 완전히 망치지는 않게 되기 때문이다.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''English Translation'''==&lt;br /&gt;
'''Cultivating Rice {{Original Commentary|Including Upland Rice}}'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There are '''early-sowing varieties''' and '''late-sowing varieties'''. As for cultivation and sowing methods, there are '''wet farming''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''musalmi''}}, '''dry farming''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''mareunsami''}}, and '''transplanting seedlings''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''myojong''}}. The weeding method is generally the same for all varieties. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○ For the '''early-sowing variety''', after the autumn harvest, choose the most fertile '''wet fields''' with an accessible source of water {{Original Commentary|In general, '''terraced paddy field'''s should be irrigated from above and drained below. The best (fields) are those that can be irrigated during droughts and drained during the rain. The second (best) are those where still water collects on the '''low ground'''. However, long rains may make the water sludgy and turbid, causing the seedlings to rot. The worst are those on '''high ground''' where farming is only possible when it rains.}} and plow them. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In the winter months, apply '''manure''' (onto the fields). {{Original Commentary|When the (spring) thaw occurs in the first (lunar) month, plow the fields and apply '''manure''', or alternatively, bring in new soil.}} Then, plow again in the first week&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;A lunar month has three weeks of 10 days each.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; of the second month. With a '''''mokchak''''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''soheulla''}}, harrow the soil lengthwise and breadthwise. Then again, with a '''''cheolchipa''''' {{Original Commentary|commonly called ''susueum''}}, break up the clods of soil to make it '''ready''' (for planting).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Before sowing the seeds, soak them in water.  After three days, take them out to drain, put them inside a '''''hocheon''''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''binseom'' or ''gongseom''}}, and store in a '''warm place'''. Frequently open (the ''hocheon'')] and check (the seeds), making sure they do not become damp and smelly. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
When the sprouts become two '''''bun''''' &amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Two ''bun'' is approx. 0.4 cm&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; long, place them evenly in the '''paddies''' and cover the them (with soil) using a '''''pallo''''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''beonji''}} or a '''''paro''''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''chugae'' or ''milgae''.}} Then, irrigate the fields and keep the birds out (until the seedlings grow). &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
When the seedlings sprout two leaves, drain the water (from the paddy). After completely removing by hand (the tiny weeds) {{Original Commentary|The seedlings are fragile so a '''''homi''''' cannot be used. However, if the water evaporates and the soil firms up, a ''homi'' should be used.}} between the seedlings, irrigate again. {{Original Commentary|Drain the water each time before weeding. Once weeding is complete, irrigate it. While the seedlings are still young and fragile, irrigate lightly, and when the seedlings are mature and strong, irrigate heavily.}} If the field has a constant source of water such as a stream, so that it does not dry out even in drought, then every time weeding is completed, drain the water, and expose the base (of the plant) to the sunlight. After two days, restart irrigation {{Original Commentary|so (the plants) withstand wind and drought}}. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
When the seedlings grow to about half a '''''cheok'''''&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Half a ''cheok'' is approx. 10 cm&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;, weed again with a '''''homi''''' {{Original Commentary|The seedlings are firmly rooted, so using a ''homi'' is allowed.}} When weeding, use your hands to gently rub the soil surface between the seedlings. Weed up to three or four times. {{Original Commentary|The growth of the plants depends solely on weeding. Moreover, the '''early-sowing variety''' grows quickly by nature, so the slightest delay in weeding is not allowed.}} When the plant is about to ripen, drain the water. {{Original Commentary|If the water remains, it delays the ripening.}} &lt;br /&gt;
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The grain of '''early-sowing varieties''' is prone to drop (from the ear), so harvest it as soon as it is ripe.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○ For '''wet farming''' of '''late-sowing varieties''': &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Plow the fields when the (spring) thaw occurs in the '''first (lunar) month'''. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
As for applying manure and bringing in new soil, follow the same method prescribed for the '''early-sowing varieties'''. {{Original Commentary|If new soil is brought in this year, then apply '''manure''' or spread '''weeds''' the following year, and alternate them.}} If the soil is muddy or crumbly, or the subsoil water is cold, then bring in new soil or sod. If the soil is infertile and barren, then spread '''cattle and horse manure''' and '''oak stems with leaves''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is  ''gaeulcho''.}}. '''Night soil''' and '''silkworm droppings''' are also good. {{Original Commentary|But they are difficult to procure in large amounts.}} &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
During the period between the '''first week&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;A lunar month has three weeks of 10 days each.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; of the third month''' and  '''''Mangjong'''''&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;''Mangjong'', or &amp;quot;Grain in Ear&amp;quot;, refers to a solar term which usually falls at the beginning of the fifth lunar month.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;, plow the fields again (and sow the seeds). {{Original Commentary|In general, plowing and sowing after ''Mangjong'' brings poor harvest.}} &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Soaking seeds, sowing seeds, covering seeds, irrigating water, and weeding methods are all the same as for '''early-sowing varieties'''. {{Original Commentary|Weeding three times by the '''middle of the sixth month''' is best. Weeding three times by the (end of) the sixth month is the second best. Not doing even this amount of weeding is the worst.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○ If a drought occurs in spring, (thus making) it impossible to practice '''wet farming''', one should practice '''dry farming'''. {{Original Commentary|(In this case), sow only the '''late-sowing varieties'''.}} &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The method is as follows: &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
After plowing, break the clods with '''''noemok''''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''goeumpa''}}, and harrow the fields with a '''''mokjak'''''. {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''soheulla''.}}&lt;br /&gt;
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After preparing the soil in this way, mix one '''''mal''''' &amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;One ''mal is approx. 18 liters&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; of rice with one '''''seom''''' &amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;One ''seom'' is approx. 180 liters&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; of '''aged manure''' or a '''mixture of urine and ash'''. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Original Commentary|'''Urine and ash fertilizer''' making method: Dig a small '''pool''' outside the '''cow stable''' to store '''urine'''. Burn '''stalks''', '''bran''', '''chaff''' and the like into ashes, and mix it with the urine from the '''pool''')}} &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Plant (the seeds) using the '''foot sowing''' method.&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;In the &amp;quot;foot sowing&amp;quot; method, a farmer leaves a depressed hole in the soil, using his/her left heel, to throw a seed into the hole. Then, with right foot, dirt is thrown back into the hole to cover the seed.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; (After sowing,) (continue to) keep the birds away {{Original Commentary|until the seedlings start to grow}}. Do not irrigate the field until the seedlings grow enough. &lt;br /&gt;
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If weeds grow, do not cease weeding (with a ''homi''), even if there is a drought and the seedlings wither. {{Original Commentary|There is an old saying that &amp;quot;A hundred rice plants depend on the head of a ''homi''.&amp;quot; Old farmers also said, &amp;quot;Seedlings appreciate a man's efforts (at weeding).&amp;quot;}}&lt;br /&gt;
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○ Transplanting Method&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Select '''wet fields''' where the seedlings will not become dry, even in the case of a drought. &lt;br /&gt;
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Plowing should be done between the last week&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;A lunar month has three weeks of 10 days each.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; of the second (lunar) month and the first week of the third month. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Each '''paddy field''' is divided into ten parts: One part is for raising the seedlings and the other nine parts are for (transplanting) the seedlings. {{Original Commentary|When the seedlings have completely been picked (and transplanted into the other nine parts), also transplant them into the part where the seedlings were raised.}} &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
First, plow the section where the seedlings will be grown according to the plowing method (mentioned previously), make the soil soft and levelled, and drain the water. Chop the soft ends of '''willow branches'''. Spread them thickly all over the fields and then stamp them underfoot. Let the soil dry completely under the sun and (then) irrigate the field. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
First, soak the seeds for three days. Then, put them in a '''''hocheon''''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''binseom''}} to drain. After one day, plant the seeds in the soil and cover them (with soil) using a  '''''panno'''''. {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''beonji''.) &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
When the seedlings have grown taller than the height of one's fist, they are able to be transplanted, First, plow the place where the seedlings will be transplanted. Then, spread the '''oak branches with leaves''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''gaeulcho''}} or '''cow or horse manure'''. When it is time to transplant the seedlings, plow again according to the method (mentioned previously) to make the soil loose and level, making it extremely '''soft'''. Plant four or five seedlings for each transplantation. Since they have not yet taken root, do not irrigate them deeply. {{Original Commentary|This method is convenient for weeding, in case of severe drought the crops will be lost, which is a matter of risk for the farm.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○ Upland Rice Method&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Though there are many varieties of rice, in general they are all alike. (However,) there is a special variety called '''''hando'''''. {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''mebyeo''.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Highlands and locations with sources of cold water are all appropriate (for this variety). However, if the soil is too dry, then this variety cannot grow. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Plow the soil in the first week&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;A lunar month has three weeks of 10 days each.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; of the second (lunar) month, then plow again between the first and second week of the third month. Then, make ridges.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
After finishing sowing by using the '''foot sowing''' method, stamp down the ridges, making them hard. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
When weeding, remove the soil around the sprouts to prevent them from being covered by soil. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If the soil is barren, mix (the seeds) with '''aged manure''' or '''ash and urine fertilizer''' and sow them. Alternatively, mix two parts '''''hando''''' seeds with two parts '''barnyard grass''' seeds and one part '''red beans''' and sow them. In general, this technique of mixing seeds and sowing them is (to prevent the loss of crops even in) years of flood or drought. As which of the '''nine grains''' will be appropriate for the following year's (weather conditions) differs, mixing seeds and sowing them helps prevent a total loss.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Glossary'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Footnote'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Further Reading'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:농사직설]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Jeeeun</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://dh.aks.ac.kr/~classics/wiki/index.php?title=NJ2018_Cultivating_Rice&amp;diff=2802</id>
		<title>NJ2018 Cultivating Rice</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://dh.aks.ac.kr/~classics/wiki/index.php?title=NJ2018_Cultivating_Rice&amp;diff=2802"/>
				<updated>2018-06-13T02:18:21Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Jeeeun: /* Korean Translation */&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;div&gt;{{NJ2018 TOC}}&lt;br /&gt;
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=='''Original Script'''==&lt;br /&gt;
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|種稻 {{원주|附 旱稻}}&lt;br /&gt;
稻種有早有晩。 耕種法有水耕【鄕名: 水沙彌】有乾耕【鄕名: 乾沙彌】, 又有揷種【鄕名: 苗種】。 除草之法, 則大抵皆同。&lt;br /&gt;
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○早稻:&lt;br /&gt;
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秋收後, 擇連水源肥膏水田,【凡水田, 上可以引水, 下可以決去。 旱則灌之, 雨則洩之者, 爲上。 洿下渟水處, 次之, 然久雨泥渾, 則苗腐。 高處須雨而耕者, 斯爲下矣。】 耕之。&lt;br /&gt;
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冬月入糞。【正月氷解, 耕之入糞。或入新土亦得。】&lt;br /&gt;
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二月上旬又耕之。 以木斫【鄕名: 所訖羅】縱橫摩平, 復以鐵齒擺【鄕名: 手愁音】打破土塊令熟。&lt;br /&gt;
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先以稻種漬水, 經三日漉出, 納蒿篅中【鄕名: 空石】, 置溫處。 頻頻開視, 勿致鬱浥。&lt;br /&gt;
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芽長二分, 均撒水田中, 以板撈【鄕名: 翻地】或把撈【鄕名: 推介】覆種。 灌水驅鳥。【以苗生爲限】&lt;br /&gt;
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苗生二葉, 則去水, 以手耘。【苗弱, 不可用鋤。 然水渴土强, 則當用鋤。】&lt;br /&gt;
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去苗間細草, 訖又灌水。【每去水而耘, 耘訖灌之。 苗弱時宜淺, 苗强時宜深。】&lt;br /&gt;
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如川水連通, 雖旱不渴處, 則每耘訖決去水, 曝根二日, 後還灌水。【耐風與旱】&lt;br /&gt;
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苗長半尺許, 又耘以鋤。【苗强, 可以用鋤。】&lt;br /&gt;
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耘時, 以手挼軟苗間土面。 耘至三四度,【禾穀成長, 唯賴鋤功。 且旱稻性速, 不可小緩。】 將熟去水。【有水, 則熟遲。】&lt;br /&gt;
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早稻善零, 隨熟隨刈。&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;td align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href=&amp;quot;http://digerati.aks.ac.kr/DhLab/2018/103/jpg/page-06-1.jpg&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;img src=&amp;quot;http://digerati.aks.ac.kr/DhLab/2018/103/thumb/page-06-1_xs.jpg&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;06&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/td&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;td align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href=&amp;quot;http://digerati.aks.ac.kr/DhLab/2018/103/jpg/page-07-1.jpg&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;img src=&amp;quot;http://digerati.aks.ac.kr/DhLab/2018/103/thumb/page-07-1_xs.jpg&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;07&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/td&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;td align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href=&amp;quot;http://digerati.aks.ac.kr/DhLab/2018/103/jpg/page-08-1.jpg&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;img src=&amp;quot;http://digerati.aks.ac.kr/DhLab/2018/103/thumb/page-08-1_xs.jpg&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;08&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/td&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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|}&lt;br /&gt;
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=='''Korean Translation'''==&lt;br /&gt;
'''벼 심고 키우기 {{원주|한도를 덧붙임}}'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
벼의 품종으로는 일찍 파종하는 '''올벼'''가 있고 늦게 파종하는 '''늦벼'''가 있다. 재배법으로는 '''수경법'''{{원주|향명 ''수사미''}}이 있고, '''건경법'''{{원주|향명 ''건사미''}}이 있고, 또한 '''삽종법'''{{원주|향명 묘종}}이 있다.{{원주|제초하는 방법은 대개 동일하다.}}&lt;br /&gt;
○ 올벼는 [재배하려면] 가을에 수확한 후에, 수원과 이어져 있는 비옥한 논{{원주|무릇 논은 위쪽에서는 물을 끌어올 수 있어야 하고, 아래쪽에서는 물을 빼낼 수 있어야 한다. 가물면 물을 대고, 비가 오면 물을 빼내는 논이 가장 좋다. 웅덩이에 물이 고이는 논이 그 다음이다. 그런데 오랜 비에 [논이] 진흙뻘이 되면 모가 썩는다. 높은 곳에 위치하면서 비만 기다려 농사짓는 논, 이것은 가장 나쁘다.}}을 골라서 간다. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
겨울철에 거름을 투입하고{{원주|정월에 얼음이 녹을 때 갈이를 하고 거름을 투입하거나 혹은 새로운 흙을 투입하는 것도 나쁘지는 않다.}}2월 상순에 다시 한 번 더 갈이를 한다. '''''목작'''''{{원주|향명 ''소흘라''}}로 [논을] 종횡으로 갈아 평평하게 만든 후, 다시 '''''철치파'''''{{원주|향명 ''수수음''}}로 흙덩이를 깨뜨려 부드럽게 만든다. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
파종에 앞서 '''볍씨'''를 물에 담가 3일이 지난 후에 건져 내어 '''''호천'''''{{원주|향명 ''빈섬''}}에 담아 따뜻한 곳에 보관하여 둔다. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
자주 열어 보아 [벼 종자가] 눅눅해지지 않도록 한다. &lt;br /&gt;
싹의 길이가 2'''푼'''(약 0.4cm) 쯤 자라면 논에다가 골고루 뿌리고 '''''판로'''''{{원주|향명 ''번지''}}혹은 '''''파로'''''로{{원주|향명 ''밀개''}}씨를 덮어주고 난 뒤에 물을 공급하고 [묘가 자랄 동안에 한해서] 새들이 접근하지 못하도록 한다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
모에서 잎이 두 개가 나오면 물을 뺀다. 손으로 김을 매면서{{원주|모가 어리고 약하기 때문에 철로 된 ''호미''를 사용할 수 없지만 물이 말라 흙이 굳어진 상태에서는 마땅히 ''호미''를 써야 한다.}}모와 모 사이의 가느다란 잡초를 뽑고 다시 물을 투입한다. {{원주|매번 물을 빼고 김을 매고 다시 물을 공급하는데 묘가 약할 때에는 물을 얕게, 강할 때에는 깊게 공급한다.}}개천과 같이 물을 연속적으로 공급할 수 있어서 가뭄이 들어도 물이 마르지 않는 곳은 김을 맨 후에 물을 빼고 뿌리까지 햇볕을 쬘 수 있도록 하고 2일 후에 다시 물을 관개한다. {{원주|바람과 가뭄에 강하게 견디어 낼 수 있도록 하기 위함이다.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
모의 길이가 반 '''자'''쯤 될 정도로 자라면 또 김을 매는데 '''''호미'''''를 가지고 한다.{{원주|모가 이미 강해져서 호미를 사용해도 되기 때문이다.}}김을 맬 때는 모 사이의 흙을 손으로 만져서 부드럽게 만들고, 김매기는 3~4번 하며 [벼의 성장은] 오직 김매기에 달려 있다.&lt;br /&gt;
게다가 올벼의 성질은 빨리 자라므로 [김매기를] 조금이라도 늦춰서는 안 된다. [벼가] 익을 무렵이 되면 물을 뺀다.{{원주|물이 있으면 [벼가] 익는 게 지체된다.}}벼는 잘 떨어지므로 익는 즉시 벤다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○늦벼의 수경&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
정월에 얼음이 녹을 때 간다. 거름을 넣거나 흙을 넣는 것은 올벼 재배법과 동일하다. 올해 흙을 넣었다면 내년에는 거름을 넣거나 잡초를 넣는 방식으로 교대한다. 흙이 진흙투성이거나 푸석푸석하거나 찬물 기운이 있다면 완전히 새 흙이나 사토를 채워 넣는다. [토질이] 척박하다면 소똥, 말똥 및 가지에 달린 갈잎향명 가을초 을 깔아주는데, 인분, 누에똥잠사도 좋다.다만 많이 구하는 것이 어렵다. 3월 상순에서 망종 사이에 다시 간다. 대체로 망종보다 늦게 갈고 파종하면 [수확이] 부실하다. 종자 담그기, 파종하기, 종자 덮기, 물대기, 김매기 방법은 모두 올벼 재배법과 동일하다.6월 보름 이전에 3번 김매는 것이 가장 좋다. 6월 이내에 3번 김매는 것이 그 다음이다. 여기에도 미치지 못하는 것은 가장 나쁘다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○ 봄철에 가뭄이 들면 '''수경'''을 할 것이 아니라, '''건경'''을 해야 한다.{{원주|이 경우에는 오직 '''늦벼'''만 심는다.}}그 방법으로는 [먼저 논을] 간 다음 '''''뇌목'''''{{원주|향명 ''고음파''}}으로 흙덩이를 깨뜨리고, 다시 '''''목작'''''{{원주|향명 ''소흘라''}}으로 [논을] 종횡으로 갈아 평평하게 고른다. '''숙치''' 후, 볍씨 1'''''말'''''에 잘 삭힌 '''거름''' 혹은 '''요회'''를 섞고,{{원주|요회 만드는 법: 외양간 바깥에 웅덩이를 만들어 오줌을 저장한다. '''볏짚''', '''겨''', '''쭉정이''' 따위를 태워 만든 재를 웅덩이에 저장한 오줌과 잘 섞는다.}}'''''족종''''' 방식&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;역주&amp;quot;&amp;gt;왼발 뒤꿈치로 흙을 밟아 누르면서 종자를 뿌리고, 오른발로 흙을 덮어 주는 파종 방식. &amp;quot;[http://encysillok.aks.ac.kr/Contents/index?Contents_id=00000273 건경]&amp;quot;, 『조선왕조실록사전』, 한국학중앙연구원.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;으로 파종한다. [파종한 다음에는] 새를 쫓는다.{{원주|모가 자랄 때까지 한다.}}모가 클 때까지는 물을 대서는 안 된다. 잡초가 자라는 경우에는 가물고 모가 마른 상태이더라도 김매기를 쉬어서는 안 된다.{{원주|옛말에 '호미 머리에 이삭 백 줄기가 달려있다'고 했고, 늙은 농부들도 말하기를 '모는 사람의 공을 알아준다'고 했다.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Korean Translation'''==&lt;br /&gt;
○'''묘종법'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''모내기'''로 재배하는 방법은 물이 있는 논을 갈되 비록 가물어도 마르지 않는 곳이어야 한다. '''2월 하순'''부터 '''3월 상순'''까지 사이에 갈 수 있으며 논마다 10분의 1은 모를 기르고 나머지 10분의 9는 모를 심도록 헤아린다.{{원주|모를 뽑고 나면 못자리에도 아울러 모를 심는다.}}먼저 못자리로 할 곳을 갈아 방법대로 잘 다스리고 물을 뺀 다음 '''연한 버들가지'''를 잘게 썰어서 두껍게 편 다음 발로 밟아 넣고 흙을 볕에 쪼여 말린 후에 물을 댄다. 우선 '''볍씨'''를 3일 동안 담갔다가 걸러내서 '''''호천'''''{{원주|향명 ''빈섬''}}에 넣고, 하루 뒤에 파종한 다음 '''''판로'''''{{원주|향명 ''번지''}}로 볍씨를 덮는다. 모가 한 줌 이상 자라서 옮겨 심을 수 있게 되면, 먼저 모를 심을 곳을 간 다음에 '''갈잎'''{{원주|향명 가을초}}이나 '''소똥․말똥'''을 깐다. 모를 옮겨 심을 무렵에 다시 농법대로 갈되 흙이 아주 부드럽게 되도록 잘 간다. [옮겨 심는] 1'''''과''''' 당 4~5모가 넘지 않도록 하고, 흙에 착근되지 못했을 경우에는 너무 깊게 물을 대서는 안 된다.{{원주|이 방법은 제초에는 편리하지만, 만의 하나 크게 가물면 실수하게 되니, 농가의 위기이다.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''메벼 재배법'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
벼의 품종은 아주 많지만 대체로 모두 동일하다. 하지만 특별한 품종이 있으니 '''''한도'''''{{원주|향명 ''메벼''}}라고 부른다. 높은 지대의 토지나 찬물 기운이 있는 토지에도 두루 적합하다. 하지만 토지가 너무 건조하면 자라지 않는다. '''2 월 상순'''에 갈고, 다시 '''3 월 상순'''에서 '''중순''' 사이에 갈아서 '''이랑'''을 만든다. '''발로 밟으면서 파종'''한 후에는 '''이랑''' 등을 밟아 단단하게 만든다. 김을 맬 때는 모 사이의 흙을 제거하여 흙으로 [모를] 덮지 않도록 한다.만약 척박하다면 [볍씨를] 잘 삭힌 '''거름''' 혹은 '''뇨회'''와 섞어 심는다.&lt;br /&gt;
또는 '''''한도''''' 2 '''푼'''․'''찰기장''' 2 '''푼'''․'''팥''' 1 '''푼'''을 섞어서 심는다.{{원주|대체로 여러 종자를 섞어서 심는 방식은 해에 따라 홍수․가뭄이 있고 '''9곡'''도 해에 따라 적합한 것이 다르므로, 혼합하여 심게 되면 농사를 완전히 망치지는 않게 되기 때문이다.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''English Translation'''==&lt;br /&gt;
'''Cultivating Rice {{Original Commentary|Including Upland Rice}}'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There are '''early-sowing varieties''' and '''late-sowing varieties'''. As for cultivation and sowing methods, there are '''wet farming''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''musalmi''}}, '''dry farming''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''mareunsami''}}, and '''transplanting seedlings''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''myojong''}}. The weeding method is generally the same for all varieties. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○ For the '''early-sowing variety''', after the autumn harvest, choose the most fertile '''wet fields''' with an accessible source of water {{Original Commentary|In general, '''terraced paddy field'''s should be irrigated from above and drained below. The best (fields) are those that can be irrigated during droughts and drained during the rain. The second (best) are those where still water collects on the '''low ground'''. However, long rains may make the water sludgy and turbid, causing the seedlings to rot. The worst are those on '''high ground''' where farming is only possible when it rains.}} and plow them. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In the winter months, apply '''manure''' (onto the fields). {{Original Commentary|When the (spring) thaw occurs in the first (lunar) month, plow the fields and apply '''manure''', or alternatively, bring in new soil.}} Then, plow again in the first week&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;A lunar month has three weeks of 10 days each.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; of the second month. With a '''''mokchak''''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''soheulla''}}, harrow the soil lengthwise and breadthwise. Then again, with a '''''cheolchipa''''' {{Original Commentary|commonly called ''susueum''}}, break up the clods of soil to make it '''ready''' (for planting).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Before sowing the seeds, soak them in water.  After three days, take them out to drain, put them inside a '''''hocheon''''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''binseom'' or ''gongseom''}}, and store in a '''warm place'''. Frequently open (the ''hocheon'')] and check (the seeds), making sure they do not become damp and smelly. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
When the sprouts become two '''''bun''''' &amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Two ''bun'' is approx. 0.4 cm&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; long, place them evenly in the '''paddies''' and cover the them (with soil) using a '''''pallo''''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''beonji''}} or a '''''paro''''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''chugae'' or ''milgae''.}} Then, irrigate the fields and keep the birds out (until the seedlings grow). &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
When the seedlings sprout two leaves, drain the water (from the paddy). After completely removing by hand (the tiny weeds) {{Original Commentary|The seedlings are fragile so a '''''homi''''' cannot be used. However, if the water evaporates and the soil firms up, a ''homi'' should be used.}} between the seedlings, irrigate again. {{Original Commentary|Drain the water each time before weeding. Once weeding is complete, irrigate it. While the seedlings are still young and fragile, irrigate lightly, and when the seedlings are mature and strong, irrigate heavily.}} If the field has a constant source of water such as a stream, so that it does not dry out even in drought, then every time weeding is completed, drain the water, and expose the base (of the plant) to the sunlight. After two days, restart irrigation {{Original Commentary|so (the plants) withstand wind and drought}}. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
When the seedlings grow to about half a '''''cheok'''''&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Half a ''cheok'' is approx. 10 cm&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;, weed again with a '''''homi''''' {{Original Commentary|The seedlings are firmly rooted, so using a ''homi'' is allowed.}} When weeding, use your hands to gently rub the soil surface between the seedlings. Weed up to three or four times. {{Original Commentary|The growth of the plants depends solely on weeding. Moreover, the '''early-sowing variety''' grows quickly by nature, so the slightest delay in weeding is not allowed.}} When the plant is about to ripen, drain the water. {{Original Commentary|If the water remains, it delays the ripening.}} &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The grain of '''early-sowing varieties''' is prone to drop (from the ear), so harvest it as soon as it is ripe.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○ For '''wet farming''' of '''late-sowing varieties''': &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Plow the fields when the (spring) thaw occurs in the '''first (lunar) month'''. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
As for applying manure and bringing in new soil, follow the same method prescribed for the '''early-sowing varieties'''. {{Original Commentary|If new soil is brought in this year, then apply '''manure''' or spread '''weeds''' the following year, and alternate them.}} If the soil is muddy or crumbly, or the subsoil water is cold, then bring in new soil or sod. If the soil is infertile and barren, then spread '''cattle and horse manure''' and '''oak stems with leaves''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is  ''gaeulcho''.}}. '''Night soil''' and '''silkworm droppings''' are also good. {{Original Commentary|But they are difficult to procure in large amounts.}} &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
During the period between the '''first week&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;A lunar month has three weeks of 10 days each.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; of the third month''' and  '''''Mangjong'''''&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;''Mangjong'', or &amp;quot;Grain in Ear&amp;quot;, refers to a solar term which usually falls at the beginning of the fifth lunar month.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;, plow the fields again (and sow the seeds). {{Original Commentary|In general, plowing and sowing after ''Mangjong'' brings poor harvest.}} &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Soaking seeds, sowing seeds, covering seeds, irrigating water, and weeding methods are all the same as for '''early-sowing varieties'''. {{Original Commentary|Weeding three times by the '''middle of the sixth month''' is best. Weeding three times by the (end of) the sixth month is the second best. Not doing even this amount of weeding is the worst.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○ If a drought occurs in spring, (thus making) it impossible to practice '''wet farming''', one should practice '''dry farming'''. {{Original Commentary|(In this case), sow only the '''late-sowing varieties'''.}} &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The method is as follows: &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
After plowing, break the clods with '''''noemok''''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''goeumpa''}}, and harrow the fields with a '''''mokjak'''''. {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''soheulla''.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
After preparing the soil in this way, mix one '''''mal''''' &amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;One ''mal is approx. 18 liters&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; of rice with one '''''seom''''' &amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;One ''seom'' is approx. 180 liters&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; of '''aged manure''' or a '''mixture of urine and ash'''. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Original Commentary|'''Urine and ash fertilizer''' making method: Dig a small '''pool''' outside the '''cow stable''' to store '''urine'''. Burn '''stalks''', '''bran''', '''chaff''' and the like into ashes, and mix it with the urine from the '''pool''')}} &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Plant (the seeds) using the '''foot sowing''' method.&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;In the &amp;quot;foot sowing&amp;quot; method, a farmer leaves a depressed hole in the soil, using his/her left heel, to throw a seed into the hole. Then, with right foot, dirt is thrown back into the hole to cover the seed.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; (After sowing,) (continue to) keep the birds away {{Original Commentary|until the seedlings start to grow}}. Do not irrigate the field until the seedlings grow enough. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If weeds grow, do not cease weeding (with a ''homi''), even if there is a drought and the seedlings wither. {{Original Commentary|There is an old saying that &amp;quot;A hundred rice plants depend on the head of a ''homi''.&amp;quot; Old farmers also said, &amp;quot;Seedlings appreciate a man's efforts (at weeding).&amp;quot;}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○ Transplanting Method&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Select '''wet fields''' where the seedlings will not become dry, even in the case of a drought. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Plowing should be done between the last week&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;A lunar month has three weeks of 10 days each.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; of the second (lunar) month and the first week of the third month. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Each '''paddy field''' is divided into ten parts: One part is for raising the seedlings and the other nine parts are for (transplanting) the seedlings. {{Original Commentary|When the seedlings have completely been picked (and transplanted into the other nine parts), also transplant them into the part where the seedlings were raised.}} &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
First, plow the section where the seedlings will be grown according to the plowing method (mentioned previously), make the soil soft and levelled, and drain the water. Chop the soft ends of '''willow branches'''. Spread them thickly all over the fields and then stamp them underfoot. Let the soil dry completely under the sun and (then) irrigate the field. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
First, soak the seeds for three days. Then, put them in a '''''hocheon''''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''binseom''}} to drain. After one day, plant the seeds in the soil and cover them (with soil) using a  '''''panno'''''. {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''beonji''.) &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
When the seedlings have grown taller than the height of one's fist, they are able to be transplanted, First, plow the place where the seedlings will be transplanted. Then, spread the '''oak branches with leaves''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''gaeulcho''}} or '''cow or horse manure'''. When it is time to transplant the seedlings, plow again according to the method (mentioned previously) to make the soil loose and level, making it extremely '''soft'''. Plant four or five seedlings for each transplantation. Since they have not yet taken root, do not irrigate them deeply. {{Original Commentary|This method is convenient for weeding, in case of severe drought the crops will be lost, which is a matter of risk for the farm.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○ Upland Rice Method&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Though there are many varieties of rice, in general they are all alike. (However,) there is a special variety called '''''hando'''''. {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''mebyeo''.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Highlands and locations with sources of cold water are all appropriate (for this variety). However, if the soil is too dry, then this variety cannot grow. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Plow the soil in the first week&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;A lunar month has three weeks of 10 days each.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; of the second (lunar) month, then plow again between the first and second week of the third month. Then, make ridges.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
After finishing sowing by using the '''foot sowing''' method, stamp down the ridges, making them hard. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
When weeding, remove the soil around the sprouts to prevent them from being covered by soil. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If the soil is barren, mix (the seeds) with '''aged manure''' or '''ash and urine fertilizer''' and sow them. Alternatively, mix two parts '''''hando''''' seeds with two parts '''barnyard grass''' seeds and one part '''red beans''' and sow them. In general, this technique of mixing seeds and sowing them is (to prevent the loss of crops even in) years of flood or drought. As which of the '''nine grains''' will be appropriate for the following year's (weather conditions) differs, mixing seeds and sowing them helps prevent a total loss.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Glossary'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Footnote'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Further Reading'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:농사직설]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Jeeeun</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://dh.aks.ac.kr/~classics/wiki/index.php?title=NJ2018_Cultivating_Rice&amp;diff=2801</id>
		<title>NJ2018 Cultivating Rice</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://dh.aks.ac.kr/~classics/wiki/index.php?title=NJ2018_Cultivating_Rice&amp;diff=2801"/>
				<updated>2018-06-13T02:17:46Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Jeeeun: /* Korean Translation */&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;div&gt;{{NJ2018 TOC}}&lt;br /&gt;
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=='''Original Script'''==&lt;br /&gt;
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|種稻 {{원주|附 旱稻}}&lt;br /&gt;
稻種有早有晩。 耕種法有水耕【鄕名: 水沙彌】有乾耕【鄕名: 乾沙彌】, 又有揷種【鄕名: 苗種】。 除草之法, 則大抵皆同。&lt;br /&gt;
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○早稻:&lt;br /&gt;
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秋收後, 擇連水源肥膏水田,【凡水田, 上可以引水, 下可以決去。 旱則灌之, 雨則洩之者, 爲上。 洿下渟水處, 次之, 然久雨泥渾, 則苗腐。 高處須雨而耕者, 斯爲下矣。】 耕之。&lt;br /&gt;
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冬月入糞。【正月氷解, 耕之入糞。或入新土亦得。】&lt;br /&gt;
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二月上旬又耕之。 以木斫【鄕名: 所訖羅】縱橫摩平, 復以鐵齒擺【鄕名: 手愁音】打破土塊令熟。&lt;br /&gt;
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先以稻種漬水, 經三日漉出, 納蒿篅中【鄕名: 空石】, 置溫處。 頻頻開視, 勿致鬱浥。&lt;br /&gt;
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芽長二分, 均撒水田中, 以板撈【鄕名: 翻地】或把撈【鄕名: 推介】覆種。 灌水驅鳥。【以苗生爲限】&lt;br /&gt;
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苗生二葉, 則去水, 以手耘。【苗弱, 不可用鋤。 然水渴土强, 則當用鋤。】&lt;br /&gt;
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去苗間細草, 訖又灌水。【每去水而耘, 耘訖灌之。 苗弱時宜淺, 苗强時宜深。】&lt;br /&gt;
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如川水連通, 雖旱不渴處, 則每耘訖決去水, 曝根二日, 後還灌水。【耐風與旱】&lt;br /&gt;
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苗長半尺許, 又耘以鋤。【苗强, 可以用鋤。】&lt;br /&gt;
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耘時, 以手挼軟苗間土面。 耘至三四度,【禾穀成長, 唯賴鋤功。 且旱稻性速, 不可小緩。】 將熟去水。【有水, 則熟遲。】&lt;br /&gt;
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早稻善零, 隨熟隨刈。&lt;br /&gt;
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=='''Korean Translation'''==&lt;br /&gt;
'''벼 심고 키우기 {{원주|한도를 덧붙임}}'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
벼의 품종으로는 일찍 파종하는 '''올벼'''가 있고 늦게 파종하는 '''늦벼'''가 있다. 재배법으로는 '''수경법'''{{원주|향명 ''수사미''}}이 있고, '''건경법'''{{원주|향명 ''건사미''}}이 있고, 또한 '''삽종법'''{{원주|향명 묘종}}이 있다.{{원주|제초하는 방법은 대개 동일하다.}}&lt;br /&gt;
○ 올벼는 [재배하려면] 가을에 수확한 후에, 수원과 이어져 있는 비옥한 논{{원주|무릇 논은 위쪽에서는 물을 끌어올 수 있어야 하고, 아래쪽에서는 물을 빼낼 수 있어야 한다. 가물면 물을 대고, 비가 오면 물을 빼내는 논이 가장 좋다. 웅덩이에 물이 고이는 논이 그 다음이다. 그런데 오랜 비에 [논이] 진흙뻘이 되면 모가 썩는다. 높은 곳에 위치하면서 비만 기다려 농사짓는 논, 이것은 가장 나쁘다.}}을 골라서 간다. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
겨울철에 거름을 투입하고{{원주|정월에 얼음이 녹을 때 갈이를 하고 거름을 투입하거나 혹은 새로운 흙을 투입하는 것도 나쁘지는 않다.}}2월 상순에 다시 한 번 더 갈이를 한다. '''''목작'''''{{원주|향명 ''소흘라''}}로 [논을] 종횡으로 갈아 평평하게 만든 후, 다시 '''''철치파'''''{{원주|향명 ''수수음''}}로 흙덩이를 깨뜨려 부드럽게 만든다. &lt;br /&gt;
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파종에 앞서 '''볍씨'''를 물에 담가 3일이 지난 후에 건져 내어 ''''호천''''{{원주|향명 ''빈섬''}}에 담아 따뜻한 곳에 보관하여 둔다. &lt;br /&gt;
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자주 열어 보아 [벼 종자가] 눅눅해지지 않도록 한다. &lt;br /&gt;
싹의 길이가 2'''푼'''(약 0.4cm) 쯤 자라면 논에다가 골고루 뿌리고 ''''판로''''{{원주|향명 ''번지''}}혹은 ''''파로''''로{{원주|향명 ''밀개''}}씨를 덮어주고 난 뒤에 물을 공급하고 [묘가 자랄 동안에 한해서] 새들이 접근하지 못하도록 한다.&lt;br /&gt;
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모에서 잎이 두 개가 나오면 물을 뺀다. 손으로 김을 매면서{{원주|모가 어리고 약하기 때문에 철로 된 ''호미''를 사용할 수 없지만 물이 말라 흙이 굳어진 상태에서는 마땅히 ''호미''를 써야 한다.}}모와 모 사이의 가느다란 잡초를 뽑고 다시 물을 투입한다. {{원주|매번 물을 빼고 김을 매고 다시 물을 공급하는데 묘가 약할 때에는 물을 얕게, 강할 때에는 깊게 공급한다.}}개천과 같이 물을 연속적으로 공급할 수 있어서 가뭄이 들어도 물이 마르지 않는 곳은 김을 맨 후에 물을 빼고 뿌리까지 햇볕을 쬘 수 있도록 하고 2일 후에 다시 물을 관개한다. {{원주|바람과 가뭄에 강하게 견디어 낼 수 있도록 하기 위함이다.}}&lt;br /&gt;
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모의 길이가 반 '''자'''쯤 될 정도로 자라면 또 김을 매는데 ''''호미''''를 가지고 한다.{{원주|모가 이미 강해져서 호미를 사용해도 되기 때문이다.}}김을 맬 때는 모 사이의 흙을 손으로 만져서 부드럽게 만들고, 김매기는 3~4번 하며 [벼의 성장은] 오직 김매기에 달려 있다.&lt;br /&gt;
게다가 올벼의 성질은 빨리 자라므로 [김매기를] 조금이라도 늦춰서는 안 된다. [벼가] 익을 무렵이 되면 물을 뺀다.{{원주|물이 있으면 [벼가] 익는 게 지체된다.}}벼는 잘 떨어지므로 익는 즉시 벤다.&lt;br /&gt;
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○늦벼의 수경&lt;br /&gt;
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정월에 얼음이 녹을 때 간다. 거름을 넣거나 흙을 넣는 것은 올벼 재배법과 동일하다. 올해 흙을 넣었다면 내년에는 거름을 넣거나 잡초를 넣는 방식으로 교대한다. 흙이 진흙투성이거나 푸석푸석하거나 찬물 기운이 있다면 완전히 새 흙이나 사토를 채워 넣는다. [토질이] 척박하다면 소똥, 말똥 및 가지에 달린 갈잎향명 가을초 을 깔아주는데, 인분, 누에똥잠사도 좋다.다만 많이 구하는 것이 어렵다. 3월 상순에서 망종 사이에 다시 간다. 대체로 망종보다 늦게 갈고 파종하면 [수확이] 부실하다. 종자 담그기, 파종하기, 종자 덮기, 물대기, 김매기 방법은 모두 올벼 재배법과 동일하다.6월 보름 이전에 3번 김매는 것이 가장 좋다. 6월 이내에 3번 김매는 것이 그 다음이다. 여기에도 미치지 못하는 것은 가장 나쁘다.&lt;br /&gt;
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○ 봄철에 가뭄이 들면 '''수경'''을 할 것이 아니라, '''건경'''을 해야 한다.{{원주|이 경우에는 오직 '''늦벼'''만 심는다.}}그 방법으로는 [먼저 논을] 간 다음 '''''뇌목'''''{{원주|향명 ''고음파''}}으로 흙덩이를 깨뜨리고, 다시 '''''목작'''''{{원주|향명 ''소흘라''}}으로 [논을] 종횡으로 갈아 평평하게 고른다. '''숙치''' 후, 볍씨 1'''''말'''''에 잘 삭힌 '''거름''' 혹은 '''요회'''를 섞고,{{원주|요회 만드는 법: 외양간 바깥에 웅덩이를 만들어 오줌을 저장한다. '''볏짚''', '''겨''', '''쭉정이''' 따위를 태워 만든 재를 웅덩이에 저장한 오줌과 잘 섞는다.}}'''''족종''''' 방식&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;역주&amp;quot;&amp;gt;왼발 뒤꿈치로 흙을 밟아 누르면서 종자를 뿌리고, 오른발로 흙을 덮어 주는 파종 방식. &amp;quot;[http://encysillok.aks.ac.kr/Contents/index?Contents_id=00000273 건경]&amp;quot;, 『조선왕조실록사전』, 한국학중앙연구원.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;으로 파종한다. [파종한 다음에는] 새를 쫓는다.{{원주|모가 자랄 때까지 한다.}}모가 클 때까지는 물을 대서는 안 된다. 잡초가 자라는 경우에는 가물고 모가 마른 상태이더라도 김매기를 쉬어서는 안 된다.{{원주|옛말에 '호미 머리에 이삭 백 줄기가 달려있다'고 했고, 늙은 농부들도 말하기를 '모는 사람의 공을 알아준다'고 했다.}}&lt;br /&gt;
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=='''Korean Translation'''==&lt;br /&gt;
○'''묘종법'''&lt;br /&gt;
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'''모내기'''로 재배하는 방법은 물이 있는 논을 갈되 비록 가물어도 마르지 않는 곳이어야 한다. '''2월 하순'''부터 '''3월 상순'''까지 사이에 갈 수 있으며 논마다 10분의 1은 모를 기르고 나머지 10분의 9는 모를 심도록 헤아린다.{{원주|모를 뽑고 나면 못자리에도 아울러 모를 심는다.}}먼저 못자리로 할 곳을 갈아 방법대로 잘 다스리고 물을 뺀 다음 '''연한 버들가지'''를 잘게 썰어서 두껍게 편 다음 발로 밟아 넣고 흙을 볕에 쪼여 말린 후에 물을 댄다. 우선 '''볍씨'''를 3일 동안 담갔다가 걸러내서 '''''호천'''''{{원주|향명 ''빈섬''}}에 넣고, 하루 뒤에 파종한 다음 '''''판로'''''{{원주|향명 ''번지''}}로 볍씨를 덮는다. 모가 한 줌 이상 자라서 옮겨 심을 수 있게 되면, 먼저 모를 심을 곳을 간 다음에 '''갈잎'''{{원주|향명 가을초}}이나 '''소똥․말똥'''을 깐다. 모를 옮겨 심을 무렵에 다시 농법대로 갈되 흙이 아주 부드럽게 되도록 잘 간다. [옮겨 심는] 1'''''과''''' 당 4~5모가 넘지 않도록 하고, 흙에 착근되지 못했을 경우에는 너무 깊게 물을 대서는 안 된다.{{원주|이 방법은 제초에는 편리하지만, 만의 하나 크게 가물면 실수하게 되니, 농가의 위기이다.}}&lt;br /&gt;
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'''메벼 재배법'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
벼의 품종은 아주 많지만 대체로 모두 동일하다. 하지만 특별한 품종이 있으니 '''''한도'''''{{원주|향명 ''메벼''}}라고 부른다. 높은 지대의 토지나 찬물 기운이 있는 토지에도 두루 적합하다. 하지만 토지가 너무 건조하면 자라지 않는다. '''2 월 상순'''에 갈고, 다시 '''3 월 상순'''에서 '''중순''' 사이에 갈아서 '''이랑'''을 만든다. '''발로 밟으면서 파종'''한 후에는 '''이랑''' 등을 밟아 단단하게 만든다. 김을 맬 때는 모 사이의 흙을 제거하여 흙으로 [모를] 덮지 않도록 한다.만약 척박하다면 [볍씨를] 잘 삭힌 '''거름''' 혹은 '''뇨회'''와 섞어 심는다.&lt;br /&gt;
또는 '''''한도''''' 2 '''푼'''․'''찰기장''' 2 '''푼'''․'''팥''' 1 '''푼'''을 섞어서 심는다.{{원주|대체로 여러 종자를 섞어서 심는 방식은 해에 따라 홍수․가뭄이 있고 '''9곡'''도 해에 따라 적합한 것이 다르므로, 혼합하여 심게 되면 농사를 완전히 망치지는 않게 되기 때문이다.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''English Translation'''==&lt;br /&gt;
'''Cultivating Rice {{Original Commentary|Including Upland Rice}}'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There are '''early-sowing varieties''' and '''late-sowing varieties'''. As for cultivation and sowing methods, there are '''wet farming''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''musalmi''}}, '''dry farming''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''mareunsami''}}, and '''transplanting seedlings''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''myojong''}}. The weeding method is generally the same for all varieties. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○ For the '''early-sowing variety''', after the autumn harvest, choose the most fertile '''wet fields''' with an accessible source of water {{Original Commentary|In general, '''terraced paddy field'''s should be irrigated from above and drained below. The best (fields) are those that can be irrigated during droughts and drained during the rain. The second (best) are those where still water collects on the '''low ground'''. However, long rains may make the water sludgy and turbid, causing the seedlings to rot. The worst are those on '''high ground''' where farming is only possible when it rains.}} and plow them. &lt;br /&gt;
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In the winter months, apply '''manure''' (onto the fields). {{Original Commentary|When the (spring) thaw occurs in the first (lunar) month, plow the fields and apply '''manure''', or alternatively, bring in new soil.}} Then, plow again in the first week&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;A lunar month has three weeks of 10 days each.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; of the second month. With a '''''mokchak''''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''soheulla''}}, harrow the soil lengthwise and breadthwise. Then again, with a '''''cheolchipa''''' {{Original Commentary|commonly called ''susueum''}}, break up the clods of soil to make it '''ready''' (for planting).&lt;br /&gt;
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Before sowing the seeds, soak them in water.  After three days, take them out to drain, put them inside a '''''hocheon''''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''binseom'' or ''gongseom''}}, and store in a '''warm place'''. Frequently open (the ''hocheon'')] and check (the seeds), making sure they do not become damp and smelly. &lt;br /&gt;
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When the sprouts become two '''''bun''''' &amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Two ''bun'' is approx. 0.4 cm&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; long, place them evenly in the '''paddies''' and cover the them (with soil) using a '''''pallo''''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''beonji''}} or a '''''paro''''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''chugae'' or ''milgae''.}} Then, irrigate the fields and keep the birds out (until the seedlings grow). &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
When the seedlings sprout two leaves, drain the water (from the paddy). After completely removing by hand (the tiny weeds) {{Original Commentary|The seedlings are fragile so a '''''homi''''' cannot be used. However, if the water evaporates and the soil firms up, a ''homi'' should be used.}} between the seedlings, irrigate again. {{Original Commentary|Drain the water each time before weeding. Once weeding is complete, irrigate it. While the seedlings are still young and fragile, irrigate lightly, and when the seedlings are mature and strong, irrigate heavily.}} If the field has a constant source of water such as a stream, so that it does not dry out even in drought, then every time weeding is completed, drain the water, and expose the base (of the plant) to the sunlight. After two days, restart irrigation {{Original Commentary|so (the plants) withstand wind and drought}}. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
When the seedlings grow to about half a '''''cheok'''''&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Half a ''cheok'' is approx. 10 cm&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;, weed again with a '''''homi''''' {{Original Commentary|The seedlings are firmly rooted, so using a ''homi'' is allowed.}} When weeding, use your hands to gently rub the soil surface between the seedlings. Weed up to three or four times. {{Original Commentary|The growth of the plants depends solely on weeding. Moreover, the '''early-sowing variety''' grows quickly by nature, so the slightest delay in weeding is not allowed.}} When the plant is about to ripen, drain the water. {{Original Commentary|If the water remains, it delays the ripening.}} &lt;br /&gt;
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The grain of '''early-sowing varieties''' is prone to drop (from the ear), so harvest it as soon as it is ripe.&lt;br /&gt;
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○ For '''wet farming''' of '''late-sowing varieties''': &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Plow the fields when the (spring) thaw occurs in the '''first (lunar) month'''. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
As for applying manure and bringing in new soil, follow the same method prescribed for the '''early-sowing varieties'''. {{Original Commentary|If new soil is brought in this year, then apply '''manure''' or spread '''weeds''' the following year, and alternate them.}} If the soil is muddy or crumbly, or the subsoil water is cold, then bring in new soil or sod. If the soil is infertile and barren, then spread '''cattle and horse manure''' and '''oak stems with leaves''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is  ''gaeulcho''.}}. '''Night soil''' and '''silkworm droppings''' are also good. {{Original Commentary|But they are difficult to procure in large amounts.}} &lt;br /&gt;
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During the period between the '''first week&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;A lunar month has three weeks of 10 days each.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; of the third month''' and  '''''Mangjong'''''&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;''Mangjong'', or &amp;quot;Grain in Ear&amp;quot;, refers to a solar term which usually falls at the beginning of the fifth lunar month.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;, plow the fields again (and sow the seeds). {{Original Commentary|In general, plowing and sowing after ''Mangjong'' brings poor harvest.}} &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Soaking seeds, sowing seeds, covering seeds, irrigating water, and weeding methods are all the same as for '''early-sowing varieties'''. {{Original Commentary|Weeding three times by the '''middle of the sixth month''' is best. Weeding three times by the (end of) the sixth month is the second best. Not doing even this amount of weeding is the worst.}}&lt;br /&gt;
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○ If a drought occurs in spring, (thus making) it impossible to practice '''wet farming''', one should practice '''dry farming'''. {{Original Commentary|(In this case), sow only the '''late-sowing varieties'''.}} &lt;br /&gt;
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The method is as follows: &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
After plowing, break the clods with '''''noemok''''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''goeumpa''}}, and harrow the fields with a '''''mokjak'''''. {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''soheulla''.}}&lt;br /&gt;
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After preparing the soil in this way, mix one '''''mal''''' &amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;One ''mal is approx. 18 liters&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; of rice with one '''''seom''''' &amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;One ''seom'' is approx. 180 liters&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; of '''aged manure''' or a '''mixture of urine and ash'''. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Original Commentary|'''Urine and ash fertilizer''' making method: Dig a small '''pool''' outside the '''cow stable''' to store '''urine'''. Burn '''stalks''', '''bran''', '''chaff''' and the like into ashes, and mix it with the urine from the '''pool''')}} &lt;br /&gt;
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Plant (the seeds) using the '''foot sowing''' method.&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;In the &amp;quot;foot sowing&amp;quot; method, a farmer leaves a depressed hole in the soil, using his/her left heel, to throw a seed into the hole. Then, with right foot, dirt is thrown back into the hole to cover the seed.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; (After sowing,) (continue to) keep the birds away {{Original Commentary|until the seedlings start to grow}}. Do not irrigate the field until the seedlings grow enough. &lt;br /&gt;
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If weeds grow, do not cease weeding (with a ''homi''), even if there is a drought and the seedlings wither. {{Original Commentary|There is an old saying that &amp;quot;A hundred rice plants depend on the head of a ''homi''.&amp;quot; Old farmers also said, &amp;quot;Seedlings appreciate a man's efforts (at weeding).&amp;quot;}}&lt;br /&gt;
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○ Transplanting Method&lt;br /&gt;
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Select '''wet fields''' where the seedlings will not become dry, even in the case of a drought. &lt;br /&gt;
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Plowing should be done between the last week&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;A lunar month has three weeks of 10 days each.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; of the second (lunar) month and the first week of the third month. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Each '''paddy field''' is divided into ten parts: One part is for raising the seedlings and the other nine parts are for (transplanting) the seedlings. {{Original Commentary|When the seedlings have completely been picked (and transplanted into the other nine parts), also transplant them into the part where the seedlings were raised.}} &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
First, plow the section where the seedlings will be grown according to the plowing method (mentioned previously), make the soil soft and levelled, and drain the water. Chop the soft ends of '''willow branches'''. Spread them thickly all over the fields and then stamp them underfoot. Let the soil dry completely under the sun and (then) irrigate the field. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
First, soak the seeds for three days. Then, put them in a '''''hocheon''''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''binseom''}} to drain. After one day, plant the seeds in the soil and cover them (with soil) using a  '''''panno'''''. {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''beonji''.) &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
When the seedlings have grown taller than the height of one's fist, they are able to be transplanted, First, plow the place where the seedlings will be transplanted. Then, spread the '''oak branches with leaves''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''gaeulcho''}} or '''cow or horse manure'''. When it is time to transplant the seedlings, plow again according to the method (mentioned previously) to make the soil loose and level, making it extremely '''soft'''. Plant four or five seedlings for each transplantation. Since they have not yet taken root, do not irrigate them deeply. {{Original Commentary|This method is convenient for weeding, in case of severe drought the crops will be lost, which is a matter of risk for the farm.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○ Upland Rice Method&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Though there are many varieties of rice, in general they are all alike. (However,) there is a special variety called '''''hando'''''. {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''mebyeo''.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Highlands and locations with sources of cold water are all appropriate (for this variety). However, if the soil is too dry, then this variety cannot grow. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Plow the soil in the first week&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;A lunar month has three weeks of 10 days each.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; of the second (lunar) month, then plow again between the first and second week of the third month. Then, make ridges.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
After finishing sowing by using the '''foot sowing''' method, stamp down the ridges, making them hard. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
When weeding, remove the soil around the sprouts to prevent them from being covered by soil. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If the soil is barren, mix (the seeds) with '''aged manure''' or '''ash and urine fertilizer''' and sow them. Alternatively, mix two parts '''''hando''''' seeds with two parts '''barnyard grass''' seeds and one part '''red beans''' and sow them. In general, this technique of mixing seeds and sowing them is (to prevent the loss of crops even in) years of flood or drought. As which of the '''nine grains''' will be appropriate for the following year's (weather conditions) differs, mixing seeds and sowing them helps prevent a total loss.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Glossary'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Footnote'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Further Reading'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:농사직설]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Jeeeun</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://dh.aks.ac.kr/~classics/wiki/index.php?title=NJ2018_Cultivating_Rice_-_Upland_Rice&amp;diff=2800</id>
		<title>NJ2018 Cultivating Rice - Upland Rice</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://dh.aks.ac.kr/~classics/wiki/index.php?title=NJ2018_Cultivating_Rice_-_Upland_Rice&amp;diff=2800"/>
				<updated>2018-06-13T02:17:15Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Jeeeun: /* Korean Translation */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{NJ2018 TOC}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Original Script'''==&lt;br /&gt;
{|class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:70%&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;width:80%&amp;quot; | Text with Punctuation || style=&amp;quot;width:20%&amp;quot; | Text Image&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|○〔種山稻法〕:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
稻種甚多。大抵皆同, 別有一種, 曰旱稻【鄕名: 山稻】。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
徧宜於高地及水冷處, 然土大燥則不成。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
二月上旬耕之。 三月上旬至中旬, 又耕之, 作畝足種。訖踏畝背令堅。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
耘時, 去苗間土勿擁。地若瘠薄, 和熟糞或尿灰,種之。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
或旱稻二分、稷二分、小豆一分, 相和而種。【大抵雜種之術, 以歲有水旱。 九穀隨歲異宜, 故交種, 則不至全失。】。&lt;br /&gt;
||&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;tr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;td align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href=&amp;quot;http://digerati.aks.ac.kr/DhLab/2018/103/jpg/page-10-1.jpg&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;img src=&amp;quot;http://digerati.aks.ac.kr/DhLab/2018/103/thumb/page-14-1_xs.jpg&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;10&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/td&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;td align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href=&amp;quot;http://digerati.aks.ac.kr/DhLab/2018/103/jpg/page-11-1.jpg&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;img src=&amp;quot;http://digerati.aks.ac.kr/DhLab/2018/103/thumb/page-15-1_xs.jpg&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;11&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/td&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;/center&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/html&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Korean Translation'''==&lt;br /&gt;
'''메벼 재배법'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
벼의 품종은 아주 많지만 대체로 모두 동일하다. 하지만 특별한 품종이 있으니 '''''한도'''''{{원주|향명 ''메벼''}}라고 부른다. 높은 지대의 토지나 찬물 기운이 있는 토지에도 두루 적합하다. 하지만 토지가 너무 건조하면 자라지 않는다. '''2 월 상순'''에 갈고, 다시 '''3 월 상순'''에서 '''중순''' 사이에 갈아서 '''이랑'''을 만든다. '''발로 밟으면서 파종'''한 후에는 '''이랑''' 등을 밟아 단단하게 만든다. 김을 맬 때는 모 사이의 흙을 제거하여 흙으로 [모를] 덮지 않도록 한다.만약 척박하다면 [볍씨를] 잘 삭힌 '''거름''' 혹은 '''뇨회'''와 섞어 심는다.&lt;br /&gt;
또는 '''''한도''''' 2 '''푼'''․'''찰기장''' 2 '''푼'''․'''팥''' 1 '''푼'''을 섞어서 심는다.{{원주|대체로 여러 종자를 섞어서 심는 방식은 해에 따라 홍수․가뭄이 있고 '''9곡'''도 해에 따라 적합한 것이 다르므로, 혼합하여 심게 되면 농사를 완전히 망치지는 않게 되기 때문이다.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''English Translation'''==&lt;br /&gt;
'''Upland Rice Method'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Though there are many varieties of rice, in general they are all alike. (However,) there is a special variety called '''''hando'''''. {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''mebyeo''.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Highlands and locations with sources of cold water are all appropriate (for this variety). However, if the soil is too dry, then this variety cannot grow. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Plow the soil in the first week&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;A lunar month has three weeks of 10 days each.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; of the second (lunar) month, then plow again between the first and second week of the third month. Then, make ridges.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
After finishing sowing by using the '''foot sowing''' method, stamp down the ridges, making them hard. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
When weeding, remove the soil around the sprouts to prevent them from being covered by soil. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If the soil is barren, mix (the seeds) with '''aged manure''' or '''ash and urine fertilizer''' and sow them. Alternatively, mix two parts '''''hando''''' seeds with two parts '''barnyard grass''' seeds and one part '''red beans''' and sow them. In general, this technique of mixing seeds and sowing them is (to prevent the loss of crops even in) years of flood or drought. As which of the '''nine grains''' will be appropriate for the following year's (weather conditions) differs, mixing seeds and sowing them helps prevent a total loss.&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Glossary'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Footnote'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Further Reading'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:농사직설]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Jeeeun</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://dh.aks.ac.kr/~classics/wiki/index.php?title=NJ2018_Cultivating_Rice&amp;diff=2799</id>
		<title>NJ2018 Cultivating Rice</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://dh.aks.ac.kr/~classics/wiki/index.php?title=NJ2018_Cultivating_Rice&amp;diff=2799"/>
				<updated>2018-06-13T02:17:13Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Jeeeun: /* Korean Translation */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{NJ2018 TOC}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Original Script'''==&lt;br /&gt;
{|class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:70%&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;width:80%&amp;quot; | Text with Punctuation || style=&amp;quot;width:20%&amp;quot; | Text Image&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|種稻 {{원주|附 旱稻}}&lt;br /&gt;
稻種有早有晩。 耕種法有水耕【鄕名: 水沙彌】有乾耕【鄕名: 乾沙彌】, 又有揷種【鄕名: 苗種】。 除草之法, 則大抵皆同。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○早稻:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
秋收後, 擇連水源肥膏水田,【凡水田, 上可以引水, 下可以決去。 旱則灌之, 雨則洩之者, 爲上。 洿下渟水處, 次之, 然久雨泥渾, 則苗腐。 高處須雨而耕者, 斯爲下矣。】 耕之。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
冬月入糞。【正月氷解, 耕之入糞。或入新土亦得。】&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
二月上旬又耕之。 以木斫【鄕名: 所訖羅】縱橫摩平, 復以鐵齒擺【鄕名: 手愁音】打破土塊令熟。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
先以稻種漬水, 經三日漉出, 納蒿篅中【鄕名: 空石】, 置溫處。 頻頻開視, 勿致鬱浥。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
芽長二分, 均撒水田中, 以板撈【鄕名: 翻地】或把撈【鄕名: 推介】覆種。 灌水驅鳥。【以苗生爲限】&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
苗生二葉, 則去水, 以手耘。【苗弱, 不可用鋤。 然水渴土强, 則當用鋤。】&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
去苗間細草, 訖又灌水。【每去水而耘, 耘訖灌之。 苗弱時宜淺, 苗强時宜深。】&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
如川水連通, 雖旱不渴處, 則每耘訖決去水, 曝根二日, 後還灌水。【耐風與旱】&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
苗長半尺許, 又耘以鋤。【苗强, 可以用鋤。】&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
耘時, 以手挼軟苗間土面。 耘至三四度,【禾穀成長, 唯賴鋤功。 且旱稻性速, 不可小緩。】 將熟去水。【有水, 則熟遲。】&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
早稻善零, 隨熟隨刈。&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;tr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;td align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href=&amp;quot;http://digerati.aks.ac.kr/DhLab/2018/103/jpg/page-06-1.jpg&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;img src=&amp;quot;http://digerati.aks.ac.kr/DhLab/2018/103/thumb/page-06-1_xs.jpg&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;06&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/td&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;td align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href=&amp;quot;http://digerati.aks.ac.kr/DhLab/2018/103/jpg/page-07-1.jpg&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;img src=&amp;quot;http://digerati.aks.ac.kr/DhLab/2018/103/thumb/page-07-1_xs.jpg&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;07&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/td&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;td align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href=&amp;quot;http://digerati.aks.ac.kr/DhLab/2018/103/jpg/page-08-1.jpg&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;img src=&amp;quot;http://digerati.aks.ac.kr/DhLab/2018/103/thumb/page-08-1_xs.jpg&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;08&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/td&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/tr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/table&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/center&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/html&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
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=='''Korean Translation'''==&lt;br /&gt;
'''벼 심고 키우기 {{원주|한도를 덧붙임}}'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
벼의 품종으로는 일찍 파종하는 '''올벼'''가 있고 늦게 파종하는 '''늦벼'''가 있다. 재배법으로는 '''수경법'''{{원주|향명 ''수사미''}}이 있고, '''건경법'''{{원주|향명 ''건사미''}}이 있고, 또한 '''삽종법'''{{원주|향명 묘종}}이 있다.{{원주|제초하는 방법은 대개 동일하다.}}&lt;br /&gt;
○ 올벼는 [재배하려면] 가을에 수확한 후에, 수원과 이어져 있는 비옥한 논{{원주|무릇 논은 위쪽에서는 물을 끌어올 수 있어야 하고, 아래쪽에서는 물을 빼낼 수 있어야 한다. 가물면 물을 대고, 비가 오면 물을 빼내는 논이 가장 좋다. 웅덩이에 물이 고이는 논이 그 다음이다. 그런데 오랜 비에 [논이] 진흙뻘이 되면 모가 썩는다. 높은 곳에 위치하면서 비만 기다려 농사짓는 논, 이것은 가장 나쁘다.}}을 골라서 간다. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
겨울철에 거름을 투입하고{{원주|정월에 얼음이 녹을 때 갈이를 하고 거름을 투입하거나 혹은 새로운 흙을 투입하는 것도 나쁘지는 않다.}}2월 상순에 다시 한 번 더 갈이를 한다. ''''목작''''{{원주|향명 ''소흘라''}}로 [논을] 종횡으로 갈아 평평하게 만든 후, 다시 ''''철치파''''{{원주|향명 ''수수음''}}로 흙덩이를 깨뜨려 부드럽게 만든다. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
파종에 앞서 '''볍씨'''를 물에 담가 3일이 지난 후에 건져 내어 ''''호천''''{{원주|향명 ''빈섬''}}에 담아 따뜻한 곳에 보관하여 둔다. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
자주 열어 보아 [벼 종자가] 눅눅해지지 않도록 한다. &lt;br /&gt;
싹의 길이가 2'''푼'''(약 0.4cm) 쯤 자라면 논에다가 골고루 뿌리고 ''''판로''''{{원주|향명 ''번지''}}혹은 ''''파로''''로{{원주|향명 ''밀개''}}씨를 덮어주고 난 뒤에 물을 공급하고 [묘가 자랄 동안에 한해서] 새들이 접근하지 못하도록 한다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
모에서 잎이 두 개가 나오면 물을 뺀다. 손으로 김을 매면서{{원주|모가 어리고 약하기 때문에 철로 된 ''호미''를 사용할 수 없지만 물이 말라 흙이 굳어진 상태에서는 마땅히 ''호미''를 써야 한다.}}모와 모 사이의 가느다란 잡초를 뽑고 다시 물을 투입한다. {{원주|매번 물을 빼고 김을 매고 다시 물을 공급하는데 묘가 약할 때에는 물을 얕게, 강할 때에는 깊게 공급한다.}}개천과 같이 물을 연속적으로 공급할 수 있어서 가뭄이 들어도 물이 마르지 않는 곳은 김을 맨 후에 물을 빼고 뿌리까지 햇볕을 쬘 수 있도록 하고 2일 후에 다시 물을 관개한다. {{원주|바람과 가뭄에 강하게 견디어 낼 수 있도록 하기 위함이다.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
모의 길이가 반 '''자'''쯤 될 정도로 자라면 또 김을 매는데 ''''호미''''를 가지고 한다.{{원주|모가 이미 강해져서 호미를 사용해도 되기 때문이다.}}김을 맬 때는 모 사이의 흙을 손으로 만져서 부드럽게 만들고, 김매기는 3~4번 하며 [벼의 성장은] 오직 김매기에 달려 있다.&lt;br /&gt;
게다가 올벼의 성질은 빨리 자라므로 [김매기를] 조금이라도 늦춰서는 안 된다. [벼가] 익을 무렵이 되면 물을 뺀다.{{원주|물이 있으면 [벼가] 익는 게 지체된다.}}벼는 잘 떨어지므로 익는 즉시 벤다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○늦벼의 수경&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
정월에 얼음이 녹을 때 간다. 거름을 넣거나 흙을 넣는 것은 올벼 재배법과 동일하다. 올해 흙을 넣었다면 내년에는 거름을 넣거나 잡초를 넣는 방식으로 교대한다. 흙이 진흙투성이거나 푸석푸석하거나 찬물 기운이 있다면 완전히 새 흙이나 사토를 채워 넣는다. [토질이] 척박하다면 소똥, 말똥 및 가지에 달린 갈잎향명 가을초 을 깔아주는데, 인분, 누에똥잠사도 좋다.다만 많이 구하는 것이 어렵다. 3월 상순에서 망종 사이에 다시 간다. 대체로 망종보다 늦게 갈고 파종하면 [수확이] 부실하다. 종자 담그기, 파종하기, 종자 덮기, 물대기, 김매기 방법은 모두 올벼 재배법과 동일하다.6월 보름 이전에 3번 김매는 것이 가장 좋다. 6월 이내에 3번 김매는 것이 그 다음이다. 여기에도 미치지 못하는 것은 가장 나쁘다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○ 봄철에 가뭄이 들면 '''수경'''을 할 것이 아니라, '''건경'''을 해야 한다.{{원주|이 경우에는 오직 '''늦벼'''만 심는다.}}그 방법으로는 [먼저 논을] 간 다음 '''''뇌목'''''{{원주|향명 ''고음파''}}으로 흙덩이를 깨뜨리고, 다시 '''''목작'''''{{원주|향명 ''소흘라''}}으로 [논을] 종횡으로 갈아 평평하게 고른다. '''숙치''' 후, 볍씨 1'''''말'''''에 잘 삭힌 '''거름''' 혹은 '''요회'''를 섞고,{{원주|요회 만드는 법: 외양간 바깥에 웅덩이를 만들어 오줌을 저장한다. '''볏짚''', '''겨''', '''쭉정이''' 따위를 태워 만든 재를 웅덩이에 저장한 오줌과 잘 섞는다.}}'''''족종''''' 방식&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;역주&amp;quot;&amp;gt;왼발 뒤꿈치로 흙을 밟아 누르면서 종자를 뿌리고, 오른발로 흙을 덮어 주는 파종 방식. &amp;quot;[http://encysillok.aks.ac.kr/Contents/index?Contents_id=00000273 건경]&amp;quot;, 『조선왕조실록사전』, 한국학중앙연구원.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;으로 파종한다. [파종한 다음에는] 새를 쫓는다.{{원주|모가 자랄 때까지 한다.}}모가 클 때까지는 물을 대서는 안 된다. 잡초가 자라는 경우에는 가물고 모가 마른 상태이더라도 김매기를 쉬어서는 안 된다.{{원주|옛말에 '호미 머리에 이삭 백 줄기가 달려있다'고 했고, 늙은 농부들도 말하기를 '모는 사람의 공을 알아준다'고 했다.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Korean Translation'''==&lt;br /&gt;
○'''묘종법'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''모내기'''로 재배하는 방법은 물이 있는 논을 갈되 비록 가물어도 마르지 않는 곳이어야 한다. '''2월 하순'''부터 '''3월 상순'''까지 사이에 갈 수 있으며 논마다 10분의 1은 모를 기르고 나머지 10분의 9는 모를 심도록 헤아린다.{{원주|모를 뽑고 나면 못자리에도 아울러 모를 심는다.}}먼저 못자리로 할 곳을 갈아 방법대로 잘 다스리고 물을 뺀 다음 '''연한 버들가지'''를 잘게 썰어서 두껍게 편 다음 발로 밟아 넣고 흙을 볕에 쪼여 말린 후에 물을 댄다. 우선 '''볍씨'''를 3일 동안 담갔다가 걸러내서 '''''호천'''''{{원주|향명 ''빈섬''}}에 넣고, 하루 뒤에 파종한 다음 '''''판로'''''{{원주|향명 ''번지''}}로 볍씨를 덮는다. 모가 한 줌 이상 자라서 옮겨 심을 수 있게 되면, 먼저 모를 심을 곳을 간 다음에 '''갈잎'''{{원주|향명 가을초}}이나 '''소똥․말똥'''을 깐다. 모를 옮겨 심을 무렵에 다시 농법대로 갈되 흙이 아주 부드럽게 되도록 잘 간다. [옮겨 심는] 1'''''과''''' 당 4~5모가 넘지 않도록 하고, 흙에 착근되지 못했을 경우에는 너무 깊게 물을 대서는 안 된다.{{원주|이 방법은 제초에는 편리하지만, 만의 하나 크게 가물면 실수하게 되니, 농가의 위기이다.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''메벼 재배법'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
벼의 품종은 아주 많지만 대체로 모두 동일하다. 하지만 특별한 품종이 있으니 '''''한도'''''{{원주|향명 ''메벼''}}라고 부른다. 높은 지대의 토지나 찬물 기운이 있는 토지에도 두루 적합하다. 하지만 토지가 너무 건조하면 자라지 않는다. '''2 월 상순'''에 갈고, 다시 '''3 월 상순'''에서 '''중순''' 사이에 갈아서 '''이랑'''을 만든다. '''발로 밟으면서 파종'''한 후에는 '''이랑''' 등을 밟아 단단하게 만든다. 김을 맬 때는 모 사이의 흙을 제거하여 흙으로 [모를] 덮지 않도록 한다.만약 척박하다면 [볍씨를] 잘 삭힌 '''거름''' 혹은 '''뇨회'''와 섞어 심는다.&lt;br /&gt;
또는 '''''한도''''' 2 '''푼'''․'''찰기장''' 2 '''푼'''․'''팥''' 1 '''푼'''을 섞어서 심는다.{{원주|대체로 여러 종자를 섞어서 심는 방식은 해에 따라 홍수․가뭄이 있고 '''9곡'''도 해에 따라 적합한 것이 다르므로, 혼합하여 심게 되면 농사를 완전히 망치지는 않게 되기 때문이다.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''English Translation'''==&lt;br /&gt;
'''Cultivating Rice {{Original Commentary|Including Upland Rice}}'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There are '''early-sowing varieties''' and '''late-sowing varieties'''. As for cultivation and sowing methods, there are '''wet farming''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''musalmi''}}, '''dry farming''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''mareunsami''}}, and '''transplanting seedlings''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''myojong''}}. The weeding method is generally the same for all varieties. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○ For the '''early-sowing variety''', after the autumn harvest, choose the most fertile '''wet fields''' with an accessible source of water {{Original Commentary|In general, '''terraced paddy field'''s should be irrigated from above and drained below. The best (fields) are those that can be irrigated during droughts and drained during the rain. The second (best) are those where still water collects on the '''low ground'''. However, long rains may make the water sludgy and turbid, causing the seedlings to rot. The worst are those on '''high ground''' where farming is only possible when it rains.}} and plow them. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In the winter months, apply '''manure''' (onto the fields). {{Original Commentary|When the (spring) thaw occurs in the first (lunar) month, plow the fields and apply '''manure''', or alternatively, bring in new soil.}} Then, plow again in the first week&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;A lunar month has three weeks of 10 days each.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; of the second month. With a '''''mokchak''''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''soheulla''}}, harrow the soil lengthwise and breadthwise. Then again, with a '''''cheolchipa''''' {{Original Commentary|commonly called ''susueum''}}, break up the clods of soil to make it '''ready''' (for planting).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Before sowing the seeds, soak them in water.  After three days, take them out to drain, put them inside a '''''hocheon''''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''binseom'' or ''gongseom''}}, and store in a '''warm place'''. Frequently open (the ''hocheon'')] and check (the seeds), making sure they do not become damp and smelly. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
When the sprouts become two '''''bun''''' &amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Two ''bun'' is approx. 0.4 cm&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; long, place them evenly in the '''paddies''' and cover the them (with soil) using a '''''pallo''''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''beonji''}} or a '''''paro''''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''chugae'' or ''milgae''.}} Then, irrigate the fields and keep the birds out (until the seedlings grow). &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
When the seedlings sprout two leaves, drain the water (from the paddy). After completely removing by hand (the tiny weeds) {{Original Commentary|The seedlings are fragile so a '''''homi''''' cannot be used. However, if the water evaporates and the soil firms up, a ''homi'' should be used.}} between the seedlings, irrigate again. {{Original Commentary|Drain the water each time before weeding. Once weeding is complete, irrigate it. While the seedlings are still young and fragile, irrigate lightly, and when the seedlings are mature and strong, irrigate heavily.}} If the field has a constant source of water such as a stream, so that it does not dry out even in drought, then every time weeding is completed, drain the water, and expose the base (of the plant) to the sunlight. After two days, restart irrigation {{Original Commentary|so (the plants) withstand wind and drought}}. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
When the seedlings grow to about half a '''''cheok'''''&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Half a ''cheok'' is approx. 10 cm&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;, weed again with a '''''homi''''' {{Original Commentary|The seedlings are firmly rooted, so using a ''homi'' is allowed.}} When weeding, use your hands to gently rub the soil surface between the seedlings. Weed up to three or four times. {{Original Commentary|The growth of the plants depends solely on weeding. Moreover, the '''early-sowing variety''' grows quickly by nature, so the slightest delay in weeding is not allowed.}} When the plant is about to ripen, drain the water. {{Original Commentary|If the water remains, it delays the ripening.}} &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The grain of '''early-sowing varieties''' is prone to drop (from the ear), so harvest it as soon as it is ripe.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○ For '''wet farming''' of '''late-sowing varieties''': &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Plow the fields when the (spring) thaw occurs in the '''first (lunar) month'''. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
As for applying manure and bringing in new soil, follow the same method prescribed for the '''early-sowing varieties'''. {{Original Commentary|If new soil is brought in this year, then apply '''manure''' or spread '''weeds''' the following year, and alternate them.}} If the soil is muddy or crumbly, or the subsoil water is cold, then bring in new soil or sod. If the soil is infertile and barren, then spread '''cattle and horse manure''' and '''oak stems with leaves''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is  ''gaeulcho''.}}. '''Night soil''' and '''silkworm droppings''' are also good. {{Original Commentary|But they are difficult to procure in large amounts.}} &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
During the period between the '''first week&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;A lunar month has three weeks of 10 days each.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; of the third month''' and  '''''Mangjong'''''&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;''Mangjong'', or &amp;quot;Grain in Ear&amp;quot;, refers to a solar term which usually falls at the beginning of the fifth lunar month.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;, plow the fields again (and sow the seeds). {{Original Commentary|In general, plowing and sowing after ''Mangjong'' brings poor harvest.}} &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Soaking seeds, sowing seeds, covering seeds, irrigating water, and weeding methods are all the same as for '''early-sowing varieties'''. {{Original Commentary|Weeding three times by the '''middle of the sixth month''' is best. Weeding three times by the (end of) the sixth month is the second best. Not doing even this amount of weeding is the worst.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○ If a drought occurs in spring, (thus making) it impossible to practice '''wet farming''', one should practice '''dry farming'''. {{Original Commentary|(In this case), sow only the '''late-sowing varieties'''.}} &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The method is as follows: &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
After plowing, break the clods with '''''noemok''''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''goeumpa''}}, and harrow the fields with a '''''mokjak'''''. {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''soheulla''.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
After preparing the soil in this way, mix one '''''mal''''' &amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;One ''mal is approx. 18 liters&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; of rice with one '''''seom''''' &amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;One ''seom'' is approx. 180 liters&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; of '''aged manure''' or a '''mixture of urine and ash'''. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Original Commentary|'''Urine and ash fertilizer''' making method: Dig a small '''pool''' outside the '''cow stable''' to store '''urine'''. Burn '''stalks''', '''bran''', '''chaff''' and the like into ashes, and mix it with the urine from the '''pool''')}} &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Plant (the seeds) using the '''foot sowing''' method.&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;In the &amp;quot;foot sowing&amp;quot; method, a farmer leaves a depressed hole in the soil, using his/her left heel, to throw a seed into the hole. Then, with right foot, dirt is thrown back into the hole to cover the seed.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; (After sowing,) (continue to) keep the birds away {{Original Commentary|until the seedlings start to grow}}. Do not irrigate the field until the seedlings grow enough. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If weeds grow, do not cease weeding (with a ''homi''), even if there is a drought and the seedlings wither. {{Original Commentary|There is an old saying that &amp;quot;A hundred rice plants depend on the head of a ''homi''.&amp;quot; Old farmers also said, &amp;quot;Seedlings appreciate a man's efforts (at weeding).&amp;quot;}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○ Transplanting Method&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Select '''wet fields''' where the seedlings will not become dry, even in the case of a drought. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Plowing should be done between the last week&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;A lunar month has three weeks of 10 days each.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; of the second (lunar) month and the first week of the third month. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Each '''paddy field''' is divided into ten parts: One part is for raising the seedlings and the other nine parts are for (transplanting) the seedlings. {{Original Commentary|When the seedlings have completely been picked (and transplanted into the other nine parts), also transplant them into the part where the seedlings were raised.}} &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
First, plow the section where the seedlings will be grown according to the plowing method (mentioned previously), make the soil soft and levelled, and drain the water. Chop the soft ends of '''willow branches'''. Spread them thickly all over the fields and then stamp them underfoot. Let the soil dry completely under the sun and (then) irrigate the field. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
First, soak the seeds for three days. Then, put them in a '''''hocheon''''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''binseom''}} to drain. After one day, plant the seeds in the soil and cover them (with soil) using a  '''''panno'''''. {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''beonji''.) &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
When the seedlings have grown taller than the height of one's fist, they are able to be transplanted, First, plow the place where the seedlings will be transplanted. Then, spread the '''oak branches with leaves''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''gaeulcho''}} or '''cow or horse manure'''. When it is time to transplant the seedlings, plow again according to the method (mentioned previously) to make the soil loose and level, making it extremely '''soft'''. Plant four or five seedlings for each transplantation. Since they have not yet taken root, do not irrigate them deeply. {{Original Commentary|This method is convenient for weeding, in case of severe drought the crops will be lost, which is a matter of risk for the farm.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○ Upland Rice Method&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Though there are many varieties of rice, in general they are all alike. (However,) there is a special variety called '''''hando'''''. {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''mebyeo''.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Highlands and locations with sources of cold water are all appropriate (for this variety). However, if the soil is too dry, then this variety cannot grow. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Plow the soil in the first week&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;A lunar month has three weeks of 10 days each.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; of the second (lunar) month, then plow again between the first and second week of the third month. Then, make ridges.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
After finishing sowing by using the '''foot sowing''' method, stamp down the ridges, making them hard. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
When weeding, remove the soil around the sprouts to prevent them from being covered by soil. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If the soil is barren, mix (the seeds) with '''aged manure''' or '''ash and urine fertilizer''' and sow them. Alternatively, mix two parts '''''hando''''' seeds with two parts '''barnyard grass''' seeds and one part '''red beans''' and sow them. In general, this technique of mixing seeds and sowing them is (to prevent the loss of crops even in) years of flood or drought. As which of the '''nine grains''' will be appropriate for the following year's (weather conditions) differs, mixing seeds and sowing them helps prevent a total loss.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Glossary'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Footnote'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Further Reading'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:농사직설]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Jeeeun</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://dh.aks.ac.kr/~classics/wiki/index.php?title=NJ2018_Cultivating_Rice_-_Transplanting&amp;diff=2798</id>
		<title>NJ2018 Cultivating Rice - Transplanting</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://dh.aks.ac.kr/~classics/wiki/index.php?title=NJ2018_Cultivating_Rice_-_Transplanting&amp;diff=2798"/>
				<updated>2018-06-13T02:15:20Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Jeeeun: /* Korean Translation */&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;div&gt;{{NJ2018 TOC}}&lt;br /&gt;
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=='''Original Script'''==&lt;br /&gt;
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|○苗種法:&lt;br /&gt;
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擇水田, 雖遇旱不乾處。&lt;br /&gt;
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二月下旬至三月上旬可耕。 每水田十分, 以一分養苗, 餘九分以擬裁苗。 【拔苗訖, 幷裁養苗處。】&lt;br /&gt;
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先耕養苗處如法, 熟治去水, 剉柳枝軟梢厚布, 訖足踏之。&lt;br /&gt;
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曝土令乾, 後灌水。 先漬稻種三日, 漉入蒿篅【鄕名: 空石】。&lt;br /&gt;
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經一日下種, 後以板撈【鄕名: 翻地】覆種。&lt;br /&gt;
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苗長一握以上, 可移裁之。&lt;br /&gt;
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先耕苗種處, 布杼葉【鄕名: 加乙草】或牛馬糞。&lt;br /&gt;
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臨移裁時, 又耕之如法, 熟治, 令土極軟。&lt;br /&gt;
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每一科裁不過四五苗。&lt;br /&gt;
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根未着土, 灌水不可令深。【此法, 便於除草, 萬一大旱, 則失手, 農家之危事也。】&lt;br /&gt;
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=='''Korean Translation'''==&lt;br /&gt;
○'''묘종법'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''모내기'''로 재배하는 방법은 물이 있는 논을 갈되 비록 가물어도 마르지 않는 곳이어야 한다. '''2월 하순'''부터 '''3월 상순'''까지 사이에 갈 수 있으며 논마다 10분의 1은 모를 기르고 나머지 10분의 9는 모를 심도록 헤아린다.{{원주|모를 뽑고 나면 못자리에도 아울러 모를 심는다.}}먼저 못자리로 할 곳을 갈아 방법대로 잘 다스리고 물을 뺀 다음 '''연한 버들가지'''를 잘게 썰어서 두껍게 편 다음 발로 밟아 넣고 흙을 볕에 쪼여 말린 후에 물을 댄다. 우선 '''볍씨'''를 3일 동안 담갔다가 걸러내서 '''''호천'''''{{원주|향명 ''빈섬''}}에 넣고, 하루 뒤에 파종한 다음 '''''판로'''''{{원주|향명 ''번지''}}로 볍씨를 덮는다. 모가 한 줌 이상 자라서 옮겨 심을 수 있게 되면, 먼저 모를 심을 곳을 간 다음에 '''갈잎'''{{원주|향명 가을초}}이나 '''소똥․말똥'''을 깐다. 모를 옮겨 심을 무렵에 다시 농법대로 갈되 흙이 아주 부드럽게 되도록 잘 간다. [옮겨 심는] 1'''''과''''' 당 4~5모가 넘지 않도록 하고, 흙에 착근되지 못했을 경우에는 너무 깊게 물을 대서는 안 된다.{{원주|이 방법은 제초에는 편리하지만, 만의 하나 크게 가물면 실수하게 되니, 농가의 위기이다.}}&lt;br /&gt;
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=='''English Translation'''==&lt;br /&gt;
'''Transplanting Method''' &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Select '''wet fields''' where the seedlings will not become dry, even in the case of a drought. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Plowing should be done between the last week&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;A lunar month has three weeks of 10 days each.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; of the second (lunar) month and the first week of the third month. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Each '''paddy field''' is divided into ten parts: One part is for raising the seedlings and the other nine parts are for (transplanting) the seedlings. {{Original Commentary|When the seedlings have completely been picked (and transplanted into the other nine parts), also transplant them into the part where the seedlings were raised.}} &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
First, plow the section where the seedlings will be grown according to the plowing method (mentioned previously), make the soil soft and levelled, and drain the water. Chop the soft ends of '''willow branches'''. Spread them thickly all over the fields and then stamp them underfoot. Let the soil dry completely under the sun and (then) irrigate the field. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
First, soak the seeds for three days. Then, put them in a '''''hocheon''''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''binseom''}} to drain. After one day, plant the seeds in the soil and cover them (with soil) using a  '''''panno'''''. {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''beonji''.) &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
When the seedlings have grown taller than the height of one's fist, they are able to be transplanted, First, plow the place where the seedlings will be transplanted. Then, spread the '''oak branches with leaves''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''gaeulcho''}} or '''cow or horse manure'''. When it is time to transplant the seedlings, plow again according to the method (mentioned previously) to make the soil loose and level, making it extremely '''soft'''. Plant four or five seedlings for each transplantation. Since they have not yet taken root, do not irrigate them deeply. {{Original Commentary|This method is convenient for weeding, in case of severe drought the crops will be lost, which is a matter of risk for the farm.}}&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;references group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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=='''Glossary'''==&lt;br /&gt;
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=='''Footnote'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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=='''Further Reading'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:농사직설]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Jeeeun</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://dh.aks.ac.kr/~classics/wiki/index.php?title=NJ2018_Cultivating_Rice_-_Dry_Farming&amp;diff=2797</id>
		<title>NJ2018 Cultivating Rice - Dry Farming</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://dh.aks.ac.kr/~classics/wiki/index.php?title=NJ2018_Cultivating_Rice_-_Dry_Farming&amp;diff=2797"/>
				<updated>2018-06-13T02:14:00Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Jeeeun: /* Korean Translation */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{NJ2018 TOC}}&lt;br /&gt;
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=='''Original Script'''==&lt;br /&gt;
{|class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:70%&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
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|○春旱不可水耕, 宜乾耕。&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【唯種晩稻】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; &amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;其法, 耕訖, 以檑木&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【鄕名: 古音波】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;打破土塊, 又以木斫&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【鄕名 所訖羅】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; 縱橫摩平, 熟治後, 以稻種一斗和熟糞或尿灰一石爲度&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【作尿灰法: 牛廏外, 作池貯尿, 以穀秸及糠秕之類, 燒爲灰, 用所貯池尿拌均。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;, 足種。 &amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;驅鳥。&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【以苗生爲限】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;苗未成長, 不可灌水。&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;雜草生, 則雖旱苗槀, 不可停鋤。&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【古語曰:「鋤頭自有百本禾。」 老農亦曰: 「苗知人功。」】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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=='''Korean Translation'''==&lt;br /&gt;
○ 봄철에 가뭄이 들면 '''수경'''을 할 것이 아니라, '''건경'''을 해야 한다.{{원주|이 경우에는 오직 '''늦벼'''만 심는다.}}그 방법으로는 [먼저 논을] 간 다음 '''''뇌목'''''{{원주|향명 ''고음파''}}으로 흙덩이를 깨뜨리고, 다시 '''''목작'''''{{원주|향명 ''소흘라''}}으로 [논을] 종횡으로 갈아 평평하게 고른다. '''숙치''' 후, 볍씨 1'''''말'''''에 잘 삭힌 '''거름''' 혹은 '''요회'''를 섞고,{{원주|요회 만드는 법: 외양간 바깥에 웅덩이를 만들어 오줌을 저장한다. '''볏짚''', '''겨''', '''쭉정이''' 따위를 태워 만든 재를 웅덩이에 저장한 오줌과 잘 섞는다.}}'''''족종''''' 방식&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;역주&amp;quot;&amp;gt;왼발 뒤꿈치로 흙을 밟아 누르면서 종자를 뿌리고, 오른발로 흙을 덮어 주는 파종 방식. &amp;quot;[http://encysillok.aks.ac.kr/Contents/index?Contents_id=00000273 건경]&amp;quot;, 『조선왕조실록사전』, 한국학중앙연구원.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;으로 파종한다. [파종한 다음에는] 새를 쫓는다.{{원주|모가 자랄 때까지 한다.}}모가 클 때까지는 물을 대서는 안 된다. 잡초가 자라는 경우에는 가물고 모가 마른 상태이더라도 김매기를 쉬어서는 안 된다.{{원주|옛말에 '호미 머리에 이삭 백 줄기가 달려있다'고 했고, 늙은 농부들도 말하기를 '모는 사람의 공을 알아준다'고 했다.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references group=&amp;quot;역주&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''English Translation'''==&lt;br /&gt;
If a drought occurs in spring, (thus making) it impossible to practice '''wet farming''', one should practice '''dry farming'''. {{Original Commentary|(In this case), sow only the '''late-sowing varieties'''.}} &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The method is as follows: &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
After plowing, break the clods with '''''noemok''''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''goeumpa''}}, and harrow the fields with a '''''mokjak'''''. {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''soheulla''.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
After preparing the soil in this way, mix one '''''mal''''' &amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;One ''mal is approx. 18 liters&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; of rice with one '''''seom''''' &amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;One ''seom'' is approx. 180 liters&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; of '''aged manure''' or a '''mixture of urine and ash'''. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Original Commentary|'''Urine and ash fertilizer''' making method: Dig a small '''pool''' outside the '''cow stable''' to store '''urine'''. Burn '''stalks''', '''bran''', '''chaff''' and the like into ashes, and mix it with the urine from the '''pool''')}} &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Plant (the seeds) using the '''foot sowing''' method.&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;In the &amp;quot;foot sowing&amp;quot; method, a farmer leaves a depressed hole in the soil, using his/her left heel, to throw a seed into the hole. Then, with right foot, dirt is thrown back into the hole to cover the seed.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; (After sowing,) (continue to) keep the birds away {{Original Commentary|until the seedlings start to grow}}. Do not irrigate the field until the seedlings grow enough. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If weeds grow, do not cease weeding (with a ''homi''), even if there is a drought and the seedlings wither. {{Original Commentary|There is an old saying that &amp;quot;A hundred rice plants depend on the head of a ''homi''.&amp;quot; Old farmers also said, &amp;quot;Seedlings appreciate a man's efforts (at weeding).&amp;quot;}}&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;references group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Glossary'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Noemok'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Mokjak'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Jokjong'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Footnote'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Further Reading'''==&lt;br /&gt;
*&amp;quot;[http://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?docId=1011403&amp;amp;cid=50221&amp;amp;categoryId=50230 늦벼파종]&amp;quot;, 『한국세시풍속사전』, 국립민속박물관.&lt;br /&gt;
*&amp;quot;[http://encysillok.aks.ac.kr/Contents/index?Contents_id=00000273 건경]&amp;quot;, 『조선왕조실록사전』, 한국학중앙연구원.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:농사직설]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Jeeeun</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://dh.aks.ac.kr/~classics/wiki/index.php?title=NJ2018_Cultivating_Rice_-_Wet_Farming&amp;diff=2796</id>
		<title>NJ2018 Cultivating Rice - Wet Farming</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://dh.aks.ac.kr/~classics/wiki/index.php?title=NJ2018_Cultivating_Rice_-_Wet_Farming&amp;diff=2796"/>
				<updated>2018-06-13T02:12:05Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Jeeeun: /* Korean Translation */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{NJ2018 TOC}}&lt;br /&gt;
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=='''Original Script'''==&lt;br /&gt;
{|class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:70%&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
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|○晩稻水耕:&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;正月氷解耕之。 入糞入土, 與旱稻法同。&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【今年入土, 則明年入糞或入雜草, 互爲之。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;其地或泥濘或虛浮或水冷, 則專入新土或莎土; 瘠薄, 則布牛馬糞及連枝杼葉&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【鄕名: 加乙草】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;,  人糞蠶沙亦佳。&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【但多得爲難】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; &amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;三月上旬至芒種節, 又耕之。&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【大抵節晩耕種者, 不實。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; &amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;漬種、下種、覆種、灌水、耘法, 皆與早稻法同。&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【六月望前三度耘者, 爲上。 六月內三度耘者, 次之。 不及此者爲下。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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=='''Korean Translation'''==&lt;br /&gt;
○'''늦벼'''의 '''수경'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''정월'''에 얼음이 녹을 때 간다. '''거름'''을 넣거나 흙을 넣는 것은 '''올벼''' 재배법과 동일하다. {{원주|올해 흙을 넣었다면 내년에는 거름을 넣거나 잡초를 넣는 방식으로 교대한다.}}흙이 진흙투성이거나 푸석푸석하거나 찬물 기운이 있다면 완전히 새 흙이나 '''사토'''를 채워 넣는다. [토질이] 척박하다면 소똥, 말똥 및 가지에 달린 '''갈잎'''{{원주|향명 ''가을초''}}을 깔아주는데, '''인분''', '''누에똥잠사'''도 좋다.{{원주|다만 많이 구하는 것이 어렵다.}}'''3월 상순'''에서 '''''망종''''' 사이에 다시 간다. {{원주|대체로 망종보다 늦게 갈고 파종하면 [수확이] 부실하다.}}종자 담그기, 파종하기, 종자 덮기, 물대기, 김매기 방법은 모두 '''올벼''' 재배법과 동일하다.{{원주|'''6월 보름''' 이전에 3번 김매는 것이 가장 좋다. 6월 이내에 3번 김매는 것이 그 다음이다. 여기에도 미치지 못하는 것은 가장 나쁘다.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''English Translation'''==&lt;br /&gt;
For '''wet farming''' of '''late-sowing varieties''': &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Plow the fields when the (spring) thaw occurs in the '''first (lunar) month'''. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
As for applying manure and bringing in new soil, follow the same method prescribed for the '''early-sowing varieties'''. {{Original Commentary|If new soil is brought in this year, then apply '''manure''' or spread '''weeds''' the following year, and alternate them.}} If the soil is muddy or crumbly, or the subsoil water is cold, then bring in new soil or sod. If the soil is infertile and barren, then spread '''cattle and horse manure''' and '''oak stems with leaves''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is  ''gaeulcho''.}}. '''Night soil''' and '''silkworm droppings''' are also good. {{Original Commentary|But they are difficult to procure in large amounts.}} &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
During the period between the '''first week&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;A lunar month has three weeks of 10 days each.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; of the third month''' and  '''''Mangjong'''''&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;''Mangjong'', or &amp;quot;Grain in Ear&amp;quot;, refers to a solar term which usually falls at the beginning of the fifth lunar month.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;, plow the fields again (and sow the seeds). {{Original Commentary|In general, plowing and sowing after ''Mangjong'' brings poor harvest.}} &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Soaking seeds, sowing seeds, covering seeds, irrigating water, and weeding methods are all the same as for '''early-sowing varieties'''. {{Original Commentary|Weeding three times by the '''middle of the sixth month''' is best. Weeding three times by the (end of) the sixth month is the second best. Not doing even this amount of weeding is the worst.}}&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Glossary'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Mangjong'''&lt;br /&gt;
{{Common glossary||term=Mangjong}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{#section-h:농사직설_Glossary|Mangjong}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Night soil'''&lt;br /&gt;
{{Common glossary||term=Night soil}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{#section-h:농사직설_Glossary|'''Night soil'''}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Footnote'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Further Reading'''==&lt;br /&gt;
*&amp;quot;[http://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?docId=1011403&amp;amp;cid=50221&amp;amp;categoryId=50230 늦벼파종]&amp;quot;, 『한국세시풍속사전』, 국립민속박물관.&lt;br /&gt;
*&amp;quot;[http://encysillok.aks.ac.kr/Contents/index?Contents_id=00003826 수경]&amp;quot;, 『조선왕조실록사전』, 한국학중앙연구원.&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1468-0289.1956.tb00657.x Early‐Ripening Rice in Chinese History by Ping‐Ti Ho]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.columbia.edu/itc/eacp/japanworks/song/tech/rice.htm Technological Advances during the Song: Rice Cultivation]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:농사직설]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Jeeeun</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://dh.aks.ac.kr/~classics/wiki/index.php?title=NJ2018_Cultivating_Rice_-_Wet_Farming&amp;diff=2795</id>
		<title>NJ2018 Cultivating Rice - Wet Farming</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://dh.aks.ac.kr/~classics/wiki/index.php?title=NJ2018_Cultivating_Rice_-_Wet_Farming&amp;diff=2795"/>
				<updated>2018-06-13T02:11:51Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Jeeeun: /* Korean Translation */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{NJ2018 TOC}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Original Script'''==&lt;br /&gt;
{|class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:70%&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;width:80%&amp;quot; | Text with Punctuation || style=&amp;quot;width:20%&amp;quot; | Text Image&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|○晩稻水耕:&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;正月氷解耕之。 入糞入土, 與旱稻法同。&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【今年入土, 則明年入糞或入雜草, 互爲之。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;其地或泥濘或虛浮或水冷, 則專入新土或莎土; 瘠薄, 則布牛馬糞及連枝杼葉&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【鄕名: 加乙草】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;,  人糞蠶沙亦佳。&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【但多得爲難】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; &amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;三月上旬至芒種節, 又耕之。&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【大抵節晩耕種者, 不實。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; &amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;漬種、下種、覆種、灌水、耘法, 皆與早稻法同。&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【六月望前三度耘者, 爲上。 六月內三度耘者, 次之。 不及此者爲下。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
||&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;html&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;center&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;a href=&amp;quot;http://digerati.aks.ac.kr/DhLab/2018/103/jpg/page-08-1.jpg&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;img src=&amp;quot;http://digerati.aks.ac.kr/DhLab/2018/103/thumb/page-08-1_xs.jpg&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;08&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/td&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/center&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/html&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Korean Translation'''==&lt;br /&gt;
○'''늦벼'''의 '''수경'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''정월'''에 얼음이 녹을 때 간다. '''거름'''을 넣거나 흙을 넣는 것은 '''올벼''' 재배법과 동일하다. {{원주|올해 흙을 넣었다면 내년에는 거름을 넣거나 잡초를 넣는 방식으로 교대한다.}}흙이 진흙투성이거나 푸석푸석하거나 찬물 기운이 있다면 완전히 새 흙이나 '''사토'''를 채워 넣는다. [토질이] 척박하다면 소똥, 말똥 및 가지에 달린 '''갈잎'''{{원주|향명 ''가을초''}}을 깔아주는데, '''인분''', '''누에똥잠사'''도 좋다.{{원주|다만 많이 구하는 것이 어렵다.}}'''3월 상순'''에서 ''''망종'''' 사이에 다시 간다. {{원주|대체로 망종보다 늦게 갈고 파종하면 [수확이] 부실하다.}}종자 담그기, 파종하기, 종자 덮기, 물대기, 김매기 방법은 모두 '''올벼''' 재배법과 동일하다.{{원주|'''6월 보름''' 이전에 3번 김매는 것이 가장 좋다. 6월 이내에 3번 김매는 것이 그 다음이다. 여기에도 미치지 못하는 것은 가장 나쁘다.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''English Translation'''==&lt;br /&gt;
For '''wet farming''' of '''late-sowing varieties''': &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Plow the fields when the (spring) thaw occurs in the '''first (lunar) month'''. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
As for applying manure and bringing in new soil, follow the same method prescribed for the '''early-sowing varieties'''. {{Original Commentary|If new soil is brought in this year, then apply '''manure''' or spread '''weeds''' the following year, and alternate them.}} If the soil is muddy or crumbly, or the subsoil water is cold, then bring in new soil or sod. If the soil is infertile and barren, then spread '''cattle and horse manure''' and '''oak stems with leaves''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is  ''gaeulcho''.}}. '''Night soil''' and '''silkworm droppings''' are also good. {{Original Commentary|But they are difficult to procure in large amounts.}} &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
During the period between the '''first week&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;A lunar month has three weeks of 10 days each.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; of the third month''' and  '''''Mangjong'''''&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;''Mangjong'', or &amp;quot;Grain in Ear&amp;quot;, refers to a solar term which usually falls at the beginning of the fifth lunar month.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;, plow the fields again (and sow the seeds). {{Original Commentary|In general, plowing and sowing after ''Mangjong'' brings poor harvest.}} &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Soaking seeds, sowing seeds, covering seeds, irrigating water, and weeding methods are all the same as for '''early-sowing varieties'''. {{Original Commentary|Weeding three times by the '''middle of the sixth month''' is best. Weeding three times by the (end of) the sixth month is the second best. Not doing even this amount of weeding is the worst.}}&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Glossary'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Mangjong'''&lt;br /&gt;
{{Common glossary||term=Mangjong}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{#section-h:농사직설_Glossary|Mangjong}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Night soil'''&lt;br /&gt;
{{Common glossary||term=Night soil}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{#section-h:농사직설_Glossary|'''Night soil'''}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Footnote'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Further Reading'''==&lt;br /&gt;
*&amp;quot;[http://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?docId=1011403&amp;amp;cid=50221&amp;amp;categoryId=50230 늦벼파종]&amp;quot;, 『한국세시풍속사전』, 국립민속박물관.&lt;br /&gt;
*&amp;quot;[http://encysillok.aks.ac.kr/Contents/index?Contents_id=00003826 수경]&amp;quot;, 『조선왕조실록사전』, 한국학중앙연구원.&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1468-0289.1956.tb00657.x Early‐Ripening Rice in Chinese History by Ping‐Ti Ho]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.columbia.edu/itc/eacp/japanworks/song/tech/rice.htm Technological Advances during the Song: Rice Cultivation]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:농사직설]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Jeeeun</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://dh.aks.ac.kr/~classics/wiki/index.php?title=NJ2018_Cultivating_Rice_-_Wet_Farming&amp;diff=2794</id>
		<title>NJ2018 Cultivating Rice - Wet Farming</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://dh.aks.ac.kr/~classics/wiki/index.php?title=NJ2018_Cultivating_Rice_-_Wet_Farming&amp;diff=2794"/>
				<updated>2018-06-13T02:11:32Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Jeeeun: /* Korean Translation */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{NJ2018 TOC}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Original Script'''==&lt;br /&gt;
{|class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:70%&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;width:80%&amp;quot; | Text with Punctuation || style=&amp;quot;width:20%&amp;quot; | Text Image&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|○晩稻水耕:&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;正月氷解耕之。 入糞入土, 與旱稻法同。&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【今年入土, 則明年入糞或入雜草, 互爲之。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;其地或泥濘或虛浮或水冷, 則專入新土或莎土; 瘠薄, 則布牛馬糞及連枝杼葉&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【鄕名: 加乙草】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;,  人糞蠶沙亦佳。&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【但多得爲難】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; &amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;三月上旬至芒種節, 又耕之。&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【大抵節晩耕種者, 不實。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; &amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;漬種、下種、覆種、灌水、耘法, 皆與早稻法同。&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【六月望前三度耘者, 爲上。 六月內三度耘者, 次之。 不及此者爲下。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
||&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;html&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;center&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;a href=&amp;quot;http://digerati.aks.ac.kr/DhLab/2018/103/jpg/page-08-1.jpg&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;img src=&amp;quot;http://digerati.aks.ac.kr/DhLab/2018/103/thumb/page-08-1_xs.jpg&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;08&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/td&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/center&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/html&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Korean Translation'''==&lt;br /&gt;
○'''늦벼'''의 '''수경'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''정월'''에 얼음이 녹을 때 간다. '''거름'''을 넣거나 흙을 넣는 것은 '''올벼''' 재배법과 동일하다. {{원주|올해 흙을 넣었다면 내년에는 거름을 넣거나 잡초를 넣는 방식으로 교대한다.}}흙이 진흙투성이거나 푸석푸석하거나 찬물 기운이 있다면 완전히 새 흙이나 '''사토'''를 채워 넣는다. [토질이] 척박하다면 소똥, 말똥 및 가지에 달린 '''갈잎'''{{원주|향명 ''가을초''}}을 깔아주는데, '''인분''', '''누에똥잠사'''도 좋다.{{원주|다만 많이 구하는 것이 어렵다.}}'''3월 상순'''에서 '''망종''' 사이에 다시 간다. {{원주|대체로 망종보다 늦게 갈고 파종하면 [수확이] 부실하다.}}종자 담그기, 파종하기, 종자 덮기, 물대기, 김매기 방법은 모두 '''올벼''' 재배법과 동일하다.{{원주|'''6월 보름''' 이전에 3번 김매는 것이 가장 좋다. 6월 이내에 3번 김매는 것이 그 다음이다. 여기에도 미치지 못하는 것은 가장 나쁘다.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''English Translation'''==&lt;br /&gt;
For '''wet farming''' of '''late-sowing varieties''': &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Plow the fields when the (spring) thaw occurs in the '''first (lunar) month'''. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
As for applying manure and bringing in new soil, follow the same method prescribed for the '''early-sowing varieties'''. {{Original Commentary|If new soil is brought in this year, then apply '''manure''' or spread '''weeds''' the following year, and alternate them.}} If the soil is muddy or crumbly, or the subsoil water is cold, then bring in new soil or sod. If the soil is infertile and barren, then spread '''cattle and horse manure''' and '''oak stems with leaves''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is  ''gaeulcho''.}}. '''Night soil''' and '''silkworm droppings''' are also good. {{Original Commentary|But they are difficult to procure in large amounts.}} &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
During the period between the '''first week&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;A lunar month has three weeks of 10 days each.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; of the third month''' and  '''''Mangjong'''''&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;''Mangjong'', or &amp;quot;Grain in Ear&amp;quot;, refers to a solar term which usually falls at the beginning of the fifth lunar month.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;, plow the fields again (and sow the seeds). {{Original Commentary|In general, plowing and sowing after ''Mangjong'' brings poor harvest.}} &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Soaking seeds, sowing seeds, covering seeds, irrigating water, and weeding methods are all the same as for '''early-sowing varieties'''. {{Original Commentary|Weeding three times by the '''middle of the sixth month''' is best. Weeding three times by the (end of) the sixth month is the second best. Not doing even this amount of weeding is the worst.}}&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Glossary'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Mangjong'''&lt;br /&gt;
{{Common glossary||term=Mangjong}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{#section-h:농사직설_Glossary|Mangjong}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Night soil'''&lt;br /&gt;
{{Common glossary||term=Night soil}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{#section-h:농사직설_Glossary|'''Night soil'''}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Footnote'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Further Reading'''==&lt;br /&gt;
*&amp;quot;[http://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?docId=1011403&amp;amp;cid=50221&amp;amp;categoryId=50230 늦벼파종]&amp;quot;, 『한국세시풍속사전』, 국립민속박물관.&lt;br /&gt;
*&amp;quot;[http://encysillok.aks.ac.kr/Contents/index?Contents_id=00003826 수경]&amp;quot;, 『조선왕조실록사전』, 한국학중앙연구원.&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1468-0289.1956.tb00657.x Early‐Ripening Rice in Chinese History by Ping‐Ti Ho]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.columbia.edu/itc/eacp/japanworks/song/tech/rice.htm Technological Advances during the Song: Rice Cultivation]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:농사직설]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Jeeeun</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://dh.aks.ac.kr/~classics/wiki/index.php?title=NJ2018_Cultivating_Rice&amp;diff=2793</id>
		<title>NJ2018 Cultivating Rice</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://dh.aks.ac.kr/~classics/wiki/index.php?title=NJ2018_Cultivating_Rice&amp;diff=2793"/>
				<updated>2018-06-13T02:10:16Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Jeeeun: /* Korean Translation */&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;div&gt;{{NJ2018 TOC}}&lt;br /&gt;
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=='''Original Script'''==&lt;br /&gt;
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|種稻 {{원주|附 旱稻}}&lt;br /&gt;
稻種有早有晩。 耕種法有水耕【鄕名: 水沙彌】有乾耕【鄕名: 乾沙彌】, 又有揷種【鄕名: 苗種】。 除草之法, 則大抵皆同。&lt;br /&gt;
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○早稻:&lt;br /&gt;
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秋收後, 擇連水源肥膏水田,【凡水田, 上可以引水, 下可以決去。 旱則灌之, 雨則洩之者, 爲上。 洿下渟水處, 次之, 然久雨泥渾, 則苗腐。 高處須雨而耕者, 斯爲下矣。】 耕之。&lt;br /&gt;
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冬月入糞。【正月氷解, 耕之入糞。或入新土亦得。】&lt;br /&gt;
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二月上旬又耕之。 以木斫【鄕名: 所訖羅】縱橫摩平, 復以鐵齒擺【鄕名: 手愁音】打破土塊令熟。&lt;br /&gt;
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先以稻種漬水, 經三日漉出, 納蒿篅中【鄕名: 空石】, 置溫處。 頻頻開視, 勿致鬱浥。&lt;br /&gt;
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芽長二分, 均撒水田中, 以板撈【鄕名: 翻地】或把撈【鄕名: 推介】覆種。 灌水驅鳥。【以苗生爲限】&lt;br /&gt;
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苗生二葉, 則去水, 以手耘。【苗弱, 不可用鋤。 然水渴土强, 則當用鋤。】&lt;br /&gt;
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去苗間細草, 訖又灌水。【每去水而耘, 耘訖灌之。 苗弱時宜淺, 苗强時宜深。】&lt;br /&gt;
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如川水連通, 雖旱不渴處, 則每耘訖決去水, 曝根二日, 後還灌水。【耐風與旱】&lt;br /&gt;
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苗長半尺許, 又耘以鋤。【苗强, 可以用鋤。】&lt;br /&gt;
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耘時, 以手挼軟苗間土面。 耘至三四度,【禾穀成長, 唯賴鋤功。 且旱稻性速, 不可小緩。】 將熟去水。【有水, 則熟遲。】&lt;br /&gt;
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早稻善零, 隨熟隨刈。&lt;br /&gt;
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=='''Korean Translation'''==&lt;br /&gt;
'''벼 심고 키우기 {{원주|한도를 덧붙임}}'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
벼의 품종으로는 일찍 파종하는 '''올벼'''가 있고 늦게 파종하는 '''늦벼'''가 있다. 재배법으로는 '''수경법'''{{원주|향명 ''수사미''}}이 있고, '''건경법'''{{원주|향명 ''건사미''}}이 있고, 또한 '''삽종법'''{{원주|향명 묘종}}이 있다.{{원주|제초하는 방법은 대개 동일하다.}}&lt;br /&gt;
○ 올벼는 [재배하려면] 가을에 수확한 후에, 수원과 이어져 있는 비옥한 논{{원주|무릇 논은 위쪽에서는 물을 끌어올 수 있어야 하고, 아래쪽에서는 물을 빼낼 수 있어야 한다. 가물면 물을 대고, 비가 오면 물을 빼내는 논이 가장 좋다. 웅덩이에 물이 고이는 논이 그 다음이다. 그런데 오랜 비에 [논이] 진흙뻘이 되면 모가 썩는다. 높은 곳에 위치하면서 비만 기다려 농사짓는 논, 이것은 가장 나쁘다.}}을 골라서 간다. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
겨울철에 거름을 투입하고{{원주|정월에 얼음이 녹을 때 갈이를 하고 거름을 투입하거나 혹은 새로운 흙을 투입하는 것도 나쁘지는 않다.}}2월 상순에 다시 한 번 더 갈이를 한다. ''''목작''''{{원주|향명 ''소흘라''}}로 [논을] 종횡으로 갈아 평평하게 만든 후, 다시 ''''철치파''''{{원주|향명 ''수수음''}}로 흙덩이를 깨뜨려 부드럽게 만든다. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
파종에 앞서 '''볍씨'''를 물에 담가 3일이 지난 후에 건져 내어 ''''호천''''{{원주|향명 ''빈섬''}}에 담아 따뜻한 곳에 보관하여 둔다. &lt;br /&gt;
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자주 열어 보아 [벼 종자가] 눅눅해지지 않도록 한다. &lt;br /&gt;
싹의 길이가 2'''푼'''(약 0.4cm) 쯤 자라면 논에다가 골고루 뿌리고 ''''판로''''{{원주|향명 ''번지''}}혹은 ''''파로''''로{{원주|향명 ''밀개''}}씨를 덮어주고 난 뒤에 물을 공급하고 [묘가 자랄 동안에 한해서] 새들이 접근하지 못하도록 한다.&lt;br /&gt;
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모에서 잎이 두 개가 나오면 물을 뺀다. 손으로 김을 매면서{{원주|모가 어리고 약하기 때문에 철로 된 ''호미''를 사용할 수 없지만 물이 말라 흙이 굳어진 상태에서는 마땅히 ''호미''를 써야 한다.}}모와 모 사이의 가느다란 잡초를 뽑고 다시 물을 투입한다. {{원주|매번 물을 빼고 김을 매고 다시 물을 공급하는데 묘가 약할 때에는 물을 얕게, 강할 때에는 깊게 공급한다.}}개천과 같이 물을 연속적으로 공급할 수 있어서 가뭄이 들어도 물이 마르지 않는 곳은 김을 맨 후에 물을 빼고 뿌리까지 햇볕을 쬘 수 있도록 하고 2일 후에 다시 물을 관개한다. {{원주|바람과 가뭄에 강하게 견디어 낼 수 있도록 하기 위함이다.}}&lt;br /&gt;
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모의 길이가 반 '''자'''쯤 될 정도로 자라면 또 김을 매는데 ''''호미''''를 가지고 한다.{{원주|모가 이미 강해져서 호미를 사용해도 되기 때문이다.}}김을 맬 때는 모 사이의 흙을 손으로 만져서 부드럽게 만들고, 김매기는 3~4번 하며 [벼의 성장은] 오직 김매기에 달려 있다.&lt;br /&gt;
게다가 올벼의 성질은 빨리 자라므로 [김매기를] 조금이라도 늦춰서는 안 된다. [벼가] 익을 무렵이 되면 물을 뺀다.{{원주|물이 있으면 [벼가] 익는 게 지체된다.}}벼는 잘 떨어지므로 익는 즉시 벤다.&lt;br /&gt;
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=='''English Translation'''==&lt;br /&gt;
'''Cultivating Rice {{Original Commentary|Including Upland Rice}}'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There are '''early-sowing varieties''' and '''late-sowing varieties'''. As for cultivation and sowing methods, there are '''wet farming''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''musalmi''}}, '''dry farming''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''mareunsami''}}, and '''transplanting seedlings''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''myojong''}}. The weeding method is generally the same for all varieties. &lt;br /&gt;
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○ For the '''early-sowing variety''', after the autumn harvest, choose the most fertile '''wet fields''' with an accessible source of water {{Original Commentary|In general, '''terraced paddy field'''s should be irrigated from above and drained below. The best (fields) are those that can be irrigated during droughts and drained during the rain. The second (best) are those where still water collects on the '''low ground'''. However, long rains may make the water sludgy and turbid, causing the seedlings to rot. The worst are those on '''high ground''' where farming is only possible when it rains.}} and plow them. &lt;br /&gt;
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In the winter months, apply '''manure''' (onto the fields). {{Original Commentary|When the (spring) thaw occurs in the first (lunar) month, plow the fields and apply '''manure''', or alternatively, bring in new soil.}} Then, plow again in the first week&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;A lunar month has three weeks of 10 days each.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; of the second month. With a '''''mokchak''''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''soheulla''}}, harrow the soil lengthwise and breadthwise. Then again, with a '''''cheolchipa''''' {{Original Commentary|commonly called ''susueum''}}, break up the clods of soil to make it '''ready''' (for planting).&lt;br /&gt;
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Before sowing the seeds, soak them in water.  After three days, take them out to drain, put them inside a '''''hocheon''''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''binseom'' or ''gongseom''}}, and store in a '''warm place'''. Frequently open (the ''hocheon'')] and check (the seeds), making sure they do not become damp and smelly. &lt;br /&gt;
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When the sprouts become two '''''bun''''' &amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Two ''bun'' is approx. 0.4 cm&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; long, place them evenly in the '''paddies''' and cover the them (with soil) using a '''''pallo''''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''beonji''}} or a '''''paro''''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''chugae'' or ''milgae''.}} Then, irrigate the fields and keep the birds out (until the seedlings grow). &lt;br /&gt;
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When the seedlings sprout two leaves, drain the water (from the paddy). After completely removing by hand (the tiny weeds) {{Original Commentary|The seedlings are fragile so a '''''homi''''' cannot be used. However, if the water evaporates and the soil firms up, a ''homi'' should be used.}} between the seedlings, irrigate again. {{Original Commentary|Drain the water each time before weeding. Once weeding is complete, irrigate it. While the seedlings are still young and fragile, irrigate lightly, and when the seedlings are mature and strong, irrigate heavily.}} If the field has a constant source of water such as a stream, so that it does not dry out even in drought, then every time weeding is completed, drain the water, and expose the base (of the plant) to the sunlight. After two days, restart irrigation {{Original Commentary|so (the plants) withstand wind and drought}}. &lt;br /&gt;
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When the seedlings grow to about half a '''''cheok'''''&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Half a ''cheok'' is approx. 10 cm&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;, weed again with a '''''homi''''' {{Original Commentary|The seedlings are firmly rooted, so using a ''homi'' is allowed.}} When weeding, use your hands to gently rub the soil surface between the seedlings. Weed up to three or four times. {{Original Commentary|The growth of the plants depends solely on weeding. Moreover, the '''early-sowing variety''' grows quickly by nature, so the slightest delay in weeding is not allowed.}} When the plant is about to ripen, drain the water. {{Original Commentary|If the water remains, it delays the ripening.}} &lt;br /&gt;
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The grain of '''early-sowing varieties''' is prone to drop (from the ear), so harvest it as soon as it is ripe.&lt;br /&gt;
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○ For '''wet farming''' of '''late-sowing varieties''': &lt;br /&gt;
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Plow the fields when the (spring) thaw occurs in the '''first (lunar) month'''. &lt;br /&gt;
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As for applying manure and bringing in new soil, follow the same method prescribed for the '''early-sowing varieties'''. {{Original Commentary|If new soil is brought in this year, then apply '''manure''' or spread '''weeds''' the following year, and alternate them.}} If the soil is muddy or crumbly, or the subsoil water is cold, then bring in new soil or sod. If the soil is infertile and barren, then spread '''cattle and horse manure''' and '''oak stems with leaves''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is  ''gaeulcho''.}}. '''Night soil''' and '''silkworm droppings''' are also good. {{Original Commentary|But they are difficult to procure in large amounts.}} &lt;br /&gt;
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During the period between the '''first week&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;A lunar month has three weeks of 10 days each.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; of the third month''' and  '''''Mangjong'''''&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;''Mangjong'', or &amp;quot;Grain in Ear&amp;quot;, refers to a solar term which usually falls at the beginning of the fifth lunar month.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;, plow the fields again (and sow the seeds). {{Original Commentary|In general, plowing and sowing after ''Mangjong'' brings poor harvest.}} &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Soaking seeds, sowing seeds, covering seeds, irrigating water, and weeding methods are all the same as for '''early-sowing varieties'''. {{Original Commentary|Weeding three times by the '''middle of the sixth month''' is best. Weeding three times by the (end of) the sixth month is the second best. Not doing even this amount of weeding is the worst.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○ If a drought occurs in spring, (thus making) it impossible to practice '''wet farming''', one should practice '''dry farming'''. {{Original Commentary|(In this case), sow only the '''late-sowing varieties'''.}} &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The method is as follows: &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
After plowing, break the clods with '''''noemok''''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''goeumpa''}}, and harrow the fields with a '''''mokjak'''''. {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''soheulla''.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
After preparing the soil in this way, mix one '''''mal''''' &amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;One ''mal is approx. 18 liters&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; of rice with one '''''seom''''' &amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;One ''seom'' is approx. 180 liters&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; of '''aged manure''' or a '''mixture of urine and ash'''. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Original Commentary|'''Urine and ash fertilizer''' making method: Dig a small '''pool''' outside the '''cow stable''' to store '''urine'''. Burn '''stalks''', '''bran''', '''chaff''' and the like into ashes, and mix it with the urine from the '''pool''')}} &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Plant (the seeds) using the '''foot sowing''' method.&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;In the &amp;quot;foot sowing&amp;quot; method, a farmer leaves a depressed hole in the soil, using his/her left heel, to throw a seed into the hole. Then, with right foot, dirt is thrown back into the hole to cover the seed.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; (After sowing,) (continue to) keep the birds away {{Original Commentary|until the seedlings start to grow}}. Do not irrigate the field until the seedlings grow enough. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If weeds grow, do not cease weeding (with a ''homi''), even if there is a drought and the seedlings wither. {{Original Commentary|There is an old saying that &amp;quot;A hundred rice plants depend on the head of a ''homi''.&amp;quot; Old farmers also said, &amp;quot;Seedlings appreciate a man's efforts (at weeding).&amp;quot;}}&lt;br /&gt;
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○ Transplanting Method&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Select '''wet fields''' where the seedlings will not become dry, even in the case of a drought. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Plowing should be done between the last week&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;A lunar month has three weeks of 10 days each.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; of the second (lunar) month and the first week of the third month. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Each '''paddy field''' is divided into ten parts: One part is for raising the seedlings and the other nine parts are for (transplanting) the seedlings. {{Original Commentary|When the seedlings have completely been picked (and transplanted into the other nine parts), also transplant them into the part where the seedlings were raised.}} &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
First, plow the section where the seedlings will be grown according to the plowing method (mentioned previously), make the soil soft and levelled, and drain the water. Chop the soft ends of '''willow branches'''. Spread them thickly all over the fields and then stamp them underfoot. Let the soil dry completely under the sun and (then) irrigate the field. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
First, soak the seeds for three days. Then, put them in a '''''hocheon''''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''binseom''}} to drain. After one day, plant the seeds in the soil and cover them (with soil) using a  '''''panno'''''. {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''beonji''.) &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
When the seedlings have grown taller than the height of one's fist, they are able to be transplanted, First, plow the place where the seedlings will be transplanted. Then, spread the '''oak branches with leaves''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''gaeulcho''}} or '''cow or horse manure'''. When it is time to transplant the seedlings, plow again according to the method (mentioned previously) to make the soil loose and level, making it extremely '''soft'''. Plant four or five seedlings for each transplantation. Since they have not yet taken root, do not irrigate them deeply. {{Original Commentary|This method is convenient for weeding, in case of severe drought the crops will be lost, which is a matter of risk for the farm.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○ Upland Rice Method&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Though there are many varieties of rice, in general they are all alike. (However,) there is a special variety called '''''hando'''''. {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''mebyeo''.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Highlands and locations with sources of cold water are all appropriate (for this variety). However, if the soil is too dry, then this variety cannot grow. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Plow the soil in the first week&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;A lunar month has three weeks of 10 days each.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; of the second (lunar) month, then plow again between the first and second week of the third month. Then, make ridges.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
After finishing sowing by using the '''foot sowing''' method, stamp down the ridges, making them hard. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
When weeding, remove the soil around the sprouts to prevent them from being covered by soil. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If the soil is barren, mix (the seeds) with '''aged manure''' or '''ash and urine fertilizer''' and sow them. Alternatively, mix two parts '''''hando''''' seeds with two parts '''barnyard grass''' seeds and one part '''red beans''' and sow them. In general, this technique of mixing seeds and sowing them is (to prevent the loss of crops even in) years of flood or drought. As which of the '''nine grains''' will be appropriate for the following year's (weather conditions) differs, mixing seeds and sowing them helps prevent a total loss.&lt;br /&gt;
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----&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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=='''Glossary'''==&lt;br /&gt;
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=='''Footnote'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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=='''Further Reading'''==&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Category:농사직설]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Jeeeun</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://dh.aks.ac.kr/~classics/wiki/index.php?title=NJ2018_Cultivating_Rice&amp;diff=2792</id>
		<title>NJ2018 Cultivating Rice</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://dh.aks.ac.kr/~classics/wiki/index.php?title=NJ2018_Cultivating_Rice&amp;diff=2792"/>
				<updated>2018-06-13T02:09:35Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Jeeeun: /* Korean Translation */&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;div&gt;{{NJ2018 TOC}}&lt;br /&gt;
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=='''Original Script'''==&lt;br /&gt;
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|種稻 {{원주|附 旱稻}}&lt;br /&gt;
稻種有早有晩。 耕種法有水耕【鄕名: 水沙彌】有乾耕【鄕名: 乾沙彌】, 又有揷種【鄕名: 苗種】。 除草之法, 則大抵皆同。&lt;br /&gt;
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○早稻:&lt;br /&gt;
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秋收後, 擇連水源肥膏水田,【凡水田, 上可以引水, 下可以決去。 旱則灌之, 雨則洩之者, 爲上。 洿下渟水處, 次之, 然久雨泥渾, 則苗腐。 高處須雨而耕者, 斯爲下矣。】 耕之。&lt;br /&gt;
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冬月入糞。【正月氷解, 耕之入糞。或入新土亦得。】&lt;br /&gt;
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二月上旬又耕之。 以木斫【鄕名: 所訖羅】縱橫摩平, 復以鐵齒擺【鄕名: 手愁音】打破土塊令熟。&lt;br /&gt;
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先以稻種漬水, 經三日漉出, 納蒿篅中【鄕名: 空石】, 置溫處。 頻頻開視, 勿致鬱浥。&lt;br /&gt;
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芽長二分, 均撒水田中, 以板撈【鄕名: 翻地】或把撈【鄕名: 推介】覆種。 灌水驅鳥。【以苗生爲限】&lt;br /&gt;
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苗生二葉, 則去水, 以手耘。【苗弱, 不可用鋤。 然水渴土强, 則當用鋤。】&lt;br /&gt;
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去苗間細草, 訖又灌水。【每去水而耘, 耘訖灌之。 苗弱時宜淺, 苗强時宜深。】&lt;br /&gt;
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如川水連通, 雖旱不渴處, 則每耘訖決去水, 曝根二日, 後還灌水。【耐風與旱】&lt;br /&gt;
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苗長半尺許, 又耘以鋤。【苗强, 可以用鋤。】&lt;br /&gt;
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耘時, 以手挼軟苗間土面。 耘至三四度,【禾穀成長, 唯賴鋤功。 且旱稻性速, 不可小緩。】 將熟去水。【有水, 則熟遲。】&lt;br /&gt;
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早稻善零, 隨熟隨刈。&lt;br /&gt;
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=='''Korean Translation'''==&lt;br /&gt;
'''벼 심고 키우기 {{원주|한도를 덧붙임}}'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
벼의 품종으로는 일찍 파종하는 '''올벼'''가 있고 늦게 파종하는 '''늦벼'''가 있다. 재배법으로는 '''수경법'''{{원주|향명 ''수사미''}}이 있고, '''건경법'''{{원주|향명 ''건사미''}}이 있고, 또한 '''삽종법'''{{원주|향명 묘종}}이 있다.{{원주|제초하는 방법은 대개 동일하다.}}&lt;br /&gt;
○ 올벼는 [재배하려면] 가을에 수확한 후에, 수원과 이어져 있는 비옥한 논{{원주|무릇 논은 위쪽에서는 물을 끌어올 수 있어야 하고, 아래쪽에서는 물을 빼낼 수 있어야 한다. 가물면 물을 대고, 비가 오면 물을 빼내는 논이 가장 좋다. 웅덩이에 물이 고이는 논이 그 다음이다. 그런데 오랜 비에 [논이] 진흙뻘이 되면 모가 썩는다. 높은 곳에 위치하면서 비만 기다려 농사짓는 논, 이것은 가장 나쁘다.}}을 골라서 간다. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
겨울철에 거름을 투입하고{{원주|정월에 얼음이 녹을 때 갈이를 하고 거름을 투입하거나 혹은 새로운 흙을 투입하는 것도 나쁘지는 않다.}}2월 상순에 다시 한 번 더 갈이를 한다. ''''목작''''{{원주|향명 ''소흘라''}}로 [논을] 종횡으로 갈아 평평하게 만든 후, 다시 ''''철치파''''{{원주|향명 ''수수음''}}로 흙덩이를 깨뜨려 부드럽게 만든다. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
파종에 앞서 '''볍씨'''를 물에 담가 3일이 지난 후에 건져 내어 ''''호천''''{{원주|향명 ''빈섬''}}에 담아 따뜻한 곳에 보관하여 둔다. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
자주 열어 보아 [벼 종자가] 눅눅해지지 않도록 한다. &lt;br /&gt;
싹의 길이가 2'''푼'''(약 0.4cm) 쯤 자라면 논에다가 골고루 뿌리고 ''''판로''''{{원주|향명 ''번지''}}혹은 ''''파로''''로{{원주|향명 ''밀개''}}씨를 덮어주고 난 뒤에 물을 공급하고 [묘가 자랄 동안에 한해서] 새들이 접근하지 못하도록 한다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
모에서 잎이 두 개가 나오면 물을 뺀다. 손으로 김을 매면서{{원주|모가 어리고 약하기 때문에 철로 된 ''''호미''''를 사용할 수 없지만 물이 말라 흙이 굳어진 상태에서는 마땅히 호미를 써야 한다.}}모와 모 사이의 가느다란 잡초를 뽑고 다시 물을 투입한다. {{원주|매번 물을 빼고 김을 매고 다시 물을 공급하는데 묘가 약할 때에는 물을 얕게, 강할 때에는 깊게 공급한다.}}개천과 같이 물을 연속적으로 공급할 수 있어서 가뭄이 들어도 물이 마르지 않는 곳은 김을 맨 후에 물을 빼고 뿌리까지 햇볕을 쬘 수 있도록 하고 2일 후에 다시 물을 관개한다. {{원주|바람과 가뭄에 강하게 견디어 낼 수 있도록 하기 위함이다.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
모의 길이가 반 '''자'''쯤 될 정도로 자라면 또 김을 매는데 ''''호미''''를 가지고 한다.{{원주|모가 이미 강해져서 호미를 사용해도 되기 때문이다.}}김을 맬 때는 모 사이의 흙을 손으로 만져서 부드럽게 만들고, 김매기는 3~4번 하며 [벼의 성장은] 오직 김매기에 달려 있다.&lt;br /&gt;
게다가 올벼의 성질은 빨리 자라므로 [김매기를] 조금이라도 늦춰서는 안 된다. [벼가] 익을 무렵이 되면 물을 뺀다.{{원주|물이 있으면 [벼가] 익는 게 지체된다.}}벼는 잘 떨어지므로 익는 즉시 벤다.&lt;br /&gt;
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=='''English Translation'''==&lt;br /&gt;
'''Cultivating Rice {{Original Commentary|Including Upland Rice}}'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There are '''early-sowing varieties''' and '''late-sowing varieties'''. As for cultivation and sowing methods, there are '''wet farming''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''musalmi''}}, '''dry farming''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''mareunsami''}}, and '''transplanting seedlings''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''myojong''}}. The weeding method is generally the same for all varieties. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○ For the '''early-sowing variety''', after the autumn harvest, choose the most fertile '''wet fields''' with an accessible source of water {{Original Commentary|In general, '''terraced paddy field'''s should be irrigated from above and drained below. The best (fields) are those that can be irrigated during droughts and drained during the rain. The second (best) are those where still water collects on the '''low ground'''. However, long rains may make the water sludgy and turbid, causing the seedlings to rot. The worst are those on '''high ground''' where farming is only possible when it rains.}} and plow them. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In the winter months, apply '''manure''' (onto the fields). {{Original Commentary|When the (spring) thaw occurs in the first (lunar) month, plow the fields and apply '''manure''', or alternatively, bring in new soil.}} Then, plow again in the first week&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;A lunar month has three weeks of 10 days each.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; of the second month. With a '''''mokchak''''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''soheulla''}}, harrow the soil lengthwise and breadthwise. Then again, with a '''''cheolchipa''''' {{Original Commentary|commonly called ''susueum''}}, break up the clods of soil to make it '''ready''' (for planting).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Before sowing the seeds, soak them in water.  After three days, take them out to drain, put them inside a '''''hocheon''''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''binseom'' or ''gongseom''}}, and store in a '''warm place'''. Frequently open (the ''hocheon'')] and check (the seeds), making sure they do not become damp and smelly. &lt;br /&gt;
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When the sprouts become two '''''bun''''' &amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Two ''bun'' is approx. 0.4 cm&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; long, place them evenly in the '''paddies''' and cover the them (with soil) using a '''''pallo''''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''beonji''}} or a '''''paro''''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''chugae'' or ''milgae''.}} Then, irrigate the fields and keep the birds out (until the seedlings grow). &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
When the seedlings sprout two leaves, drain the water (from the paddy). After completely removing by hand (the tiny weeds) {{Original Commentary|The seedlings are fragile so a '''''homi''''' cannot be used. However, if the water evaporates and the soil firms up, a ''homi'' should be used.}} between the seedlings, irrigate again. {{Original Commentary|Drain the water each time before weeding. Once weeding is complete, irrigate it. While the seedlings are still young and fragile, irrigate lightly, and when the seedlings are mature and strong, irrigate heavily.}} If the field has a constant source of water such as a stream, so that it does not dry out even in drought, then every time weeding is completed, drain the water, and expose the base (of the plant) to the sunlight. After two days, restart irrigation {{Original Commentary|so (the plants) withstand wind and drought}}. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
When the seedlings grow to about half a '''''cheok'''''&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Half a ''cheok'' is approx. 10 cm&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;, weed again with a '''''homi''''' {{Original Commentary|The seedlings are firmly rooted, so using a ''homi'' is allowed.}} When weeding, use your hands to gently rub the soil surface between the seedlings. Weed up to three or four times. {{Original Commentary|The growth of the plants depends solely on weeding. Moreover, the '''early-sowing variety''' grows quickly by nature, so the slightest delay in weeding is not allowed.}} When the plant is about to ripen, drain the water. {{Original Commentary|If the water remains, it delays the ripening.}} &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The grain of '''early-sowing varieties''' is prone to drop (from the ear), so harvest it as soon as it is ripe.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○ For '''wet farming''' of '''late-sowing varieties''': &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Plow the fields when the (spring) thaw occurs in the '''first (lunar) month'''. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
As for applying manure and bringing in new soil, follow the same method prescribed for the '''early-sowing varieties'''. {{Original Commentary|If new soil is brought in this year, then apply '''manure''' or spread '''weeds''' the following year, and alternate them.}} If the soil is muddy or crumbly, or the subsoil water is cold, then bring in new soil or sod. If the soil is infertile and barren, then spread '''cattle and horse manure''' and '''oak stems with leaves''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is  ''gaeulcho''.}}. '''Night soil''' and '''silkworm droppings''' are also good. {{Original Commentary|But they are difficult to procure in large amounts.}} &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
During the period between the '''first week&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;A lunar month has three weeks of 10 days each.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; of the third month''' and  '''''Mangjong'''''&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;''Mangjong'', or &amp;quot;Grain in Ear&amp;quot;, refers to a solar term which usually falls at the beginning of the fifth lunar month.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;, plow the fields again (and sow the seeds). {{Original Commentary|In general, plowing and sowing after ''Mangjong'' brings poor harvest.}} &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Soaking seeds, sowing seeds, covering seeds, irrigating water, and weeding methods are all the same as for '''early-sowing varieties'''. {{Original Commentary|Weeding three times by the '''middle of the sixth month''' is best. Weeding three times by the (end of) the sixth month is the second best. Not doing even this amount of weeding is the worst.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○ If a drought occurs in spring, (thus making) it impossible to practice '''wet farming''', one should practice '''dry farming'''. {{Original Commentary|(In this case), sow only the '''late-sowing varieties'''.}} &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The method is as follows: &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
After plowing, break the clods with '''''noemok''''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''goeumpa''}}, and harrow the fields with a '''''mokjak'''''. {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''soheulla''.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
After preparing the soil in this way, mix one '''''mal''''' &amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;One ''mal is approx. 18 liters&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; of rice with one '''''seom''''' &amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;One ''seom'' is approx. 180 liters&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; of '''aged manure''' or a '''mixture of urine and ash'''. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Original Commentary|'''Urine and ash fertilizer''' making method: Dig a small '''pool''' outside the '''cow stable''' to store '''urine'''. Burn '''stalks''', '''bran''', '''chaff''' and the like into ashes, and mix it with the urine from the '''pool''')}} &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Plant (the seeds) using the '''foot sowing''' method.&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;In the &amp;quot;foot sowing&amp;quot; method, a farmer leaves a depressed hole in the soil, using his/her left heel, to throw a seed into the hole. Then, with right foot, dirt is thrown back into the hole to cover the seed.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; (After sowing,) (continue to) keep the birds away {{Original Commentary|until the seedlings start to grow}}. Do not irrigate the field until the seedlings grow enough. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If weeds grow, do not cease weeding (with a ''homi''), even if there is a drought and the seedlings wither. {{Original Commentary|There is an old saying that &amp;quot;A hundred rice plants depend on the head of a ''homi''.&amp;quot; Old farmers also said, &amp;quot;Seedlings appreciate a man's efforts (at weeding).&amp;quot;}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○ Transplanting Method&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Select '''wet fields''' where the seedlings will not become dry, even in the case of a drought. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Plowing should be done between the last week&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;A lunar month has three weeks of 10 days each.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; of the second (lunar) month and the first week of the third month. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Each '''paddy field''' is divided into ten parts: One part is for raising the seedlings and the other nine parts are for (transplanting) the seedlings. {{Original Commentary|When the seedlings have completely been picked (and transplanted into the other nine parts), also transplant them into the part where the seedlings were raised.}} &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
First, plow the section where the seedlings will be grown according to the plowing method (mentioned previously), make the soil soft and levelled, and drain the water. Chop the soft ends of '''willow branches'''. Spread them thickly all over the fields and then stamp them underfoot. Let the soil dry completely under the sun and (then) irrigate the field. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
First, soak the seeds for three days. Then, put them in a '''''hocheon''''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''binseom''}} to drain. After one day, plant the seeds in the soil and cover them (with soil) using a  '''''panno'''''. {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''beonji''.) &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
When the seedlings have grown taller than the height of one's fist, they are able to be transplanted, First, plow the place where the seedlings will be transplanted. Then, spread the '''oak branches with leaves''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''gaeulcho''}} or '''cow or horse manure'''. When it is time to transplant the seedlings, plow again according to the method (mentioned previously) to make the soil loose and level, making it extremely '''soft'''. Plant four or five seedlings for each transplantation. Since they have not yet taken root, do not irrigate them deeply. {{Original Commentary|This method is convenient for weeding, in case of severe drought the crops will be lost, which is a matter of risk for the farm.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○ Upland Rice Method&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Though there are many varieties of rice, in general they are all alike. (However,) there is a special variety called '''''hando'''''. {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''mebyeo''.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Highlands and locations with sources of cold water are all appropriate (for this variety). However, if the soil is too dry, then this variety cannot grow. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Plow the soil in the first week&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;A lunar month has three weeks of 10 days each.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; of the second (lunar) month, then plow again between the first and second week of the third month. Then, make ridges.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
After finishing sowing by using the '''foot sowing''' method, stamp down the ridges, making them hard. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
When weeding, remove the soil around the sprouts to prevent them from being covered by soil. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If the soil is barren, mix (the seeds) with '''aged manure''' or '''ash and urine fertilizer''' and sow them. Alternatively, mix two parts '''''hando''''' seeds with two parts '''barnyard grass''' seeds and one part '''red beans''' and sow them. In general, this technique of mixing seeds and sowing them is (to prevent the loss of crops even in) years of flood or drought. As which of the '''nine grains''' will be appropriate for the following year's (weather conditions) differs, mixing seeds and sowing them helps prevent a total loss.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Glossary'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Footnote'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Further Reading'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:농사직설]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Jeeeun</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://dh.aks.ac.kr/~classics/wiki/index.php?title=NJ2018_Cultivating_Hemp&amp;diff=2791</id>
		<title>NJ2018 Cultivating Hemp</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://dh.aks.ac.kr/~classics/wiki/index.php?title=NJ2018_Cultivating_Hemp&amp;diff=2791"/>
				<updated>2018-06-13T02:03:02Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Jeeeun: /* Korean Translation */&lt;/p&gt;
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=='''Original Script'''==&lt;br /&gt;
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正月氷解, 擇良田。 田多, 則歲易。 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【歲易, 則皮薄節闊。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; 耕之縱三橫三, 布牛馬糞。&lt;br /&gt;
二月上旬, 更耕之。 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【中旬爲中時, 下旬爲下時。 至於北土, 寒氣晩解, 要當隋時適宜。 九穀倣此。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;  &amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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以木斫&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【鄕名斫訖羅】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;及鐵齒擺&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【鄕名手愁音】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;, 熟治使平, 後足踏均密。撒種, 又須均須密。 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【足踏與撒種, 不均不密, 則麻或麤或枝, 不中於用。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; 曳撈覆種。&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【撈, 鄕名曳介. 編多枝木爲之, 松枝爲上。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; 其上, 又布牛馬糞。麻長三寸許, 有雜草, 則鋤之。&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【不過一鋤。 又有晩種者, 夏至前後十日內, 皆可種也。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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=='''Korean Translation'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''삼 심고 키우기'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''정월'''에 얼음이 녹자마자 좋은 밭을 선택한다. 만약에 밭이 많이 확보되면 '''1년 휴한한 땅'''에 심는 것이 좋다. {{원주| 1년 휴한한 땅에서 자란 삼은 껍질이 얇고 마디 사이가 넓다.}}삼베밭을 가는 방법은 먼저 세로로 세 번 가로로 세 번 하고 '''소나 말의 똥'''을 펼쳐 놓는다. 2월 상순에 다시 한 번 갈아 준다.{{원주| (2월 상순이 가장 최적의 시기이며) 중순은 그 다음이고 하순은 가장 나쁜 시기이다. 북쪽지방의 경우 토양의 찬 기운(한기)이 가장 늦게 풀리므로 (얼음이 풀리는) 시기에 따라 가장 적합한 시기에 갈아 주어야 한다. 추운 지방의 아홉 가지 곡식도 밭갈이 시기의 선택은 이와 같다.}}&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
흙을 잘게 썰어주는 '''목작(써래)''' {{원주|향명 소흘라}}과 땅을 고르고 풀을 쳐내는 '''철치파(쇠스랑)''' {{원주|향명 수수음}}으로&lt;br /&gt;
잘 삶고 땅을 골고루 평평하게 고른 후에, 발로 균질의 밀도가 형성되도록 잘 밟아 주어야 한다. 씨를 파종할 때에도 고른 간격으로 조밀하게 파종하여야 한다.{{원주| 발로 밟거나 종자를 뿌릴 때 고르고 조밀하게 하지 않으면 삼의 섬유질이 거칠게 되거나 혹은 가지가 나서 사용하는데 적합하지 않게 되므로 유의하여야 한다.}}[그 다음에] '''끌개(끙게)'''를 이끌어서 종자가 흙에 덮이도록 하며 {{원주| 로는 향명으로는 끌개인데, 이것은 가지가 많은 나무로 만든다. 소나무 가지로 만든 것이 가장 좋다.}}그 위에는 또 소똥, 말똥을 깐다. 삼이 3'''치'''(6 cm) 정도 자랐을 때 잡초가 있다면 김을 매주어야 한다.{{원주| 김매는 것은 한번을 넘지 않는다. 또한 '''만종'''이 있는데,'''하지''' 전후 10일 이내 기간에는 언제나 심을 수 있다.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''English Translation'''==&lt;br /&gt;
'''Cultivating Hemp'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
When the soil thaws in the '''first (lunar) month''', select '''good fields'''. If the fields are abundant, rotate them annually. {{Original Commentary|If (the fields are) rotated annually, then the '''bark''' (of the hemp's stem) will be thin, and the space between the '''joints''' wide.}} &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Plow three times lengthwise and three times breadththwise. Spread '''cow and horse manure''' (over the field). In the '''first week&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;en&amp;quot;&amp;gt;A lunar month has three weeks of 10 days each.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; of the second month''', plow again. {{Original Commentary|Plowing again in the '''second week''' is the second best time, and the '''third week''' is the worst time. In the '''northern regions''', the (spring) thaw comes later, and this should be taken into consideration when selecting the best time (for plowing). (The plowing for) all '''nine grains''' (should) follow this.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
With a '''''mokchak''''' ({{Original Commentary|Its common name is''soheulla''}}) and a '''''cheolchipa''''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''susueum''}}), level the soil well, and then evenly and densely tamp it down with your '''feet'''. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
When sowing seeds, it is also necessary to sow them evenly and densely. {{Original Commentary|If the tamping and sowing are not done evenly and densely, then the hemp may be too rough or too branchy, therefore not suitable for use.}} Drag a '''''ro''''' to cover the seeds.{{Original Commentary| Its common name is''kkeulgae''. To make it, bind multiple branches of wood; '''pine''' branches work best.}} On top (of the soil), also spread '''cow and horse manure'''. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If there are weeds when the hemp has reached three '''''chon''''' &amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;en&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Three ''chon' is approx. 6 cm&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;, then weed them (with a '''''homi'''''). {{Original Commentary|Do not weed more than once. The '''late-sowing varieties''' can be sowed anytime within ten days before or after the '''summer solstice'''.}}&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references group=&amp;quot;en&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Glossary'''==&lt;br /&gt;
===Plant Varieties===&lt;br /&gt;
'''Hemp'''&lt;br /&gt;
* Chinese: 麻&lt;br /&gt;
* Korean: 마&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Plant Structure===&lt;br /&gt;
'''Bark''' (of the hemp stem)&lt;br /&gt;
* Chinese: 皮&lt;br /&gt;
* Korean: 피 (껍질)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Farming Tools===&lt;br /&gt;
'''''Mokchak'' (''soheulla'')'''&lt;br /&gt;
*Chinese: 木斫&lt;br /&gt;
*Korean: 목작&lt;br /&gt;
*Common name (Chinese): 所訖羅&lt;br /&gt;
*Common name (Korean): 소흘라&lt;br /&gt;
*Korean(modern): 써래&lt;br /&gt;
*English: wooden harrow&lt;br /&gt;
*A farming tool used even out the fields.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''''Cheolchipa'' (''susueum'')'''&lt;br /&gt;
*Chinese: 鐵齒擺&lt;br /&gt;
*Korean: 철치파&lt;br /&gt;
*Common name (Chinese): 手愁音&lt;br /&gt;
*Common name (Korean): 수수음&lt;br /&gt;
*Korean(modern): 쇠스랑&lt;br /&gt;
*English: iron-toothed spreader/hoe&lt;br /&gt;
*A leveling tool.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''''Ro'' (''kkeulgae'')'''&lt;br /&gt;
*Chinese: 撈&lt;br /&gt;
*Korean: 로&lt;br /&gt;
*Common name (Chinese): 曳介&lt;br /&gt;
*Common name (Korean): 끌개&lt;br /&gt;
*Korean(modern): 끌개/끙게&lt;br /&gt;
*English: harrow rake&lt;br /&gt;
*A type of rake that was widely used by farmers. Long pine branches would be tied together at one end and loaded with a rock. This would then be dragged over sown fields to cover up the seeds with dirt.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''''Umabun'''''&lt;br /&gt;
*Chinese: 牛馬糞&lt;br /&gt;
*Korean: 우마분 (소나 말의 똥)&lt;br /&gt;
*Cattle and horse manure&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Plowing and Plowing Methods===&lt;br /&gt;
'''To plow or to till''' (see footnotes)&lt;br /&gt;
*Chinese: 耕&lt;br /&gt;
*Korean: 경 (갈다)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''To plow lengthwise''' (vertically?)&lt;br /&gt;
*Chinese: 耕...縱...&lt;br /&gt;
*Korean: 세로로 갈다&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''To plow breadthwise''' (horizontally?)&lt;br /&gt;
*Chinese: 耕...橫...&lt;br /&gt;
*Korean:  가로로 갈다&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Time and Natural Phenomena===&lt;br /&gt;
*'''上旬 中旬 下旬'''&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Korean:상순, 중순, 하순&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
It was translated into English as &amp;lt;first sun&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;middle sun&amp;gt; and &amp;lt;last sun&amp;gt;. Other suggested translations: &amp;lt;first ''sun''&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;second ''sun''&amp;gt; and &amp;lt;third ''sun''&amp;gt;.(See footnote)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*'''上時, 中時, 下時'''&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
Korean: 상시, 중시, 하시&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Translated as &amp;lt;best time, second best time, worst time&amp;gt;. Other translations suggested: &amp;lt;ideal time, acceptable time, worst time&amp;gt;.&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*'''寒氣'''&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Korean: 찬 기운(한기)&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
English: [spring] thaw &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*'''夏至'''&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Korean: 하지&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
English: summer solstice&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Land Types===&lt;br /&gt;
*Chinese: 擇良田 &amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
*Korean: 좋은 밭을 선택한다 &amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
*English: select good fields &amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Cultivation Timeline===&lt;br /&gt;
'''Plowing''' &amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
*1st plow: &amp;lt;When the ice melts in the first month [of the lunar year]&amp;gt;,&amp;lt;正月氷解&amp;gt; &amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
*2nd plow: &amp;lt;In the first sun of the second lunar month, plow again&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;二月上旬, 更耕之。&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt; (Advice given about ploing in the middle or last ''sun'', too, and it mentions about the spring thaw coming later in the northern region)&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Sowing''' &amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
*Only the sowing time of late-planting varieties is mentioned: &amp;lt;The late-planting varieties can be sowed anytime within ten days before or after the summer solstice.&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;又有晩種者, 夏至前後十日內, 皆可種也。&amp;gt;  &amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Cultivation Methods===&lt;br /&gt;
*'''Plowing method:'''&amp;lt;Plow three times lengthwise and three times breadththwise.&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;耕之縱三橫三&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
*'''Fertilization method''':(2 times, 1st after plowing the soil, 2nd after leveling the soil)&amp;lt;Spread cattle and horse manure [over the field].&amp;gt;,&amp;lt;布牛馬糞。&amp;gt;; &amp;lt;On top [of the soil], also spread cattle and horse manure. &amp;gt;, &amp;lt;其上, 又布牛馬糞。&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
*'''Leveling the soil method:''' &amp;lt;With a ''mokchak'' known as ''soheulla'' and a ''cheolchipa'' known as ''susueum'' , level out the soil well, and then evenly and densely tamp it down with feet.&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;以木斫【鄕名斫訖羅】及鐵齒擺【鄕名手愁音】, 熟治使平, 後足踏均密。&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
*'''Sowing method:''' &amp;lt;When sowing seeds, it is also necessary to sow them evenly and densely.&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;撒種, 又須均須密。&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
*'''Weeding method:''' &amp;lt;If there are weeds when the hemp has reached three ''chon'' [approx. 6 cm], then weed them [with a hoe]. Do not weed more than once.&amp;gt;,&amp;lt;麻長三寸許, 有雜草, 則鋤之。【不過一鋤。&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Other Terms===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*九穀 구곡 - nine kinds of crops, 아홉 가지 곡식&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*鋤 서 - to weed, 김을 매주다&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*晩種 만종 - late-planting variety&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Footnote'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*For '田多, 則歲易' translation may depend on the meaning of 歲易. 'Crop alternately with other crops(rotate)' or 'cultivate hemp one year and leave the farmland with nothing cultivated for a year'. Does crop rotation referring to changing to a different crop each year, or letting the land go fallow for a year before planting the same crop again? (지은 comment) &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Tool names are kept in their original form in the English translation (romanized). Refer to the glossary for the English tool names. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*上旬, 中旬 and 下旬 were translated into English as  &amp;lt;first ''sun''&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;middle ''sun''&amp;gt; and &amp;lt;last ''sun''&amp;gt;. Other translations:  &amp;lt;first ''sun''&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;second ''sun''&amp;gt; and &amp;lt;third ''sun''&amp;gt;. Suggestions were made for the use of &amp;lt;decade&amp;gt;. The etymology and usage of &amp;lt;decade&amp;gt; can be found [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/decade here]. 旬 is translated as &amp;lt;decade&amp;gt; in a dictionary of classical and medieval Chinese [Kroll, Paul W.(2017). ''A Student's Dictionary of Classical and Medieval Chinese''(Revised edition). Leiden:Brill.]: &amp;lt;Meaning 1: A decade of days, three of which make up a month; the standard “week” in premodern times. a.	(med.) a decade of years, sgl. or in cmpd.; e.g. 旬年, ten years. b.	(med.) a unit of ten, e.g.旬月, ten months. Meaning 2.	Complete, full, a whole cycle: e.g. 旬歲, a whole year, 旬月, a whole month. Meaning 3.	(med.) time in general, as a whole unit.&amp;gt; (Evelyn comment)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*To plow or to till. &amp;quot;Conceptually, tilling is more like running a comb or a rake over the soil, while plowing is more like using a spatula to flip a pancake. These are much too simple analogies, but the basic idea should be clear. A tilling machine runs blades through the soil, while a plow's main work is to flip soil over on top of itself. This is a basically different approach to mixing and aerating the soil. A till will knife air into the soil and drag some soil particles into contact with different soil particles, while the plowshare's goal is to flip topsoil over and leave a layer upside-down.&amp;quot; - Stephen Wright [https://www.quora.com/Agriculture-What-is-the-difference-between-tilling-and-plowing] (Lindsey comment)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Further Reading'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*On farming tools, in general: [http://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Contents/SearchNavi?keyword=농기구&amp;amp;ridx=0&amp;amp;tot=22 농기구, 한국민족문화대백과]&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
*About the wooden harrow (''mokchak''): [http://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?docId=420068&amp;amp;cid=42961&amp;amp;categoryId=42961&amp;amp;expCategoryId=42961 써레]&lt;br /&gt;
*Professor Kim and Jun's comments.&lt;br /&gt;
*Terms related to plant morphology [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_plant_morphology Glossary of Plant Morphology]&lt;br /&gt;
* General Information [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemp Hemp]&lt;br /&gt;
* Hemp structure [https://www.leafly.com/news/cannabis-101/cannabis-anatomy-the-parts-of-the-plant Hemp plant anatomy]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:농사직설]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Jeeeun</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://dh.aks.ac.kr/~classics/wiki/index.php?title=NJ2018_Plowing_the_Soil&amp;diff=2790</id>
		<title>NJ2018 Plowing the Soil</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://dh.aks.ac.kr/~classics/wiki/index.php?title=NJ2018_Plowing_the_Soil&amp;diff=2790"/>
				<updated>2018-06-13T02:02:35Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Jeeeun: /* Korean Translation */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{NJ2018 TOC}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Original Script'''==&lt;br /&gt;
{|class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:70%&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;width:80%&amp;quot; | Text with Punctuation || style=&amp;quot;width:20%&amp;quot; | Text Image&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|耕地&lt;br /&gt;
耕地宜徐。 徐則土軟, 牛不疲困。 春夏耕宜淺, 秋耕宜深。 春耕, 則隨耕隨治; 秋耕, 則待土色乾白乃治。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○旱田: 初耕, 後布草燒之又耕, 則其田自美。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○薄田: 耕菉豆, 待其茂盛掩耕, 則不莠不虫, 燮塉爲良。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○荒地: 七八月間, 耕之掩草。 明年氷釋, 又耕, 後下種。 大抵荒地開墾, 初耕宜深, 再耕宜淺。&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【初深後淺, 則生地不起, 令土軟熟。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
||&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;html&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;table border=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot; align=&amp;quot;right&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;tr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;td align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href=&amp;quot;http://digerati.aks.ac.kr/DhLab/2018/103/jpg/page-04-1.jpg&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;img src=&amp;quot;http://digerati.aks.ac.kr/DhLab/2018/103/thumb/page-04-1_xs.jpg&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;04&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/td&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;td align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href=&amp;quot;http://digerati.aks.ac.kr/DhLab/2018/103/jpg/page-05-1.jpg&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;img src=&amp;quot;http://digerati.aks.ac.kr/DhLab/2018/103/thumb/page-05-1_xs.jpg&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;05&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/td&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/tr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/table&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/html&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Korean Translation'''==&lt;br /&gt;
'''땅갈이'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
땅갈이는 천천히 해야 한다. 천천히 하면 흙이 부드러워지고 소가 피곤을 느끼지 않는다. 봄과 여름의 밭갈이는 땅을 얕게 갈아야 하며, 가을의 밭갈이는 깊게 갈아야 한다. 봄 갈이는 밭을 갈면서 뒤따라 땅을 다스린다. 가을 갈이는 흙빛이 희게 마르기를 기다려 다스려야 한다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○'''한전'''은 처음 갈이한 후에 풀을 그 위에 펴고 불지른 다음 다시 갈면 그 밭이 저절로 좋은 밭이 된다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○'''박전'''에는 '''녹두'''를 심고 그것이 무성해진 다음 그대로 갈아 엎으면 가라지도 생기지 않으며 충해도 입지 않을 뿐더러 척박하던 땅이 좋은 밭으로 변하게 된다. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○'''황지'''는 7, 8월 사이에 갈이를 하고 풀을 덮어 둔다.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;세종실록 77권, 세종 19년 6월 13일 辛未 1번째기사 1437년 명 정통(正統) 2년[http://sillok.history.go.kr/id/WDA_11906013_001]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; 이듬해 얼음이 녹을 무렵 또 갈고 그 후에 씨앗을 뿌린다. 황지의 개간은 처음 갈이는 깊게 갈고 두 번 째 갈이를 얕게 간다. {{원주|처음에 깊게 갈고 나중에 얕게 갈아야 '''속땅'''이 일어나지 않아서, 흙이 부드러우면서도 비옥해진다.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''English Translation'''==&lt;br /&gt;
'''Plowing the Soil'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○ Plowing should be done slowly. When done slowly, the soil becomes '''soft''', and the ox does not tire. Spring and summer plowing should be shallow, and autumn plowing should be deep. For spring plowing, harrow the soil right after it is plowed; for autumn plowing, wait for the soil to dry out and turn light, then harrow. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○ For '''dry fields''', '''straw''' should be spread and burned after the first plowing. The fields will be naturally enriched after plowing again. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○ For '''poor fields''', plow and plant '''mung beans'''. When they become lush, turn over the soil as is. Then there will be no weeds and no insects, and the barren soil will become fertile. When the soil thaws in the following year, plow once more and then sow. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○ For '''uncultivated land''', plow between seventh and eighth (lunar) months and cover the land with '''grass'''. In general, when reclaiming uncultivated land, the first plowing should be deep and the second plowing should be shallow. {{Original Commentary|If you first plow deeply and then shallowly, the '''subsoil''' is not exposed, making the soil soft and fertile.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Glossary'''==&lt;br /&gt;
===Land Types===&lt;br /&gt;
'''Dry fields'''&lt;br /&gt;
*Chinese: 旱田&lt;br /&gt;
*Korean: 한전, 마른 밭&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Poor fields'''&lt;br /&gt;
*Chinese: 薄田&lt;br /&gt;
*Korean: 척박한 밭&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Uncultivated land'''&lt;br /&gt;
*Chinese: 荒地&lt;br /&gt;
*Korean: 황지&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Cultivation Methods===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Fertilization method: plant mung beans to make barren soil fertile&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Footnote'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Further Reading'''==&lt;br /&gt;
[http://db.itkc.or.kr/dir/item?itemId=GO#dir/node?dataId=ITKC_GO_1298A_0020_040_0060&amp;amp;solrQ=query†凡美田之法$solr_sortField†그룹정렬_s자료ID_s$solr_sortOrder†$solr_secId†GO_AA$solr_toalCount†1$solr_curPos†0$solr_solrId†BD_ITKC_GO_1298A_0020_040_0060&amp;amp;viewSync=TR 『山林經濟』 卷1, 治農]. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
凡美田之法。菉豆爲上。小豆胡麻 卽眞荏 次之。五六月中䆊種。七八月犁掩殺之。爲春穀田。則畒收十石。 무릇 밭을 걸게 하는 방법은 녹두가 제일이고 소두(小豆)ㆍ호마(胡麻) 진임(眞荏)이다. 가 다음인데, 5~6월중에 씨를 뿌렸다가 7~8월에 쟁기로 갈아엎어 죽이고, 봄 곡식 심을 밭을 만들면 그 묘(畝)에서 10석을 수확하게 된다. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:농사직설]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Jeeeun</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://dh.aks.ac.kr/~classics/wiki/index.php?title=NJ2018_Plowing_the_Soil&amp;diff=2789</id>
		<title>NJ2018 Plowing the Soil</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://dh.aks.ac.kr/~classics/wiki/index.php?title=NJ2018_Plowing_the_Soil&amp;diff=2789"/>
				<updated>2018-06-13T02:02:27Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Jeeeun: /* Original Script */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{NJ2018 TOC}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Original Script'''==&lt;br /&gt;
{|class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:70%&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;width:80%&amp;quot; | Text with Punctuation || style=&amp;quot;width:20%&amp;quot; | Text Image&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|耕地&lt;br /&gt;
耕地宜徐。 徐則土軟, 牛不疲困。 春夏耕宜淺, 秋耕宜深。 春耕, 則隨耕隨治; 秋耕, 則待土色乾白乃治。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○旱田: 初耕, 後布草燒之又耕, 則其田自美。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○薄田: 耕菉豆, 待其茂盛掩耕, 則不莠不虫, 燮塉爲良。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○荒地: 七八月間, 耕之掩草。 明年氷釋, 又耕, 後下種。 大抵荒地開墾, 初耕宜深, 再耕宜淺。&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【初深後淺, 則生地不起, 令土軟熟。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
||&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;html&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;table border=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot; align=&amp;quot;right&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;tr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;td align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href=&amp;quot;http://digerati.aks.ac.kr/DhLab/2018/103/jpg/page-04-1.jpg&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;img src=&amp;quot;http://digerati.aks.ac.kr/DhLab/2018/103/thumb/page-04-1_xs.jpg&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;04&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/td&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;td align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href=&amp;quot;http://digerati.aks.ac.kr/DhLab/2018/103/jpg/page-05-1.jpg&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;img src=&amp;quot;http://digerati.aks.ac.kr/DhLab/2018/103/thumb/page-05-1_xs.jpg&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;05&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/td&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/tr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/table&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/html&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Korean Translation'''==&lt;br /&gt;
'''땅갈이'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○땅갈이는 천천히 해야 한다. 천천히 하면 흙이 부드러워지고 소가 피곤을 느끼지 않는다. 봄과 여름의 밭갈이는 땅을 얕게 갈아야 하며, 가을의 밭갈이는 깊게 갈아야 한다. 봄 갈이는 밭을 갈면서 뒤따라 땅을 다스린다. 가을 갈이는 흙빛이 희게 마르기를 기다려 다스려야 한다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○'''한전'''은 처음 갈이한 후에 풀을 그 위에 펴고 불지른 다음 다시 갈면 그 밭이 저절로 좋은 밭이 된다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○'''박전'''에는 '''녹두'''를 심고 그것이 무성해진 다음 그대로 갈아 엎으면 가라지도 생기지 않으며 충해도 입지 않을 뿐더러 척박하던 땅이 좋은 밭으로 변하게 된다. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○'''황지'''는 7, 8월 사이에 갈이를 하고 풀을 덮어 둔다.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;세종실록 77권, 세종 19년 6월 13일 辛未 1번째기사 1437년 명 정통(正統) 2년[http://sillok.history.go.kr/id/WDA_11906013_001]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; 이듬해 얼음이 녹을 무렵 또 갈고 그 후에 씨앗을 뿌린다. 황지의 개간은 처음 갈이는 깊게 갈고 두 번 째 갈이를 얕게 간다. {{원주|처음에 깊게 갈고 나중에 얕게 갈아야 '''속땅'''이 일어나지 않아서, 흙이 부드러우면서도 비옥해진다.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''English Translation'''==&lt;br /&gt;
'''Plowing the Soil'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○ Plowing should be done slowly. When done slowly, the soil becomes '''soft''', and the ox does not tire. Spring and summer plowing should be shallow, and autumn plowing should be deep. For spring plowing, harrow the soil right after it is plowed; for autumn plowing, wait for the soil to dry out and turn light, then harrow. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○ For '''dry fields''', '''straw''' should be spread and burned after the first plowing. The fields will be naturally enriched after plowing again. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○ For '''poor fields''', plow and plant '''mung beans'''. When they become lush, turn over the soil as is. Then there will be no weeds and no insects, and the barren soil will become fertile. When the soil thaws in the following year, plow once more and then sow. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○ For '''uncultivated land''', plow between seventh and eighth (lunar) months and cover the land with '''grass'''. In general, when reclaiming uncultivated land, the first plowing should be deep and the second plowing should be shallow. {{Original Commentary|If you first plow deeply and then shallowly, the '''subsoil''' is not exposed, making the soil soft and fertile.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Glossary'''==&lt;br /&gt;
===Land Types===&lt;br /&gt;
'''Dry fields'''&lt;br /&gt;
*Chinese: 旱田&lt;br /&gt;
*Korean: 한전, 마른 밭&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Poor fields'''&lt;br /&gt;
*Chinese: 薄田&lt;br /&gt;
*Korean: 척박한 밭&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Uncultivated land'''&lt;br /&gt;
*Chinese: 荒地&lt;br /&gt;
*Korean: 황지&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Cultivation Methods===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Fertilization method: plant mung beans to make barren soil fertile&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Footnote'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Further Reading'''==&lt;br /&gt;
[http://db.itkc.or.kr/dir/item?itemId=GO#dir/node?dataId=ITKC_GO_1298A_0020_040_0060&amp;amp;solrQ=query†凡美田之法$solr_sortField†그룹정렬_s자료ID_s$solr_sortOrder†$solr_secId†GO_AA$solr_toalCount†1$solr_curPos†0$solr_solrId†BD_ITKC_GO_1298A_0020_040_0060&amp;amp;viewSync=TR 『山林經濟』 卷1, 治農]. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
凡美田之法。菉豆爲上。小豆胡麻 卽眞荏 次之。五六月中䆊種。七八月犁掩殺之。爲春穀田。則畒收十石。 무릇 밭을 걸게 하는 방법은 녹두가 제일이고 소두(小豆)ㆍ호마(胡麻) 진임(眞荏)이다. 가 다음인데, 5~6월중에 씨를 뿌렸다가 7~8월에 쟁기로 갈아엎어 죽이고, 봄 곡식 심을 밭을 만들면 그 묘(畝)에서 10석을 수확하게 된다. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:농사직설]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Jeeeun</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://dh.aks.ac.kr/~classics/wiki/index.php?title=NJ2018_Plowing_the_Soil&amp;diff=2788</id>
		<title>NJ2018 Plowing the Soil</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://dh.aks.ac.kr/~classics/wiki/index.php?title=NJ2018_Plowing_the_Soil&amp;diff=2788"/>
				<updated>2018-06-13T02:02:06Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Jeeeun: /* Korean Translation */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{NJ2018 TOC}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Original Script'''==&lt;br /&gt;
{|class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:70%&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;width:80%&amp;quot; | Text with Punctuation || style=&amp;quot;width:20%&amp;quot; | Text Image&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|耕地&lt;br /&gt;
○耕地宜徐。 徐則土軟, 牛不疲困。 春夏耕宜淺, 秋耕宜深。 春耕, 則隨耕隨治; 秋耕, 則待土色乾白乃治。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○旱田: 初耕, 後布草燒之又耕, 則其田自美。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○薄田: 耕菉豆, 待其茂盛掩耕, 則不莠不虫, 燮塉爲良。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○荒地: 七八月間, 耕之掩草。 明年氷釋, 又耕, 後下種。 大抵荒地開墾, 初耕宜深, 再耕宜淺。&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【初深後淺, 則生地不起, 令土軟熟。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
||&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;html&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;table border=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot; align=&amp;quot;right&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;tr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;td align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href=&amp;quot;http://digerati.aks.ac.kr/DhLab/2018/103/jpg/page-04-1.jpg&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;img src=&amp;quot;http://digerati.aks.ac.kr/DhLab/2018/103/thumb/page-04-1_xs.jpg&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;04&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/td&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;td align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href=&amp;quot;http://digerati.aks.ac.kr/DhLab/2018/103/jpg/page-05-1.jpg&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;img src=&amp;quot;http://digerati.aks.ac.kr/DhLab/2018/103/thumb/page-05-1_xs.jpg&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;05&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/td&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/tr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/table&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/html&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Korean Translation'''==&lt;br /&gt;
'''땅갈이'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○땅갈이는 천천히 해야 한다. 천천히 하면 흙이 부드러워지고 소가 피곤을 느끼지 않는다. 봄과 여름의 밭갈이는 땅을 얕게 갈아야 하며, 가을의 밭갈이는 깊게 갈아야 한다. 봄 갈이는 밭을 갈면서 뒤따라 땅을 다스린다. 가을 갈이는 흙빛이 희게 마르기를 기다려 다스려야 한다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○'''한전'''은 처음 갈이한 후에 풀을 그 위에 펴고 불지른 다음 다시 갈면 그 밭이 저절로 좋은 밭이 된다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○'''박전'''에는 '''녹두'''를 심고 그것이 무성해진 다음 그대로 갈아 엎으면 가라지도 생기지 않으며 충해도 입지 않을 뿐더러 척박하던 땅이 좋은 밭으로 변하게 된다. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○'''황지'''는 7, 8월 사이에 갈이를 하고 풀을 덮어 둔다.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;세종실록 77권, 세종 19년 6월 13일 辛未 1번째기사 1437년 명 정통(正統) 2년[http://sillok.history.go.kr/id/WDA_11906013_001]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; 이듬해 얼음이 녹을 무렵 또 갈고 그 후에 씨앗을 뿌린다. 황지의 개간은 처음 갈이는 깊게 갈고 두 번 째 갈이를 얕게 간다. {{원주|처음에 깊게 갈고 나중에 얕게 갈아야 '''속땅'''이 일어나지 않아서, 흙이 부드러우면서도 비옥해진다.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''English Translation'''==&lt;br /&gt;
'''Plowing the Soil'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○ Plowing should be done slowly. When done slowly, the soil becomes '''soft''', and the ox does not tire. Spring and summer plowing should be shallow, and autumn plowing should be deep. For spring plowing, harrow the soil right after it is plowed; for autumn plowing, wait for the soil to dry out and turn light, then harrow. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○ For '''dry fields''', '''straw''' should be spread and burned after the first plowing. The fields will be naturally enriched after plowing again. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○ For '''poor fields''', plow and plant '''mung beans'''. When they become lush, turn over the soil as is. Then there will be no weeds and no insects, and the barren soil will become fertile. When the soil thaws in the following year, plow once more and then sow. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○ For '''uncultivated land''', plow between seventh and eighth (lunar) months and cover the land with '''grass'''. In general, when reclaiming uncultivated land, the first plowing should be deep and the second plowing should be shallow. {{Original Commentary|If you first plow deeply and then shallowly, the '''subsoil''' is not exposed, making the soil soft and fertile.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Glossary'''==&lt;br /&gt;
===Land Types===&lt;br /&gt;
'''Dry fields'''&lt;br /&gt;
*Chinese: 旱田&lt;br /&gt;
*Korean: 한전, 마른 밭&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Poor fields'''&lt;br /&gt;
*Chinese: 薄田&lt;br /&gt;
*Korean: 척박한 밭&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Uncultivated land'''&lt;br /&gt;
*Chinese: 荒地&lt;br /&gt;
*Korean: 황지&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Cultivation Methods===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Fertilization method: plant mung beans to make barren soil fertile&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Footnote'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Further Reading'''==&lt;br /&gt;
[http://db.itkc.or.kr/dir/item?itemId=GO#dir/node?dataId=ITKC_GO_1298A_0020_040_0060&amp;amp;solrQ=query†凡美田之法$solr_sortField†그룹정렬_s자료ID_s$solr_sortOrder†$solr_secId†GO_AA$solr_toalCount†1$solr_curPos†0$solr_solrId†BD_ITKC_GO_1298A_0020_040_0060&amp;amp;viewSync=TR 『山林經濟』 卷1, 治農]. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
凡美田之法。菉豆爲上。小豆胡麻 卽眞荏 次之。五六月中䆊種。七八月犁掩殺之。爲春穀田。則畒收十石。 무릇 밭을 걸게 하는 방법은 녹두가 제일이고 소두(小豆)ㆍ호마(胡麻) 진임(眞荏)이다. 가 다음인데, 5~6월중에 씨를 뿌렸다가 7~8월에 쟁기로 갈아엎어 죽이고, 봄 곡식 심을 밭을 만들면 그 묘(畝)에서 10석을 수확하게 된다. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:농사직설]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Jeeeun</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://dh.aks.ac.kr/~classics/wiki/index.php?title=NJ2018_Cultivating_Sesame&amp;diff=2301</id>
		<title>NJ2018 Cultivating Sesame</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://dh.aks.ac.kr/~classics/wiki/index.php?title=NJ2018_Cultivating_Sesame&amp;diff=2301"/>
				<updated>2018-06-06T08:18:14Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Jeeeun: /* Korean Translation */&lt;/p&gt;
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=='''Original Script'''==&lt;br /&gt;
{|class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:70%&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
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|種胡麻&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【鄕名眞荏子。八稜者多油。】【附油麻。】: &amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
性宜荒地。&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【白壤尤良。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; &amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
四月間雨後, &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【不因雨則不生。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; 耕地撒種。 用檑木&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【鄕名: 古音波】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;, 破塊覆土。 鋤不過再。  &amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
隨熟刈之。 作束欲小。&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【束大難乾。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; 五六束相倚爲叢。  &amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
候口開, 逐束倒竪, 以小杖輕打, 取了還叢之。 三日一打, 四五遍乃盡。  &amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
若熟田則四月上旬, 麥根田則趂刈麥後, 和糞灰稀種。 &amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
○又一法, 以白胡麻三分, 晩小豆一分, 相和種之。 或以菉豆二分, 胡麻一分相和亦得。 耕訖作畝, 以所和種均撒覆土。 &amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
○油麻&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【鄕名水荏子】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;: 路邊或田畔宜種。 每科相去一尺。&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【密則無枝少實。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;。&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;td align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href=&amp;quot;http://digerati.aks.ac.kr/DhLab/2018/103/jpg/page-19-1.jpg&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;img src=&amp;quot;http://digerati.aks.ac.kr/DhLab/2018/103/thumb/page-19-1_xs.jpg&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;19&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/td&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Korean Translation'''==&lt;br /&gt;
'''호마 재배법{{원주|향명으로는 진임자이다. [유마는]팔릉 [품종]에 기름이 많다. 유마를 덧붙임}}'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[호마는] 성질이 '''황무지'''가 적합하다.{{원주|흰 토양이면 더욱 좋다.}}4월 중에 비가 내린 후 비가 내려 습하지 않으면 자라지 않는다. 땅을 갈고 씨를 뿌리며, '''뇌목'''{{원주|향명 고음파}}으로 흙덩이를 부수어 땅을 덮는다. 김매기는 2번 이상 하지 않고 익는대로 베어내서, '''작은 묶음'''으로 만든 후 묶음이 크면 건조가 어렵다, 5~6묶음을 서로 기대어 무더기를 만든다. [호마의] 입이 벌어지면 묶음마다 뒤집어 작은 막대로 가볍게 두드리는데, [호마를] 거두면 원래대로 무더기로 만들어 둔다. 3일에 한번씩 두드리는데, 4~5번이면 모두 끝난다. 만약 '''좋은 밭'''이라면 '''4월 상순'''에, '''맥근'''이라면 '''보리'''를 베어낸 직후에 '''분회'''와 섞어서 씨를 듬성듬성 뿌린다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○또 다른 방법은, '''백호마''' 3'''푼''', '''만소두''' 1'''푼'''을 섞어서 파종한다. 또는 '''녹두''' 2'''푼''', '''호마''' 1'''푼'''을 섞어도 괜찮다. 밭갈이가 끝나면 '''이랑'''을 만들고 섞은 종자들을 골고루 뿌린 후 흙을 덮는다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○'''유마'''{{원주|향명 수임자}}는 길가나 밭두둑에서 심기에 적합하다. 1'''과'''마다 1'''자'''의 거리를 둔다. 빽빽하면 가지가 없고 열매도 적다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''English Translation'''==&lt;br /&gt;
'''Cultivating Sesame {{Original Commentary|(Its common name is ''chamkkae'' and it has the most oil among the ''palleung'') Includes Perilla}}'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Wasteland''' is appropriate (for sesame). {{Original Commentary|'''White soil''' is even better.}} &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In the fourth (lunar) month after it rains {{Original Commentary|If it is not wet from the rain, it does not grow}}, plow the soil and scatter the seeds. Use a '''''noemok''''' {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''goeumpa''}} to break up the '''dirt clods''' and cover the soil. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Hoe no more than twice.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Harvest (the sesame) as it ripens. Tie them into small bundles {{Original Commentary|Large bundles are hard to dry}} and make a pile by propping five or six bundles up against each other. When the '''fruit''' of the sesame opens, flip each bundle upside down and tap it lightly with a small stick. '''取了還叢之''' Tap once every three days and (the seeds will completely fall out) after four or five times (of tapping). &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For '''fertile fields''': In the first week&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;A lunar month has three weeks of ten days each.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; of the fourth month, in the case of '''fields where barley had been grown''', immediately cut the barley, mix (the sesame seeds) with '''manure and ash''', and sparsely sow them. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
One other method: Mix three parts '''white sesame''' with one part '''late-planting red bean''' and sow the mixture. Or, mixing two parts '''mung bean''' with one part '''sesame''' is also fine. After plowing, make '''ridges''', scatter the seed mixture evenly, and cover with soil. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Perilla {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''tteulkkae''}} should be sown on the '''roadside''' or '''field banks'''. Every pit is spaced one '''foot''' apart. If dense, then there will be no branches and a small yield.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Glossary'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Footnote'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Further Reading'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:농사직설]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Jeeeun</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://dh.aks.ac.kr/~classics/wiki/index.php?title=NJ2018_Cultivating_Buckwheat&amp;diff=2300</id>
		<title>NJ2018 Cultivating Buckwheat</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://dh.aks.ac.kr/~classics/wiki/index.php?title=NJ2018_Cultivating_Buckwheat&amp;diff=2300"/>
				<updated>2018-06-06T08:17:16Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Jeeeun: /* Original Script */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{NJ2018 TOC}}&lt;br /&gt;
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=='''Original Script'''==&lt;br /&gt;
{|class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:70%&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
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|種蕎麥&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【鄕名木麥】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;br/&amp;gt; 蕎麥趂時爲良。&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【失時遇霜不收。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; &amp;lt;br/&amp;gt; 立秋在六月, 則節前三日內, 立秋在七月, 則節後三日內, 乃其時也。&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt; 宜荒地。 五月耕之。 得草爛, 六月又耕。 下種時, 又耕之。&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt; 種子一斗, 糞灰一石爲度。 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【灰小, 則漬種亦可。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; 田雖塉薄, 多糞灰, 則可收。&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt; 其實半黑半白, 刈之。倒竪, 則皆黑。 其早霜處, 宜早耕, 不必待立秋前後也。&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt; 若山林肥厚之地, 火耕撒種, 所收倍常。&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt; ○漬種法: 燒牛馬糞爲灰, 以廐池尿盛貯木槽中, 漬蕎麥種半日, 漉出。投灰中, 令灰粘着種子。&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
油麻。 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【本草白油麻, 唐人稱芝麻, 俗所爲眞荏子。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; 水蘇子。&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【俗稱水荏子】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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=='''Korean Translation'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!--&lt;br /&gt;
늦벼[晩稻]를 수경(水耕)할 때는 정월에 얼음이 녹을 때 간다. 거름[糞]을 넣거나 흙을 넣는 것은 올벼 재배법과 동일하다. {{원주|올해 흙을 넣었다면 내년에는 거름을 넣거나 잡초를 넣는 방식으로 교대한다.}}흙이 진흙투성이거나 푸석푸석하거나 찬물 기운[水冷]이 있다면 완전히 새 흙이나 사토(莎土)를 채워 넣는다. (토질이) 척박하다면 소똥, 말똥 및 가지에 달린 갈잎[杼葉] {{원주|향명(鄕名)으로는 가을초(加乙草)이다.}}을 깔아주는데, 인분(人糞), 누에똥잠사(蠶沙)도 좋다. {{원주|다만 많이 구하는 것이 어렵다.}}3월 상순에서 망종절(芒種節) 사이에 다시 간다. {{원주|대체로 망종절보다 늦게 갈고 파종하면 (수확이) 부실하다.}}종자 담그기, 파종하기, 종자 덮기, 물대기, 김매기 방법은 모두 올벼 재배법과 동일하다. {{원주|6월 보름 이전에 3번 김매는 것이 가장 좋다. 6월 이내에 3번 김매는 것이 그 다음이다. 여기에도 미치지 못하는 것은 가장 나쁘다.}}&lt;br /&gt;
--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
'''교맥 재배법'''{{원주|향명 메밀}}:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''교맥'''은 때에 맞추는 게 가장 좋다.{{원주|때를 놓치거나 서리를 만나면 수확하지 못한다.}}'''입추'''가 6월에 들었으면 '''입추''' 전 3일 이내에, '''입추'''가 7월에 들었으면 입추 후 3일 이내가 그 때이다. '''황무지'''가 [교맥 재배에] 적당하다. 5월에 밭을 간 후 풀이 무성해지면 6월에 다시 갈며, 종자를 심을 때 또 다시 간다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
종자 1말을 기준으로 '''분회''' 1'''섬'''을 [섞는 게] 적당하다.{{원주|분회가 적다면 종자를 적시는 방법도 가능하다.}}밭이 척박하더라도 분회가 많으면 수확할 수 있다. 열매가 절반은 검고 절반은 흴 때 베어낸다. 뒤집어 세우면 모두 검어진다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
만약 산림으로 인해 비옥하고 흙이 두꺼운 땅이라면 '''화경'''하여 종자를 뿌리는데, 수확이 보통 때의 두 배가 된다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○종자를 적시는 방법: '''소똥''', '''말똥'''을 태워 재로 만든다. 외양간 웅덩이에 모인 오줌을 '''나무구유'''에 담고, '''교맥''' 종자를 한나절 동안 [여기에] 담갔다가 걸러낸다. [이것을] 잿속에 던져서 재가 종자에 달라붙도록 만든다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○'''유마'''{{원주|'''본초'''에서는 '''백유마'''라고 하고, 중국사람들은 '''지마'''라고 부르는데, 보통 사람들은 '''진임자'''라고 부른다.}}'''수소자'''.{{원주|속칭 수임자이다.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''English Translation'''==&lt;br /&gt;
'''Cultivating Buckwheat {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''memil''.}}'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It is good to get the right timing with buckwheat. {{Original Commentary|If the right time is missed and the frost comes, the harvest will be lost.}} If the '''autumnal equinox''' falls in the sixth (lunar) month, then (the time to sow is) within three days before the '''autumnal equinox'''. If autumnal equinox falls in the seventh month, then (the time to sow) is within three days after the '''autumnal equinox'''.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Wastelands''' are appropriate (for planting buckwheat). &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
After plowing in the fifth month, wait for the grass to grow thick and plow again in the sixth month. Plow once again when sowing.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For one '''''mal''''' of seed, (mix) one '''''seom''''' of '''manure and ash'''. {{Original Commentary|If lacking ashes, then drenching the seeds in water is fine.}} Even if the fields are barren, if there is enough ash, then there can be a harvest.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If half of the grain is dark and half is light, then cut it. If turned upright, then all of it will darken.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In places with early frosts, plowing should be done early. There is no need to necessarily wait for the '''autumnal equinox'''.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If the soil is fertile and dense due to forests, '''slash-and-burn farming''' will double the normal harvest.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Seed Drenching Method: Prepare ash by burning '''cow and horse manure'''. Take '''urine''' from the stable and put it in a '''trough''' and soak (the seeds in the urine) for half a day. Then, take (the seeds) out (of the urine) and toss them into the ash so that they become completely covered (with ash).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Sesame {{Original Commentary|In medicine it is called ''baegyuma''. The people of Tang call it ''zhima''. Its common name chinimja}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Perilla {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''tteulkkae''}}&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Glossary'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!--&lt;br /&gt;
'''Mangjong'''&lt;br /&gt;
{{#section-h:농사직설_Glossary|'''Mangjong'''}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Night soil'''&lt;br /&gt;
{{#section-h:농사직설_Glossary|'''Night soil'''}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===&amp;quot;교맥&amp;quot;===&lt;br /&gt;
*한글: 교맥&lt;br /&gt;
*한자: 蕎麥&lt;br /&gt;
*영문: Buckwheat&lt;br /&gt;
*향명&lt;br /&gt;
**항명 한자: 木麥&lt;br /&gt;
**항명 한자음: 목맥 &lt;br /&gt;
이 글에서 교맥은 메밀이다. 종류는 대부분 여름 메밀과 가을 메밀로 나누어지는데, 여름 메밀은 5월 중순에서 하순 사이에 파종되고, 가을 메밀은 7월 중에 파종된다. 수확하는 시기는 여름 메밀의 경우 7월 하순이고 가을 메밀은 10월에 수확한다. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Contents/SearchNavi?keyword=%EB%A9%94%EB%B0%80&amp;amp;ridx=0&amp;amp;tot=17 한국민족대백과사전:메밀]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
====관련 사료====&lt;br /&gt;
*清, 郭雲陞 『救荒簡易書』, 권1, 清 光緖二十二年(1896) 郭氏刻本, 救荒月令, 六月條, pp49~50.&lt;br /&gt;
**蠶六月種&lt;br /&gt;
...&lt;br /&gt;
**大子蕎麥, 六月種. 【九月熟.】&lt;br /&gt;
**小子蕎麥, 六月種. 【九月熟.】&lt;br /&gt;
...&lt;br /&gt;
**苜蓿菜六月和蕎麥種.&lt;br /&gt;
**莙薘菜六月和蕎麥種.&lt;br /&gt;
...&lt;br /&gt;
*大子蕎麥, 六月種解. 王象晉羣芳譜曰, 蕎麥一名荍麥·一名烏麥·一名花蕎·一名甜蕎. 莖弱而翹, 然易長易收磨麫如麥. 故曰蕎而與麥同名. 又名甜蕎, 以别苦蕎也. 南北皆有之. 立秋前後下種. 宻種則實多, 稀種則實少. 王禎農書曰, 蕎麥立秋前後種. 宻種則實多, 稀種則實少. 齊民要術曰, 種蕎麥, 立秋前後, 皆十日内種也. 洧曲舊聞曰, 麥備四時之氣, 蕎麥葉靑, 花白, 莖赤, 子黑, 根黄. 亦具五方之色. 然方結實時, 最畏霜.  此時得雨, 則於結實, 尤宜且不成. 霜農家呼爲解, 霜雨雲聞. 洛陽縣老農曰, 立秋後, 聞雷聲, 則百日無霜, 蕎麥可廣種也.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*小子蕎麥, 六月種解. 小子蕎麥, 一名京子. 蕎麥一名, 快蕎麥, 六月種之, 比於大子蕎麥, 其熟更早也.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===&amp;quot;두&amp;quot;===&lt;br /&gt;
*한글: 두&lt;br /&gt;
*한자: 斗&lt;br /&gt;
*영문: Du&lt;br /&gt;
곡식이나 액체 가루 종류 등의 분량을 측정하는 그릇 및 단위이다. 본래 우리나라에서는 1석(石)을 15말[斗]로 규정하고 있었다. 상고에서 고려 문종시기 이전까지도 말은 단일 제도가 아니었고, 조선 세종 때 단위제 개혁이 일어나 단일 단위로 정형화 된 것이다. 조선 세종 시기 한 말은 5,964 입방 센티미터 이며, 현재는 한 말에 20리터이다. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Contents/SearchNavi?keyword=%EB%A7%90&amp;amp;ridx=2&amp;amp;tot=2723 한국민족문화대백과사전:말［斗］]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===&amp;quot;분&amp;quot;===&lt;br /&gt;
*한글: 분 &lt;br /&gt;
*한자: 糞&lt;br /&gt;
*영문: Manure&lt;br /&gt;
동물의 배설물을 말하는데, 이 글에서는 말이나 소의 배설물을 퇴비로 사용하기 때문이다. 퇴비는 토지를 비옥하게 함으로 매우 중요한 요소이다.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://hanja.dict.naver.com/hanja?q=%E7%B3%9E&amp;amp;cp_code=0&amp;amp;sound_id=0 네이버 한자사전:분]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===&amp;quot;조&amp;quot;===&lt;br /&gt;
*한글: 조 &lt;br /&gt;
*한자: 槽&lt;br /&gt;
*영문: Trough&lt;br /&gt;
구유 여물통이라고 하며, 소나 말 같은 가축에게 음식물을 먹이는 용도의 용기이다. 그러나 여기서는 동물의 배설물을 담는 용도로 쓰였다.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Contents/SearchNavi?keyword=%EA%B5%AC%EC%9C%A0&amp;amp;ridx=0&amp;amp;tot=5 한국민족문화대백과사전:구유]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===&amp;quot;유마&amp;quot;===&lt;br /&gt;
*한글: 유마 &lt;br /&gt;
*한자: 油麻&lt;br /&gt;
*영문: Yuma&lt;br /&gt;
한국에서는 &amp;quot;참깨&amp;quot;로 많이 알려져 있다. 또는 &amp;quot;호마(胡麻)&amp;quot;라고도 알려져 있다. 온도가 높고 기후가 일정한 지역에서 잘 자란다. 자라는 기간은 3-4개월 정도이다. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Contents/SearchNavi?keyword=%EC%B0%B8%EA%B9%A8&amp;amp;ridx=0&amp;amp;tot=26 한국민족문화대백과사전:참깨]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====&amp;quot;유마&amp;quot;관련자료====&lt;br /&gt;
*清　郭雲陞,『救荒簡易書』권1 清光緖二十二年(1896) 郭氏刻本. &lt;br /&gt;
**事物源始云, '張騫使西域至大宛, 得其種, 植於中國.' 或向名胡麻. 石勒時, 諱胡字改名芝麻. 隋大業四年(608), 改胡麻曰交麻, 一名油麻. 沈括筆談云, '胡麻卽今油麻, 一名脂麻.'&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===&amp;quot;수소자&amp;quot;===&lt;br /&gt;
*한글: 수소자&lt;br /&gt;
*한자: 水蘇子&lt;br /&gt;
*영문: Sosucha&lt;br /&gt;
한국에서는 &amp;quot;들깨&amp;quot;로 많이 알려져 있다. 그리고 다른 명칭으로는 &amp;quot;수임자&amp;quot;로 이름이 불린다. 보통 볶아서 가루를 내어 양념으로 만들어 먹는다. 꽃은 흰색이고 8월-9월에 핀다.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Contents/SearchNavi?keyword=%EB%93%A4%EA%B9%A8&amp;amp;ridx=0&amp;amp;tot=6 한국민족문화대백과사전:들깨]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====&amp;quot;수소자&amp;quot;관련사료====&lt;br /&gt;
*明　鮑山,『野菜博録』草部 권1, 四部叢刊三編景明本. &lt;br /&gt;
**水蘇子&lt;br /&gt;
***【水蘇子】:生于濕地. 莖淡紫色對生莖乂, 葉亦對生葉似地葉而窄邊有花鋸齒三尖乂葉稍間開深黄色花葉味辛.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Footnote'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Further Reading'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:농사직설]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Jeeeun</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://dh.aks.ac.kr/~classics/wiki/index.php?title=NJ2018_Cultivating_Buckwheat&amp;diff=2297</id>
		<title>NJ2018 Cultivating Buckwheat</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://dh.aks.ac.kr/~classics/wiki/index.php?title=NJ2018_Cultivating_Buckwheat&amp;diff=2297"/>
				<updated>2018-06-06T08:12:56Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Jeeeun: /* Korean Translation */&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;div&gt;{{NJ2018 TOC}}&lt;br /&gt;
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=='''Original Script'''==&lt;br /&gt;
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|種蕎麥&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【鄕名木麥】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;br/&amp;gt; 蕎麥趂時爲良。&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【失時遇霜不收。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; &amp;lt;br/&amp;gt; 立秋在六月, 則節前三日內, 立秋在七月, 則節後三日內, 乃其時也。&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt; 宜荒地。 五月耕之。 得草爛, 六月又耕。 下種時, 又耕之。&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt; 種子一斗, 糞灰一石爲度。 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【灰小, 則漬種亦可。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; 田雖塉薄, 多糞灰, 則可收。&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt; 其實半黑半白, 刈之。倒竪, 則皆黑。 其早霜處, 宜早耕, 不必待立秋前後也。&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt; 若山林肥厚之地, 火耕撒種, 所收倍常。&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt; ○漬種法: 燒牛馬糞爲灰, 以廐池尿盛貯木槽中, 漬蕎麥種半日, 漉出。投灰中, 令灰粘着種子。&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt; 油麻。 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【本草白油麻, 唐人稱芝麻, 俗所爲眞荏子。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; 水蘇子。&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【俗稱水荏子】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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|}&lt;br /&gt;
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=='''Korean Translation'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!--&lt;br /&gt;
늦벼[晩稻]를 수경(水耕)할 때는 정월에 얼음이 녹을 때 간다. 거름[糞]을 넣거나 흙을 넣는 것은 올벼 재배법과 동일하다. {{원주|올해 흙을 넣었다면 내년에는 거름을 넣거나 잡초를 넣는 방식으로 교대한다.}}흙이 진흙투성이거나 푸석푸석하거나 찬물 기운[水冷]이 있다면 완전히 새 흙이나 사토(莎土)를 채워 넣는다. (토질이) 척박하다면 소똥, 말똥 및 가지에 달린 갈잎[杼葉] {{원주|향명(鄕名)으로는 가을초(加乙草)이다.}}을 깔아주는데, 인분(人糞), 누에똥잠사(蠶沙)도 좋다. {{원주|다만 많이 구하는 것이 어렵다.}}3월 상순에서 망종절(芒種節) 사이에 다시 간다. {{원주|대체로 망종절보다 늦게 갈고 파종하면 (수확이) 부실하다.}}종자 담그기, 파종하기, 종자 덮기, 물대기, 김매기 방법은 모두 올벼 재배법과 동일하다. {{원주|6월 보름 이전에 3번 김매는 것이 가장 좋다. 6월 이내에 3번 김매는 것이 그 다음이다. 여기에도 미치지 못하는 것은 가장 나쁘다.}}&lt;br /&gt;
--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
'''교맥 재배법'''{{원주|향명 메밀}}:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''교맥'''은 때에 맞추는 게 가장 좋다.{{원주|때를 놓치거나 서리를 만나면 수확하지 못한다.}}'''입추'''가 6월에 들었으면 '''입추''' 전 3일 이내에, '''입추'''가 7월에 들었으면 입추 후 3일 이내가 그 때이다. '''황무지'''가 [교맥 재배에] 적당하다. 5월에 밭을 간 후 풀이 무성해지면 6월에 다시 갈며, 종자를 심을 때 또 다시 간다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
종자 1말을 기준으로 '''분회''' 1'''섬'''을 [섞는 게] 적당하다.{{원주|분회가 적다면 종자를 적시는 방법도 가능하다.}}밭이 척박하더라도 분회가 많으면 수확할 수 있다. 열매가 절반은 검고 절반은 흴 때 베어낸다. 뒤집어 세우면 모두 검어진다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
만약 산림으로 인해 비옥하고 흙이 두꺼운 땅이라면 '''화경'''하여 종자를 뿌리는데, 수확이 보통 때의 두 배가 된다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○종자를 적시는 방법: '''소똥''', '''말똥'''을 태워 재로 만든다. 외양간 웅덩이에 모인 오줌을 '''나무구유'''에 담고, '''교맥''' 종자를 한나절 동안 [여기에] 담갔다가 걸러낸다. [이것을] 잿속에 던져서 재가 종자에 달라붙도록 만든다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○'''유마'''{{원주|'''본초'''에서는 '''백유마'''라고 하고, 중국사람들은 '''지마'''라고 부르는데, 보통 사람들은 '''진임자'''라고 부른다.}}'''수소자'''.{{원주|속칭 수임자이다.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''English Translation'''==&lt;br /&gt;
'''Cultivating Buckwheat {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''memil''.}}'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It is good to get the right timing with buckwheat. {{Original Commentary|If the right time is missed and the frost comes, the harvest will be lost.}} If the '''autumnal equinox''' falls in the sixth (lunar) month, then (the time to sow is) within three days before the '''autumnal equinox'''. If autumnal equinox falls in the seventh month, then (the time to sow) is within three days after the '''autumnal equinox'''.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Wastelands''' are appropriate (for planting buckwheat). &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
After plowing in the fifth month, wait for the grass to grow thick and plow again in the sixth month. Plow once again when sowing.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For one '''''mal''''' of seed, (mix) one '''''seom''''' of '''manure and ash'''. {{Original Commentary|If lacking ashes, then drenching the seeds in water is fine.}} Even if the fields are barren, if there is enough ash, then there can be a harvest.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If half of the grain is dark and half is light, then cut it. If turned upright, then all of it will darken.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In places with early frosts, plowing should be done early. There is no need to necessarily wait for the '''autumnal equinox'''.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If the soil is fertile and dense due to forests, '''slash-and-burn farming''' will double the normal harvest.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Seed Drenching Method: Prepare ash by burning '''cow and horse manure'''. Take '''urine''' from the stable and put it in a '''trough''' and soak (the seeds in the urine) for half a day. Then, take (the seeds) out (of the urine) and toss them into the ash so that they become completely covered (with ash).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Sesame {{Original Commentary|In medicine it is called ''baegyuma''. The people of Tang call it ''zhima''. Its common name chinimja}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Perilla {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''tteulkkae''}}&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Glossary'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!--&lt;br /&gt;
'''Mangjong'''&lt;br /&gt;
{{#section-h:농사직설_Glossary|'''Mangjong'''}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Night soil'''&lt;br /&gt;
{{#section-h:농사직설_Glossary|'''Night soil'''}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===&amp;quot;교맥&amp;quot;===&lt;br /&gt;
*한글: 교맥&lt;br /&gt;
*한자: 蕎麥&lt;br /&gt;
*영문: Buckwheat&lt;br /&gt;
*향명&lt;br /&gt;
**항명 한자: 木麥&lt;br /&gt;
**항명 한자음: 목맥 &lt;br /&gt;
이 글에서 교맥은 메밀이다. 종류는 대부분 여름 메밀과 가을 메밀로 나누어지는데, 여름 메밀은 5월 중순에서 하순 사이에 파종되고, 가을 메밀은 7월 중에 파종된다. 수확하는 시기는 여름 메밀의 경우 7월 하순이고 가을 메밀은 10월에 수확한다. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Contents/SearchNavi?keyword=%EB%A9%94%EB%B0%80&amp;amp;ridx=0&amp;amp;tot=17 한국민족대백과사전:메밀]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
====관련 사료====&lt;br /&gt;
*清, 郭雲陞 『救荒簡易書』, 권1, 清 光緖二十二年(1896) 郭氏刻本, 救荒月令, 六月條, pp49~50.&lt;br /&gt;
**蠶六月種&lt;br /&gt;
...&lt;br /&gt;
**大子蕎麥, 六月種. 【九月熟.】&lt;br /&gt;
**小子蕎麥, 六月種. 【九月熟.】&lt;br /&gt;
...&lt;br /&gt;
**苜蓿菜六月和蕎麥種.&lt;br /&gt;
**莙薘菜六月和蕎麥種.&lt;br /&gt;
...&lt;br /&gt;
*大子蕎麥, 六月種解. 王象晉羣芳譜曰, 蕎麥一名荍麥·一名烏麥·一名花蕎·一名甜蕎. 莖弱而翹, 然易長易收磨麫如麥. 故曰蕎而與麥同名. 又名甜蕎, 以别苦蕎也. 南北皆有之. 立秋前後下種. 宻種則實多, 稀種則實少. 王禎農書曰, 蕎麥立秋前後種. 宻種則實多, 稀種則實少. 齊民要術曰, 種蕎麥, 立秋前後, 皆十日内種也. 洧曲舊聞曰, 麥備四時之氣, 蕎麥葉靑, 花白, 莖赤, 子黑, 根黄. 亦具五方之色. 然方結實時, 最畏霜.  此時得雨, 則於結實, 尤宜且不成. 霜農家呼爲解, 霜雨雲聞. 洛陽縣老農曰, 立秋後, 聞雷聲, 則百日無霜, 蕎麥可廣種也.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*小子蕎麥, 六月種解. 小子蕎麥, 一名京子. 蕎麥一名, 快蕎麥, 六月種之, 比於大子蕎麥, 其熟更早也.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===&amp;quot;두&amp;quot;===&lt;br /&gt;
*한글: 두&lt;br /&gt;
*한자: 斗&lt;br /&gt;
*영문: Du&lt;br /&gt;
곡식이나 액체 가루 종류 등의 분량을 측정하는 그릇 및 단위이다. 본래 우리나라에서는 1석(石)을 15말[斗]로 규정하고 있었다. 상고에서 고려 문종시기 이전까지도 말은 단일 제도가 아니었고, 조선 세종 때 단위제 개혁이 일어나 단일 단위로 정형화 된 것이다. 조선 세종 시기 한 말은 5,964 입방 센티미터 이며, 현재는 한 말에 20리터이다. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Contents/SearchNavi?keyword=%EB%A7%90&amp;amp;ridx=2&amp;amp;tot=2723 한국민족문화대백과사전:말［斗］]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===&amp;quot;분&amp;quot;===&lt;br /&gt;
*한글: 분 &lt;br /&gt;
*한자: 糞&lt;br /&gt;
*영문: Manure&lt;br /&gt;
동물의 배설물을 말하는데, 이 글에서는 말이나 소의 배설물을 퇴비로 사용하기 때문이다. 퇴비는 토지를 비옥하게 함으로 매우 중요한 요소이다.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://hanja.dict.naver.com/hanja?q=%E7%B3%9E&amp;amp;cp_code=0&amp;amp;sound_id=0 네이버 한자사전:분]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===&amp;quot;조&amp;quot;===&lt;br /&gt;
*한글: 조 &lt;br /&gt;
*한자: 槽&lt;br /&gt;
*영문: Trough&lt;br /&gt;
구유 여물통이라고 하며, 소나 말 같은 가축에게 음식물을 먹이는 용도의 용기이다. 그러나 여기서는 동물의 배설물을 담는 용도로 쓰였다.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Contents/SearchNavi?keyword=%EA%B5%AC%EC%9C%A0&amp;amp;ridx=0&amp;amp;tot=5 한국민족문화대백과사전:구유]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===&amp;quot;유마&amp;quot;===&lt;br /&gt;
*한글: 유마 &lt;br /&gt;
*한자: 油麻&lt;br /&gt;
*영문: Yuma&lt;br /&gt;
한국에서는 &amp;quot;참깨&amp;quot;로 많이 알려져 있다. 또는 &amp;quot;호마(胡麻)&amp;quot;라고도 알려져 있다. 온도가 높고 기후가 일정한 지역에서 잘 자란다. 자라는 기간은 3-4개월 정도이다. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Contents/SearchNavi?keyword=%EC%B0%B8%EA%B9%A8&amp;amp;ridx=0&amp;amp;tot=26 한국민족문화대백과사전:참깨]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====&amp;quot;유마&amp;quot;관련자료====&lt;br /&gt;
*清　郭雲陞,『救荒簡易書』권1 清光緖二十二年(1896) 郭氏刻本. &lt;br /&gt;
**事物源始云, '張騫使西域至大宛, 得其種, 植於中國.' 或向名胡麻. 石勒時, 諱胡字改名芝麻. 隋大業四年(608), 改胡麻曰交麻, 一名油麻. 沈括筆談云, '胡麻卽今油麻, 一名脂麻.'&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===&amp;quot;수소자&amp;quot;===&lt;br /&gt;
*한글: 수소자&lt;br /&gt;
*한자: 水蘇子&lt;br /&gt;
*영문: Sosucha&lt;br /&gt;
한국에서는 &amp;quot;들깨&amp;quot;로 많이 알려져 있다. 그리고 다른 명칭으로는 &amp;quot;수임자&amp;quot;로 이름이 불린다. 보통 볶아서 가루를 내어 양념으로 만들어 먹는다. 꽃은 흰색이고 8월-9월에 핀다.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Contents/SearchNavi?keyword=%EB%93%A4%EA%B9%A8&amp;amp;ridx=0&amp;amp;tot=6 한국민족문화대백과사전:들깨]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====&amp;quot;수소자&amp;quot;관련사료====&lt;br /&gt;
*明　鮑山,『野菜博録』草部 권1, 四部叢刊三編景明本. &lt;br /&gt;
**水蘇子&lt;br /&gt;
***【水蘇子】:生于濕地. 莖淡紫色對生莖乂, 葉亦對生葉似地葉而窄邊有花鋸齒三尖乂葉稍間開深黄色花葉味辛.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Footnote'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Further Reading'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:농사직설]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Jeeeun</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://dh.aks.ac.kr/~classics/wiki/index.php?title=NJ2018_Cultivating_Buckwheat&amp;diff=2296</id>
		<title>NJ2018 Cultivating Buckwheat</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://dh.aks.ac.kr/~classics/wiki/index.php?title=NJ2018_Cultivating_Buckwheat&amp;diff=2296"/>
				<updated>2018-06-06T08:12:20Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Jeeeun: /* Original Script */&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;div&gt;{{NJ2018 TOC}}&lt;br /&gt;
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=='''Original Script'''==&lt;br /&gt;
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|種蕎麥&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【鄕名木麥】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;: &amp;lt;br/&amp;gt; 蕎麥趂時爲良。&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【失時遇霜不收。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; &amp;lt;br/&amp;gt; 立秋在六月, 則節前三日內, 立秋在七月, 則節後三日內, 乃其時也。&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt; 宜荒地。 五月耕之。 得草爛, 六月又耕。 下種時, 又耕之。&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt; 種子一斗, 糞灰一石爲度。 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【灰小, 則漬種亦可。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; 田雖塉薄, 多糞灰, 則可收。&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt; 其實半黑半白, 刈之。倒竪, 則皆黑。 其早霜處, 宜早耕, 不必待立秋前後也。&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt; 若山林肥厚之地, 火耕撒種, 所收倍常。&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt; ○漬種法: 燒牛馬糞爲灰, 以廐池尿盛貯木槽中, 漬蕎麥種半日, 漉出。投灰中, 令灰粘着種子。&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt; 油麻。 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【本草白油麻, 唐人稱芝麻, 俗所爲眞荏子。】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; 水蘇子。&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;【俗稱水荏子】&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;a href=&amp;quot;http://digerati.aks.ac.kr/DhLab/2018/103/jpg/page-19-1.jpg&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;img src=&amp;quot;http://digerati.aks.ac.kr/DhLab/2018/103/thumb/page-19-1_xs.jpg&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;19&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/td&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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|}&lt;br /&gt;
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=='''Korean Translation'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!--&lt;br /&gt;
늦벼[晩稻]를 수경(水耕)할 때는 정월에 얼음이 녹을 때 간다. 거름[糞]을 넣거나 흙을 넣는 것은 올벼 재배법과 동일하다. {{원주|올해 흙을 넣었다면 내년에는 거름을 넣거나 잡초를 넣는 방식으로 교대한다.}}흙이 진흙투성이거나 푸석푸석하거나 찬물 기운[水冷]이 있다면 완전히 새 흙이나 사토(莎土)를 채워 넣는다. (토질이) 척박하다면 소똥, 말똥 및 가지에 달린 갈잎[杼葉] {{원주|향명(鄕名)으로는 가을초(加乙草)이다.}}을 깔아주는데, 인분(人糞), 누에똥잠사(蠶沙)도 좋다. {{원주|다만 많이 구하는 것이 어렵다.}}3월 상순에서 망종절(芒種節) 사이에 다시 간다. {{원주|대체로 망종절보다 늦게 갈고 파종하면 (수확이) 부실하다.}}종자 담그기, 파종하기, 종자 덮기, 물대기, 김매기 방법은 모두 올벼 재배법과 동일하다. {{원주|6월 보름 이전에 3번 김매는 것이 가장 좋다. 6월 이내에 3번 김매는 것이 그 다음이다. 여기에도 미치지 못하는 것은 가장 나쁘다.}}&lt;br /&gt;
--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
'''교맥 재배법'''{{원주|향명 메밀}}:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
○'''교맥'''은 때에 맞추는 게 가장 좋다.{{원주|때를 놓치거나 서리를 만나면 수확하지 못한다.}}'''입추'''가 6월에 들었으면 '''입추''' 전 3일 이내에, '''입추'''가 7월에 들었으면 입추 후 3일 이내가 그 때이다. '''황무지'''가 [교맥 재배에] 적당하다. 5월에 밭을 간 후 풀이 무성해지면 6월에 다시 갈며, 종자를 심을 때 또 다시 간다.&lt;br /&gt;
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종자 1말을 기준으로 '''분회''' 1'''섬'''을 [섞는 게] 적당하다.{{원주|분회가 적다면 종자를 적시는 방법도 가능하다.}}밭이 척박하더라도 분회가 많으면 수확할 수 있다. 열매가 절반은 검고 절반은 흴 때 베어낸다. 뒤집어 세우면 모두 검어진다.&lt;br /&gt;
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만약 산림으로 인해 비옥하고 흙이 두꺼운 땅이라면 '''화경'''하여 종자를 뿌리는데, 수확이 보통 때의 두 배가 된다.&lt;br /&gt;
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○종자를 적시는 방법: '''소똥''', '''말똥'''을 태워 재로 만든다. 외양간 웅덩이에 모인 오줌을 '''나무구유'''에 담고, '''교맥''' 종자를 한나절 동안 [여기에] 담갔다가 걸러낸다. [이것을] 잿속에 던져서 재가 종자에 달라붙도록 만든다.&lt;br /&gt;
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○'''유마'''{{원주|'''본초'''에서는 '''백유마'''라고 하고, 중국사람들은 '''지마'''라고 부르는데, 보통 사람들은 '''진임자'''라고 부른다.}}'''수소자'''.{{원주|속칭 수임자이다.}}&lt;br /&gt;
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=='''English Translation'''==&lt;br /&gt;
'''Cultivating Buckwheat {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''memil''.}}'''&lt;br /&gt;
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It is good to get the right timing with buckwheat. {{Original Commentary|If the right time is missed and the frost comes, the harvest will be lost.}} If the '''autumnal equinox''' falls in the sixth (lunar) month, then (the time to sow is) within three days before the '''autumnal equinox'''. If autumnal equinox falls in the seventh month, then (the time to sow) is within three days after the '''autumnal equinox'''.&lt;br /&gt;
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'''Wastelands''' are appropriate (for planting buckwheat). &lt;br /&gt;
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After plowing in the fifth month, wait for the grass to grow thick and plow again in the sixth month. Plow once again when sowing.&lt;br /&gt;
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For one '''''mal''''' of seed, (mix) one '''''seom''''' of '''manure and ash'''. {{Original Commentary|If lacking ashes, then drenching the seeds in water is fine.}} Even if the fields are barren, if there is enough ash, then there can be a harvest.&lt;br /&gt;
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If half of the grain is dark and half is light, then cut it. If turned upright, then all of it will darken.&lt;br /&gt;
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In places with early frosts, plowing should be done early. There is no need to necessarily wait for the '''autumnal equinox'''.&lt;br /&gt;
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If the soil is fertile and dense due to forests, '''slash-and-burn farming''' will double the normal harvest.&lt;br /&gt;
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Seed Drenching Method: Prepare ash by burning '''cow and horse manure'''. Take '''urine''' from the stable and put it in a '''trough''' and soak (the seeds in the urine) for half a day. Then, take (the seeds) out (of the urine) and toss them into the ash so that they become completely covered (with ash).&lt;br /&gt;
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Sesame {{Original Commentary|In medicine it is called ''baegyuma''. The people of Tang call it ''zhima''. Its common name chinimja}}&lt;br /&gt;
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Perilla {{Original Commentary|Its common name is ''tteulkkae''}}&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;references group=&amp;quot;EN&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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=='''Glossary'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!--&lt;br /&gt;
'''Mangjong'''&lt;br /&gt;
{{#section-h:농사직설_Glossary|'''Mangjong'''}}&lt;br /&gt;
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'''Night soil'''&lt;br /&gt;
{{#section-h:농사직설_Glossary|'''Night soil'''}}&lt;br /&gt;
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--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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===&amp;quot;교맥&amp;quot;===&lt;br /&gt;
*한글: 교맥&lt;br /&gt;
*한자: 蕎麥&lt;br /&gt;
*영문: Buckwheat&lt;br /&gt;
*향명&lt;br /&gt;
**항명 한자: 木麥&lt;br /&gt;
**항명 한자음: 목맥 &lt;br /&gt;
이 글에서 교맥은 메밀이다. 종류는 대부분 여름 메밀과 가을 메밀로 나누어지는데, 여름 메밀은 5월 중순에서 하순 사이에 파종되고, 가을 메밀은 7월 중에 파종된다. 수확하는 시기는 여름 메밀의 경우 7월 하순이고 가을 메밀은 10월에 수확한다. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Contents/SearchNavi?keyword=%EB%A9%94%EB%B0%80&amp;amp;ridx=0&amp;amp;tot=17 한국민족대백과사전:메밀]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
====관련 사료====&lt;br /&gt;
*清, 郭雲陞 『救荒簡易書』, 권1, 清 光緖二十二年(1896) 郭氏刻本, 救荒月令, 六月條, pp49~50.&lt;br /&gt;
**蠶六月種&lt;br /&gt;
...&lt;br /&gt;
**大子蕎麥, 六月種. 【九月熟.】&lt;br /&gt;
**小子蕎麥, 六月種. 【九月熟.】&lt;br /&gt;
...&lt;br /&gt;
**苜蓿菜六月和蕎麥種.&lt;br /&gt;
**莙薘菜六月和蕎麥種.&lt;br /&gt;
...&lt;br /&gt;
*大子蕎麥, 六月種解. 王象晉羣芳譜曰, 蕎麥一名荍麥·一名烏麥·一名花蕎·一名甜蕎. 莖弱而翹, 然易長易收磨麫如麥. 故曰蕎而與麥同名. 又名甜蕎, 以别苦蕎也. 南北皆有之. 立秋前後下種. 宻種則實多, 稀種則實少. 王禎農書曰, 蕎麥立秋前後種. 宻種則實多, 稀種則實少. 齊民要術曰, 種蕎麥, 立秋前後, 皆十日内種也. 洧曲舊聞曰, 麥備四時之氣, 蕎麥葉靑, 花白, 莖赤, 子黑, 根黄. 亦具五方之色. 然方結實時, 最畏霜.  此時得雨, 則於結實, 尤宜且不成. 霜農家呼爲解, 霜雨雲聞. 洛陽縣老農曰, 立秋後, 聞雷聲, 則百日無霜, 蕎麥可廣種也.&lt;br /&gt;
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*小子蕎麥, 六月種解. 小子蕎麥, 一名京子. 蕎麥一名, 快蕎麥, 六月種之, 比於大子蕎麥, 其熟更早也.&lt;br /&gt;
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===&amp;quot;두&amp;quot;===&lt;br /&gt;
*한글: 두&lt;br /&gt;
*한자: 斗&lt;br /&gt;
*영문: Du&lt;br /&gt;
곡식이나 액체 가루 종류 등의 분량을 측정하는 그릇 및 단위이다. 본래 우리나라에서는 1석(石)을 15말[斗]로 규정하고 있었다. 상고에서 고려 문종시기 이전까지도 말은 단일 제도가 아니었고, 조선 세종 때 단위제 개혁이 일어나 단일 단위로 정형화 된 것이다. 조선 세종 시기 한 말은 5,964 입방 센티미터 이며, 현재는 한 말에 20리터이다. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Contents/SearchNavi?keyword=%EB%A7%90&amp;amp;ridx=2&amp;amp;tot=2723 한국민족문화대백과사전:말［斗］]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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===&amp;quot;분&amp;quot;===&lt;br /&gt;
*한글: 분 &lt;br /&gt;
*한자: 糞&lt;br /&gt;
*영문: Manure&lt;br /&gt;
동물의 배설물을 말하는데, 이 글에서는 말이나 소의 배설물을 퇴비로 사용하기 때문이다. 퇴비는 토지를 비옥하게 함으로 매우 중요한 요소이다.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://hanja.dict.naver.com/hanja?q=%E7%B3%9E&amp;amp;cp_code=0&amp;amp;sound_id=0 네이버 한자사전:분]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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===&amp;quot;조&amp;quot;===&lt;br /&gt;
*한글: 조 &lt;br /&gt;
*한자: 槽&lt;br /&gt;
*영문: Trough&lt;br /&gt;
구유 여물통이라고 하며, 소나 말 같은 가축에게 음식물을 먹이는 용도의 용기이다. 그러나 여기서는 동물의 배설물을 담는 용도로 쓰였다.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Contents/SearchNavi?keyword=%EA%B5%AC%EC%9C%A0&amp;amp;ridx=0&amp;amp;tot=5 한국민족문화대백과사전:구유]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  &lt;br /&gt;
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===&amp;quot;유마&amp;quot;===&lt;br /&gt;
*한글: 유마 &lt;br /&gt;
*한자: 油麻&lt;br /&gt;
*영문: Yuma&lt;br /&gt;
한국에서는 &amp;quot;참깨&amp;quot;로 많이 알려져 있다. 또는 &amp;quot;호마(胡麻)&amp;quot;라고도 알려져 있다. 온도가 높고 기후가 일정한 지역에서 잘 자란다. 자라는 기간은 3-4개월 정도이다. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Contents/SearchNavi?keyword=%EC%B0%B8%EA%B9%A8&amp;amp;ridx=0&amp;amp;tot=26 한국민족문화대백과사전:참깨]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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====&amp;quot;유마&amp;quot;관련자료====&lt;br /&gt;
*清　郭雲陞,『救荒簡易書』권1 清光緖二十二年(1896) 郭氏刻本. &lt;br /&gt;
**事物源始云, '張騫使西域至大宛, 得其種, 植於中國.' 或向名胡麻. 石勒時, 諱胡字改名芝麻. 隋大業四年(608), 改胡麻曰交麻, 一名油麻. 沈括筆談云, '胡麻卽今油麻, 一名脂麻.'&lt;br /&gt;
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===&amp;quot;수소자&amp;quot;===&lt;br /&gt;
*한글: 수소자&lt;br /&gt;
*한자: 水蘇子&lt;br /&gt;
*영문: Sosucha&lt;br /&gt;
한국에서는 &amp;quot;들깨&amp;quot;로 많이 알려져 있다. 그리고 다른 명칭으로는 &amp;quot;수임자&amp;quot;로 이름이 불린다. 보통 볶아서 가루를 내어 양념으로 만들어 먹는다. 꽃은 흰색이고 8월-9월에 핀다.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Contents/SearchNavi?keyword=%EB%93%A4%EA%B9%A8&amp;amp;ridx=0&amp;amp;tot=6 한국민족문화대백과사전:들깨]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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====&amp;quot;수소자&amp;quot;관련사료====&lt;br /&gt;
*明　鮑山,『野菜博録』草部 권1, 四部叢刊三編景明本. &lt;br /&gt;
**水蘇子&lt;br /&gt;
***【水蘇子】:生于濕地. 莖淡紫色對生莖乂, 葉亦對生葉似地葉而窄邊有花鋸齒三尖乂葉稍間開深黄色花葉味辛.&lt;br /&gt;
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=='''Footnote'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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=='''Further Reading'''==&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Category:농사직설]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Jeeeun</name></author>	</entry>

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