2019 JSG Summer Hanmun Workshop (Intermediate)

장서각위키
Admin (토론 | 기여) 사용자의 2019년 6월 27일 (목) 11:02 판 (Session 3: 選讀 Short Passages for Practice)

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Description

The purpose of this course is to provide students an intensive training in what is commonly referred to as “classical Chinese,” or hanmun, which constitutes the nucleus of the literary languages of premodern China, Korea, and Japan. Because this workshop is intended for future researchers and scholars of premodern Korean culture in a broader context of East Asian civilization, which some call the “Sinosphere,” we will focus on the most fundamental sentence patterns and grammatical devices commonly used in hanmun, exploring some canonical texts that embody the linguistic and cultural grammars of classical Chinese literature. Each day, the class will study grammatical devices and patterns with simple sentences and read (excerpts of) regular hanmun texts for applied practice. We will read and critically analyze the texts, with which to formulate an academically-minded English translation of them. At the end of the workshop, students are expected to become familiar with different types of texts, to gain first-hand knowledge around the original texts of old Korean books, and more importantly, to become intellectually independent in their own future research critically engaging primary texts.


Class

A daily class is divided into three sessions. In Session 1 we read the Kyemong p’yŏn 啓蒙篇 (A Chapter to Enlighten the Unenlightened), a collection of short prose-sentences to initiate beginners in hanmun texts. The class comprises studying syntactic and morphological patterns established by grammatical words, building up from the simplest forms to the more complex. In Session 2 we read the Ch’ugu 推句 (Versed Lines), a collection of quatrains epitomizing hanmun verses for those who have finished Ch’ŏnjamun 千字文 (Thousand-character text). Studying with Ch’ugu and Kyemong pyŏn allows us to experience a most typical foundation of hanmun education in both poetic- and prose-style sentences. The first two sessions will intensively engage two fundamental practices of hanmun literacy: parsing (both vocal and visual) and close reading. In Session 3 we translate excerpts from various literary pieces from China and Korea, applying the practices we learn in the first two sessions. The underlying focus of the study progresses as follows:


  • Week 1 : basic structure, predication and commenting, parts of speech and word order, substantives and predicatives, nouns and pronouns, action verbs and stative verbs, adverbs, etc.
  • Week 2 : discourse and context, parallelism and correspondence, building contexts and “dragging”, conjunctives and connectives, 語氣詞 and 語助詞
  • Week 3 : intertextuality, allusions, and pattern, literary precedents and elicitors


Reading the original text together, parsing its sentences, and carefully analyzing parts both syntactically and semantically, which will form a basic training of translation. The instructor will give lectures when needed, to reinforce the knowledge of grammatical words, information on reference tools, and relevant sociocultural context of fundamental importance. Each student will be responsible for looking up and learning unfamiliar hantcha, practicing to punctuate sentences that were studied in the previous classes, and participating in drafting translations. The outcome of translation will be archived and shared.


Translation: We aim to practice academic translation. An academic translation should prove to be comprehensive to an intellectual reader for whom no previous knowledge of or about the text is assumed, rendered in a clear, precise, yet hermeneutically nuanced language. There are four aspects of concentration in our training:


(1) Faithfulness to the original text
(2) Linguistic clarity of the translating language
(3) Detailed annotation to integrate contextual and intertextual information
(4) Observance of academic convention for translation


Instructor


Participants

연도 성명 국적 소속 직위 연구/전공분야 그룹
2019 - - - - - Intermediate Training Group

Schedule

  • Session 1 - 9:00–10:30 AM
  • Session 2 - 10:40 AM–12:00 PM
  • Session 3 - 1:00–3:00 PM

the 3-Week Schedule - View Details

Date Contents
7/1 S1: Opening Ceremony, Placement Test

S2: Introduction: Classical Chinese, literary Chinese, Sino-Korean, and Hanmun

7/2 S1: Tongmong sŏnsŭp 1–4

S2: Ch’ugu 1, 4; Hagŏjip 1–5

S3: Short passages 8, 23, 43

7/3 S1: Tongmong sŏnsŭp 5–8

S2: Hagŏjip 6–10


7/4 S1: Tongmong sŏnsŭp 9–13

S2: Ch’ugu 5, 7, 9; Hagŏjip 11–15

S3: Short passages 10, 13, 16

7/5 S1: Tongmong sŏnsŭp 14–17

S2: Ch’ugu 13, 15, 16; Hagŏjip 16–20

S3: Short passages 9, 15, 24

7/8 S1: Tongmong sŏnsŭp 18–22

S2: Ch’ugu 18, 19; Hagŏjip 21–25

S3: Short passages 4, 11, 12

7/9 S1: Tongmong sŏnsŭp 23–25

S2: Ch’ugu 22, 24, 30; Hagŏjip 26–30

S3: Short passages 1, 11, 33, 37

7/10 S1: Tongmong sŏnsŭp 26–30

S2: Hagŏjip 31–35



7/11 S1: Tongmong sŏnsŭp 31–34

S2: Ch’ugu 32, 37, 39; Hagŏjip 36–40

S3: Short passages 5, 17, 20, 38

7/12 S1: Tongmong sŏnsŭp 35–38

S2: Hagŏjip 41–45



7/15 S1: Tongmong sŏnsŭp 39–42

S2: Ch’ugu 41, 46, 50; Hagŏjip 46–50

S3: Short passages 21, 27, 36

7/16 S1: Tongmong sŏnsŭp 43–47

S2: Hagŏjip 51–55



7/17 S1: Tongmong sŏnsŭp 48–52

S2: Ch’ugu 56, 57, 58; Hagŏjip 56–60

S3: Short passages 2, 6, 43

7/18 S1: Tongmong sŏnsŭp 53–56

S2: Ch’ugu 59, 60; Hagŏjip Review 1

S3: Short passages 29, 34, 42

7/19 S1: Tongmong sŏnsŭp Review

S2: Ch’ugu Review; Hagŏjip Review 2

S3: Short passages 28, 44

Translation

We aim to practice academic translation. An academic translation should prove to be comprehensive to an intellectual reader for whom no previous knowledge of or about the text is assumed, rendered in a clear, precise, yet hermeneutically nuanced language. There are four aspects of concentration in our training:


(1) Faithfulness to the original text
(2) Linguistic clarity of the translating language
(3) Detailed annotation to integrate contextual and intertextual information
(4) Observance of academic convention for translation


List of Hanmun Text

  • Session 1 : Kyemong p’yŏn 啓蒙篇 (A Chapter to Enlighten the Unenlightened)
  • Session 2 : Ch’ugu 推句 (Versed Lines)


Session 1: Kyemong p’yŏn 啓蒙篇


The Kyemong p’yŏn [Chapters to enlighten the unenlightened] was one of the first textbooks for novices, usually placed after learning the Ch’ŏnjamun 千字文 [Thousand-character text] and before reading the Tongmong sŏnsŭp 童蒙先習 [Preparatory Learning for the Youth] in the nineteenth-century-Chosŏn curriculum for hanmun education. The term kyemong 啓蒙 (Ch. qimeng) literally means “cracking open the [curtain] of ignorance,” where mong 蒙 is a usual word for the unenlightened. There are several primers containing mong in their titles in Sinitic tradition, e.g., Mengqiu 蒙求 [Saving the ignorance, 746], Kyŏngmong yogyŏl 擊蒙要訣 [Essential methods to awaken the unenlightened, 1577], Tongmeng xuzhi 童蒙須知 [What children should know, 1187], and the aforementioned Tongmong sŏnsŭp (ca. 1541). One should note that the word mong itself does not mean “children” but only “unenlightened” or “dim” unless it is compounded by tong 童, for ignorance (including illiteracy) is not necessarily a feature that applied only to children but to all uneducated. Especially in the Confucian context, knowledge and education take its ultimate meaning in moral cultivation, beyond the modern sense of general knowledge. Therefore, these traditional primers inevitably engage a strong sense of ethical-philosophical inculcation in their contents, such as the moral conducts of in the family, the meaning of being human, social ethics and proprieties.
The compiler-author of this books is unclear. It is often contributed to Chang Hon 張混 (1759-1828), a praised chungin 中人 (interclass) writer and poet who lived in Seoul. He worked in the Office of Printing Inspection (Kaminso 監印所) as a checker (sajun司準) from 1790 to 1818 and participated in numerous court publishing projects. Chang wrote a few primer-type books to educate children, including the Ahŭi wŏllam 兒戱原覽 [A primary read for children at play], Mongyu p’yŏn 蒙喻篇 [Instruction for the uneducated], and Ch’ohak chahwi 初學字彙 [Character book for beginners]. Considering his writings and the fact that interclass writers’ active involvement in elementary-literacy education in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, the Kyemong p’yŏn was customarily attributed to Chang Hon, but there is no clear indication that he did brush this work. However, it is safe to assume that it was circulated and used in literacy education at town study halls (sŏdang 書堂) as late as in the late nineteenth century. It was also quite popularly published in the twentieth century, published in the form of ŏnhaebon 諺解本 (rendition with vernacular glosses and interpretation in hangŭl), i.e., Kyemongp’yŏn ŏnhae 啓蒙篇, in woodblock prints, types, and manuscripts. Interestingly, the edition without ŏnhae is not extant. The Jangsŏgak Library at AKS also has several editions of Kyemong p’yŏn ŏnhae, one of which is the early-twentieth-century block print that we include in the textbook.


date 童蒙先習
7/03 童蒙先習 01 - 04
7/04 童蒙先習 05 - 08
7/05 童蒙先習 09 - 13
7/06 童蒙先習 14 - 17
7/09 童蒙先習 18 - 22
7/10 童蒙先習 23 - 25
7/11 童蒙先習 26 - 30
7/12 童蒙先習 31 - 34
7/13 童蒙先習 35 - 38
7/16 童蒙先習 39 - 42
7/17 童蒙先習 43 - 47
7/18 童蒙先習 48 - 52
7/19 童蒙先習 53 - 56
* 御製童蒙先習序
** 跋文

Session 2: 推句 Versed Lines


The Ch’ugu is a collection of pentasyllabic quatrains (o’ŏn chŏlgu 五言絕句) for beginners of hanmun during the Chosŏn dynasty. There are altogether 60 quatrains, many chosen from known poetic lines, containing motifs and images familiar to novices. It is one of the typical primers taught to learners who have finished character lessons with, most likely, the Ch’ŏnjamun 千字文, along with the Saja sohak 四字小學 [Four-character Minor Learning], Tongmong sŏnsŭp, and Kyŏngmong yogyŏl 擊夢要訣 [Essential precepts to awake the unenlightened]. The title "Ch’ugu" could be taken as “selected lines” (ch’u 推 “to select”) but also have come from ch’ugo (or proscriptively pronounced t’oego) 推敲 “push or knock,” a verb coined for the story of Jia Dao 賈島 (780?–843) and Han Yu 韓愈 (768–824) to mean “polish or perfect the language of a literary work.”[1] Ch’ugu 推句 as a verb was then used in the sense of writing poems, and if it was indeed where the title was chosen, it would more precise to pronounce the title as t'oegu, not ch’ugu. All extant copies of Ch’ugu is in the form of manuscript, but as Ŏ Sukkwŏn’s 魚叔權 Kosa ch’waryo 攷事撮要 (1554) recorded the presence of its printing blocks in 1558, it is possible that Ch’ugu was more popular as a primer in mid-Chosŏn period.


  1. Jia Dao once composed a poem, sitting on a mule, which included lines, “Birds sleep on the tree in the middle of the pond, a monk knocks on the door under the moon” 鳥宿池中樹, 僧敲月下門. He was having second thought of using t’oe 推 “push” instead of ko 敲 “knock,” but could not decide. Occupied by this thought, he failed to step back to make way when Han Yu’s mayoral march was progressing the street, which was a serious offense. Han Yu summoned Jia Dao and interrogated why Jia did not step aside. After hearing what happened, Han Yu said that he preferred ko instead of t’oe, upon which they became good friends in literature. This story is introduced in the Tangshi jishi 唐詩紀事.


date 推句
7/03 推句 01, 04
7/05 推句 05, 07, 09
7/06 推句 13, 15, 16
7/09 推句 18, 19
7/10 推句 22, 24, 30
7/12 推句 32, 37, 39
7/16 推句 41, 46, 50
7/18 推句 56, 57, 58
7/19 推句 59, 60
7/20 推句 Review

Session 2-2: 學語集 Collection of Sentences for Learning


The Hagŏjip is a manuscript whose authorship is unknown. It contains short sentences explaining various subjects ranging from heaven and earth to flowers and animals, for the purpose of teaching the basic sentence structure and grammatical patterns of literary Chinese to novices. It is often confused with Hagŏ 學語 compiled by Pak Chaech’ŏl 朴載哲 with a similar purpose. Hagŏ was blockprinted in 1868 by Pak Chaechŏl’s son Pak Kyujin 朴圭鎮. The two are quite different texts. The latter is more oriented in Confucian learning of moral principles and quotations from classics, whereas the former is apparently mindful of linguistic pedagogy and introduces syntactic patterns with gradually increasing complexity. There are a few manuscript editions preserved in various archives in Korea, including Jangseogak. It appears that there are some textual variations depending on editions especially with the selection of sentences, though individual sentences remain mostly the same.


Format

In the following, each sentence is given in three ways. First without punctuation, then with punctuation, and the last with t’o 토. Punctuation of literary Chinese provides where the sentence breaks into a series of clasuses and phrases, and thus clues to the meaning of the entire sentence. T’o is specific to Korean culture, in which people spoke a fundamentally different language from Chinese. Carrying a similar function to that of Japanese kaeriten 返点 (returning point), t’o adds grammatical words of Korean to points where the Chinese sentences breaks so that the grammatical relation between parts.


    E.g.  學而時習之    不亦悅乎
             if         Q-ending


The traditional pedagogy of literary Chinese placed a great importance to t’o. It served as a device to train students in parsing sentences, as well as to help them read aloud and recite sentences.


After the sentence, key grammatical words and patterns will be introduced.


    C: Clause  P: Phrase  V: Verb  A: Adjective  N: Noun  Adv: Adverb


date 學語集
7/3 學語集 01 - 05
7/4 學語集 06 - 10
7/5 學語集 11 - 15
7/6 學語集 16 - 20
7/9 學語集 21 - 25
7/10 學語集 26 - 30
7/11 學語集 31 - 35
7/12 學語集 36 - 40
7/13 學語集 41 - 45
7/16 學語集 46 - 50
7/17 學語集 51 - 55
7/18 學語集 56 - 62

Session 3: 選讀 Short Passages for Practice


Excerpts for practice are selected from the following:

  1. “Zhengren mai lü” 鄭人買履 [A person of Zheng state buys shoes], Han Fei zi 韓非子.
  2. “Bu qin bu shou” 不禽不獸 [Neither a bird nor a beast], Guang xiaofu 廣笑府 by Feng Menglong 馮夢龍; Xiaolin guangji 笑林廣記 by Youxi zhuren 游戲主人.
  3. “Hyet’ong ch’ulga” 惠通出家 [Hyet’ong becomes a monk], Samguk yusa.
  4. “Ke zhou qiu jian” 刻舟求劍 [Notching the boat to find the sword], Lüshi chunqiu 呂氏春秋.
  5. “Chongsil P’ungsan su” 宗室豐山守 [Magistrate of P’ungsan, a royal kinsman], Sŏng Hyŏn 成俔, Yongjae ch’onghwa 慵齋叢話.
  6. “Zhao san mu si” 朝三暮四 [Three in the morning, four in the evening], Zhuangzi.
  7. “Shou zhu dai tu” 守株待兔 [Waiting for a hare while guarding the tree], Han Fei zi.
  8. “Hudie meng” 蝴蝶夢 [Butterfly dream], Zhuangzi 莊子.
  9. “Haehak” 諧謔 [Witty stories], Yi Su-gwang李睟光, Chibong yusŏl 芝峯類說.
  10. “Kiridan” 伎利檀 [Christianity], Ŏu yadam 於于野談 by Yu Mongin 柳夢寅.
  11. “Hong Kisŏp” 洪夔燮, Myŏngsim pogam 明心寶鑑.
  12. “Sŏkchin tan ji” 石珍斷指 [Sŏkchin cuts off his finger], Samgang haengsil-to.
  13. “Yŏlbu ip kang” 烈婦入江 [A devoted wife enters the river], Samgang haengsil-to.
  14. “Nubaek p’oho” 婁伯捕虎 [(Ch’oe) Nubaek captures the tiger], Samgang haengsil-to.
  15. “Pak Hyŏkkŏse” 朴赫居世, Samguk sagi 三國史記.
  16. “Ch’ŏyong-nang” 處容郎, Samguk yusa.
  17. “Kui t’o chi sŏl” 龜兔之說 [Story of a tortoise and a hare], Samguk sagi.
  18. “Hundun” 渾沌, Zhuangzi.
  19. “Hua she tian zu” 畫蛇添足 [Draw a snake and add feet], Zhanguo ce 戰國策.
  20. “Kim-ssi pak ho” 金氏撲虎 [Lady Kim strikes the tiger], Samgang haengsil-to.
  21. “Yi wushi bu xiao yibai bu” 以五十步笑一百步 [One who retreated fifty paces mocks another who retreated one hundred paces], Mencius.
  22. “Ch’ŏ pul yok chon” 妻不欲尊 [The wife doesn’t want to be respected], Ŏmyŏnsun禦眠楯.
  23. “Pinyŏng tolchin” 丕寧突陳 [Pinyŏng charges at the enemy line], Samgang haengsil-to.
  24. “Tongmyŏng sŏngwang” 東明聖王 [Tongmyŏng, the Sagacious King], Samguk sagi.
  25. “Kyebaek” 階伯, Samguk sagi.
  26. “Yŏno-rang Se’o-nyŏ” 延烏郞細烏女, Samguk yusa.
  27. "Xushi" 虛實 [Emptiness and fullness], Sunzi bingfa 孫子兵法

(Poetry) Sample Classical Chinese Poems



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