"(Translation) 茶山 贈言帖"의 두 판 사이의 차이

An old monk facing a wall chants the name of Buddha.

On spur of moment a thought emerged husband and wife in the world of desire.

Having meal facing one another sharing one bed – an incomparable joy.

The monk took his cane and went the way down the mountain.

Suddenly he saw by the well with yellow hair and black face

a real Nine sons mother demon [1]

roaring loudly all around / with disheveled hair crying bitterly.

calling his husband back. As he asked her [what was going on], says she fought with her husband.

Frightened, pale with fear

The monk got back the way up.

[1] In the Buddhist mythology Nine sons mother demon 九子魔母 is a an ugly-looking devilish creature that gives birth to nine sons at once.

Among the flowers in full bloom, the spring temple is serene; among the delicate bamboo, the pool/pond in the wilderness is secluded.[1] This is the Ultimate Theme (hwadu) to practice Zen during the spring days.[2] The autumn waters are clear and bottomless, its desolation purifies the traveler’s mind.[3] This is the admonition to erect Buddha’s mind[4] during the autumn days. If you recite these two lines evermore, there will be no worries about not gaining a sudden enlightenment.

[1] These two lines are from a famous Tang poet Du Fu’s 杜甫 (712-770) 上牛頭寺 (Climbing to Oxhead Temple). There is a character variation with the original lines, 池 instead of 塘, with no change in meaning. While these two lines are to be mused upon and deciphered and there are a number of possible interpretations here is my initial reading (it is quite a stretch..): The “screaming” color of blooming flowers frames the quiet nature of the temple. Likewise, the defined and slender stalks of the bamboo frame a dark pond untouched by man. The abundance and liveness of flowers along with polished perfection of bamboo could be associated with a sudden enlightenment and a certain sense of hastiness advised against in the second half of this piece. While slowing down, being in peace and exploring deeper into the unknown are the things to be pursued. Furthermore, we can make a contrast between the fast pace and structuredness of the mundane world and serenity and remoteness of the Buddhist learning. If we take into consideration the other pieces in the document, Dasan urged to look into examples from the dynamics in nature, draw comparisons between them and learn from them. Compare the translation with Stephen Owen, The Poetry of Du Fu 3, Boston and Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 2016. p. 209.

[2] Hwadu (Ch. huatou) in Zen Buddhism can also be translated as “key phrase.” http://www.buddhism-dict.net/cgi-bin/xpr-ddb.pl?8a.xml+id(%27b8a71-982d%27)

[3] These two lines are also from Du Fu’s 劉九法曹鄭瑕丘石門宴集 (Liu (9) of the Law Section and Zheng of Xiaqiu Hold a Banquet at Stonegate). There is a character variation with the original lines, 靜 “to calm down” instead of 淨. Stephen Owen translates the second line as “the briskness cleanses the hearts of the guests.” (Stephen Owen, The Poetry of Du Fu 1, Boston and Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 2016. p. 7.) An implicit contrast with purification power of the natural world cleansing of all of the impurities of the secular world. The fact that the mind is purified suggests its initial impurity. It emphasizes the unhurried and still nature of the deep waters to be projected on the mind of the Buddhist monk and used in his training.

[4] No idea about this one: “to raise the fly whisk” In Chan literature, a masterʼs way of signaling that he was about to begin a lecture. http://www.buddhism-dict.net/cgi-bin/xpr-ddb.pl?8c.xml+id(%27b8c4e-62c2%27) 拂子 Made out of hemp, silk or animal hair, used by Buddhist monks so that flies and other insects may be chased away without killing them. The tradition of using the whisk comes to Buddhism from Jainism, but in East Asian Chan, Seon and Zen schools, the usage of the whisk by the master teacher during his sermons becomes ritualized. One of the seven possessions of a monk 七事隨身 (Skt. vyajana, vāla-vījanī; Pāli vijanī). http://www.buddhism-dict.net/cgi-bin/xpr-ddb.pl?62.xml+id(%27b62c2-5b50%27)

Venerable Dohwon is sharp-witted. Jahasanin said: “Dullness is the root of wisdom; Clumsiness is the origin of ingenuity.” Do you know what it is? Shenxiu was (considered) perspicacious.[1] However, it was Huineng who first inherited the legacy (lit. mantled alms bowl) from the master.[2] Have you heard of it? (Therefore,) dullness and clumsiness is the foundation of achieving virtue.[3]

[1]This perspicacious-ness is deeply engaged with the Chan notion of "sudden enlightenment (頓悟)." Zen Master Shen Xiu (?~706) was a Tang Buddhist monk, who is considered as the progenitor of the Northern Chan Order (北宗禪).

[2] Zen Master Huineng (638~713) was a Tang Buddhist monk, who is the sixth patriarch of Chan Buddhism, and also founding father of the Northern Chan Order (南宗禪).

[3] The debate between "sudden enlightenment" and "gradual cultivation" is a long-lasting dispute in the Chan Buddhist tradition. According to the Platform Sutra (六祖壇經), for example, Shenxiu was considered to be the best and most erudite monk among Venerable Hong Ren's pupils. Hence, his fellow monks took it for granted that he would be the six patriarch of the Chinese Chan Order. However, it was Huineng who ended up being selected to take up the position. From this point on, the Chinese tradition of Chan Buddhism started to divide into the Southern/Northern Orders, which are representative of sudden enlightenment and gradual cultivation respectively.

Along Yŏlsu[1], the rivers are clear and the mountains are extensive. From day to day, poets and writers recite and chant [their poems] in between [the rivers and mountains]. But they lack lofty priests and rhyming monks. If asking Ki-Ŏ and his friends to build a hermitage between the Stone Forest and the Water Bell[2], and to socialize with the poets and writers, isn't this a delightful matter that pleases the hearts of those in the literary society of Yusan?

[1] Yŏlsu 洌水 is the old name of the Han River. It is also the pen name of Chŏng Yag-yong. [2] The Water Bell refers to Sujongsa 水鍾寺 (Water Bell Temple).

When I reach the Hermitage of Cloud Delight Mountain

Each time I see the meditation room so hollow.

The stacks of yellow leaves on the window sill

Not a single monk ever shown.

Suddenly I remember the old promise

With Aam. Thus I stay for a long lamenting.

In memory of Aam I wrote this verse:

"Piercing the flowery paths your bead necklace is still there,

and your monk robe is still hanging on a moonlit boat."

I was overwhelmed by sorrow.

‘old promise with Aam': Dasan met the monk Aam Hyejang (兒菴 惠藏, 1772~1811) during his exile in Kangjin in South Chŏlla Province. Becoming good friends they promised each other that someday they would come to live together in the hermitage of Un'gil (cloud delight) mountain. This promise was not kept due to Hyejang's death at age forty. Dasan now tells the story to Chahong (慈弘), one of Hyejang's disciples.

Hyepo's poem says: Before blooming, the reddish hues radiate in the courtyard. After raining, the green twigs grow in the sylvan hills. Having the quality of an artistic prime minister, he was passionately praised by all the dukes in the capital area. Hyepo is Duke Han, First Royal Secretary, who has written the epitaphs for two master monks, Hwaok and Chiyeo.