(Translation) 都膺王旨 - 편집 역사

2022년 2월 14일 (월) 12:14에 Lotus님의 편집

2022-02-14T12:14:43Z

2019년 6월 16일 (일) 20:07에 Lotus님의 편집

2019-06-16T20:07:35Z

2019년 6월 4일 (화) 21:41에 Jaeyoon.song님의 편집

2019-06-04T21:41:22Z

Jaeyoon.song: /* Original Script */

2019-06-04T21:38:17Z

‎Original Script

Jaeyoon.song: /* Introduction */

2019-06-04T21:37:41Z

‎Introduction

Jaeyoon.song: /* Introduction */

2018-11-17T15:58:49Z

‎Introduction

Jaeyoon.song: /* Introduction */

2018-11-17T15:45:47Z

‎Introduction

Jaeyoon.song: /* Introduction */

2018-11-17T15:44:06Z

‎Introduction

Jaeyoon.song: /* Introduction */

2018-11-17T15:35:13Z

‎Introduction

Jaeyoon.song: /* Introduction */

2018-10-30T03:06:47Z

‎Introduction

@@ 103번째 줄: / 103번째 줄: @@
 =='''References'''==
 <references/>
+<!--
 =='''Translation'''==
@@ 264번째 줄: / 264번째 줄: @@
 [[Category:2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop]]
 [[Category:Advanced Translation Group]]

@@ 9번째 줄: / 9번째 줄: @@
 |Year = 1393
 |Key Concepts=
-|Translator = [[2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced)#Participants | Participants of 2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced Translation Group)]]
+|Translator = [[2018 JSG Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced)#Participants | Participants of 2018 JSG Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced Translation Group)]]
 |Editor = Lee Ji-Hyun
 |Translation Year = 2018

@@ 77번째 줄: / 77번째 줄: @@
 =='''Discussion Questions'''==
+# What implications does this document hold for our understanding of Sino-Korean relations in the Joseon founding?
+# Why do you think this document was written in cursive style?
 =='''Further Readings'''==

@@ 65번째 줄: / 65번째 줄: @@
 ||
-(1) King's Will:
+(1) King's Order:
 (2) Do Eung, shall be the Grand Master for Court Service

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 =='''Introduction'''==
-This brief document is an royal decree of appointment (issued in 10/1393) by the Joseon (Chosŏn, 1392-1897) founder King Taejo to Do Eung (都膺, To Ŭng), a former Goryeo (Koryŏ) official. Written in cursive style, this document is stamped with a seal mark that reads “Joseon wang bo” (朝鮮王寶, the Royal Seal [Treasure] of the Joseon King).<ref>10/1393 refers to the tenth month of 1393, the second years of Taejo's reign</ref> The document was discovered in the family archive of the Seongju Do (Sŏngju To) lineage.
+This brief document, discovered in the family archive of the Seongju Do (Sŏngju To) lineage, is an royal decree of appointment issued in 10/1393 by the Joseon (Chosŏn, 1392-1897) founder King Taejo to Do Eung (都膺, To Ŭng), a former Goryeo (Koryŏ) official. The seal on this document reads: “Joseon wang bo” (朝鮮王寶, the Royal Seal [Treasure] of the Joseon King).<ref>10/1393 refers to the tenth month of 1393, the second years of Taejo's reign</ref>
-Do Eung was a close childhood friend of Taejo's; however, he would become one of the so-called "seventy-two sages of Domun-dong" (杜門洞七十二賢) who chose to remain in Gaesung in resistance to the founding of the Joseon Dynasty. Taejo offered official posts to Do Eung five times; however, Dong Eung consistently rejected them.<ref>This document is one of the four decrees of appointment issued to Do Eung (in 1393, 1394, 1395, and 1397, respectively); in addition, another document was issued to Do Eung: the 1394 certificate of salary/fief (祿牌; RR: ''nokpae'', MR: ''nokp’ae'').</ref> The document, the earliest of the five, appoints Do Eung as Grand Master for Court Service (朝奉大夫, RR: ''jobong daebu'', MR: ''chobong taebu'') <ref> Although an identical term also appears in the Chinese office titles, the function of the office and the usage of the title in Goryeo dynasty has not yet been clarified. See: A Hucker, Charles O. ''Dictionary of Official Titles in Imperial China''. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 1985. </ref> and Deputy Superintendent of Standard Medicine (典醫少監; RR: jeonui sogam, MR: chŏnui sogam).
+Although Do Eung was Taejo's childhood friend, he would become one of the so-called "seventy-two sages of Domun-dong" (杜門洞七十二賢) who chose to remain in Gaesung in resistance to the founding of the Joseon Dynasty. Taejo offered Do Eung official posts five times; however, Dong Eung consistently rejected them.<ref> This document is one of the four decrees of appointment issued to Do Eung (in 1393, 1394, 1395, and 1397, respectively); in addition, another document was issued to Do Eung: the 1394 certificate of salary/fief (祿牌; RR: ''nokpae'', MR: ''nokp’ae'').</ref> The document, the earliest of the five, appoints Do Eung as Grand Master for Court Service (朝奉大夫, RR: ''jobong daebu'', MR: ''chobong taebu'') <ref> Although an identical term also appears in the Chinese office titles, the function of the office and the usage of the title in Goryeo dynasty has not yet been clarified. See: A Hucker, Charles O. ''Dictionary of Official Titles in Imperial China''. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 1985. </ref> and Deputy Superintendent of Standard Medicine (典醫少監; RR: jeonui sogam, MR: chŏnui sogam).
 For its short text length and minimal components, this document shows vast change in style and form. Such changes reflect the newly adopted domestic control system of the Joseon dynasty as well as its diplomatic relations with the Yuan (1271-1368) and Ming (1368-1644) dynasties.
@@ 48번째 줄: / 48번째 줄: @@
 典醫少監은 診視와 和劑 等의 일을 管掌하는 典醫監에 所屬된 官職으로 品階는 從4品이며 2名을 두었다.(<<太祖實錄>> 권1, 태조 1년(1392) 7월 28일(정미). 典醫監 掌(胗)〔診〕視和劑等事 判事二 正三品 監二 從三品 少監二 從四品), 1414년(太宗 14) 1月 18日에 少監에서 副正으로 名稱을 改定하였다.(<<太宗實錄>> 권27, 태종 14년(1414) 1월 18일(계사). …繕工司宰軍資濟用軍器典醫諸監 從三品監稱正 四品少監稱副正 五品監丞稱判官)
-都膺(?~?)의 字는 子藝이고, 號는 靑松堂이며, 本貫은 星州이다. 高麗 恭愍王 때 重大匡․門下侍中贊成事를 지냈다. 太祖의 竹馬故友로서 朝鮮 建國 以後 太祖가 여러 次例 벼슬을 내렸으나 모두 辭讓하고 洪州 老隱洞에 隱居하였다. 李行의 <<騎牛集>>에서는 都膺을 杜門洞에 들어간 72賢 가운데 한 名으로 記錄하기도 하였다.
+都膺(?~?)의 字는 子藝이고, 號는 靑松堂이며, 本貫은 星州이다. 高麗 恭愍王 때 重大匡․門下侍中贊成事를 지냈다. 太祖의 竹馬故友로서 朝鮮 建國 以後 太祖가 여러 次例 벼슬을 내렸으나 모두 辭讓하고 洪州 老隱洞에 隱居하였다. 李行의 <<騎牛集>>에서는 都膺을 杜門洞에 들어간 72賢 가운데 한 名으로 記錄하기도 하였다. 이 文書를 包含한 告身 4件과 1394年에 發給된 祿牌 1件이 寶物 724號로 指定되어 現在 忠淸南道 論山市 連山面에 있는 星州都氏 宗家의 御筆閣에 所藏되어 있다.
 =='''Original Script'''==

@@ 20번째 줄: / 20번째 줄: @@
 This brief document is an royal decree of appointment (issued in 10/1393) by the Joseon (Chosŏn, 1392-1897) founder King Taejo to Do Eung (都膺, To Ŭng), a former Goryeo (Koryŏ) official. Written in cursive style, this document is stamped with a seal mark that reads “Joseon wang bo” (朝鮮王寶, the Royal Seal [Treasure] of the Joseon King).<ref>10/1393 refers to the tenth month of 1393, the second years of Taejo's reign</ref> The document was discovered in the family archive of the Seongju Do (Sŏngju To) lineage.
-Do Eung was a close childhood friend of Taejo's; however, he would become one of the so-called "seventy-two sages of Domun-dong" (杜門洞七十二賢) who chose to remain in Gaesung in resistance to the founding of the Joseon Dynasty. Taejo offered official posts to Do Eung five times; however, Dong Eung consistently rejected those offers.<ref>This document is one of the four decrees of appointment issued to Do Eung (in 1393, 1394, 1395, and 1397, respectively) . Apart from we also have another document issued to Do Eung: a 1394 certificate of salary/fief (祿牌; RR: ''nokpae'', MR: ''nokp’ae'').</ref> The document, the earliest of the five, appoints Do Eung as Grand Master for Court Service (朝奉大夫, RR: ''jobong daebu'', MR: ''chobong taebu'') <ref> Although an identical term also appears in the Chinese office titles, the function of the office and the usage of the title in Goryeo dynasty has not yet been clarified. See: A Hucker, Charles O. ''Dictionary of Official Titles in Imperial China''. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 1985. </ref> and Deputy Superintendent of Standard Medicine (典醫少監; RR: jeonui sogam, MR: chŏnui sogam).
+Do Eung was a close childhood friend of Taejo's; however, he would become one of the so-called "seventy-two sages of Domun-dong" (杜門洞七十二賢) who chose to remain in Gaesung in resistance to the founding of the Joseon Dynasty. Taejo offered official posts to Do Eung five times; however, Dong Eung consistently rejected them.<ref>This document is one of the four decrees of appointment issued to Do Eung (in 1393, 1394, 1395, and 1397, respectively); in addition, another document was issued to Do Eung: the 1394 certificate of salary/fief (祿牌; RR: ''nokpae'', MR: ''nokp’ae'').</ref> The document, the earliest of the five, appoints Do Eung as Grand Master for Court Service (朝奉大夫, RR: ''jobong daebu'', MR: ''chobong taebu'') <ref> Although an identical term also appears in the Chinese office titles, the function of the office and the usage of the title in Goryeo dynasty has not yet been clarified. See: A Hucker, Charles O. ''Dictionary of Official Titles in Imperial China''. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 1985. </ref> and Deputy Superintendent of Standard Medicine (典醫少監; RR: jeonui sogam, MR: chŏnui sogam).
-For its short text length and minimal components, this document represents the transition of styles and format which is strongly associated with the changing domestic control system of the new dynasty as well as its diplomatic relationship with Yuan and Ming dynasties.
+For its short text length and minimal components, this document shows vast change in style and form. Such changes reflect the newly adopted domestic control system of the Joseon dynasty as well as its diplomatic relations with the Yuan (1271-1368) and Ming (1368-1644) dynasties.
 First of all, the document overall employs the office names and titles of the late Goryeo period as well as the format of the document. Starting with a word “''Wang ji''” (王旨; MR: ''Wang ji''] and the structure indicating the recipient’s name and appointments is enclosed by the set phrase “''Wi… ja''” (為... 者; MR: ''Wi… cha''). The end of the document only indicates the date. This is aberrant from the documents issued before the Mongolian invasion and the Joseon dynasty from the fifteenth-century onward. For instance, the style prevalent in the previous Tang and Song dynasty models (which Korea had also adopted) includes the references of office and officer names at the end of the document that indicates the drafting and review procedures. The use of “爲...者,” according to Shim Yeong-hwan, is transliteration of Mongolian language, in which “者” means ‘to order.’ <ref>Shim Yeong-hwan (M/R: Sim Yŏnghwan). “몽골시대 高麗의 王命” [Royal Commands of Goryeo in Era of Mongol Empire]. ''태동고전연구'' 29:212-13</ref> Although no comparable examples of Yuan dynasty documents survive today to confirm the suggestion, simplicity of the document’s features is presumed to take after the Mongolian style of documents that simply conveys the royal command, omitting the bureaucratic references.

@@ 18번째 줄: / 18번째 줄: @@
 =='''Introduction'''==
-This is an royal decree of appointment (issued in 10/1393) by the Joseon (Chosŏn, 1392-1897) founder King Taejo to Do Eung (都膺, To Ŭng), a former Goryeo (Koryŏ) dynasty official. This brief document was written in cursive style, stamped with a seal mark that reads “Joseon wang bo” (朝鮮王寶, the Royal Seal [Treasure] of the Joseon King).<ref>10/1393 refers to the tenth month of 1393, the second years of Taejo's reign</ref>
+This brief document is an royal decree of appointment (issued in 10/1393) by the Joseon (Chosŏn, 1392-1897) founder King Taejo to Do Eung (都膺, To Ŭng), a former Goryeo (Koryŏ) dynasty official. Written in cursive style, this document is stamped with a seal mark that reads “Joseon wang bo” (朝鮮王寶, the Royal Seal [Treasure] of the Joseon King).<ref>10/1393 refers to the tenth month of 1393, the second years of Taejo's reign</ref>
-The document had been preserved in the family collections of the Seongju Do (Sŏngju To) lineage, and is one of the four decrees of appointment (1393, 1394, 1395, and 1397) along with a 1394 certificate of salary/fief (祿牌; RR: ''nokpae'', MR: ''nokp’ae'') issued to Do Eung. Although Do Eung was a close childhood friend of Taejo's, he would become one of the so-called 72 sages of Domun-dong (杜門洞七十二賢) who remained in Gaeseong in resistance to the founding of a new dynasty. Taejo offered official posts to Do Eung five times; however, Dong Eung consistently rejected those offers.
+The document has been preserved in the family collections of the Seongju Do (Sŏngju To) lineage, and is one of the four decrees of appointment (1393, 1394, 1395, and 1397) along with a 1394 certificate of salary/fief (祿牌; RR: ''nokpae'', MR: ''nokp’ae'') issued to Do Eung. Although Do Eung was a close childhood friend of Taejo's, he would become one of the so-called 72 sages of Domun-dong (杜門洞七十二賢) who remained in Gaeseong in resistance to the founding of a new dynasty. Taejo offered official posts to Do Eung five times; however, Dong Eung consistently rejected those offers.
 The document above, the earliest piece among the five, appoints Do Eung as Grand Master for Court Service (朝奉大夫, RR: ''jobong daebu'', MR: ''chobong taebu'') <ref> Although an identical term also appears in the Chinese office titles, the function of the office and the usage of the title in Goryeo dynasty has not yet been clarified. See: A Hucker, Charles O. ''Dictionary of Official Titles in Imperial China''. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 1985. </ref> and Deputy Superintendent of Standard Medicine (典醫少監; RR: jeonui sogam, MR: chŏnui sogam).