(Translation) 彙纂麗史凡例 - 편집 역사

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 *Discussion Questions:
-Why Hong
+# How does Hong Yŏha think about the style and format of the ''Koryŏsa''? What are the reasons for him to justify such changes?
+# How does this text reflect the worldview of Chosŏn intellectuals? Considering this text was written in the mid-17th century, how does this text reflect Chosŏn's geopolitical situation of that time?
 =='''Further Readings'''==

@@ 8번째 줄: / 8번째 줄: @@
 |Author = 洪汝河
 |Year = mid-17th century
-|Key Concepts= Historiography, Koryŏ History, International Relations, Confucianism
+|Key Concepts= Historiography, Koryŏ History, International Relations, Sino-Korean Relations, Confucianism, Neo-Confucianism
 |Translator = [[2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced)#Participants | Participants of 2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced Translation Group)]]
 |Editor = King Kwong Wong
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 =='''Introduction'''==
 =='''Original Script'''==
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 *Discussion Questions:

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 ||
-Explanatory Notes of the Compiled Edition of Koryŏ History
+Explanatory Notes on the Style and Format of the ''Compiled Edition of Koryŏ History''
-- As to the method of compiling history, one should first set aright the whole body of history. The Spring and Autumn [Annals] is a history of the state of Lu, but it records the affairs of the capital of the Zhou and various states. In addition, as to the principle of compiling history throughout the past dynasties of the central court, regarding the rise and fall of foreign states, warfare, and division of borders, whenever they exist all are recorded. On the other hand, the histories of the Eastern state never once record the affairs of China – this is an error in the great principle of historians. Therefore, now I alter previous examples. In between the rise and fall of the Song, Jin, and Yuan, warfare and division are rather detailly written. Thereby rectifying the standard of historians.
+One. As to the method of compiling history, one should first set aright its unifying style. The ''Spring and Autumn'' [''Annals''] is a history of the state of Lu, but it also records the affairs of the Zhou and its feudal states. In addition, as to the historiographical principles throughout the past dynasties of the central court, regarding the rise and fall of foreign states, warfare, and division of borders, whenever they exist, all are written. On the other hand, the histories of the Eastern Country never once record the affairs of China – this is an error in the general guiding principles of historians. As a result, now I deviate from the precedents. In between the rise and fall of the Song, Jin, and Yuan, warfare and division are rather detailly written, thereby rectifying the standard of historians.
-- According to the historiographical principle of the Spring and Autumn [Annals], [the death of] the heavenly sovereign is written as demise, and the [death of] various state rulers is written as decease. Whenever [the obituary] was received, it is recorded; whenever it was not, then it is not recorded. During the Song from Taizu to Zhezong, the obituary of the emperor all came from the government reports dispatched from Mizhou.<ref>nowadays in Shandong province, China</ref> After [the Song] moved south, the obituary did not reach [the Eastern state], therefore it is not recorded, or following the example of Mister Zuo,<ref>refers to Zuo Qiuming, the author of the Zuo Commentary</ref> it is recorded. When [the Eastern state] submitted and served [the Song], [the death of] the emperor is recorded as “the emperor demised.” When [the Eastern state] served the Jin and Yuan, [the Song emperor’s death] is recorded as “the Song emperor demised.” This is the standard of historical principle.
+One. According to the historiographical principles of the ''Spring and Autumn'' [''Annals''], [the death of] the heavenly sovereign is written as “demised”, and the [death of] various state rulers is written as “deceased”. Whenever [the obituary] was received, then it is written; whenever it was not, then it is not written. During the Song from Taizu (r. 960-976) to Zhezong (r. 1085-1100), the obituary of the emperor all came from the government reports dispatched from Mizhou<ref>nowadays in Shandong province, China</ref>, now following the precedents of the classics I write them. After [the Song] crossed the river south, the obituary did not reach [the Eastern Country], therefore it is not written, or following the example of Mister Zuo<ref>This refers to Zuo Qiuming 左丘明 (556-451 BCE), the author of the ''Zuo Commentary'' 左傳.</ref>, it is written. When [the Eastern Country] submitted and served [the Song], [the death of] the emperor is written as “the emperor demised.” When [the Eastern Country] served the Jin and Yuan, [the death of the Song emperor] is written as “the Song emperor demised.” This is the standard of historiographical principles.
 |-
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-- As to the style and format of the History of Koryŏ, they follow the standard of the History of Yuan for the writing of various treatises. One by one each entry is listed and recorded; this is not the standard of writing history. Now I imprudently follow the historiographical principle of previous dynasties, alter the composition of various treatises, synthesize the entries into proses. The evolution of the institution of astronomy, geography, military affairs and punishments during the 500 years all are assembled into proses, so that their summary and entire discourse, as well as advantages and disadvantages, will be observed clear-sightedly. Therefore, the form of biographies and treatises should be established together with the that of chronicle; each makes use of the other. One should not emphasize one form at the expense of another.
+One. As to the style and format of the ''History of Koryŏ'', they follow [the standard of] the ''History of Yuan'' for the writing of various treatises. One by one each entry is listed and recorded, like government institutions and ritual protocols; this is not the standard of writing history. Now I imprudently follow the historiographical principles of previous dynasties, alter the composition of various treatises, synthesize the entries into proses. The evolution of the institutions of astronomy, geography, military affairs and punishments during the 500 years are all assembled into proses, so that their summary and entire discourse, as well as advantages and disadvantages, can be observed clear-sightedly. Therefore, the form of biographies and treatises should be established together with the that of chronicle; each makes use of the other. One should not emphasize one form at the expense of another.
-- As to the various prominent ministers, take those who had the same affairs or those who had high and low achievements, reputations, and backgrounds, compile them into biographies, and attach to them my commentary. All follow the historiographical principles of [the Book of] Han, [the Book of] Jin, [the Book of] Tang, and [the History of] Song.<ref>The Book of Han 漢書 was written by Ban Gu 班固 (32-92 CE) and completed by Ban Zhao 班昭 (45?-116? CE) during the Eastern Han period (25-220 CE). The Book of Jin 晉書 was compiled by Fang Xuanling 房玄齡 (579-648 CE) in 648. There are two books of Tang – the Old Book of Tang 舊唐書 and the New Book of Tang 新唐書. The Old Book of Tang was compiled by Liu Xu 劉昫 (888–947 CE) in 945 and the New Book of Tang was compiled by Ouyang Xiu 歐陽修 (1007-1072 CE) in 1060. The History of Song was compiled by Toqto'a 脫脫 (1314-1356 CE) in 1345.</ref>
+One. As to the various prominent ministers, take those who had the same affairs or similar achievements, reputations, and backgrounds, put them as group according to their kind to write their biographies, and attach to them my commentaries. All follow the historiographical principles of [the ''Book of''] ''Han'', [the ''Book of''] ''Jin'', [the ''Book of''] ''Tang'', and [the ''History of''] ''Song''.<ref>The ''Book of Han'' 漢書 was written by Ban Gu 班固 (32-92 CE) and completed by Ban Zhao 班昭 (45?-116? CE) during the Eastern Han period (25-220 CE). The ''Book of Jin'' 晉書 was compiled by Fang Xuanling 房玄齡 (579-648 CE) in 648. There are two books of Tang – the ''Old Book of Tang'' 舊唐書 and the ''New Book of Tang'' 新唐書. The ''Old Book of Tang'' was compiled by Liu Xu 劉昫 (888–947 CE) in 945 and the ''New Book of Tang'' was compiled by Ouyang Xiu 歐陽修 (1007-1072 CE) in 1060. The ''History of Song'' was compiled by Toqto'a 脫脫 (1314-1356 CE) in 1345.</ref>
-- The gain and loss of borderland is an important affair that binds the state. For example, P'oju (RR: Poju) <sub>now Ŭiju (RR: Uiju)</sub>, which was returned to Koryŏ, the Mirror of the Song<ref>Its alternative title is 增修附註通鑑節要續編. It was compiled by Liu Shan 劉剡 and edited by Zhang Guangqi 張光啓 during Ming Xuanzong’s reign (1426-1435).</ref> records it. Even the Comprehensive Mirror of the Eastern State<ref>It was compiled by Sŏ Kŏchŏng 徐居正 (RR: Seo Geojeong, 1420-1492) and completed in 1485.</ref> and the others, all leave out and does not record it. Other examples, such as the two physicians travelled [between Koryŏ and Song] during the reign of Huizong (r. 1100-1126), were particularly illuminating that cannot be left out and not written. Now following the History of Song all are written.
+One. The gain and loss of borderland are important affairs that bind the whole state. For example, the return of P'oju (RR: Poju) <sub>now Ŭiju (RR: Uiju)</sub> to Koryŏ (RR: Goryeo) is recorded in the ''Mirror of the Song''<ref>Its alternative title is 增修附註通鑑節要續編. It was compiled by Liu Shan 劉剡 and edited by Zhang Guangqi 張光啓 during Ming Xuanzong’s 宣宗 reign (1426-1435 CE).</ref>. Even the ''Comprehensive Mirror of the Eastern Country''<ref>It was compiled by Sŏ Kŏchŏng 徐居正 (RR: Seo Geojeong, 1420-1492 CE) and completed in 1485.</ref> and the other books, all leave out and do not record it. In addition, cases, such as the two physicians travelled back and forth [between Koryŏ and Song] during the reign of Huizong (r. 1100-1126) are particularly illuminating that cannot be left out and not written. Now following the ''History of Song'' all are written.
-- As to the wars waged on the Eastern state, all are examined from the historical records of the central court, tracing the roots of such calamity and record them.
+One. As to the wars waged on the Eastern Country, all are verified with the historical records of the central court, tracing the roots of such calamity, and written.
-- As to the first years of Ch’ungsuk’s and Ch’unghye’s second accession are written as “First Year”; the old format of the History of Koryŏ is particularly wrong. Now all are amended.
+One. As to Ch’ungsuk (RR: Chungsuk) and Ch’unghye (RR: Chunghye) proclaimed new reign after each other,<ref>This refers to the fact that they consecutively succeeded each other, thus both had a second ascension after the other’s dethronement.</ref> the old format of the ''History of Koryŏ'' is particularly wrong. Now all are rectified.
+One. As to the historians’ methods of writing of sentences, the usage of words has its own methods and precedents. People of the East do not know this, and their way of narration often uses unpolished expressions to complete the sentences. Now I imprudently revise and alter them, replacing them with other words. As for the cases that involved places of uncertainty, I dare not imprudently write down a single word to make up. Those of which I added in from other books, all are cited with their origins.
-- As to the histories of previous dynasties, all have appendixes on foreign barbarians. Now I imprudently follow them and write Kitan, Japan and other biographies.
+One. As to the histories of previous dynasties, all have appendix on foreign barbarians. Now I imprudently follow them and write Kitan, Japan and other biographies.
 |-
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-(translation)
+One. The compilations of histories of the central courts – the two Han, the Jin, the North and South dynasties, the Tang, and the Song, all regard highly on the annals and biographies [style]. For example, the ''Annotated Outline of the Comprehensive Mirror''<ref>It was compiled by Zhu Xi 朱熹 (1130-1200 CE) and is the first ''kangmok'' style history of its kind.</ref> was not composed by court historians, but using the annals and biographies of previous histories as basis, the authors rewrite them for their own convenience, thus its prose is splendid and worth reading. Although the Eastern Country has its own biographies, its proses are vulgar and not elegant. The ''Comprehensive Mirror of the Eastern Country'' and other documents one after another follow them. Therefore, they do not reach the refinement of the histories from China. Here I take various biographies and slightly affix my deletion and embellishment: matters are added from the old by one tenth, and words are deleted from the former by six tenths, so as to wait for those who actually write histories to collect and compile it into a chronicle and tighten it up into a great classic of the Eastern Country.
 |-
 |}

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 {{Primary Source Document3.1
 |Image = 목재가숙휘찬려사범례1.jpg
-|English = Explanatory Notes on the Compiled Edition of Koryŏ History
+|English = Explanatory Notes on the Style and Format of the ''Compiled Edition of Koryŏ History''
 |Chinese = 彙纂麗史 凡例
 |Korean = [http://jsg.aks.ac.kr/data/viewer/bookImage.do?callNum=K2-53&vol=001&pgID=008 목재가숙 휘찬려사(''Hwichʻan yŏsa'') 범례]

@@ 8번째 줄: / 8번째 줄: @@
 |Author = 洪汝河
 |Year = mid-17th century
-|Key Concepts= historiography, Koryŏ history, international relations
+|Key Concepts= Historiography, Koryŏ History, International Relations, Confucianism
 |Translator = [[2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced)#Participants | Participants of 2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced Translation Group)]]
 |Editor = King Kwong Wong

@@ 45번째 줄: / 45번째 줄: @@
 準也。
-一。高麗史凡例，準元史而作諸志，逐條列錄，有同掌故議注，非作史之體。今輒依歷代史法，改撰諸志，錯綜成編。五百年間天文，地理，禮樂，兵刑，沿革之制，咸萃一篇，提要備論，其得失，瞭然睹矣。所以傳志之體，與編年並立，互相爲用，不可偏廢。
+一。高麗史凡例，準元史而作諸志，逐條列錄，有同掌故儀注，非作史之體。今輒依歷代史法，改撰諸志，錯綜成編。五百年間天文，地理，禮樂，兵刑，沿革之制，咸萃一篇，提要備論，其得失，瞭然睹矣。所以傳志之體，與編年並立，互相爲用，不可偏廢。
 一。諸名臣，取其事同或功業名資相上下者，裒類爲傳，糸以論贊。悉依漢，晉，唐，宋史法。

← 이전 판	2018년 7월 19일 (목) 09:48 판
(차이 없음)

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 一。忠肅，忠惠前後稱元，麗史舊例尤錯。今悉正之。
-一。史家句法下，字自有法例。東人不曉，敍事法門，往往以俚語足之。今輒竄易，代下他字。至於事係傳疑處，不敢輒下一字杜撰。其自他書添入者，皆標其來處。
+一。史家句法，下字自有法例。東人不曉，敍事法門，往往以俚語足之。今輒竄易，代下他字。至於事係傳疑處，不敢輒下一字杜撰。其自他書添入者，皆標其來處。
 一。歷代史，皆有外夷附錄。今輒依之，作契丹，日本等傳。

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 | [[File:목재가숙휘찬려사범례3.jpg |border|목재가숙휘찬려사범례3|400px]]
 ||
-一。中朝兩漢，晉南北朝，唐，宋修史，皆以紀傳爲重。如通鑑綱目，非史官所作，卽諸史紀傳，檃栝而就，故其文燁然可觀。東國雖有列傳，其文俗而不典。東國通鑑等書文，第因之。所以不逮中國史之爾雅也。茲取列傳，略加删潤。事增於舊十之一，文省於前十之六，以俟秉筆者，掇入於編年策書。勒成東國之大典焉。
+一。中朝兩漢，晉南北朝，唐，宋修史，皆以紀傳爲重。如通鑑綱目，非史官所作，卽諸史紀傳，檃栝而就，故其文燁然可觀。東國雖有列傳，其文俗而不典。東國通鑑等書文，第因之。所以不逮中國史之爾雅也。茲取列傳，略加删潤，事增於舊十之一，文省於前十之六，以俟秉筆者，掇入於編年策書。勒成東國之大典焉。
 ||

(Translation) 彙纂麗史 凡例 - 편집 역사