http://dh.aks.ac.kr/jsg/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=Sanghoon+Na 2026-05-23T11:58:47Z 사용자 기여 MediaWiki 1.27.1 http://dh.aks.ac.kr/jsg/index.php?title=(Translation)_1801%E5%B9%B4_%E6%9D%8E%E5%B8%8C%E8%AA%A0_%E8%A1%BF%E7%B5%A6%E6%96%87%E8%A8%98&diff=20200 2020-03-06T11:56:23Z

<p>Sanghoon Na: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Primary Source Document3<br /> |Image = 1801이희성노주계문서.JPG<br /> |English = 1908 Yi Huiseong's record of property distribution <br /> |Chinese = 1801年 李希誠 衿給文記<br /> |Korean = [http://archive.aks.ac.kr/imageViewer/ImageViewer.aspx?datauci=G002+AKS+KSM-XE.1801.4713-20101008.B043a_065_00428_XXX&amp;refuci=G002+AKS+KSM-XE.1801.4713-20101008.B043a_065_00428_XXX&amp;fname=G002+AKS+KSM-XE.1801.4713-20101008.B043a_065_00428_XXX-IMG.001.jpg&amp;closed=true 1801년 이희성 깃급문기 (''Yi Hui-seong gis-geub-mun-gi'')]<br /> |Genre = [[Social Life and Economic Strategies]]<br /> |Type = Record<br /> |Author = 李希誠<br /> |Year = 1801<br /> |Key Concepts= inheritance document, land and property distribution, slaves-master association, mutual discussion 相議, changing social strata in the turn to 19c Chosŏn, economic and social status of slaves, tenant farmers, head-family 宗家<br /> <br /> |Translator = [[2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced)#Participants | Participants of 2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced Translation Group)]]<br /> |Editor = Sanghoon Na <br /> |Translation Year = 2018<br /> <br /> }}<br /> [[File:Backward.png|right|40px|link=2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced)#Primary Sources for Korean Studies]]<br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Introduction'''==<br /> <br /> <br /> '''1. The Record of Property Distribution''' <br /> <br /> The record of property distribution (''punjaegi'' 分財記) includes various types of documents of property transfer, dating from the Koryŏ dynasty. Although this term is not commonly found in original sources, it is preferred over a will or testament (''yusŏ'' 遺書) among researchers. &lt;ref&gt; See Jangseogak Archives of The Academy of Korean Studies ed., ''More Than Wills: Property Distribution Documents of the Joseon Dynasty'' (Seongnam: AKS Press, 2017). See also Mun Sukja, &quot;The Writing Process of the Record of Property Distribution during the Chosŏn Period (조선시대 分財文記의 작성과정과 그 특징),&quot; Yŏngnam Studies 18 (December 2010):217.&lt;/ref&gt; Depending on the contents, this record is divided into three types: bequest to posterity (''hŏyŏ'' 許與), writ on the mutual consent of the siblings (''hwahoe'' 和會), and special bequest to those who had particular merits (''pyŏlgŭp'' 別給) like success in the civil service examination. The present record is categorized into the first type because it contains a father's wish to give possessions to his son. <br /> <br /> <br /> '''2. Slave-master Association'''<br /> <br /> The possessions, however, did not only belong to the father, Yi Huisŏng (李希誠, ca. 1720-1801), but also to a cooperative association called ''kye'' (lit. “contract” or “bond”) he had formed in 1741.&lt;ref&gt; There are several translations for the term &quot;kye&quot;: compact, bond, mutual aid, cooperative, association, and band. Since ''kye'' refers to a group of people, 'cooperative,' 'association,' and 'band' are more proper than 'compact,' 'bond,' 'mutual aid.' According to Kennedy, Pratt, and Rutt, the word 'association' is adopted here. See Gerard F. Kennedy, “The Korean Kye: Maintaining Human Scale in a Modernizing Society,” Korean Studies 1 (1977): 198. See also Keith Pratt and Richard Rutt, ''Korea: A Historical and Cultural Dictionary'' (Surrey: Curzon Press, 1999):255. &lt;/ref&gt; The association consisted of a master and his slaves, and thus was named slave-master association (''noju kye'' 奴主契). As shown in this document, Yi and his ten slaves raised a grain fund. Yi contributed half and the slaves paid the other half, thereby forming the slave-master association. Yi spent the fund to pay for the restoration of his fences. The slaves also used the funds to hire laborers to do their duties.&lt;ref&gt; The Academy of Korean Studies ed., ''Komunsŏ chipsŏng'' 65 (Sŏngnam: AKS Press, 2003) http://archive.aks.ac.kr/heje/heje.aspx?booknum=65.&lt;/ref&gt; While the slaves benefitted from it, Yi was able to retain his slaves by promoting their welfare. However, when the situations were unfavorable for him in sixty years, without the slaves' consent he broke up the association that he had established with them. He made a decision to give the association property over to his son, Yi Rip 李岦. He explains why he had to break up the association as follows: some slaves used the fund and ran away or died; some, by marrying commoners, gave birth to children of commoner status; others left him for another family by marrying to another master’s slave.&lt;ref&gt; According to the matrilineal rule for slaves (奴婢從母法) enforced in the seventh year (1731) of King Yŏngjo's reign, children's social status was determined by their mother's status.&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> <br /> '''3. Significance of This Document in Korean History'''<br /> <br /> Slavery had been gradually disappearing since the Imjin War (1592-1598). The number of slaves on the government's rosters had fallen from 350,000 in the 15th century to less than 200,000 by the 17th century. This decrease was caused in part by the destruction of slave records and scattering of the slave population during the war.&lt;ref&gt; Ki-baik Lee, ''A New History of Korea.'' trans. Edward W. Wagner (Seoul: Ilchokak Publishers, 1984), 251.&lt;/ref&gt; In such social conditions, the association was organized in 1741 during King Yŏngjo's reign (1694-1776) when more and more slaves fled from their masters.&lt;ref&gt; Center for Korean Studies Materials http://kostma.aks.ac.kr/Contents/Chuno/Default.aspx?Body=08 &lt;/ref&gt;. This urgent situation seems to have driven Yi Huisŏng to make a deal with his slaves by establishing the association. This document shows that the social status of slaves rose high enough to participate in it. It is interesting to see that the word 'slave' comes first in the name of the association. It is also interesting to see that this document was made in the year 1801 when 66,067 slaves were emancipated.&lt;ref&gt; Encyclopedia of Korean Culture (available at http://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Contents/SearchNavi?keyword=%EA%B3%B5%EB%85%B8%EB%B9%84&amp;ridx=0&amp;tot=1384) &lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> =='''Original Script'''==<br /> <br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; font-size:110%; color:#002080; background-color:#ffffff;&quot;<br /> !style=&quot;width:40%;&quot;|Classical Chinese || style=&quot;width:60%;&quot;| English <br /> |-<br /> |<br /> 嘉慶六年辛酉十二月十五日宗子岦處許與文<br /> <br /> 右文爲許與事 昔在辛酉年間 吾與故奴日先次奉禾里同等十名相議 刱出四石租谷爲設契 而二石吾出之 二石奴輩出之 因之曰奴主契 多年貨殖者 保奴屬爲宗家計也 宗家坦檣修毁之日 及其他雜役使喚之時 皆出契谷 以爲要用是遣 又値年荒 則契中出用分給者 已多年數矣 中間契穀&lt;ref&gt; ‘契谷’은 契員이 出資한 곡식으로서 ‘契穀’이 맞으나 음가가 같으므로 ‘谷’자로도 흔히 사용하였다.&lt;/ref&gt; 或食或逃亡者 或食身死者 則全不收捧 閪失頗多 故更議買畓 每名各給二斗落&lt;ref&gt; 畓二斗落=600坪(1斗落=300坪, 1坪<br /> =3.3058㎡)=1,983.48㎡=0.49ac(1ac=4,047㎡)&lt;/ref&gt;次知耕食 而傳子傳孫 永爲規例矣 目今奴屬中 或有無去處逃亡者 或有身死後無後者 又或娶良女所生者 及娶他婢所生者 不肯使喚 自退契中 還納同畓 則無歸屬處 故上典次知自有前例 此後段 汝亦次知 永爲宗家保用之地是旀 且無前戶首處劃給四斗落段 自刱而自罷 則誰禁而誰咎乎 曾有奴輩中 不得參分畓時遺漏者二名 而龍世時同處均給爲㫆 其餘三斗落段 契中次知要用是旀 奴輩處各耕食畓庫果 字號卜數後錄成給爲去乎 永永次次 傳給以爲遵奉吾意事<br /> <br /> 通政大夫僉知中樞府事 父 (着名署押)<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> (後錄 -생략)<br /> <br /> <br /> ||<br /> (translation)<br /> <br /> 李希誠 奴主契 許與文 (1801)<br /> <br /> 嘉慶六年辛酉十二月十五日宗子岦處許與文<br /> <br /> The document of property distribution to the legitimate son, Rip, on the fifth day of the twelfth month of the year ''sinyu'' [1801], the sixth year of Emperor Jiaqing's reign (1796-1820). <br /> <br /> <br /> 右文爲許與事 <br /> <br /> The document mentioned on the right is to bequeath my property as follows:<br /> <br /> <br /> 昔在辛酉年間 吾與故奴日先次奉禾里同等十名相議 刱出四石租穀(谷)爲設契<br /> <br /> Earlier, in the year ''sinyu'' [1741], I and ten slaves, including the late slaves Ilseon, Cha'bong, and Hwaridong, had a discussion to set aside four ''sŏk'' of rice and formed an association (''kye'' 契).<br /> <br /> <br /> 而二石吾出之 二石奴輩出之 因之曰奴主契<br /> <br /> I offered two ''sŏk'' and a group of slaves presented the other two ''sŏk'', thereby calling it slave-master association (''noju kye'' 奴主契). <br /> <br /> <br /> 多年貨殖者 保奴屬爲宗家計也 <br /> <br /> For many years we increased profits to protect slaves and to do good to head-family.<br /> <br /> <br /> 宗家垣牆修毁之日 及其他雜役使喚之時 皆出契穀(谷) 以爲要用是遣 <br /> <br /> When the family had to renovate the fences and slaves were employed to do miscellaneous menial tasks, all of us could take grain out of the association granary for the necessary purposes.<br /> <br /> <br /> 又値年荒 則契中出用分給者 已多年數矣<br /> <br /> Also encountering a drought, we have taken grain from the association and distributed it evenly amongst us. <br /> <br /> <br /> 中間契穀 或食或逃亡者 或食身死者 則全不收捧 閪失頗多<br /> <br /> Meanwhile, some ate grain and ran away, and others ate and then died, so we could not recollect them and such losses were huge.<br /> <br /> <br /> 故更議買畓 每名各給二斗落 次知耕食 而傳子傳孫 永爲規例矣<br /> <br /> Therefore, we discussed the matter again and bought rice paddies. I distributed two ''turak''&lt;ref&gt; ''Turak'' 斗落 (''Majigi'' in vernacular Korean) is the amount of land on which one ''mal'' (eighteen liters) could be planted as seed. The size of land has varied in different regions. It is approximately 150-300 ''pyŏng'' (495-990 square meters) for rice paddies and 100 ''pyŏng'' (330 square meters) for dry fields. See James B. Palais, ''Confucian Statecraft and Korean Institutions: Yu Hyŏngwŏn and the Late Chosŏn Dynasty'' (Seattle and London: University of Washington Press, 1996), 364.&lt;/ref&gt; of the paddies to each to live on them and made it a lasting ordinance to pass them down to descendants.<br /> <br /> <br /> 目今奴屬中 或有無去處逃亡者 或有身死後無後者 又或娶良女所生者 及娶他婢所生者<br /> <br /> Now, there are slaves as follows: who ran away without any permanent place; who died without leaving any descendants; who married to a commoner woman and their children became commoners; who took another master’s slave as a wife and their children belonged to the master.<br /> <br /> <br /> 不肯使喚 自退契中 還納同畓 則無歸屬處 故上典次知自有前例<br /> <br /> All of them would not work for this family, backed out of the association, and returned the paddies. But since there was no place to return, the owner was supposed to take charge of them according to a precedent.<br /> <br /> <br /> 此後段 汝亦次知 永爲宗家保用之地是旀<br /> <br /> From now on, you [my son] will be in charge of them and make them a permanent property of this head-family.<br /> <br /> <br /> 且無前戶首處劃給四斗落段 自刱而自罷 則誰禁而誰咎乎<br /> <br /> In addition, as for the four ''turak'' given to heads of households who were not present before, they were voluntarily collected and given up, so who could be forbidden and who could be blamed?<br /> <br /> <br /> 曾有奴輩中 不得參分畓時遺漏者二名 而龍世時同處均給爲㫆 *爲㫆: 하며<br /> <br /> Earlier there were two slaves who did not take part in the paddy distribution and were left out. They are Yongse and Sidong to whom you ought to distribute the land evenly.<br /> <br /> <br /> 其餘三斗落段 契中次知要用是旀<br /> <br /> As for the rest, three ''turak'', they shall belong to the compact land and be used for its need.<br /> <br /> <br /> 奴輩處各耕食畓庫果 字號卜數後錄成給爲去乎 <br /> <br /> As for the paddies distributed to slaves, I will state their location and yields in the postscript.<br /> <br /> <br /> 永永次次 傳給以爲遵奉吾意事<br /> <br /> You shall respect my will by transmitting them for generation after generation, forever.<br /> <br /> <br /> 通政大夫僉知中樞府事 父 (着名署押)<br /> <br /> Great Master of Thoroughly Administrative (''Tongjeong taebu'')&lt;ref&gt; ''Tongjeong taebu'' is the senior third-rank title.&lt;/ref&gt; and Fifth Minister at the Office of Ministers-without-Portfolio, Father 【Signature】<br /> <br /> <br /> 後錄 -생략<br /> <br /> The postscript is omitted. <br /> <br /> <br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> =='''Discussion Questions'''==<br /> <br /> 1. What does this document tell us about relations between masters and slaves?<br /> <br /> 2. What can we learn as to the social and economic conditions of Chosŏn slaves from this document?<br /> <br /> 3. Why do you think the two parties created this document? What purposes does this document serve? <br /> <br /> 4. What can we learn from this document about the social and economic conditions of the day? <br /> <br /> 5. How would the slaves understand this contract written in Korean literary sinitic language?<br /> <br /> 6. How do you think these documents were created? Did the master of slaves create this document in his own writing? Or was it written by a legal agent? How do you think they secure the legality of this document?<br /> <br /> 7. What does this document tell us about relations between the ''yangban'' and ''nobi'' strata in the Chosŏn dynasty, given that the slave system during this period was undergoing immense change?<br /> <br /> 8. In regard to the inheritance of the compact between slaves and their master, who do you think benefited from this contract?<br /> <br /> 9. Was''kye'' 契 a completely private arrangement or was it somehow state-mediated?<br /> <br /> 10. Had the status of ''no'' 奴 (“male slave”) in the early 19th century improved so as to go into contract with their masters? <br /> <br /> 11. Was this document of the slave-master association 奴主契 common in the Chosŏn dynasty? <br /> <br /> 12. What do you think is the historical significance of this document in the context of late Chosŏn social history?<br /> <br /> 13. Is this document indicative of upward social mobility in Chosŏn Korea? To what extent? <br /> <br /> 14. How does this document help us define the slave-master compact? <br /> <br /> 15. Could this contract be in conflict with the preexisting slave contracts (given the absence of such clause as &quot;this contract hereby cancels the previous contract&quot;)? <br /> <br /> 16. How would the inheritance of the 2 durak be changed should the number of slaves in each slave household change over time?<br /> <br /> 17. How could the slaves hire workers to fix the walls?<br /> <br /> 18. How are the slaves in Korea different from serfs or peasants in medieval Europe? <br /> <br /> 19. Since when did the compact between slaves and their master begin to appear in Chosŏn Korea? Was this a common practice? Were there any regional differences?<br /> <br /> 20. How does Yi Huiseong rationalize/justify the inheritance of his properties to his own son?<br /> <br /> 21. How do you think the enactment of the matrilineal rule for slaves (奴婢從母法) in 1731 might have influenced this document (1801)?<br /> <br /> =='''Further Readings'''==<br /> &lt;!--<br /> &lt;div style=&quot;color:#008080;&quot;&gt;<br /> * View together with '''~~'''.<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> --&gt;<br /> * Kennedy, Gerard F. “The Korean Kye: Maintaining Human Scale in a Modernizing Society,” ''Korean Studies'' 1 (1977): 197–222.<br /> * Jangseogak Archives of The Academy of Korean Studies ed., ''More Than Wills: Property Distribution Documents of the Joseon Dynasty''. Seongnam: AKS Press, 2017.<br /> * Mun, Sukja 文叔子. &quot;The Writing Process of the Record of Property Distribution during the Chosŏn Period (朝鮮時代 分財文記의 作成過程과 그 特徵),&quot; ''Yŏngnam Studies'' 18 (December 2010): 215-248.<br /> * The Academy of Korean Studies ed., ''Komunsŏ chipsŏng'' 65. Sŏngnam: AKS Press, 2003.<br /> <br /> =='''References'''==<br /> &lt;references/&gt;<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:2018 Hanmun Summer Workshop]]<br /> [[Category:Advanced Translation Group]]</div>

Sanghoon Na http://dh.aks.ac.kr/jsg/index.php?title=(Translation)_%E5%BA%9A%E5%8D%88%E5%B9%B4_%E7%A7%81%E5%A5%B4_%E4%B8%81%E5%B1%B1_%E6%B1%9F%E9%99%B5%E5%A4%A7%E9%83%BD%E8%AD%B7%E5%BA%9C_%E7%AB%8B%E6%97%A8&diff=16042 2018-11-21T12:00:42Z

<p>Sanghoon Na: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Primary Source Document3<br /> |Image = 경오년사노정산입지.jpg<br /> |English = Notarized Application for Land Register by Private Slave Jeongsan in the ''gyeong-o'' year [1750]<br /> |Chinese = 庚午年 私奴 丁山 江陵大都護府 立旨<br /> |Korean = 경오년 사노 정산 강릉대도호부 입지(''Gyeongonyeon Sano Jeongsan Gangneung-daedohobu Ipji'')<br /> |Genre = [[Historical Manuscripts]]<br /> |Type = Record<br /> |Author = 私奴 丁山 <br /> |Year = 1750<br /> |Key Concepts= petition, notarized application, slave, letter of authorization, evidence<br /> |Translator = [[2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced)#Participants | Participants of 2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced Translation Group)]]<br /> |Editor = Jaeyoon Song, Sanghoon Na<br /> |Translation Year = 2018<br /> <br /> }}<br /> [[File:Backward.png|right|40px|link=2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced)#Primary Sources for Korean Studies]]<br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Introduction'''==<br /> <br /> =='''Original Script'''==<br /> <br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;width:80%; font-size:110%; color:#002080; background-color:#ffffff;&quot;<br /> !style=&quot;width:40%;&quot;|Classical Chinese || style=&quot;width:60%;&quot;| English <br /> |-<br /> |<br /> 加南居私奴丁山[手寸]<br /> <br /> 右以陳所志矣段矣 上典利川居宋生員田畓庫乙買得爲居乎矣<br /> <br /> 奴子守鳳基矣上典宅牌子導良成明文許給爲乎矣他官遠地之<br /> <br /> 事乙此時人心或有雜談是白可如是明文牌子幷以粘連仰訴爲白去乎<br /> <br /> 後考次立旨及踏印成給事乙千萬祝手爲乎爲<br /> <br /> 行下　向敎　是事<br /> <br /> 大　都護府　處分[官押]<br /> <br /> 庚午五月日　所志<br /> <br /> [題辭]　後考次立旨成給<br /> <br /> 十七日[官印]<br /> <br /> <br /> ||<br /> <br /> III-1. 庚午年私奴丁山江陵大都護府立旨<br /> <br /> Notarized Application for Land Register &lt;ref&gt; Once the application (''soji'' 所志) was notarized by a government office, it was called ''ipji'' 立旨. See Choe Seunghui, ''Hanguk gomunseo yeongu'' (Seoul: Jisik saneopsa, 1989), 275.&lt;/ref&gt; of Gangneung Special City for Slave Jeongsan in the ''gyeong-o'' year [1750]<br /> <br /> <br /> 加南居私奴丁山 [手寸]<br /> <br /> Private Male Slave Jeongsan residing in Ganam (Signature of Finger Joint)<br /> <br /> <br /> 右以陳所志矣段矣 <br /> <br /> The purpose of this application is as follows: <br /> <br /> <br /> 上典利川居宋生員田畓庫乙買得爲居乎矣 奴子守鳳 其矣上典宅牌子導良 成明文許給爲乎矣 他官遠地之事乙 此時人心或有雜談是白可 如是明文牌子幷以粘連 仰訴爲白去乎 後考次立旨及踏印成給事乙 千萬祝手爲乎爲<br /> <br /> My master [Yi Naebeon] purchased farm fields and rice paddies from ''Saengwon''&lt;ref&gt; ''Saengwon'' 生員 was a scholar who passed the classics licentiate examination. The licentiate examinations were of two kinds; the classics licentiate examination (''saengwon-gwa'' 生員科) that examined candidates on the Four Books and Five Classics of China, and the literary licentiate examination (''jinsa-gwa'' 進士科) that tested skill in composing such Chinese literary forms as ''shi'' poetry (''shi'' 詩), rhyme-prose (''fu'' 賦), documentary prose (''biao'' 表), and the problem-essay (''chaek'' 策). See Ki-baik Lee, ''A New History of Korea,'' trans. Edward W. Wagner (Seoul: Ilchokak, 1984), 180. &lt;/ref&gt; Song residing in Icheon. Based upon the letter of authorization given to his slave Subong by his master [Mr. Song], the agreement document was made. Since the matter occurred in another distant region [Gangneung], the people nowadays might make an issue out of it. Thus, by attaching the bill of sale with the letter of authorization together to this application like this, I appeal to you to notarize the application by stamping it in order to be used as evidence later. I beg you earnestly rubbing my hands thousands of times. <br /> <br /> <br /> 行下向敎是事<br /> <br /> Please notarize this application.<br /> <br /> <br /> 大都護府 處分 [官押]<br /> <br /> Request for Approval of the Greater [Gangneung] Prefecture&lt;ref&gt; In the late Joseon period, there were five greater prefectures: Gangneung, Andong, Yeongheung, Yeongbyeon, and Changwon.&lt;/ref&gt;(Official Signature)&lt;ref&gt; The signature ''gwan'' 官 was engraved in wood first and then stamped on the document for the sake of convenience.&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> <br /> 庚午五月日　所志<br /> <br /> The application submitted on a certain day&lt;ref&gt; According to Sim Yeong-hwan (Senior Researcher at the Jangseogak Archives of The Academy of Korean Studies), it was usual that the exact date was not filled in because the drafter did not know when the application would be delivered to the authorities. In addition, according to Mun Sukja (Researcher at the SNU Law Research Institute), the documents of the late Joseon period tended to omit the exact date unlike those of the early- or mid-Joseon period. Mun Sukja, “Reading the Documents of Property Distribution” (lecture, The Academy of Korean Studies, Seongnam, Gyeonggi province, August 22, 2018).&lt;/ref&gt; of the fifth month of the ''gyeong-o'' year [1750]. <br /> <br /> <br /> [題辭]　後考次立旨成給<br /> <br /> [Official Decision] A certificate is issued in order to be used as evidence later.<br /> <br /> <br /> 十七日 [官印]<br /> <br /> On the seventeenth day (Government Seal)<br /> <br /> <br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> =='''Discussion Questions'''==<br /> # On what grounds did the slaves dispose of their master's property?<br /> # How much did the slaves understand the document written in Chinese characters?<br /> <br /> =='''Further Readings'''==<br /> &lt;!--<br /> &lt;div style=&quot;color:#008080;&quot;&gt;<br /> * View together with '''~~'''.<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> --&gt;<br /> *<br /> *<br /> <br /> <br /> =='''References'''==<br /> &lt;references/&gt;<br /> <br /> =='''Translation'''==<br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> *Discussion Questions:<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:2018 Hanmun Summer Workshop]]<br /> [[Category:Advanced Translation Group]]</div>

Sanghoon Na http://dh.aks.ac.kr/jsg/index.php?title=(Translation)_%E5%BA%9A%E5%8D%88%E5%B9%B4_%E7%A7%81%E5%A5%B4_%E4%B8%81%E5%B1%B1_%E6%B1%9F%E9%99%B5%E5%A4%A7%E9%83%BD%E8%AD%B7%E5%BA%9C_%E7%AB%8B%E6%97%A8&diff=16041 2018-11-21T12:00:14Z

<p>Sanghoon Na: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Primary Source Document3<br /> |Image = 경오년사노정산입지.jpg<br /> |English = Notarized Application for Land Register by Private Slave Jeongsan in the ''gyeong-o'' year [1750]<br /> |Chinese = 庚午年 私奴 丁山 江陵大都護府 立旨<br /> |Korean = 경오년 사노 정산 강릉대도호부 입지(''Gyeongonyeon Sano Jeongsan Gangneung-daedohobu Ipji'')<br /> |Genre = [[Historical Manuscripts]]<br /> |Type = Record<br /> |Author = 私奴 丁山 <br /> |Year = 1750<br /> |Key Concepts= petition, notarized application, slave, letter of authorization, evidence<br /> |Translator = [[2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced)#Participants | Participants of 2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced Translation Group)]]<br /> |Editor = Jaeyoon Song, Sanghoon Na<br /> |Translation Year = 2018<br /> <br /> }}<br /> [[File:Backward.png|right|40px|link=2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced)#Primary Sources for Korean Studies]]<br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Introduction'''==<br /> <br /> =='''Original Script'''==<br /> <br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;width:80%; font-size:110%; color:#002080; background-color:#ffffff;&quot;<br /> !style=&quot;width:40%;&quot;|Classical Chinese || style=&quot;width:60%;&quot;| English <br /> |-<br /> |<br /> 加南居私奴丁山[手寸]<br /> <br /> 右以陳所志矣段矣 上典利川居宋生員田畓庫乙買得爲居乎矣<br /> <br /> 奴子守鳳基矣上典宅牌子導良成明文許給爲乎矣他官遠地之<br /> <br /> 事乙此時人心或有雜談是白可如是明文牌子幷以粘連仰訴爲白去乎<br /> <br /> 後考次立旨及踏印成給事乙千萬祝手爲乎爲<br /> <br /> 行下　向敎　是事<br /> <br /> 大　都護府　處分[官押]<br /> <br /> 庚午五月日　所志<br /> <br /> [題辭]　後考次立旨成給<br /> <br /> 十七日[官印]<br /> <br /> <br /> ||<br /> <br /> III-1. 庚午年私奴丁山江陵大都護府立旨<br /> <br /> Notarized Application for Land Register &lt;ref&gt; Once the application (''soji'' 所志) was notarized by a government office, it was called ''ipji'' 立旨. See Choe Seunghui, ''Hanguk gomunseo yeongu'' (Seoul: Jisik saneopsa, 1989), 275.&lt;/ref&gt; of Gangneung Special City for Slave Jeongsan in the ''gyeong-o'' year [1750]<br /> <br /> <br /> 加南居私奴丁山 [手寸]<br /> <br /> Private Male Slave Jeongsan residing in Ganam [Signature of Finger Joint]<br /> <br /> <br /> 右以陳所志矣段矣 <br /> <br /> The purpose of this application is as follows: <br /> <br /> <br /> 上典利川居宋生員田畓庫乙買得爲居乎矣 奴子守鳳 其矣上典宅牌子導良 成明文許給爲乎矣 他官遠地之事乙 此時人心或有雜談是白可 如是明文牌子幷以粘連 仰訴爲白去乎 後考次立旨及踏印成給事乙 千萬祝手爲乎爲<br /> <br /> My master [Yi Naebeon] purchased farm fields and rice paddies from ''Saengwon''&lt;ref&gt; ''Saengwon'' 生員 was a scholar who passed the classics licentiate examination. The licentiate examinations were of two kinds; the classics licentiate examination (''saengwon-gwa'' 生員科) that examined candidates on the Four Books and Five Classics of China, and the literary licentiate examination (''jinsa-gwa'' 進士科) that tested skill in composing such Chinese literary forms as ''shi'' poetry (''shi'' 詩), rhyme-prose (''fu'' 賦), documentary prose (''biao'' 表), and the problem-essay (''chaek'' 策). See Ki-baik Lee, ''A New History of Korea,'' trans. Edward W. Wagner (Seoul: Ilchokak, 1984), 180. &lt;/ref&gt; Song residing in Icheon. Based upon the letter of authorization given to his slave Subong by his master [Mr. Song], the agreement document was made. Since the matter occurred in another distant region [Gangneung], the people nowadays might make an issue out of it. Thus, by attaching the bill of sale with the letter of authorization together to this application like this, I appeal to you to notarize the application by stamping it in order to be used as evidence later. I beg you earnestly rubbing my hands thousands of times. <br /> <br /> <br /> 行下向敎是事<br /> <br /> Please notarize this application.<br /> <br /> <br /> 大都護府 處分 [官押]<br /> <br /> Request for Approval of the Greater [Gangneung] Prefecture&lt;ref&gt; In the late Joseon period, there were five greater prefectures: Gangneung, Andong, Yeongheung, Yeongbyeon, and Changwon.&lt;/ref&gt;(Official Signature)&lt;ref&gt; The signature ''gwan'' 官 was engraved in wood first and then stamped on the document for the sake of convenience.&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> <br /> 庚午五月日　所志<br /> <br /> The application submitted on a certain day&lt;ref&gt; According to Sim Yeong-hwan (Senior Researcher at the Jangseogak Archives of The Academy of Korean Studies), it was usual that the exact date was not filled in because the drafter did not know when the application would be delivered to the authorities. In addition, according to Mun Sukja (Researcher at the SNU Law Research Institute), the documents of the late Joseon period tended to omit the exact date unlike those of the early- or mid-Joseon period. Mun Sukja, “Reading the Documents of Property Distribution” (lecture, The Academy of Korean Studies, Seongnam, Gyeonggi province, August 22, 2018).&lt;/ref&gt; of the fifth month of the ''gyeong-o'' year [1750]. <br /> <br /> <br /> [題辭]　後考次立旨成給<br /> <br /> [Official Decision] A certificate is issued in order to be used as evidence later.<br /> <br /> <br /> 十七日 [官印]<br /> <br /> On the seventeenth day (Government Seal)<br /> <br /> <br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> =='''Discussion Questions'''==<br /> # On what grounds did the slaves dispose of their master's property?<br /> # How much did the slaves understand the document written in Chinese characters?<br /> <br /> =='''Further Readings'''==<br /> &lt;!--<br /> &lt;div style=&quot;color:#008080;&quot;&gt;<br /> * View together with '''~~'''.<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> --&gt;<br /> *<br /> *<br /> <br /> <br /> =='''References'''==<br /> &lt;references/&gt;<br /> <br /> =='''Translation'''==<br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> *Discussion Questions:<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:2018 Hanmun Summer Workshop]]<br /> [[Category:Advanced Translation Group]]</div>

Sanghoon Na http://dh.aks.ac.kr/jsg/index.php?title=(Translation)_%E5%BA%9A%E5%8D%88%E5%B9%B4_%E7%A7%81%E5%A5%B4_%E4%B8%81%E5%B1%B1_%E6%B1%9F%E9%99%B5%E5%A4%A7%E9%83%BD%E8%AD%B7%E5%BA%9C_%E7%AB%8B%E6%97%A8&diff=16040 2018-11-21T11:58:45Z

<p>Sanghoon Na: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Primary Source Document3<br /> |Image = 경오년사노정산입지.jpg<br /> |English = Notarized Application for Land Register by Private Slave Jeongsan in the ''gyeong-o'' year [1750]<br /> |Chinese = 庚午年 私奴 丁山 江陵大都護府 立旨<br /> |Korean = 경오년 사노 정산 강릉대도호부 입지(''Gyeongonyeon Sano Jeongsan Gangneung-daedohobu Ipji'')<br /> |Genre = [[Historical Manuscripts]]<br /> |Type = Record<br /> |Author = 私奴 丁山 <br /> |Year = 1750<br /> |Key Concepts= petition, notarized application, slave, letter of authorization, evidence<br /> |Translator = [[2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced)#Participants | Participants of 2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced Translation Group)]]<br /> |Editor = Jaeyoon Song, Sanghoon Na<br /> |Translation Year = 2018<br /> <br /> }}<br /> [[File:Backward.png|right|40px|link=2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced)#Primary Sources for Korean Studies]]<br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Introduction'''==<br /> <br /> =='''Original Script'''==<br /> <br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;width:80%; font-size:110%; color:#002080; background-color:#ffffff;&quot;<br /> !style=&quot;width:40%;&quot;|Classical Chinese || style=&quot;width:60%;&quot;| English <br /> |-<br /> |<br /> 加南居私奴丁山[手寸]<br /> <br /> 右以陳所志矣段矣 上典利川居宋生員田畓庫乙買得爲居乎矣<br /> <br /> 奴子守鳳基矣上典宅牌子導良成明文許給爲乎矣他官遠地之<br /> <br /> 事乙此時人心或有雜談是白可如是明文牌子幷以粘連仰訴爲白去乎<br /> <br /> 後考次立旨及踏印成給事乙千萬祝手爲乎爲<br /> <br /> 行下　向敎　是事<br /> <br /> 大　都護府　處分[官押]<br /> <br /> 庚午五月日　所志<br /> <br /> [題辭]　後考次立旨成給<br /> <br /> 十七日[官印]<br /> <br /> <br /> ||<br /> <br /> III-1. 庚午年私奴丁山江陵大都護府立旨<br /> <br /> Notarized Application for Land Register &lt;ref&gt; Once the application (''soji'' 所志) was notarized by a government office, it was called ''ipji'' 立旨. See Choe Seunghui, ''Hanguk gomunseo yeongu'' (Seoul: Jisik saneopsa, 1989), 275.&lt;/ref&gt; of Gangneung Special City for Slave Jeongsan in the ''gyeong-o'' year [1750]<br /> <br /> <br /> 加南居私奴丁山 [手寸]<br /> <br /> Private Male Slave Jeongsan residing in Ganam [Signature of Finger Joint]<br /> <br /> <br /> 右以陳所志矣段矣 <br /> <br /> The purpose of this application is as follows: <br /> <br /> <br /> 上典利川居宋生員田畓庫乙買得爲居乎矣 奴子守鳳 其矣上典宅牌子導良 成明文許給爲乎矣 他官遠地之事乙 此時人心或有雜談是白可 如是明文牌子幷以粘連 仰訴爲白去乎 後考次立旨及踏印成給事乙 千萬祝手爲乎爲<br /> <br /> My master [Yi Naebeon] purchased farm fields and rice paddies from ''Saengwon''&lt;ref&gt; ''Saengwon'' 生員 was a scholar who passed the classics licentiate examination. The licentiate examinations were of two kinds; the classics licentiate examination (''saengwon-gwa'' 生員科) that examined candidates on the Four Books and Five Classics of China, and the literary licentiate examination (''jinsa-gwa'' 進士科) that tested skill in composing such Chinese literary forms as ''shi'' poetry (''shi'' 詩), rhyme-prose (''fu'' 賦), documentary prose (''biao'' 表), and the problem-essay (''chaek'' 策). See Ki-baik Lee, ''A New History of Korea,'' trans. Edward W. Wagner (Seoul: Ilchokak, 1984), 180. &lt;/ref&gt; Song residing in Icheon. Based upon the letter of authorization given to his slave Subong by his master [Mr. Song], the agreement document was made. Since the matter occurred in another distant region [Gangneung], the people nowadays might make an issue out of it. Thus, by attaching the bill of sale with the letter of authorization together to this application like this, I appeal to you to notarize the application by stamping it in order to be used as evidence later. I beg you earnestly rubbing my hands thousands of times. <br /> <br /> <br /> 行下向敎是事<br /> <br /> Please notarize this application.<br /> <br /> <br /> 大都護府 處分 [官押]<br /> <br /> Request for Approval of the Greater [Gangneung] Prefecture&lt;ref&gt; In the late Joseon period, there were five greater prefectures: Gangneung, Andong, Yeongheung, Yeongbyeon, and Changwon.&lt;/ref&gt; [Official Signature]&lt;ref&gt; The signature ''gwan'' 官 was engraved in wood first and then stamped on the document for the sake of convenience.&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> <br /> 庚午五月日　所志<br /> <br /> The application submitted on a certain day&lt;ref&gt; According to Sim Yeong-hwan (Senior Researcher at the Jangseogak Archives of The Academy of Korean Studies), it was usual that the exact date was not filled in because the drafter did not know when the application would be delivered to the authorities. In addition, according to Mun Sukja (Researcher at the SNU Law Research Institute), the documents of the late Joseon period tended to omit the exact date unlike those of the early- or mid-Joseon period. Mun Sukja, “Reading the Documents of Property Distribution” (lecture, The Academy of Korean Studies, Seongnam, Gyeonggi province, August 22, 2018).&lt;/ref&gt; of the fifth month of the ''gyeong-o'' year [1750]. <br /> <br /> <br /> [題辭]　後考次立旨成給<br /> <br /> [Official Decision] A certificate is issued in order to be used as evidence later.<br /> <br /> <br /> 十七日 [官印]<br /> <br /> On the seventeenth day [Government Seal]<br /> <br /> <br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> =='''Discussion Questions'''==<br /> # On what grounds did the slaves dispose of their master's property?<br /> # How much did the slaves understand the document written in Chinese characters?<br /> <br /> =='''Further Readings'''==<br /> &lt;!--<br /> &lt;div style=&quot;color:#008080;&quot;&gt;<br /> * View together with '''~~'''.<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> --&gt;<br /> *<br /> *<br /> <br /> <br /> =='''References'''==<br /> &lt;references/&gt;<br /> <br /> =='''Translation'''==<br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> *Discussion Questions:<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:2018 Hanmun Summer Workshop]]<br /> [[Category:Advanced Translation Group]]</div>

Sanghoon Na http://dh.aks.ac.kr/jsg/index.php?title=(Translation)_%E5%BA%9A%E5%8D%88%E5%B9%B4_%E7%A7%81%E5%A5%B4_%E4%B8%81%E5%B1%B1_%E6%B1%9F%E9%99%B5%E5%A4%A7%E9%83%BD%E8%AD%B7%E5%BA%9C_%E7%AB%8B%E6%97%A8&diff=16039 2018-11-21T11:57:51Z

<p>Sanghoon Na: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Primary Source Document3<br /> |Image = 경오년사노정산입지.jpg<br /> |English = Notarized Application for Land Register by Private Slave Jeongsan in the ''gyeong-o'' year [1750]<br /> |Chinese = 庚午年 私奴 丁山 江陵大都護府 立旨<br /> |Korean = 경오년 사노 정산 강릉대도호부 입지(''Gyeongonyeon Sano Jeongsan Gangneung-daedohobu Ipji'')<br /> |Genre = [[Historical Manuscripts]]<br /> |Type = Record<br /> |Author = 私奴 丁山 <br /> |Year = 1750<br /> |Key Concepts= petition, notarized application, slave, letter of authorization, evidence<br /> |Translator = [[2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced)#Participants | Participants of 2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced Translation Group)]]<br /> |Editor = Jaeyoon Song, Sanghoon Na<br /> |Translation Year = 2018<br /> <br /> }}<br /> [[File:Backward.png|right|40px|link=2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced)#Primary Sources for Korean Studies]]<br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Introduction'''==<br /> <br /> =='''Original Script'''==<br /> <br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;width:80%; font-size:110%; color:#002080; background-color:#ffffff;&quot;<br /> !style=&quot;width:40%;&quot;|Classical Chinese || style=&quot;width:60%;&quot;| English <br /> |-<br /> |<br /> 加南居私奴丁山[手寸]<br /> <br /> 右以陳所志矣段矣 上典利川居宋生員田畓庫乙買得爲居乎矣<br /> <br /> 奴子守鳳基矣上典宅牌子導良成明文許給爲乎矣他官遠地之<br /> <br /> 事乙此時人心或有雜談是白可如是明文牌子幷以粘連仰訴爲白去乎<br /> <br /> 後考次立旨及踏印成給事乙千萬祝手爲乎爲<br /> <br /> 行下　向敎　是事<br /> <br /> 大　都護府　處分[官押]<br /> <br /> 庚午五月日　所志<br /> <br /> [題辭]　後考次立旨成給<br /> <br /> 十七日[官印]<br /> <br /> <br /> ||<br /> <br /> III-1. 庚午年私奴丁山江陵大都護府立旨<br /> <br /> Notarized Application for Land Register &lt;ref&gt; Once the application (''soji'' 所志) was notarized by a government office, it was called ''ipji'' 立旨. See Choe Seunghui, ''Hanguk gomunseo yeongu'' (Seoul: Jisik saneopsa, 1989), 275.&lt;/ref&gt; of Gangneung Special City for Slave Jeongsan in the ''gyeong-o'' year [1750]<br /> <br /> <br /> 加南居私奴丁山 [手寸]<br /> <br /> Private Male Slave Jeongsan residing in Ganam [Signature of Finger Joint]<br /> <br /> <br /> 右以陳所志矣段矣 <br /> <br /> The purpose of this application is as follows: <br /> <br /> <br /> 上典利川居宋生員田畓庫乙買得爲居乎矣 奴子守鳳 其矣上典宅牌子導良 成明文許給爲乎矣 他官遠地之事乙 此時人心或有雜談是白可 如是明文牌子幷以粘連 仰訴爲白去乎 後考次立旨及踏印成給事乙 千萬祝手爲乎爲<br /> <br /> My master [Yi Naebeon] purchased farm fields and rice paddies from ''Saengwon''&lt;ref&gt; Saengwon 生員 was a scholar who passed the classics licentiate examination. The licentiate examinations were of two kinds; the classics licentiate examination (''saengwon-gwa'' 生員科) that examined candidates on the Four Books and Five Classics of China, and the literary licentiate examination (''jinsa-gwa'' 進士科) that tested skill in composing such Chinese literary forms as ''shi'' poetry (''shi'' 詩), rhyme-prose (''fu'' 賦), documentary prose (''biao'' 表), and the problem-essay (''chaek'' 策). See Ki-baik Lee, ''A New History of Korea,'' trans. Edward W. Wagner (Seoul: Ilchokak, 1984), 180. &lt;/ref&gt; Song residing in Icheon. Based upon the letter of authorization given to his slave Subong by his master [Mr. Song], the agreement document was made. Since the matter occurred in another distant region [Gangneung], the people nowadays might make an issue out of it. Thus, by attaching the bill of sale with the letter of authorization together to this application like this, I appeal to you to notarize the application by stamping it in order to be used as evidence later. I beg you earnestly rubbing my hands thousands of times. <br /> <br /> <br /> 行下向敎是事<br /> <br /> Please notarize this application.<br /> <br /> <br /> 大都護府 處分 [官押]<br /> <br /> Request for Approval of the Greater [Gangneung] Prefecture&lt;ref&gt; In the late Joseon period, there were five greater prefectures: Gangneung, Andong, Yeongheung, Yeongbyeon, and Changwon.&lt;/ref&gt; [Official Signature]&lt;ref&gt; The signature ''gwan'' 官 was engraved in wood first and then stamped on the document for the sake of convenience.&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> <br /> 庚午五月日　所志<br /> <br /> The application submitted on a certain day&lt;ref&gt; According to Sim Yeong-hwan (Senior Researcher at the Jangseogak Archives of The Academy of Korean Studies), it was usual that the exact date was not filled in because the drafter did not know when the application would be delivered to the authorities. In addition, according to Mun Sukja (Researcher at the SNU Law Research Institute), the documents of the late Joseon period tended to omit the exact date unlike those of the early- or mid-Joseon period. Mun Sukja, “Reading the Documents of Property Distribution” (lecture, The Academy of Korean Studies, Seongnam, Gyeonggi province, August 22, 2018).&lt;/ref&gt; of the fifth month of the ''gyeong-o'' year [1750]. <br /> <br /> <br /> [題辭]　後考次立旨成給<br /> <br /> [Official Decision] A certificate is issued in order to be used as evidence later.<br /> <br /> <br /> 十七日 [官印]<br /> <br /> On the seventeenth day [Government Seal]<br /> <br /> <br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> =='''Discussion Questions'''==<br /> # On what grounds did the slaves dispose of their master's property?<br /> # How much did the slaves understand the document written in Chinese characters?<br /> <br /> =='''Further Readings'''==<br /> &lt;!--<br /> &lt;div style=&quot;color:#008080;&quot;&gt;<br /> * View together with '''~~'''.<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> --&gt;<br /> *<br /> *<br /> <br /> <br /> =='''References'''==<br /> &lt;references/&gt;<br /> <br /> =='''Translation'''==<br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> *Discussion Questions:<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:2018 Hanmun Summer Workshop]]<br /> [[Category:Advanced Translation Group]]</div>

Sanghoon Na http://dh.aks.ac.kr/jsg/index.php?title=(Translation)_%E5%BA%9A%E5%8D%88%E5%B9%B4_%E7%A7%81%E5%A5%B4_%E4%B8%81%E5%B1%B1_%E6%B1%9F%E9%99%B5%E5%A4%A7%E9%83%BD%E8%AD%B7%E5%BA%9C_%E7%AB%8B%E6%97%A8&diff=16038 2018-11-21T11:54:07Z

<p>Sanghoon Na: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Primary Source Document3<br /> |Image = 경오년사노정산입지.jpg<br /> |English = Notarized Application for Land Register by Private Slave Jeongsan in the ''gyeong-o'' year [1750]<br /> |Chinese = 庚午年 私奴 丁山 江陵大都護府 立旨<br /> |Korean = 경오년 사노 정산 강릉대도호부 입지(''Gyeongonyeon Sano Jeongsan Gangneung-daedohobu Ipji'')<br /> |Genre = [[Historical Manuscripts]]<br /> |Type = Record<br /> |Author = 私奴 丁山 <br /> |Year = 1750<br /> |Key Concepts= petition, notarized application, slave, letter of authorization, evidence<br /> |Translator = [[2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced)#Participants | Participants of 2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced Translation Group)]]<br /> |Editor = Jaeyoon Song, Sanghoon Na<br /> |Translation Year = 2018<br /> <br /> }}<br /> [[File:Backward.png|right|40px|link=2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced)#Primary Sources for Korean Studies]]<br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Introduction'''==<br /> <br /> =='''Original Script'''==<br /> <br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;width:80%; font-size:110%; color:#002080; background-color:#ffffff;&quot;<br /> !style=&quot;width:40%;&quot;|Classical Chinese || style=&quot;width:60%;&quot;| English <br /> |-<br /> |<br /> 加南居私奴丁山[手寸]<br /> <br /> 右以陳所志矣段矣 上典利川居宋生員田畓庫乙買得爲居乎矣<br /> <br /> 奴子守鳳基矣上典宅牌子導良成明文許給爲乎矣他官遠地之<br /> <br /> 事乙此時人心或有雜談是白可如是明文牌子幷以粘連仰訴爲白去乎<br /> <br /> 後考次立旨及踏印成給事乙千萬祝手爲乎爲<br /> <br /> 行下　向敎　是事<br /> <br /> 大　都護府　處分[官押]<br /> <br /> 庚午五月日　所志<br /> <br /> [題辭]　後考次立旨成給<br /> <br /> 十七日[官印]<br /> <br /> <br /> ||<br /> <br /> III-1. 庚午年私奴丁山江陵大都護府立旨<br /> <br /> Notarized Application for Land Register &lt;ref&gt; Once the application (''soji'' 所志) was notarized by a government office, it was called ''ipji'' 立旨. See Choe Seunghui, ''Hanguk gomunseo yeongu'' (Seoul: Jisik saneopsa, 1989), 275.&lt;/ref&gt; of Gangneung Special City for Slave Jeongsan in the ''gyeong-o'' year [1750]<br /> <br /> 加南居私奴丁山 [手寸]<br /> <br /> Private Male Slave Jeongsan residing in Ganam [Signature of Finger Joint]<br /> <br /> <br /> 右以陳所志矣段矣 <br /> <br /> The purpose of this application is as follows: <br /> <br /> <br /> 上典利川居宋生員田畓庫乙買得爲居乎矣 奴子守鳳 其矣上典宅牌子導良 成明文許給爲乎矣 他官遠地之事乙 此時人心或有雜談是白可 如是明文牌子幷以粘連 仰訴爲白去乎 後考次立旨及踏印成給事乙 千萬祝手爲乎爲<br /> <br /> My master [Yi Naebeon] purchased farm fields and rice paddies from ''Saengwon''&lt;ref&gt; Saengwon 生員 was a scholar who passed the classics licentiate examination. The licentiate examinations were of two kinds; the classics licentiate examination (''saengwon-gwa'' 生員科) that examined candidates on the Four Books and Five Classics of China, and the literary licentiate examination (''jinsa-gwa'' 進士科) that tested skill in composing such Chinese literary forms as ''shi'' poetry (''shi'' 詩), rhyme-prose (''fu'' 賦), documentary prose (''biao'' 表), and the problem-essay (''chaek'' 策). See Ki-baik Lee, ''A New History of Korea,'' trans. Edward W. Wagner (Seoul: Ilchokak, 1984), 180. &lt;/ref&gt; Song residing in Icheon. Based upon the letter of authorization given to his slave Subong by his master [Mr. Song], the agreement document was made. Since the matter occurred in another distant region [Gangneung], the people nowadays might make an issue out of it. Thus, by attaching the bill of sale with the letter of authorization together to this application like this, I appeal to you to notarize the application by stamping it in order to be used as evidence later. I beg you earnestly rubbing my hands thousands of times. <br /> <br /> <br /> 行下向敎是事<br /> <br /> Please notarize this application.<br /> <br /> <br /> 大都護府 處分 [官押]<br /> <br /> Request for Approval of the Greater [Gangneung] Prefecture&lt;ref&gt; In the late Joseon period, there were five greater prefectures: Gangneung, Andong, Yeongheung, Yeongbyeon, and Changwon.&lt;/ref&gt; [Official Signature]&lt;ref&gt; The signature ''gwan'' 官 was engraved in wood first and then stamped on the document for the sake of convenience.&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> <br /> 庚午五月日　所志<br /> <br /> The application submitted on a certain day&lt;ref&gt; According to Sim Yeong-hwan (Senior Researcher at the Jangseogak Archives of The Academy of Korean Studies), it was usual that the exact date was not filled in because the drafter did not know when the application would be delivered to the authorities. In addition, according to Mun Sukja (Researcher at the SNU Law Research Institute), the documents of the late Joseon period tended to omit the exact date unlike those of the early- or mid-Joseon period. Mun Sukja, “Reading the Documents of Property Distribution” (lecture, The Academy of Korean Studies, Seongnam, Gyeonggi province, August 22, 2018).&lt;/ref&gt; of the fifth month of the ''gyeong-o'' year [1750]. <br /> <br /> <br /> [題辭]　後考次立旨成給<br /> <br /> [Official Decision] A certificate is issued in order to be used as evidence later.<br /> <br /> <br /> 十七日 [官印]<br /> <br /> On the seventeenth day [Government Seal]<br /> <br /> <br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> =='''Discussion Questions'''==<br /> # On what grounds did the slaves dispose of their master's property?<br /> # How much did the slaves understand the document written in Chinese characters?<br /> <br /> =='''Further Readings'''==<br /> &lt;!--<br /> &lt;div style=&quot;color:#008080;&quot;&gt;<br /> * View together with '''~~'''.<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> --&gt;<br /> *<br /> *<br /> <br /> <br /> =='''References'''==<br /> &lt;references/&gt;<br /> <br /> =='''Translation'''==<br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> *Discussion Questions:<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:2018 Hanmun Summer Workshop]]<br /> [[Category:Advanced Translation Group]]</div>

Sanghoon Na http://dh.aks.ac.kr/jsg/index.php?title=(Translation)_%E5%BA%9A%E5%8D%88%E5%B9%B4_%E7%A7%81%E5%A5%B4_%E4%B8%81%E5%B1%B1_%E6%B1%9F%E9%99%B5%E5%A4%A7%E9%83%BD%E8%AD%B7%E5%BA%9C_%E7%AB%8B%E6%97%A8&diff=16037 2018-11-21T11:50:31Z

<p>Sanghoon Na: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Primary Source Document3<br /> |Image = 경오년사노정산입지.jpg<br /> |English = Notarized Application for Land Register by Private Slave Jeongsan in the ''gyeong-o'' year [1750]<br /> |Chinese = 庚午年 私奴 丁山 江陵大都護府 立旨<br /> |Korean = 경오년 사노 정산 강릉대도호부 입지(''Gyeongonyeon Sano Jeongsan Gangneung-daedohobu Ipji'')<br /> |Genre = [[Historical Manuscripts]]<br /> |Type = Record<br /> |Author = 私奴 丁山 <br /> |Year = 1750<br /> |Key Concepts= petition, notarized application, slave, letter of authorization, evidence<br /> |Translator = [[2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced)#Participants | Participants of 2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced Translation Group)]]<br /> |Editor = Jaeyoon Song, Sanghoon Na<br /> |Translation Year = 2018<br /> <br /> }}<br /> [[File:Backward.png|right|40px|link=2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced)#Primary Sources for Korean Studies]]<br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Introduction'''==<br /> <br /> =='''Original Script'''==<br /> <br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;width:80%; font-size:110%; color:#002080; background-color:#ffffff;&quot;<br /> !style=&quot;width:40%;&quot;|Classical Chinese || style=&quot;width:60%;&quot;| English <br /> |-<br /> |<br /> 加南居私奴丁山[手寸]<br /> <br /> 右以陳所志矣段矣 上典利川居宋生員田畓庫乙買得爲居乎矣<br /> <br /> 奴子守鳳基矣上典宅牌子導良成明文許給爲乎矣他官遠地之<br /> <br /> 事乙此時人心或有雜談是白可如是明文牌子幷以粘連仰訴爲白去乎<br /> <br /> 後考次立旨及踏印成給事乙千萬祝手爲乎爲<br /> <br /> 行下　向敎　是事<br /> <br /> 大　都護府　處分[官押]<br /> <br /> 庚午五月日　所志<br /> <br /> [題辭]　後考次立旨成給<br /> <br /> 十七日[官印]<br /> <br /> <br /> ||<br /> <br /> III-1. 庚午年私奴丁山江陵大都護府立旨<br /> <br /> Notarized Application for Land Register &lt;ref&gt; Once the application (''soji'' 所志) was notarized by a government office, it was called ''ipji'' 立旨. See Choe Seunghui, ''Hanguk gomunseo yeongu'' (Seoul: Jisik saneopsa, 1989), 275.&lt;/ref&gt; of Gangneung Special City for Slave Jeongsan in the ''gyeong-o'' year [1750]<br /> <br /> 加南居私奴丁山 [手寸]<br /> <br /> Private Male Slave Jeongsan residing in Ganam [Signature of Finger Joint]<br /> <br /> <br /> 右以陳所志矣段矣 <br /> <br /> The purpose of this application is as follows: <br /> <br /> <br /> 上典利川居宋生員田畓庫乙買得爲居乎矣 奴子守鳳 其矣上典宅牌子導良 成明文許給爲乎矣 他官遠地之事乙 此時人心或有雜談是白可 如是明文牌子幷以粘連 仰訴爲白去乎 後考次立旨及踏印成給事乙 千萬祝手爲乎爲<br /> <br /> My master [Yi Naebeon] purchased farm fields and rice paddies from ''Saengwon''&lt;ref&gt; Saengwon 生員 was a scholar who passed the classics licentiate examination. The licentiate examinations were of two kinds; the classics licentiate examination (''saengwon-gwa'' 生員科) that examined candidates on the Four Books and Five Classics of China, and the literary licentiate examination (''jinsa-gwa'' 進士科) that tested skill in composing such Chinese literary forms as ''shi'' poetry (''shi'' 詩), rhyme-prose (''fu'' 賦), documentary prose (''biao'' 表), and the problem-essay (''chaek'' 策). See Ki-baik Lee, ''A New History of Korea,'' trans. Edward W. Wagner (Seoul: Ilchokak, 1984), 180. &lt;/ref&gt; Song residing in Icheon. Based upon the letter of authorization given to his slave Subong by his master [Mr. Song], the agreement document was made. Since the matter occurred in another distant region [Gangneung], the people nowadays might make an issue out of it. Thus, by attaching the bill of sale with the letter of authorization together to this application like this, I appeal to you to notarize the application by stamping it in order to be used as evidence later. I beg you earnestly rubbing my hands thousands of times. <br /> <br /> <br /> 行下向敎是事<br /> <br /> Please notarize this application.<br /> <br /> <br /> 大都護府 處分 [官押]<br /> <br /> Request for Approval of the Greater [Gangneung] Prefecture&lt;ref&gt; In the late Joseon period, there were five greater prefectures: Gangneung, Andong, Yeongheung, Yeongbyeon, and Changwon.&lt;/ref&gt; [Official Signature]&lt;ref&gt; The signature ''gwan'' 官 was engraved in wood first and then stamped on the document for the sake of convenience.&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> <br /> 庚午五月日　所志<br /> <br /> The application submitted on a certain day&lt;ref&gt; According to Sim Yeong-hwan (Senior Researcher at the Jangseogak Archives of The Academy of Korean Studies), it was usual that the exact date was not filled in because the drafter did not know when the petition would be delivered after it was completed. According to Mun Sukja (Researcher at the SNU Law Research Institute), the documents of the late Joseon period tended to omit the date unlike those of the early- or mid-Joseon period. Mun Sukja, “Reading the Documents of Property Distribution” (lecture, The Academy of Korean Studies, Seongnam, Gyeonggi province, August 22, 2018).&lt;/ref&gt; of the fifth month of the ''gyeong-o'' year [1750]. <br /> <br /> <br /> [題辭]　後考次立旨成給<br /> <br /> [Official Decision] A certificate is issued in order to be used as evidence later.<br /> <br /> <br /> 十七日 [官印]<br /> <br /> On the seventeenth day [Government Seal]<br /> <br /> <br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> =='''Discussion Questions'''==<br /> # On what grounds did the slaves dispose of their master's property?<br /> # How much did the slaves understand the document written in Chinese characters?<br /> <br /> =='''Further Readings'''==<br /> &lt;!--<br /> &lt;div style=&quot;color:#008080;&quot;&gt;<br /> * View together with '''~~'''.<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> --&gt;<br /> *<br /> *<br /> <br /> <br /> =='''References'''==<br /> &lt;references/&gt;<br /> <br /> =='''Translation'''==<br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> *Discussion Questions:<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:2018 Hanmun Summer Workshop]]<br /> [[Category:Advanced Translation Group]]</div>

Sanghoon Na http://dh.aks.ac.kr/jsg/index.php?title=(Translation)_%E5%BA%9A%E5%8D%88%E5%B9%B4_%E7%A7%81%E5%A5%B4_%E4%B8%81%E5%B1%B1_%E6%B1%9F%E9%99%B5%E5%A4%A7%E9%83%BD%E8%AD%B7%E5%BA%9C_%E7%AB%8B%E6%97%A8&diff=16036 2018-11-21T11:50:04Z

<p>Sanghoon Na: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Primary Source Document3<br /> |Image = 경오년사노정산입지.jpg<br /> |English = Notarized Application for Land Register by Private Slave Jeongsan in the ''gyeong-o'' year [1750]<br /> |Chinese = 庚午年 私奴 丁山 江陵大都護府 立旨<br /> |Korean = 경오년 사노 정산 강릉대도호부 소지와 입지(''Gyeongonyeon Sano Jeongsan Gangneung-daedohobu Ipji'')<br /> |Genre = [[Historical Manuscripts]]<br /> |Type = Record<br /> |Author = 私奴 丁山 <br /> |Year = 1750<br /> |Key Concepts= petition, notarized application, slave, letter of authorization, evidence<br /> |Translator = [[2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced)#Participants | Participants of 2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced Translation Group)]]<br /> |Editor = Jaeyoon Song, Sanghoon Na<br /> |Translation Year = 2018<br /> <br /> }}<br /> [[File:Backward.png|right|40px|link=2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced)#Primary Sources for Korean Studies]]<br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Introduction'''==<br /> <br /> =='''Original Script'''==<br /> <br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;width:80%; font-size:110%; color:#002080; background-color:#ffffff;&quot;<br /> !style=&quot;width:40%;&quot;|Classical Chinese || style=&quot;width:60%;&quot;| English <br /> |-<br /> |<br /> 加南居私奴丁山[手寸]<br /> <br /> 右以陳所志矣段矣 上典利川居宋生員田畓庫乙買得爲居乎矣<br /> <br /> 奴子守鳳基矣上典宅牌子導良成明文許給爲乎矣他官遠地之<br /> <br /> 事乙此時人心或有雜談是白可如是明文牌子幷以粘連仰訴爲白去乎<br /> <br /> 後考次立旨及踏印成給事乙千萬祝手爲乎爲<br /> <br /> 行下　向敎　是事<br /> <br /> 大　都護府　處分[官押]<br /> <br /> 庚午五月日　所志<br /> <br /> [題辭]　後考次立旨成給<br /> <br /> 十七日[官印]<br /> <br /> <br /> ||<br /> <br /> III-1. 庚午年私奴丁山江陵大都護府立旨<br /> <br /> Notarized Application for Land Register &lt;ref&gt; Once the application (''soji'' 所志) was notarized by a government office, it was called ''ipji'' 立旨. See Choe Seunghui, ''Hanguk gomunseo yeongu'' (Seoul: Jisik saneopsa, 1989), 275.&lt;/ref&gt; of Gangneung Special City for Slave Jeongsan in the ''gyeong-o'' year [1750]<br /> <br /> 加南居私奴丁山 [手寸]<br /> <br /> Private Male Slave Jeongsan residing in Ganam [Signature of Finger Joint]<br /> <br /> <br /> 右以陳所志矣段矣 <br /> <br /> The purpose of this application is as follows: <br /> <br /> <br /> 上典利川居宋生員田畓庫乙買得爲居乎矣 奴子守鳳 其矣上典宅牌子導良 成明文許給爲乎矣 他官遠地之事乙 此時人心或有雜談是白可 如是明文牌子幷以粘連 仰訴爲白去乎 後考次立旨及踏印成給事乙 千萬祝手爲乎爲<br /> <br /> My master [Yi Naebeon] purchased farm fields and rice paddies from ''Saengwon''&lt;ref&gt; Saengwon 生員 was a scholar who passed the classics licentiate examination. The licentiate examinations were of two kinds; the classics licentiate examination (''saengwon-gwa'' 生員科) that examined candidates on the Four Books and Five Classics of China, and the literary licentiate examination (''jinsa-gwa'' 進士科) that tested skill in composing such Chinese literary forms as ''shi'' poetry (''shi'' 詩), rhyme-prose (''fu'' 賦), documentary prose (''biao'' 表), and the problem-essay (''chaek'' 策). See Ki-baik Lee, ''A New History of Korea,'' trans. Edward W. Wagner (Seoul: Ilchokak, 1984), 180. &lt;/ref&gt; Song residing in Icheon. Based upon the letter of authorization given to his slave Subong by his master [Mr. Song], the agreement document was made. Since the matter occurred in another distant region [Gangneung], the people nowadays might make an issue out of it. Thus, by attaching the bill of sale with the letter of authorization together to this application like this, I appeal to you to notarize the application by stamping it in order to be used as evidence later. I beg you earnestly rubbing my hands thousands of times. <br /> <br /> <br /> 行下向敎是事<br /> <br /> Please notarize this application.<br /> <br /> <br /> 大都護府 處分 [官押]<br /> <br /> Request for Approval of the Greater [Gangneung] Prefecture&lt;ref&gt; In the late Joseon period, there were five greater prefectures: Gangneung, Andong, Yeongheung, Yeongbyeon, and Changwon.&lt;/ref&gt; [Official Signature]&lt;ref&gt; The signature ''gwan'' 官 was engraved in wood first and then stamped on the document for the sake of convenience.&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> <br /> 庚午五月日　所志<br /> <br /> The application submitted on a certain day&lt;ref&gt; According to Sim Yeong-hwan (Senior Researcher at the Jangseogak Archives of The Academy of Korean Studies), it was usual that the exact date was not filled in because the drafter did not know when the petition would be delivered after it was completed. According to Mun Sukja (Researcher at the SNU Law Research Institute), the documents of the late Joseon period tended to omit the date unlike those of the early- or mid-Joseon period. Mun Sukja, “Reading the Documents of Property Distribution” (lecture, The Academy of Korean Studies, Seongnam, Gyeonggi province, August 22, 2018).&lt;/ref&gt; of the fifth month of the ''gyeong-o'' year [1750]. <br /> <br /> <br /> [題辭]　後考次立旨成給<br /> <br /> [Official Decision] A certificate is issued in order to be used as evidence later.<br /> <br /> <br /> 十七日 [官印]<br /> <br /> On the seventeenth day [Government Seal]<br /> <br /> <br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> =='''Discussion Questions'''==<br /> # On what grounds did the slaves dispose of their master's property?<br /> # How much did the slaves understand the document written in Chinese characters?<br /> <br /> =='''Further Readings'''==<br /> &lt;!--<br /> &lt;div style=&quot;color:#008080;&quot;&gt;<br /> * View together with '''~~'''.<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> --&gt;<br /> *<br /> *<br /> <br /> <br /> =='''References'''==<br /> &lt;references/&gt;<br /> <br /> =='''Translation'''==<br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> *Discussion Questions:<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:2018 Hanmun Summer Workshop]]<br /> [[Category:Advanced Translation Group]]</div>

Sanghoon Na http://dh.aks.ac.kr/jsg/index.php?title=(Translation)_%E5%BA%9A%E5%8D%88%E5%B9%B4_%E7%A7%81%E5%A5%B4_%E4%B8%81%E5%B1%B1_%E6%B1%9F%E9%99%B5%E5%A4%A7%E9%83%BD%E8%AD%B7%E5%BA%9C_%E7%AB%8B%E6%97%A8&diff=16035 2018-11-21T11:41:53Z

<p>Sanghoon Na: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Primary Source Document3<br /> |Image = 경오년사노정산입지.jpg<br /> |English = Notarized Application for Land Register by Private Slave Jeongsan in the ''gyeong-o'' year [1750]<br /> |Chinese = 庚午年 私奴 丁山 江陵大都護府 立旨<br /> |Korean = 경오년 사노 정산 강릉대도호부 소지와 입지(''Gyeongonyeon Sano Jeongsan Gangneung-daedohobu Ipji'')<br /> |Genre = [[Historical Manuscripts]]<br /> |Type = Record<br /> |Author = 私奴 丁山 <br /> |Year = 1750<br /> |Key Concepts= petition, notarized application, slave, letter of authorization, evidence<br /> |Translator = [[2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced)#Participants | Participants of 2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced Translation Group)]]<br /> |Editor = Jaeyoon Song, Sanghoon Na<br /> |Translation Year = 2018<br /> <br /> }}<br /> [[File:Backward.png|right|40px|link=2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced)#Primary Sources for Korean Studies]]<br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Introduction'''==<br /> <br /> =='''Original Script'''==<br /> <br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;width:80%; font-size:110%; color:#002080; background-color:#ffffff;&quot;<br /> !style=&quot;width:40%;&quot;|Classical Chinese || style=&quot;width:60%;&quot;| English <br /> |-<br /> |<br /> 加南居私奴丁山[手寸]<br /> <br /> 右以陳所志矣段矣 上典利川居宋生員田畓庫乙買得爲居乎矣<br /> <br /> 奴子守鳳基矣上典宅牌子導良成明文許給爲乎矣他官遠地之<br /> <br /> 事乙此時人心或有雜談是白可如是明文牌子幷以粘連仰訴爲白去乎<br /> <br /> 後考次立旨及踏印成給事乙千萬祝手爲乎爲<br /> <br /> 行下　向敎　是事<br /> <br /> 大　都護府　處分[官押]<br /> <br /> 庚午五月日　所志<br /> <br /> [題辭]　後考次立旨成給<br /> <br /> 十七日[官印]<br /> <br /> <br /> ||<br /> <br /> III-1. 庚午年私奴丁山江陵大都護府立旨<br /> <br /> Notarized Application for Land Register &lt;ref&gt; Once the application (''soji'' 所志) was notarized by a government office, it was called ''ipji'' 立旨. See Choe Seunghui, ''Hanguk gomunseo yeongu'' (Seoul: Jisik saneopsa, 1989), 275.&lt;/ref&gt; of Gangneung Special City for Slave Jeongsan in the ''gyeong-o'' year [1750]<br /> <br /> 加南居私奴丁山 [手寸]<br /> <br /> Private Male Slave Jeongsan residing in Ganam [Signature of Finger Joint]<br /> <br /> <br /> 右以陳所志矣段矣 <br /> <br /> The purpose of this petition is as follows: <br /> <br /> <br /> 上典利川居宋生員田畓庫乙買得爲居乎矣 奴子守鳳 其矣上典宅牌子導良 成明文許給爲乎矣 他官遠地之事乙 此時人心或有雜談是白可 如是明文牌子幷以粘連 仰訴爲白去乎 後考次立旨及踏印成給事乙 千萬祝手爲乎爲<br /> <br /> My master [Yi Naebeon] purchased farm fields and rice paddies from ''Saengwon''&lt;ref&gt; Saengwon 生員 was a scholar who passed the classics licentiate examination. The licentiate examinations were of two kinds; the classics licentiate examination (''saengwon-gwa'' 生員科) that examined candidates on the Four Books and Five Classics of China, and the literary licentiate examination (''jinsa-gwa'' 進士科) that tested skill in composing such Chinese literary forms as ''shi'' poetry (''shi'' 詩), rhyme-prose (''fu'' 賦), documentary prose (''biao'' 表), and the problem-essay (''chaek'' 策). See Ki-baik Lee, ''A New History of Korea,'' trans. Edward W. Wagner (Seoul: Ilchokak, 1984), 180. &lt;/ref&gt; Song residing in Icheon. Based upon the letter of authorization given to his slave Subong by his master [Mr. Song], the agreement document was made. Since the matter occurred in another distant region [Gangneung], the people nowadays might make an issue out of it. Thus, by attaching the bill of sale with the letter of authorization together with this petition like this, I appeal to you to issue a sealed certificate in order to be used as evidence later. I beg you earnestly rubbing my hands thousands of times. <br /> <br /> <br /> 行下向敎是事<br /> <br /> Please notarize this application.<br /> <br /> <br /> 大都護府 處分 [官押]<br /> <br /> Request for Approval of the Greater [Gangneung] Prefecture&lt;ref&gt; In the late Joseon period, there were five greater prefectures: Gangneung, Andong, Yeongheung, Yeongbyeon, and Changwon.&lt;/ref&gt; [Official Signature]&lt;ref&gt; The signature ''gwan'' 官 was engraved in wood first and then stamped on the document for the sake of convenience.&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> <br /> 庚午五月日　所志<br /> <br /> The application submitted on a certain day&lt;ref&gt; According to Sim Yeong-hwan (Senior Researcher at the Jangseogak Archives of The Academy of Korean Studies), it was usual that the exact date was not filled in because the drafter did not know when the petition would be delivered after it was completed. According to Mun Sukja (Researcher at the SNU Law Research Institute), the documents of the late Joseon period tended to omit the date unlike those of the early- or mid-Joseon period. Mun Sukja, “Reading the Documents of Property Distribution” (lecture, The Academy of Korean Studies, Seongnam, Gyeonggi province, August 22, 2018).&lt;/ref&gt; of the fifth month of the ''gyeong-o'' year [1750]. <br /> <br /> <br /> [題辭]　後考次立旨成給<br /> <br /> [Official Decision] A certificate is issued in order to be used as evidence later.<br /> <br /> <br /> 十七日 [官印]<br /> <br /> On the seventeenth day [Government Seal]<br /> <br /> <br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> =='''Discussion Questions'''==<br /> # On what grounds did the slaves dispose of their master's property?<br /> # How much did the slaves understand the document written in Chinese characters?<br /> <br /> =='''Further Readings'''==<br /> &lt;!--<br /> &lt;div style=&quot;color:#008080;&quot;&gt;<br /> * View together with '''~~'''.<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> --&gt;<br /> *<br /> *<br /> <br /> <br /> =='''References'''==<br /> &lt;references/&gt;<br /> <br /> =='''Translation'''==<br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> *Discussion Questions:<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:2018 Hanmun Summer Workshop]]<br /> [[Category:Advanced Translation Group]]</div>

Sanghoon Na http://dh.aks.ac.kr/jsg/index.php?title=(Translation)_%E5%BA%9A%E5%8D%88%E5%B9%B4_%E7%A7%81%E5%A5%B4_%E4%B8%81%E5%B1%B1_%E6%B1%9F%E9%99%B5%E5%A4%A7%E9%83%BD%E8%AD%B7%E5%BA%9C_%E7%AB%8B%E6%97%A8&diff=16034 2018-11-21T11:40:07Z

<p>Sanghoon Na: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Primary Source Document3<br /> |Image = 경오년사노정산입지.jpg<br /> |English = Notarized Application for Land Register by Private Slave Jeongsan in the ''gyeong-o'' year [1750]<br /> |Chinese = 庚午年 私奴 丁山 江陵大都護府 立旨<br /> |Korean = 경오년 사노 정산 강릉대도호부 소지와 입지(''Gyeongonyeon Sano Jeongsan Gangneung-daedohobu Ipji'')<br /> |Genre = [[Historical Manuscripts]]<br /> |Type = Record<br /> |Author = 私奴 丁山 <br /> |Year = 1750<br /> |Key Concepts= petition, notarized application, slave, letter of authorization, evidence<br /> |Translator = [[2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced)#Participants | Participants of 2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced Translation Group)]]<br /> |Editor = Jaeyoon Song, Sanghoon Na<br /> |Translation Year = 2018<br /> <br /> }}<br /> [[File:Backward.png|right|40px|link=2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced)#Primary Sources for Korean Studies]]<br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Introduction'''==<br /> <br /> =='''Original Script'''==<br /> <br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;width:80%; font-size:110%; color:#002080; background-color:#ffffff;&quot;<br /> !style=&quot;width:40%;&quot;|Classical Chinese || style=&quot;width:60%;&quot;| English <br /> |-<br /> |<br /> 加南居私奴丁山[手寸]<br /> <br /> 右以陳所志矣段矣 上典利川居宋生員田畓庫乙買得爲居乎矣<br /> <br /> 奴子守鳳基矣上典宅牌子導良成明文許給爲乎矣他官遠地之<br /> <br /> 事乙此時人心或有雜談是白可如是明文牌子幷以粘連仰訴爲白去乎<br /> <br /> 後考次立旨及踏印成給事乙千萬祝手爲乎爲<br /> <br /> 行下　向敎　是事<br /> <br /> 大　都護府　處分[官押]<br /> <br /> 庚午五月日　所志<br /> <br /> [題辭]　後考次立旨成給<br /> <br /> 十七日[官印]<br /> <br /> <br /> ||<br /> <br /> III-1. 庚午年私奴丁山江陵大都護府立旨<br /> <br /> Notarized Application for Land Register &lt;ref&gt; Once the application (&quot;soji&quot; 所志) was notarized by a government office, it was called &quot;ipji&quot; 立旨. See Choe Seunghui, Hanguk gomunseo yeongu (Seoul: Jisik saneopsa, 1989), 275.&lt;/ref&gt; of Gangneung Special City for Slave Jeongsan in the &quot;gyeong-o&quot; year [1750]<br /> <br /> 加南居私奴丁山 [手寸]<br /> <br /> Private Male Slave Jeongsan residing in Ganam [Signature of Finger Joint]<br /> <br /> <br /> 右以陳所志矣段矣 <br /> <br /> The purpose of this petition is as follows: <br /> <br /> <br /> 上典利川居宋生員田畓庫乙買得爲居乎矣 奴子守鳳 其矣上典宅牌子導良 成明文許給爲乎矣 他官遠地之事乙 此時人心或有雜談是白可 如是明文牌子幷以粘連 仰訴爲白去乎 後考次立旨及踏印成給事乙 千萬祝手爲乎爲<br /> <br /> My master [Yi Naebeon] purchased farm fields and rice paddies from ''Saengwon''&lt;ref&gt; Saengwon 生員 was a scholar who passed the classics licentiate examination. The licentiate examinations were of two kinds; the classics licentiate examination (''saengwon-gwa'' 生員科) that examined candidates on the Four Books and Five Classics of China, and the literary licentiate examination (''jinsa-gwa'' 進士科) that tested skill in composing such Chinese literary forms as ''shi'' poetry (''shi'' 詩), rhyme-prose (''fu'' 賦), documentary prose (''biao'' 表), and the problem-essay (''chaek'' 策). See Ki-baik Lee, ''A New History of Korea,'' trans. Edward W. Wagner (Seoul: Ilchokak, 1984), 180. &lt;/ref&gt; Song residing in Icheon. Based upon the letter of authorization given to his slave Subong by his master [Mr. Song], the agreement document was made. Since the matter occurred in another distant region [Gangneung], the people nowadays might make an issue out of it. Thus, by attaching the bill of sale with the letter of authorization together with this petition like this, I appeal to you to issue a sealed certificate in order to be used as evidence later. I beg you earnestly rubbing my hands thousands of times. <br /> <br /> <br /> 行下向敎是事<br /> <br /> Please notarize this application.<br /> <br /> <br /> 大都護府 處分 [官押]<br /> <br /> Request for Approval of the Greater [Gangneung] Prefecture&lt;ref&gt; In the late Joseon period, there were five greater prefectures: Gangneung, Andong, Yeongheung, Yeongbyeon, and Changwon.&lt;/ref&gt; [Official Signature]&lt;ref&gt; The signature ''gwan'' 官 was engraved in wood first and then stamped on the document for the sake of convenience.&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> <br /> 庚午五月日　所志<br /> <br /> The application submitted on a certain day&lt;ref&gt; According to Sim Yeong-hwan (Senior Researcher at the Jangseogak Archives of The Academy of Korean Studies), it was usual that the exact date was not filled in because the drafter did not know when the petition would be delivered after it was completed. According to Mun Sukja (Researcher at the SNU Law Research Institute), the documents of the late Joseon period tended to omit the date unlike those of the early- or mid-Joseon period. Mun Sukja, “Reading the Documents of Property Distribution” (lecture, The Academy of Korean Studies, Seongnam, Gyeonggi province, August 22, 2018).&lt;/ref&gt; of the fifth month of the ''gyeong-o'' year [1750]. <br /> <br /> <br /> [題辭]　後考次立旨成給<br /> <br /> [Official Decision] A certificate is issued in order to be used as evidence later.<br /> <br /> <br /> 十七日 [官印]<br /> <br /> On the seventeenth day [Government Seal]<br /> <br /> <br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> =='''Discussion Questions'''==<br /> # On what grounds did the slaves dispose of their master's property?<br /> # How much did the slaves understand the document written in Chinese characters?<br /> <br /> =='''Further Readings'''==<br /> &lt;!--<br /> &lt;div style=&quot;color:#008080;&quot;&gt;<br /> * View together with '''~~'''.<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> --&gt;<br /> *<br /> *<br /> <br /> <br /> =='''References'''==<br /> &lt;references/&gt;<br /> <br /> =='''Translation'''==<br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> *Discussion Questions:<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:2018 Hanmun Summer Workshop]]<br /> [[Category:Advanced Translation Group]]</div>

Sanghoon Na http://dh.aks.ac.kr/jsg/index.php?title=(Translation)_%E5%BA%9A%E5%8D%88%E5%B9%B4_%E7%A7%81%E5%A5%B4_%E4%B8%81%E5%B1%B1_%E6%B1%9F%E9%99%B5%E5%A4%A7%E9%83%BD%E8%AD%B7%E5%BA%9C_%E7%AB%8B%E6%97%A8&diff=16033 2018-11-21T11:24:47Z

<p>Sanghoon Na: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Primary Source Document3<br /> |Image = 경오년사노정산입지.jpg<br /> |English = Notarized Application for Land Register by Private Slave Jeongsan in the ''gyeong-o'' year [1750]<br /> |Chinese = 庚午年 私奴 丁山 江陵大都護府 立旨<br /> |Korean = 경오년 사노 정산 강릉대도호부 소지와 입지(''Gyeongonyeon Sano Jeongsan Gangneung-daedohobu Ipji'')<br /> |Genre = [[Historical Manuscripts]]<br /> |Type = Record<br /> |Author = 私奴 丁山 <br /> |Year = 1750<br /> |Key Concepts= petition, certificate, slave, letter of authorization, evidence<br /> |Translator = [[2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced)#Participants | Participants of 2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced Translation Group)]]<br /> |Editor = Jaeyoon Song, Sanghoon Na<br /> |Translation Year = 2018<br /> <br /> }}<br /> [[File:Backward.png|right|40px|link=2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced)#Primary Sources for Korean Studies]]<br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Introduction'''==<br /> <br /> =='''Original Script'''==<br /> <br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;width:80%; font-size:110%; color:#002080; background-color:#ffffff;&quot;<br /> !style=&quot;width:40%;&quot;|Classical Chinese || style=&quot;width:60%;&quot;| English <br /> |-<br /> |<br /> 加南居私奴丁山[手寸]<br /> <br /> 右以陳所志矣段矣 上典利川居宋生員田畓庫乙買得爲居乎矣<br /> <br /> 奴子守鳳基矣上典宅牌子導良成明文許給爲乎矣他官遠地之<br /> <br /> 事乙此時人心或有雜談是白可如是明文牌子幷以粘連仰訴爲白去乎<br /> <br /> 後考次立旨及踏印成給事乙千萬祝手爲乎爲<br /> <br /> 行下　向敎　是事<br /> <br /> 大　都護府　處分[官押]<br /> <br /> 庚午五月日　所志<br /> <br /> [題辭]　後考次立旨成給<br /> <br /> 十七日[官印]<br /> <br /> <br /> ||<br /> <br /> III-1. 庚午年私奴丁山江陵大都護府立旨<br /> <br /> Abridged Certificate&lt;ref&gt; An abridged certificate is called ''ipji'' 立旨, while an unabridged one is ''iban'' 立案. This abridged certificate here was originally served as a petition at first. Once the petition was ratified by a government office, it became a certificate. Therefore, the same document can be both a petition and a certificate.&lt;/ref&gt; of Gangneung Special City for Slave Jeongsan in the ''gyeong-o'' year [1750]<br /> <br /> <br /> 加南居私奴丁山 [手寸]<br /> <br /> Private Male Slave Jeongsan residing in Ganam [Signature of Finger Joint]<br /> <br /> <br /> 右以陳所志矣段矣 <br /> <br /> The purpose of this petition is as follows: <br /> <br /> <br /> 上典利川居宋生員田畓庫乙買得爲居乎矣 奴子守鳳 其矣上典宅牌子導良 成明文許給爲乎矣 他官遠地之事乙 此時人心或有雜談是白可 如是明文牌子幷以粘連 仰訴爲白去乎 後考次立旨及踏印成給事乙 千萬祝手爲乎爲<br /> <br /> My master [Yi Naebeon] purchased farm fields and rice paddies from ''Saengwon''&lt;ref&gt; Saengwon 生員 was a scholar who passed the classics licentiate examination. The licentiate examinations were of two kinds; the classics licentiate examination (''saengwon-gwa'' 生員科) that examined candidates on the Four Books and Five Classics of China, and the literary licentiate examination (''jinsa-gwa'' 進士科) that tested skill in composing such Chinese literary forms as ''shi'' poetry (''shi'' 詩), rhyme-prose (''fu'' 賦), documentary prose (''biao'' 表), and the problem-essay (''ce'' 策). See Ki-baik Lee, ''A New History of Korea,'' trans. Edward W. Wagner (Seoul: Ilchokak, 1984), 180. &lt;/ref&gt; Song residing in Icheon. Based upon the letter of authorization given to his slave Subong by his master [Mr. Song], the agreement document was made. Since the matter occurred in another distant region [Gangneung], the people nowadays might make an issue out of it. Thus, by attaching the bill of sale with the letter of authorization together with this petition like this, I appeal to you to issue a sealed certificate in order to be used as evidence later. I beg you earnestly rubbing my hands ten thousand times. <br /> <br /> <br /> 行下向敎是事<br /> <br /> Please grant this petition.<br /> <br /> <br /> 大都護府 處分 [官押]<br /> <br /> Request for Approval of the Greater [Gangneung] Prefecture &lt;ref&gt; In the late Joseon period, there were five greater refectures: Andong, Gangneung, Yeongheung, Yeongbyeon, and Changwon.&lt;/ref&gt; [Official Signature]&lt;ref&gt; The signature ''gwan'' 官 was engraved in wood first and then stamped on the document for the sake of convenience.&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> <br /> 庚午五月日　所志<br /> <br /> The petition submitted on a certain day&lt;ref&gt; According to Sim Yeong-hwan (Senior Researcher at the Jangseogak Archives of The Academy of Korean Studies), it was usual that the exact date was not filled in because the drafter did not know when the petition would be delivered after it was completed. According to Mun Sukja (Researcher at the SNU Law Research Institute), the documents of the late Joseon period tended to omit the date unlike those of the early- or mid-Joseon period. Mun Sukja, “Reading the Documents of Property Distribution” (lecture, The Academy of Korean Studies, Seongnam, Gyeonggi province, August 22, 2018).&lt;/ref&gt; of the fifth month of the ''gyeong-o'' year [1750]. <br /> <br /> <br /> [題辭]　後考次立旨成給<br /> <br /> [Official Decision] A certificate is issued in order to be used as evidence later.<br /> <br /> <br /> 十七日 [官印]<br /> <br /> On the seventeenth day [Government Seal]<br /> <br /> <br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> =='''Discussion Questions'''==<br /> # On what grounds did the slaves dispose of their master's property?<br /> # How much did the slaves understand the document written in Chinese characters?<br /> <br /> =='''Further Readings'''==<br /> &lt;!--<br /> &lt;div style=&quot;color:#008080;&quot;&gt;<br /> * View together with '''~~'''.<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> --&gt;<br /> *<br /> *<br /> <br /> <br /> =='''References'''==<br /> &lt;references/&gt;<br /> <br /> =='''Translation'''==<br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> *Discussion Questions:<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:2018 Hanmun Summer Workshop]]<br /> [[Category:Advanced Translation Group]]</div>

Sanghoon Na http://dh.aks.ac.kr/jsg/index.php?title=(Translation)_%E5%84%92%E8%83%A5%E5%BF%85%E7%9F%A5%E5%87%A1%E4%BE%8B&diff=15757 2018-09-30T06:03:25Z

<p>Sanghoon Na: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Primary Source Document3<br /> |Image = 유서필지범례1.jpg<br /> |English = General Introduction of the ''Essential Knowledge for Literati and Clerks''<br /> |Chinese = 儒胥必知凡例<br /> |Korean = 유서필지범례(Yuseo pilji beomnye)<br /> |Genre = Literati Writings<br /> |Type = Manual<br /> |Author = Anonymous<br /> |Year = ca. 1800<br /> |Key Concepts= clerks, ''idu'' (&quot;clerk readings&quot;), document forms <br /> |Translator = [[2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced)#Participants | Participants of 2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced Translation Group)]]<br /> |Editor = Sanghoon Na<br /> |Translation Year = 2018<br /> <br /> }}<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Introduction'''==<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Original Script'''==<br /> <br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; background-color:#ffffff;&quot;<br /> !style=&quot;width:25%;&quot;|Image || style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Text || style=&quot;width:45%;&quot;| Translation<br /> |-<br /> | [[File:유서필지범례1.jpg |border|유서필지범례1|400px]]<br /> ||<br /> <br /> 凡文字之體 各自不同 爲文章之學者尙文章之體 爲功令之學者 習功令之體 爲吏胥之學者 講吏胥之體 所謂文章之學者 序∙記∙跋∙雜著等體也 所謂功令之學者 詩∙賦∙表∙策∙疑∙義等體也 所謂吏胥之學者 非獨文簿而已 上言∙所志∙議送等體 皆是吏胥之不可不知者 又非獨吏胥之所可知也 凡爲吏治者 亦不可不知者 然此等文字 於儒胥最近 故名之曰儒胥必知 而其法例 一一列之於左<br /> <br /> ||<br /> (translation) <br /> <br /> General Guideline for the ''Essential Knowledge for Literati and Clerks''<br /> <br /> <br /> There are several different styles of writing. Authors place a particular value on the literary style. Examinees learn to practice the writing styles for state examinations. Clerical workers practice a clerk’s writing style. <br /> <br /> <br /> Literary writings refer to a preface, a journal, a postface, miscellaneous works, and so on. Exam writings refer to poetry, rhymeprose, a memorial, a problem essay, an explication, an interpretation, etc. Clerical writings refer to not only official documents and ledgers but also private requests, petitions, letters of appeal, and others. All of these writings are what clerks must know. Not merely do the clerks have to know but also governors ought to know them. However, these kinds of writings are mostly used by scholars and clerks, therefore this book is titled the ''Essential Knowledge for Literati and Clerks''. The exemplary format for each document is provided individually as follows: <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> |-<br /> | [[File:유서필지범례2.jpg |border|유서필지범례2|400px]]<br /> ||<br /> 一 上言擊錚等凡例 [如旌閭∙贈職∙加贈∙復爵∙立后∙山訟∙雪冤等事]<br /> <br /> <br /> 一 所志套<br /> <br /> <br /> 一 士夫親自呈訴曰單子 假令京士大夫或以山訟等事 呈訴於五部及刑∙漢城府 則始面云某部某洞居幼 學某單子 而起頭則 曰恐鑑伏以 結辭則曰無任祈懇之至 [事係至寃重大 則或云無任泣祝]<br /> <br /> <br /> 一 士夫家若以奴名呈狀 則始面云某部某洞居某宅奴某白活 而起頭則曰右謹陳所志矣段 矣上典 [一云矣宅]云云 結辭則曰伏乞參商敎是後云云 千萬望良爲白只爲<br /> <br /> <br /> 一 士夫呈訴於土主官及山在官 則始面云某地居民幼學某單子 起頭∙結辭 上同 [尊稱其官曰城主閤下]<br /> <br /> <br /> 一 凡民呈訴 則 [如山訟∙債訟∙人物招引∙毆打∙頉軍役等流] 始面云某地居閑良某白活 起頭則曰右謹陳所志矣段 [一云至寃情由事段] 結辭則曰伏乞參商敎是後云云 千萬望良爲白只爲 [自稱曰矣身 尊稱其官曰使道主∙案前主 隨其官職之品秩]<br /> <br /> <br /> 一 女人呈訴 則始面云 某地居某召史 [如金姓人則曰金召史 李姓人則曰李召史 各隨其姓]<br /> <br /> <br /> 白活 起頭與結辭上同 [自稱其身曰矣女]<br /> <br /> <br /> 一 議送者 呈于監營之謂也 無論士夫及凡民 起訟於本官 而本官不能公決 則落訟者可以議送於營門也 若或不由本官 直呈營門 則營門不許聽理<br /> <br /> <br /> 一 議送之套 與所志大同小異 而始面云 某地居某 [隨其人書之] 議送<br /> <br /> <br /> 一 雖有凡例 不見專篇 則猶有不能纖悉之慮 故先自上言∙原情 以至于所志∙議送 各立條目 詳著一篇 使蒙學之人有所參考焉<br /> <br /> <br /> 一 謄書之際 上於平行者及上於二字者 皆依其法 使人無昧禮之嘆<br /> <br /> <br /> 一 外邑守令及官司小吏封送單子 體格一一付之 使幼而學者 知其凡例<br /> <br /> <br /> 一 告目諸套<br /> <br /> <br /> 一 文券套<br /> <br /> <br /> 一 通文套<br /> <br /> <br /> 儒胥必知凡例終<br /> <br /> ||<br /> (translation) <br /> <br /> <br /> One: The general examples for written petitions (i.e. private requests) and oral petitions are the documents asking for things like a memorial gate, a posthumous title, an additional posthumous title, reinstatement, legal succession, burial site litigation, and a vindication. <br /> <br /> <br /> One: The followings are formats for writing a petition. <br /> <br /> <br /> One: A petition that a scholar submits himself is called ''danja'' 單子 (“a piece of note”). If a scholar in Seoul submits a petition to the Five Wards, the Board of Punishments, or the Seoul Magistracy because of the matters like burial site litigation, he should write the following phrase on the first page: “The ''danja'' of a certain scholar living in a certain town in a certain district.” For the opening line, state this: “I prostrate myself to ask you to take a look at this case.” For the closing line, write this: “I cannot help earnestly making a request with my utmost sincerity.” [If the matter is extremely grievous and grave, say this: “I cannot help but pray to you with tears.”]<br /> <br /> <br /> One: If a member of a scholar’s family submits a petition in the name of his slave, he should write the following phrase on the first page: “The ''balgwal'' 白活 (“plea”) of a certain slave living in a certain family in a certain town in a certain district.” For the opening line, write this: “I reverentially submit this petition as follows: My master [or my master’s family] ….” For the closing line, write this: “I prostrate myself to beg you to consider this, and then… I wish ten thousand times for this.” <br /> <br /> <br /> One: If a scholar submits a petition to the magistrate in his town or to the magistrate in another town where his ancestor’s grave is located, he should write the following phrase on the first page: “The ''danja'' of a certain scholar, a resident of a certain area.” The opening and closing lines are the same as above. [He should address his magistrate by the title ''seongju hapha'' 城主閤下 (“His Excellency the Lord of the Castle.”) <br /> <br /> <br /> One: If a commoner submits a petition because of matters like burial site litigation, debt litigation, human trafficking, assault and battery, or a military exemption, he should write the following phrase on the first page: “The ''balgwal'' of a certain commoner living in a certain area.” For the opening line, write this: “I reverentially submit the petition as follows.” [or I report the most grievous case as follows.] For the closing line, write this: “I prostrate myself to beg you to consider this case, and then… I wish ten thousand times for this.” [He should refer to himself as ''uisin'' 矣身 (“I, myself”) and address his magistrate by the title ''sadoju'' 使道主 (“commissioned lord of the province”) or ''anjeonju'' 案前主 (“lord sitting at the desk”) according to his rank.] <br /> <br /> <br /> One: If a woman submits a petition, she should write the following phrase on the first page: “The ''balgwal'' of a certain woman (joy 召史) living in a certain area.” [If her family name is Kim, she is Kim joy. If Yi, then Yi joy. Each follows her family name.] The opening and closing lines are the same as above. [She should refer to herself as ''ui-nyeo'' 矣女 (“I, a woman”).]<br /> <br /> <br /> One: An appeal letter (''uisong'' 議送) refers to a petition submitted to a provincial governor’s office. Regardless of a person’s status, whether he is a scholar or a commoner, if anyone attempts to petition his local magistrate but is not treated fairly by him, he can submit an appeal letter to a provincial governor’s office. [However,] if the letter goes directly to the governor’s office and not through the magistrate in charge of the area, it will not be allowed to be heard or proceed. <br /> <br /> <br /> One: The format for writing an appeal letter is similar to that of a petition, but one should write the following phrase on the first page: “The appeal letter of a certain person [his name and status are placed here] living in a certain area.”<br /> <br /> <br /> One: Although there is a general guideline, if one does not read the entire book, he will not be able to know the details, which is my concern. Therefore, I provide a detailed example of each document, ranging from a private request and a complaint to a petition and an appeal letter, for beginning readers so that they may consult it. <br /> <br /> <br /> One: When this book was edited, certain characters were designed to be arranged one or two lines above the others according to the rule in order to prevent readers from sighing at the author’s ignorance of the appropriate custom. <br /> <br /> <br /> One: As for notes containing a list of items sent by magistrates in rural areas or of his clerks and petty officials, an exemplary format for each case is appended to it so that beginning readers may know the general principle. <br /> <br /> <br /> One: The format for writing a letter to a superior (''gomok'' 告目) is introduced here. <br /> <br /> <br /> One: The format for writing a deed (''mungwon'' 文券) is introduced.<br /> <br /> <br /> One: The format for writing a circular letter (''tongmun'' 通文) is introduced.<br /> <br /> <br /> The general guideline for the ''Essential Knowledge for Literati and Clerks'' is hereby concluded. <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> *Discussion Questions:<br /> <br /> =='''Annotated Interlinear Translation'''==<br /> <br /> 儒胥必知 凡例<br /> <br /> General Guideline for the ''Essential Knowledge for Literati and Clerks''<br /> <br /> <br /> 凡文字之體 各自不同 爲文章之學者尙文章之體 爲功令之學者 習功令之體 爲吏胥之學者 講吏胥之體 <br /> <br /> There are several different styles of writing. Authors place a particular value on the literary style. Examinees learn to practice the writing styles for state examinations. Clerical workers practice a clerk’s writing style. <br /> <br /> <br /> 所謂文章之學者 序∙記∙跋∙雜著等體也 所謂功令之學者 詩∙賦∙表∙策∙疑∙義等體也 所謂吏胥之學者 非獨文簿而已 上言∙所志∙議送等體 皆是吏胥之不可不知者 又非獨吏胥之所可知也 凡爲吏治者 亦不可不知者 然此等文字 於儒胥最近 故名之曰儒胥必知 而其法例 一一列之於左 <br /> <br /> Literary writings refer to a preface, a journal, a postface, miscellaneous works, and so on. Exam writings refer to poetry, rhymeprose,&lt;ref&gt; Rhyme-prose (''fu'' 賦) was a major poetic form in Chinese literature, most popular between the 2nd century BCE and 6th century CE. It is a hybrid of prose and rhymed verse, more expansive than the condensed lyrics.&lt;/ref&gt; a memorial,&lt;ref&gt; A memorial (''biao'' 表) was a document presented by officials to the king or the emperor. It could be a statement of facts addressed to a government and often accompanied by a petition or remonstrance.&lt;/ref&gt; a problem essay,&lt;ref&gt; A problem essay (''chaek'' 策) was a type of the state examination, which included comments on political matters and applied interpretations of quotations from the Confucian Classics.&lt;/ref&gt; an explication,&lt;ref&gt; An explication (''ui'' 疑) refers to the clarification of doubtful points in the passages from the Confucian Classics.&lt;/ref&gt; This refers to the interpretation of passages from the Classics.&lt;/ref&gt; etc. Clerical writings refer to not only official documents and ledgers but also private requests, petitions, letters of appeal, and others. All of these writings are what clerks must know. Not merely do the clerks have to know but also governors ought to know them. However, these kinds of writings are mostly used by scholars and clerks, therefore this book is titled the Essential Knowledge for Literati and Clerks. The exemplary format for each document is provided individually as follows: <br /> <br /> <br /> 一 上言擊錚等凡例 [如旌閭∙贈職∙加贈∙復爵∙立后∙山訟∙雪冤等事] <br /> <br /> One: The general examples for written petitions (i.e. private requests) and oral petitions &lt;ref&gt; The Chinese characters for the oral petition are ''gyeokjaeng'' 擊錚, which literally means “striking a gong.” Through the ''gyeokjaeng'' system, commoners were allowed to strike a gong or drum in front of the palace or during the king’s public processions in order to appeal their grievances or petition to the king directly.&lt;/ref&gt; are the documents asking for things like a memorial gate,&lt;ref&gt; The memorial gate (''jeongnyeo'' 旌閭) was erected in honor of a person’s act of filial piety or chastity.&lt;/ref&gt; a posthumous title, an additional posthumous title, reinstatement, legal succession, burial site litigation, and a vindication. <br /> <br /> <br /> 一 所志套 <br /> <br /> One: The followings are formats for writing a petition. <br /> <br /> <br /> 一 士夫親自呈訴曰單子 假令京士大夫或以山訟等事 呈訴於五部及刑∙漢城府 則始面云某部某洞居幼 學某單子 而起頭則 曰恐鑑伏以 結辭則曰無任祈懇之至 [事係至寃重大 則或云無任泣祝] <br /> <br /> One: A petition that a scholar submits himself is called ''danja'' 單子 (“a piece of note”). If a scholar in Seoul submits a petition to the Five Wards, the Board of Punishments, or the Seoul Magistracy because of the matters like burial site litigation, he should write the following phrase on the first page: “The ''danja'' of a certain scholar living in a certain town in a certain district.” For the opening line, state this: “I prostrate myself to ask you to take a look at this case.” For the closing line, write this: “I cannot help earnestly making a request with my utmost sincerity.” [If the matter is extremely grievous and grave, say this: “I cannot help but pray to you with tears.”]<br /> <br /> <br /> 一 士夫家若以奴名呈狀 則始面云某部某洞居某宅奴某白活 而起頭則曰右謹陳所志矣段 矣上典 [一云矣宅]云云 結辭則曰伏乞參商敎是後云云 千萬望良爲白只爲 <br /> <br /> One: If a member of a scholar’s family submits a petition in the name of his slave, he should write the following phrase on the first page: “The ''balgwal'' 白活 (“plea”) of a certain slave living in a certain family in a certain town in a certain district.” For the opening line, write this: “I reverentially submit this petition as follows: My master [or my master’s family] ….” For the closing line, write this: “I prostrate myself to beg you to consider this, and then… I wish ten thousand times for this.” <br /> <br /> <br /> 一 士夫呈訴於土主官及山在官 則始面云某地居民幼學某單子 起頭∙結辭 上同 [尊稱其官曰城主閤下] <br /> <br /> One: If a scholar submits a petition to the magistrate in his town or to the magistrate in another town where his ancestor’s grave is located, he should write the following phrase on the first page: “The ''danja'' of a certain scholar, a resident of a certain area.” The opening and closing lines are the same as above. [He should address his magistrate by the title ''seongju hapha'' 城主閤下 (“His Excellency the Lord of the Castle.”) <br /> <br /> <br /> 一 凡民呈訴 則 [如山訟∙債訟∙人物招引∙毆打∙頉軍役等流] 始面云某地居閑良某白活 起頭則曰右謹陳所志矣段 [一云至寃情由事段] 結辭則曰伏乞參商敎是後云云 千萬望良爲白只爲 [自稱曰矣身 尊稱其官曰使道主∙案前主 隨其官職之品秩] <br /> <br /> One: If a commoner submits a petition because of matters like burial site litigation, debt litigation, human trafficking, assault and battery, or a military exemption, he should write the following phrase on the first page: “The ''balgwal'' of a certain commoner living in a certain area.” For the opening line, write this: “I reverentially submit the petition as follows.” [or I report the most grievous case as follows.] For the closing line, write this: “I prostrate myself to beg you to consider this case, and then… I wish ten thousand times for this.” [He should refer to himself as ''uisin'' 矣身 (“I, myself”) and address his magistrate by the title ''sadoju'' 使道主 (“commissioned lord of the province”) or ''anjeonju'' 案前主 (“lord sitting at the desk”) according to his rank.] <br /> <br /> <br /> 一 女人呈訴 則始面云 某地居某召史 [如金姓人則曰金召史 李姓人則曰李召史 各隨其姓] 白活 起頭與結辭上同 [自稱其身曰矣女] <br /> <br /> One: If a woman submits a petition, she should write the following phrase on the first page: “The ''balgwal'' of a certain woman (''joy'' 召史) living in a certain area.” [If her family name is Kim, she is Kim ''joy''. If Yi, then Yi ''joy''. Each follows her family name.] The opening and closing lines are the same as above. [She should refer to herself as ''ui-nyeo'' 矣女 (“I, a woman”).]<br /> <br /> <br /> 一 議送者 呈于監營之謂也 無論士夫及凡民 起訟於本官 而本官不能公決 則落訟者可以議送於營門也 若或不由本官 直呈營門 則營門不許聽理 <br /> <br /> One: An appeal letter (''uisong'' 議送) refers to a petition submitted to a provincial governor’s office. Regardless of a person’s status, whether he is a scholar or a commoner, if anyone attempts to petition his local magistrate but is not treated fairly by him, he can submit an appeal letter to a provincial governor’s office. [However,] if the letter goes directly to the governor’s office and not through the magistrate in charge of the area, it will not be allowed to be heard or proceed. <br /> <br /> <br /> 一 議送之套 與所志大同小異 而始面云 某地居某 [隨其人書之] 議送 <br /> <br /> One: The format for writing an appeal letter is similar to that of a petition, but one should write the following phrase on the first page: “The appeal letter of a certain person [his name and status are placed here] living in a certain area.”<br /> <br /> <br /> 一 雖有凡例 不見專(全)篇 則猶有不能纖悉之慮 故先自上言∙原情 以至于所志∙議送 各立條目 詳著一篇 使蒙學之人有所參考焉 <br /> <br /> One: Although there is a general guideline, if one does not read the entire book, he will not be able to know the details, which is my concern. Therefore, I provide a detailed example of each document, ranging from a private request and a complaint to a petition and an appeal letter, for beginning readers so that they may consult it. <br /> <br /> <br /> 一 謄書之際 上於平行者及上於二字者 皆依其法 使人無昧禮之嘆 <br /> <br /> One: When this book was edited, certain characters were designed to be arranged one or two lines above the others according to the rule&lt;ref&gt; This rule is called ''daedubeop'' 擡頭法 (“rule of raising a head”), which was applied to characters indicating a king (''sang'' 上) or a magistrate (''gwan'' 官).&lt;/ref&gt; in order to prevent readers from sighing at the author’s ignorance of the appropriate custom. <br /> <br /> <br /> 一 外邑守令及官司小吏封送單子 體格一一付之 使幼而學者 知其凡例 <br /> <br /> One: As for notes containing a list of items sent by magistrates in rural areas or of his clerks and petty officials, an exemplary format for each case is appended to it so that beginning readers may know the general principle. <br /> <br /> <br /> 一 告目諸套 <br /> <br /> One: The format for writing a letter to a superior (''gomok'' 告目) is introduced here. <br /> <br /> <br /> 一 文券套 <br /> <br /> One: The format for writing a deed (''mun'gwon'' 文券) is introduced.<br /> <br /> <br /> 一 通文套 <br /> <br /> One: The format for writing a circular letter (''tongmun'' 通文) is introduced.<br /> <br /> <br /> 儒胥必知凡例終 <br /> <br /> The general guideline for the ''Essential Knowledge for Literati and Clerks'' is hereby concluded.<br /> <br /> =='''Further Readings'''==<br /> &lt;!--&lt;div style=&quot;color:#008080;&quot;&gt;<br /> * View together with '''[http://kadhlab103.com/wiki/index.php/어제경민음 (Korean text) King Yeongjo’s Admonition for the People” (Eoje gyeongmineum 御製警民音, 1762)]'''<br /> &lt;/div&gt;--&gt;<br /> <br /> * 전경목 외, 유서필지, 사계절, 2006. <br /> <br /> * 전경목, 19세기 『儒胥必知』 編刊의 특징과 의의, 장서각15, 2006. <br /> <br /> * 김봉좌,『유서필지』 판본 연구, 서지학보29, 2005.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Footnotes'''==</div>

Sanghoon Na http://dh.aks.ac.kr/jsg/index.php?title=(Translation)_%E5%84%92%E8%83%A5%E5%BF%85%E7%9F%A5%E5%87%A1%E4%BE%8B&diff=15756 2018-09-30T06:02:24Z

<p>Sanghoon Na: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Primary Source Document3<br /> |Image = 유서필지범례1.jpg<br /> |English = General Introduction of the ''Essential Knowledge for Literati and Clerks''<br /> |Chinese = 儒胥必知凡例<br /> |Korean = 유서필지범례(Yuseo pilji beomnye)<br /> |Genre = Literati Writings<br /> |Type = Manual<br /> |Author = Anonymous<br /> |Year = ca. 1800<br /> |Key Concepts= clerks, ''idu'' (&quot;clerk readings&quot;), document forms <br /> |Translator = [[2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced)#Participants | Participants of 2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced Translation Group)]]<br /> |Editor = Sanghoon Na<br /> |Translation Year = 2018<br /> <br /> }}<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Introduction'''==<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Original Script'''==<br /> <br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; background-color:#ffffff;&quot;<br /> !style=&quot;width:25%;&quot;|Image || style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Text || style=&quot;width:45%;&quot;| Translation<br /> |-<br /> | [[File:유서필지범례1.jpg |border|유서필지범례1|400px]]<br /> ||<br /> <br /> 凡文字之體 各自不同 爲文章之學者尙文章之體 爲功令之學者 習功令之體 爲吏胥之學者 講吏胥之體 所謂文章之學者 序∙記∙跋∙雜著等體也 所謂功令之學者 詩∙賦∙表∙策∙疑∙義等體也 所謂吏胥之學者 非獨文簿而已 上言∙所志∙議送等體 皆是吏胥之不可不知者 又非獨吏胥之所可知也 凡爲吏治者 亦不可不知者 然此等文字 於儒胥最近 故名之曰儒胥必知 而其法例 一一列之於左<br /> <br /> ||<br /> (translation) <br /> <br /> General Guideline for the ''Essential Knowledge for Literati and Clerks''<br /> <br /> <br /> There are several different styles of writing. Authors place a particular value on the literary style. Examinees learn to practice the writing styles for state examinations. Clerical workers practice a clerk’s writing style. <br /> <br /> <br /> Literary writings refer to a preface, a journal, a postface, miscellaneous works, and so on. Exam writings refer to poetry, rhymeprose, a memorial, a problem essay, an explication, an interpretation, etc. Clerical writings refer to not only official documents and ledgers but also private requests, petitions, letters of appeal, and others. All of these writings are what clerks must know. Not merely do the clerks have to know but also governors ought to know them. However, these kinds of writings are mostly used by scholars and clerks, therefore this book is titled the ''Essential Knowledge for Literati and Clerks''. The exemplary format for each document is provided individually as follows: <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> |-<br /> | [[File:유서필지범례2.jpg |border|유서필지범례2|400px]]<br /> ||<br /> 一 上言擊錚等凡例 [如旌閭∙贈職∙加贈∙復爵∙立后∙山訟∙雪冤等事]<br /> <br /> <br /> 一 所志套<br /> <br /> <br /> 一 士夫親自呈訴曰單子 假令京士大夫或以山訟等事 呈訴於五部及刑∙漢城府 則始面云某部某洞居幼 學某單子 而起頭則 曰恐鑑伏以 結辭則曰無任祈懇之至 [事係至寃重大 則或云無任泣祝]<br /> <br /> <br /> 一 士夫家若以奴名呈狀 則始面云某部某洞居某宅奴某白活 而起頭則曰右謹陳所志矣段 矣上典 [一云矣宅]云云 結辭則曰伏乞參商敎是後云云 千萬望良爲白只爲<br /> <br /> <br /> 一 士夫呈訴於土主官及山在官 則始面云某地居民幼學某單子 起頭∙結辭 上同 [尊稱其官曰城主閤下]<br /> <br /> <br /> 一 凡民呈訴 則 [如山訟∙債訟∙人物招引∙毆打∙頉軍役等流] 始面云某地居閑良某白活 起頭則曰右謹陳所志矣段 [一云至寃情由事段] 結辭則曰伏乞參商敎是後云云 千萬望良爲白只爲 [自稱曰矣身 尊稱其官曰使道主∙案前主 隨其官職之品秩]<br /> <br /> <br /> 一 女人呈訴 則始面云 某地居某召史 [如金姓人則曰金召史 李姓人則曰李召史 各隨其姓]<br /> <br /> <br /> 白活 起頭與結辭上同 [自稱其身曰矣女]<br /> <br /> <br /> 一 議送者 呈于監營之謂也 無論士夫及凡民 起訟於本官 而本官不能公決 則落訟者可以議送於營門也 若或不由本官 直呈營門 則營門不許聽理<br /> <br /> <br /> 一 議送之套 與所志大同小異 而始面云 某地居某 [隨其人書之] 議送<br /> <br /> <br /> 一 雖有凡例 不見專篇 則猶有不能纖悉之慮 故先自上言∙原情 以至于所志∙議送 各立條目 詳著一篇 使蒙學之人有所參考焉<br /> <br /> <br /> 一 謄書之際 上於平行者及上於二字者 皆依其法 使人無昧禮之嘆<br /> <br /> <br /> 一 外邑守令及官司小吏封送單子 體格一一付之 使幼而學者 知其凡例<br /> <br /> <br /> 一 告目諸套<br /> <br /> <br /> 一 文券套<br /> <br /> <br /> 一 通文套<br /> <br /> <br /> 儒胥必知凡例終<br /> <br /> ||<br /> (translation) <br /> <br /> <br /> One: The general examples for written petitions (i.e. private requests) and oral petitions are the documents asking for things like a memorial gate, a posthumous title, an additional posthumous title, reinstatement, legal succession, burial site litigation, and a vindication. <br /> <br /> <br /> One: The followings are formats for writing a petition. <br /> <br /> <br /> One: A petition that a scholar submits himself is called ''danja'' 單子 (“a piece of note”). If a scholar in Seoul submits a petition to the Five Wards, the Board of Punishments, or the Seoul Magistracy because of the matters like burial site litigation, he should write the following phrase on the first page: “The ''danja'' of a certain scholar living in a certain town in a certain district.” For the opening line, state this: “I prostrate myself to ask you to take a look at this case.” For the closing line, write this: “I cannot help earnestly making a request with my utmost sincerity.” [If the matter is extremely grievous and grave, say this: “I cannot help but pray to you with tears.”]<br /> <br /> <br /> One: If a member of a scholar’s family submits a petition in the name of his slave, he should write the following phrase on the first page: “The ''balgwal'' 白活 (“plea”) of a certain slave living in a certain family in a certain town in a certain district.” For the opening line, write this: “I reverentially submit this petition as follows: My master [or my master’s family] ….” For the closing line, write this: “I prostrate myself to beg you to consider this, and then… I wish ten thousand times for this.” <br /> <br /> <br /> One: If a scholar submits a petition to the magistrate in his town or to the magistrate in another town where his ancestor’s grave is located, he should write the following phrase on the first page: “The ''danja'' of a certain scholar, a resident of a certain area.” The opening and closing lines are the same as above. [He should address his magistrate by the title ''seongju hapha'' 城主閤下 (“His Excellency the Lord of the Castle.”) <br /> <br /> <br /> One: If a commoner submits a petition because of matters like burial site litigation, debt litigation, human trafficking, assault and battery, or a military exemption, he should write the following phrase on the first page: “The ''balgwal'' of a certain commoner living in a certain area.” For the opening line, write this: “I reverentially submit the petition as follows.” [or I report the most grievous case as follows.] For the closing line, write this: “I prostrate myself to beg you to consider this case, and then… I wish ten thousand times for this.” [He should refer to himself as ''uisin'' 矣身 (“I, myself”) and address his magistrate by the title ''sadoju'' 使道主 (“commissioned lord of the province”) or ''anjeonju'' 案前主 (“lord sitting at the desk”) according to his rank.] <br /> <br /> <br /> One: If a woman submits a petition, she should write the following phrase on the first page: “The ''balgwal'' of a certain woman (joy 召史) living in a certain area.” [If her family name is Kim, she is Kim joy. If Yi, then Yi joy. Each follows her family name.] The opening and closing lines are the same as above. [She should refer to herself as ''ui-nyeo'' 矣女 (“I, a woman”).]<br /> <br /> <br /> One: An appeal letter (''uisong'' 議送) refers to a petition submitted to a provincial governor’s office. Regardless of a person’s status, whether he is a scholar or a commoner, if anyone attempts to petition his local magistrate but is not treated fairly by him, he can submit an appeal letter to a provincial governor’s office. [However,] if the letter goes directly to the governor’s office and not through the magistrate in charge of the area, it will not be allowed to be heard or proceed. <br /> <br /> <br /> One: The format for writing an appeal letter is similar to that of a petition, but one should write the following phrase on the first page: “The appeal letter of a certain person [his name and status are placed here] living in a certain area.”<br /> <br /> <br /> One: Although there is a general guideline, if one does not read the entire book, he will not be able to know the details, which is my concern. Therefore, I provide a detailed example of each document, ranging from a private request and a complaint to a petition and an appeal letter, for beginning readers so that they may consult it. <br /> <br /> <br /> One: When this book was edited, certain characters were designed to be arranged one or two lines above the others according to the rule in order to prevent readers from sighing at the author’s ignorance of the appropriate custom. <br /> <br /> <br /> One: As for notes containing a list of items sent by magistrates in rural areas or of his clerks and petty officials, an exemplary format for each case is appended to it so that beginning readers may know the general principle. <br /> <br /> <br /> One: The format for writing a letter to a superior (''gomok'' 告目) is introduced here. <br /> <br /> <br /> One: The format for writing a deed (''mungwon'' 文券) is introduced.<br /> <br /> <br /> One: The format for writing a circular letter (''tongmun'' 通文) is introduced.<br /> <br /> <br /> The general guideline for the ''Essential Knowledge for Literati and Clerks'' is hereby concluded. <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> *Discussion Questions:<br /> <br /> =='''Annotated Interlinear Translation'''==<br /> <br /> 儒胥必知 凡例<br /> <br /> General Guideline for the ''Essential Knowledge for Literati and Clerks''<br /> <br /> <br /> 凡文字之體 各自不同 爲文章之學者尙文章之體 爲功令之學者 習功令之體 爲吏胥之學者 講吏胥之體 <br /> <br /> There are several different styles of writing. Those who are learning refined writing skills place a particular value on the literary style. Those who are preparing for the state examination learn to practice the writing styles for exams. Those who are learning clerical work practice a clerk’s writing style. <br /> <br /> <br /> 所謂文章之學者 序∙記∙跋∙雜著等體也 所謂功令之學者 詩∙賦∙表∙策∙疑∙義等體也 所謂吏胥之學者 非獨文簿而已 上言∙所志∙議送等體 皆是吏胥之不可不知者 又非獨吏胥之所可知也 凡爲吏治者 亦不可不知者 然此等文字 於儒胥最近 故名之曰儒胥必知 而其法例 一一列之於左 <br /> <br /> Literary writings refer to a preface, a journal, a postface, miscellaneous works, and so on. Exam writings refer to poetry, rhymeprose,&lt;ref&gt; Rhyme-prose (''fu'' 賦) was a major poetic form in Chinese literature, most popular between the 2nd century BCE and 6th century CE. It is a hybrid of prose and rhymed verse, more expansive than the condensed lyrics.&lt;/ref&gt; a memorial,&lt;ref&gt; A memorial (''biao'' 表) was a document presented by officials to the king or the emperor. It could be a statement of facts addressed to a government and often accompanied by a petition or remonstrance.&lt;/ref&gt; a problem essay,&lt;ref&gt; A problem essay (''chaek'' 策) was a type of the state examination, which included comments on political matters and applied interpretations of quotations from the Confucian Classics.&lt;/ref&gt; an explication,&lt;ref&gt; An explication (''ui'' 疑) refers to the clarification of doubtful points in the passages from the Confucian Classics.&lt;/ref&gt; This refers to the interpretation of passages from the Classics.&lt;/ref&gt; etc. Clerical writings refer to not only official documents and ledgers but also private requests, petitions, letters of appeal, and others. All of these writings are what clerks must know. Not merely do the clerks have to know but also governors ought to know them. However, these kinds of writings are mostly used by scholars and clerks, therefore this book is titled the Essential Knowledge for Literati and Clerks. The exemplary format for each document is provided individually as follows: <br /> <br /> <br /> 一 上言擊錚等凡例 [如旌閭∙贈職∙加贈∙復爵∙立后∙山訟∙雪冤等事] <br /> <br /> One: The general examples for written petitions (i.e. private requests) and oral petitions &lt;ref&gt; The Chinese characters for the oral petition are ''gyeokjaeng'' 擊錚, which literally means “striking a gong.” Through the ''gyeokjaeng'' system, commoners were allowed to strike a gong or drum in front of the palace or during the king’s public processions in order to appeal their grievances or petition to the king directly.&lt;/ref&gt; are the documents asking for things like a memorial gate,&lt;ref&gt; The memorial gate (''jeongnyeo'' 旌閭) was erected in honor of a person’s act of filial piety or chastity.&lt;/ref&gt; a posthumous title, an additional posthumous title, reinstatement, legal succession, burial site litigation, and a vindication. <br /> <br /> <br /> 一 所志套 <br /> <br /> One: The followings are formats for writing a petition. <br /> <br /> <br /> 一 士夫親自呈訴曰單子 假令京士大夫或以山訟等事 呈訴於五部及刑∙漢城府 則始面云某部某洞居幼 學某單子 而起頭則 曰恐鑑伏以 結辭則曰無任祈懇之至 [事係至寃重大 則或云無任泣祝] <br /> <br /> One: A petition that a scholar submits himself is called ''danja'' 單子 (“a piece of note”). If a scholar in Seoul submits a petition to the Five Wards, the Board of Punishments, or the Seoul Magistracy because of the matters like burial site litigation, he should write the following phrase on the first page: “The ''danja'' of a certain scholar living in a certain town in a certain district.” For the opening line, state this: “I prostrate myself to ask you to take a look at this case.” For the closing line, write this: “I cannot help earnestly making a request with my utmost sincerity.” [If the matter is extremely grievous and grave, say this: “I cannot help but pray to you with tears.”]<br /> <br /> <br /> 一 士夫家若以奴名呈狀 則始面云某部某洞居某宅奴某白活 而起頭則曰右謹陳所志矣段 矣上典 [一云矣宅]云云 結辭則曰伏乞參商敎是後云云 千萬望良爲白只爲 <br /> <br /> One: If a member of a scholar’s family submits a petition in the name of his slave, he should write the following phrase on the first page: “The ''balgwal'' 白活 (“plea”) of a certain slave living in a certain family in a certain town in a certain district.” For the opening line, write this: “I reverentially submit this petition as follows: My master [or my master’s family] ….” For the closing line, write this: “I prostrate myself to beg you to consider this, and then… I wish ten thousand times for this.” <br /> <br /> <br /> 一 士夫呈訴於土主官及山在官 則始面云某地居民幼學某單子 起頭∙結辭 上同 [尊稱其官曰城主閤下] <br /> <br /> One: If a scholar submits a petition to the magistrate in his town or to the magistrate in another town where his ancestor’s grave is located, he should write the following phrase on the first page: “The ''danja'' of a certain scholar, a resident of a certain area.” The opening and closing lines are the same as above. [He should address his magistrate by the title ''seongju hapha'' 城主閤下 (“His Excellency the Lord of the Castle.”) <br /> <br /> <br /> 一 凡民呈訴 則 [如山訟∙債訟∙人物招引∙毆打∙頉軍役等流] 始面云某地居閑良某白活 起頭則曰右謹陳所志矣段 [一云至寃情由事段] 結辭則曰伏乞參商敎是後云云 千萬望良爲白只爲 [自稱曰矣身 尊稱其官曰使道主∙案前主 隨其官職之品秩] <br /> <br /> One: If a commoner submits a petition because of matters like burial site litigation, debt litigation, human trafficking, assault and battery, or a military exemption, he should write the following phrase on the first page: “The ''balgwal'' of a certain commoner living in a certain area.” For the opening line, write this: “I reverentially submit the petition as follows.” [or I report the most grievous case as follows.] For the closing line, write this: “I prostrate myself to beg you to consider this case, and then… I wish ten thousand times for this.” [He should refer to himself as ''uisin'' 矣身 (“I, myself”) and address his magistrate by the title ''sadoju'' 使道主 (“commissioned lord of the province”) or ''anjeonju'' 案前主 (“lord sitting at the desk”) according to his rank.] <br /> <br /> <br /> 一 女人呈訴 則始面云 某地居某召史 [如金姓人則曰金召史 李姓人則曰李召史 各隨其姓] 白活 起頭與結辭上同 [自稱其身曰矣女] <br /> <br /> One: If a woman submits a petition, she should write the following phrase on the first page: “The ''balgwal'' of a certain woman (''joy'' 召史) living in a certain area.” [If her family name is Kim, she is Kim ''joy''. If Yi, then Yi ''joy''. Each follows her family name.] The opening and closing lines are the same as above. [She should refer to herself as ''ui-nyeo'' 矣女 (“I, a woman”).]<br /> <br /> <br /> 一 議送者 呈于監營之謂也 無論士夫及凡民 起訟於本官 而本官不能公決 則落訟者可以議送於營門也 若或不由本官 直呈營門 則營門不許聽理 <br /> <br /> One: An appeal letter (''uisong'' 議送) refers to a petition submitted to a provincial governor’s office. Regardless of a person’s status, whether he is a scholar or a commoner, if anyone attempts to petition his local magistrate but is not treated fairly by him, he can submit an appeal letter to a provincial governor’s office. [However,] if the letter goes directly to the governor’s office and not through the magistrate in charge of the area, it will not be allowed to be heard or proceed. <br /> <br /> <br /> 一 議送之套 與所志大同小異 而始面云 某地居某 [隨其人書之] 議送 <br /> <br /> One: The format for writing an appeal letter is similar to that of a petition, but one should write the following phrase on the first page: “The appeal letter of a certain person [his name and status are placed here] living in a certain area.”<br /> <br /> <br /> 一 雖有凡例 不見專(全)篇 則猶有不能纖悉之慮 故先自上言∙原情 以至于所志∙議送 各立條目 詳著一篇 使蒙學之人有所參考焉 <br /> <br /> One: Although there is a general guideline, if one does not read the entire book, he will not be able to know the details, which is my concern. Therefore, I provide a detailed example of each document, ranging from a private request and a complaint to a petition and an appeal letter, for beginning readers so that they may consult it. <br /> <br /> <br /> 一 謄書之際 上於平行者及上於二字者 皆依其法 使人無昧禮之嘆 <br /> <br /> One: When this book was edited, certain characters were designed to be arranged one or two lines above the others according to the rule&lt;ref&gt; This rule is called ''daedubeop'' 擡頭法 (“rule of raising a head”), which was applied to characters indicating a king (''sang'' 上) or a magistrate (''gwan'' 官).&lt;/ref&gt; in order to prevent readers from sighing at the author’s ignorance of the appropriate custom. <br /> <br /> <br /> 一 外邑守令及官司小吏封送單子 體格一一付之 使幼而學者 知其凡例 <br /> <br /> One: As for notes containing a list of items sent by magistrates in rural areas or of his clerks and petty officials, an exemplary format for each case is appended to it so that beginning readers may know the general principle. <br /> <br /> <br /> 一 告目諸套 <br /> <br /> One: The format for writing a letter to a superior (''gomok'' 告目) is introduced here. <br /> <br /> <br /> 一 文券套 <br /> <br /> One: The format for writing a deed (''mun'gwon'' 文券) is introduced.<br /> <br /> <br /> 一 通文套 <br /> <br /> One: The format for writing a circular letter (''tongmun'' 通文) is introduced.<br /> <br /> <br /> 儒胥必知凡例終 <br /> <br /> The general guideline for the ''Essential Knowledge for Literati and Clerks'' is hereby concluded.<br /> <br /> =='''Further Readings'''==<br /> &lt;!--&lt;div style=&quot;color:#008080;&quot;&gt;<br /> * View together with '''[http://kadhlab103.com/wiki/index.php/어제경민음 (Korean text) King Yeongjo’s Admonition for the People” (Eoje gyeongmineum 御製警民音, 1762)]'''<br /> &lt;/div&gt;--&gt;<br /> <br /> * 전경목 외, 유서필지, 사계절, 2006. <br /> <br /> * 전경목, 19세기 『儒胥必知』 編刊의 특징과 의의, 장서각15, 2006. <br /> <br /> * 김봉좌,『유서필지』 판본 연구, 서지학보29, 2005.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Footnotes'''==</div>

Sanghoon Na http://dh.aks.ac.kr/jsg/index.php?title=(Translation)_%E5%84%92%E8%83%A5%E5%BF%85%E7%9F%A5%E5%87%A1%E4%BE%8B&diff=15700 2018-09-12T06:45:39Z

<p>Sanghoon Na: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Primary Source Document3<br /> |Image = 유서필지범례1.jpg<br /> |English = General Introduction of the ''Essential Knowledge for Literati and Clerks''<br /> |Chinese = 儒胥必知凡例<br /> |Korean = 유서필지범례(Yuseo pilji beomnye)<br /> |Genre = Literati Writings<br /> |Type = Manual<br /> |Author = Anonymous<br /> |Year = ca. 1800<br /> |Key Concepts= clerks, ''idu'' (&quot;clerk readings&quot;), document forms <br /> |Translator = [[2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced)#Participants | Participants of 2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced Translation Group)]]<br /> |Editor = Sanghoon Na<br /> |Translation Year = 2018<br /> <br /> }}<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Introduction'''==<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Original Script'''==<br /> <br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; background-color:#ffffff;&quot;<br /> !style=&quot;width:25%;&quot;|Image || style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Text || style=&quot;width:45%;&quot;| Translation<br /> |-<br /> | [[File:유서필지범례1.jpg |border|유서필지범례1|400px]]<br /> ||<br /> <br /> 凡文字之體 各自不同 爲文章之學者尙文章之體 爲功令之學者 習功令之體 爲吏胥之學者 講吏胥之體 所謂文章之學者 序∙記∙跋∙雜著等體也 所謂功令之學者 詩∙賦∙表∙策∙疑∙義等體也 所謂吏胥之學者 非獨文簿而已 上言∙所志∙議送等體 皆是吏胥之不可不知者 又非獨吏胥之所可知也 凡爲吏治者 亦不可不知者 然此等文字 於儒胥最近 故名之曰儒胥必知 而其法例 一一列之於左<br /> <br /> ||<br /> (translation) <br /> <br /> General Guideline for the ''Essential Knowledge for Literati and Clerks''<br /> <br /> <br /> There are several different styles of writing. Those who are learning refined writing skills place a particular value on the literary style. Those who are preparing for the state examination learn to practice the writing styles for exams. Those who are learning clerical work practice a clerk’s writing style. <br /> <br /> <br /> Literary writings refer to a preface, a journal, a postface, miscellaneous works, and so on. Exam writings refer to poetry, rhymeprose, a memorial, a problem essay, an explication, an interpretation, etc. Clerical writings refer to not only official documents and ledgers but also private requests, petitions, letters of appeal, and others. All of these writings are what clerks must know. Not merely do the clerks have to know but also governors ought to know them. However, these kinds of writings are mostly used by scholars and clerks, therefore this book is titled the ''Essential Knowledge for Literati and Clerks''. The exemplary format for each document is provided individually as follows: <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> |-<br /> | [[File:유서필지범례2.jpg |border|유서필지범례2|400px]]<br /> ||<br /> 一 上言擊錚等凡例 [如旌閭∙贈職∙加贈∙復爵∙立后∙山訟∙雪冤等事]<br /> <br /> <br /> 一 所志套<br /> <br /> <br /> 一 士夫親自呈訴曰單子 假令京士大夫或以山訟等事 呈訴於五部及刑∙漢城府 則始面云某部某洞居幼 學某單子 而起頭則 曰恐鑑伏以 結辭則曰無任祈懇之至 [事係至寃重大 則或云無任泣祝]<br /> <br /> <br /> 一 士夫家若以奴名呈狀 則始面云某部某洞居某宅奴某白活 而起頭則曰右謹陳所志矣段 矣上典 [一云矣宅]云云 結辭則曰伏乞參商敎是後云云 千萬望良爲白只爲<br /> <br /> <br /> 一 士夫呈訴於土主官及山在官 則始面云某地居民幼學某單子 起頭∙結辭 上同 [尊稱其官曰城主閤下]<br /> <br /> <br /> 一 凡民呈訴 則 [如山訟∙債訟∙人物招引∙毆打∙頉軍役等流] 始面云某地居閑良某白活 起頭則曰右謹陳所志矣段 [一云至寃情由事段] 結辭則曰伏乞參商敎是後云云 千萬望良爲白只爲 [自稱曰矣身 尊稱其官曰使道主∙案前主 隨其官職之品秩]<br /> <br /> <br /> 一 女人呈訴 則始面云 某地居某召史 [如金姓人則曰金召史 李姓人則曰李召史 各隨其姓]<br /> <br /> <br /> 白活 起頭與結辭上同 [自稱其身曰矣女]<br /> <br /> <br /> 一 議送者 呈于監營之謂也 無論士夫及凡民 起訟於本官 而本官不能公決 則落訟者可以議送於營門也 若或不由本官 直呈營門 則營門不許聽理<br /> <br /> <br /> 一 議送之套 與所志大同小異 而始面云 某地居某 [隨其人書之] 議送<br /> <br /> <br /> 一 雖有凡例 不見專篇 則猶有不能纖悉之慮 故先自上言∙原情 以至于所志∙議送 各立條目 詳著一篇 使蒙學之人有所參考焉<br /> <br /> <br /> 一 謄書之際 上於平行者及上於二字者 皆依其法 使人無昧禮之嘆<br /> <br /> <br /> 一 外邑守令及官司小吏封送單子 體格一一付之 使幼而學者 知其凡例<br /> <br /> <br /> 一 告目諸套<br /> <br /> <br /> 一 文券套<br /> <br /> <br /> 一 通文套<br /> <br /> <br /> 儒胥必知凡例終<br /> <br /> ||<br /> (translation) <br /> <br /> <br /> One: The general examples for written petitions (i.e. private requests) and oral petitions are the documents asking for things like a memorial gate, a posthumous title, an additional posthumous title, reinstatement, legal succession, burial site litigation, and a vindication. <br /> <br /> <br /> One: The followings are formats for writing a petition. <br /> <br /> <br /> One: A petition that a scholar submits himself is called ''danja'' 單子 (“a piece of note”). If a scholar in Seoul submits a petition to the Five Wards, the Board of Punishments, or the Seoul Magistracy because of the matters like burial site litigation, he should write the following phrase on the first page: “The ''danja'' of a certain scholar living in a certain town in a certain district.” For the opening line, state this: “I prostrate myself to ask you to take a look at this case.” For the closing line, write this: “I cannot help earnestly making a request with my utmost sincerity.” [If the matter is extremely grievous and grave, say this: “I cannot help but pray to you with tears.”]<br /> <br /> <br /> One: If a member of a scholar’s family submits a petition in the name of his slave, he should write the following phrase on the first page: “The ''balgwal'' 白活 (“plea”) of a certain slave living in a certain family in a certain town in a certain district.” For the opening line, write this: “I reverentially submit this petition as follows: My master [or my master’s family] ….” For the closing line, write this: “I prostrate myself to beg you to consider this, and then… I wish ten thousand times for this.” <br /> <br /> <br /> One: If a scholar submits a petition to the magistrate in his town or to the magistrate in another town where his ancestor’s grave is located, he should write the following phrase on the first page: “The ''danja'' of a certain scholar, a resident of a certain area.” The opening and closing lines are the same as above. [He should address his magistrate by the title ''seongju hapha'' 城主閤下 (“His Excellency the Lord of the Castle.”) <br /> <br /> <br /> One: If a commoner submits a petition because of matters like burial site litigation, debt litigation, human trafficking, assault and battery, or a military exemption, he should write the following phrase on the first page: “The ''balgwal'' of a certain commoner living in a certain area.” For the opening line, write this: “I reverentially submit the petition as follows.” [or I report the most grievous case as follows.] For the closing line, write this: “I prostrate myself to beg you to consider this case, and then… I wish ten thousand times for this.” [He should refer to himself as ''uisin'' 矣身 (“I, myself”) and address his magistrate by the title ''sadoju'' 使道主 (“commissioned lord of the province”) or ''anjeonju'' 案前主 (“lord sitting at the desk”) according to his rank.] <br /> <br /> <br /> One: If a woman submits a petition, she should write the following phrase on the first page: “The ''balgwal'' of a certain woman (joy 召史) living in a certain area.” [If her family name is Kim, she is Kim joy. If Yi, then Yi joy. Each follows her family name.] The opening and closing lines are the same as above. [She should refer to herself as ''ui-nyeo'' 矣女 (“I, a woman”).]<br /> <br /> <br /> One: An appeal letter (''uisong'' 議送) refers to a petition submitted to a provincial governor’s office. Regardless of a person’s status, whether he is a scholar or a commoner, if anyone attempts to petition his local magistrate but is not treated fairly by him, he can submit an appeal letter to a provincial governor’s office. [However,] if the letter goes directly to the governor’s office and not through the magistrate in charge of the area, it will not be allowed to be heard or proceed. <br /> <br /> <br /> One: The format for writing an appeal letter is similar to that of a petition, but one should write the following phrase on the first page: “The appeal letter of a certain person [his name and status are placed here] living in a certain area.”<br /> <br /> <br /> One: Although there is a general guideline, if one does not read the entire book, he will not be able to know the details, which is my concern. Therefore, I provide a detailed example of each document, ranging from a private request and a complaint to a petition and an appeal letter, for beginning readers so that they may consult it. <br /> <br /> <br /> One: When this book was edited, certain characters were designed to be arranged one or two lines above the others according to the rule in order to prevent readers from sighing at the author’s ignorance of the appropriate custom. <br /> <br /> <br /> One: As for notes containing a list of items sent by magistrates in rural areas or of his clerks and petty officials, an exemplary format for each case is appended to it so that beginning readers may know the general principle. <br /> <br /> <br /> One: The format for writing a letter to a superior (''gomok'' 告目) is introduced here. <br /> <br /> <br /> One: The format for writing a deed (''mungwon'' 文券) is introduced.<br /> <br /> <br /> One: The format for writing a circular letter (''tongmun'' 通文) is introduced.<br /> <br /> <br /> The general guideline for the ''Essential Knowledge for Literati and Clerks'' is hereby concluded. <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> *Discussion Questions:<br /> <br /> =='''Annotated Interlinear Translation'''==<br /> <br /> 儒胥必知 凡例<br /> <br /> General Guideline for the ''Essential Knowledge for Literati and Clerks''<br /> <br /> <br /> 凡文字之體 各自不同 爲文章之學者尙文章之體 爲功令之學者 習功令之體 爲吏胥之學者 講吏胥之體 <br /> <br /> There are several different styles of writing. Those who are learning refined writing skills place a particular value on the literary style. Those who are preparing for the state examination learn to practice the writing styles for exams. Those who are learning clerical work practice a clerk’s writing style. <br /> <br /> <br /> 所謂文章之學者 序∙記∙跋∙雜著等體也 所謂功令之學者 詩∙賦∙表∙策∙疑∙義等體也 所謂吏胥之學者 非獨文簿而已 上言∙所志∙議送等體 皆是吏胥之不可不知者 又非獨吏胥之所可知也 凡爲吏治者 亦不可不知者 然此等文字 於儒胥最近 故名之曰儒胥必知 而其法例 一一列之於左 <br /> <br /> Literary writings refer to a preface, a journal, a postface, miscellaneous works, and so on. Exam writings refer to poetry, rhymeprose,&lt;ref&gt; Rhyme-prose (''fu'' 賦) was a major poetic form in Chinese literature, most popular between the 2nd century BCE and 6th century CE. It is a hybrid of prose and rhymed verse, more expansive than the condensed lyrics.&lt;/ref&gt; a memorial,&lt;ref&gt; A memorial (''biao'' 表) was a document presented by officials to the king or the emperor. It could be a statement of facts addressed to a government and often accompanied by a petition or remonstrance.&lt;/ref&gt; a problem essay,&lt;ref&gt; A problem essay (''chaek'' 策) was a type of the state examination, which included comments on political matters and applied interpretations of quotations from the Confucian Classics.&lt;/ref&gt; an explication,&lt;ref&gt; An explication (''ui'' 疑) refers to the clarification of doubtful points in the passages from the Confucian Classics.&lt;/ref&gt; This refers to the interpretation of passages from the Classics.&lt;/ref&gt; etc. Clerical writings refer to not only official documents and ledgers but also private requests, petitions, letters of appeal, and others. All of these writings are what clerks must know. Not merely do the clerks have to know but also governors ought to know them. However, these kinds of writings are mostly used by scholars and clerks, therefore this book is titled the Essential Knowledge for Literati and Clerks. The exemplary format for each document is provided individually as follows: <br /> <br /> <br /> 一 上言擊錚等凡例 [如旌閭∙贈職∙加贈∙復爵∙立后∙山訟∙雪冤等事] <br /> <br /> One: The general examples for written petitions (i.e. private requests) and oral petitions &lt;ref&gt; The Chinese characters for the oral petition are ''gyeokjaeng'' 擊錚, which literally means “striking a gong.” Through the ''gyeokjaeng'' system, commoners were allowed to strike a gong or drum in front of the palace or during the king’s public processions in order to appeal their grievances or petition to the king directly.&lt;/ref&gt; are the documents asking for things like a memorial gate,&lt;ref&gt; The memorial gate (''jeongnyeo'' 旌閭) was erected in honor of a person’s act of filial piety or chastity.&lt;/ref&gt; a posthumous title, an additional posthumous title, reinstatement, legal succession, burial site litigation, and a vindication. <br /> <br /> <br /> 一 所志套 <br /> <br /> One: The followings are formats for writing a petition. <br /> <br /> <br /> 一 士夫親自呈訴曰單子 假令京士大夫或以山訟等事 呈訴於五部及刑∙漢城府 則始面云某部某洞居幼 學某單子 而起頭則 曰恐鑑伏以 結辭則曰無任祈懇之至 [事係至寃重大 則或云無任泣祝] <br /> <br /> One: A petition that a scholar submits himself is called ''danja'' 單子 (“a piece of note”). If a scholar in Seoul submits a petition to the Five Wards, the Board of Punishments, or the Seoul Magistracy because of the matters like burial site litigation, he should write the following phrase on the first page: “The ''danja'' of a certain scholar living in a certain town in a certain district.” For the opening line, state this: “I prostrate myself to ask you to take a look at this case.” For the closing line, write this: “I cannot help earnestly making a request with my utmost sincerity.” [If the matter is extremely grievous and grave, say this: “I cannot help but pray to you with tears.”]<br /> <br /> <br /> 一 士夫家若以奴名呈狀 則始面云某部某洞居某宅奴某白活 而起頭則曰右謹陳所志矣段 矣上典 [一云矣宅]云云 結辭則曰伏乞參商敎是後云云 千萬望良爲白只爲 <br /> <br /> One: If a member of a scholar’s family submits a petition in the name of his slave, he should write the following phrase on the first page: “The ''balgwal'' 白活 (“plea”) of a certain slave living in a certain family in a certain town in a certain district.” For the opening line, write this: “I reverentially submit this petition as follows: My master [or my master’s family] ….” For the closing line, write this: “I prostrate myself to beg you to consider this, and then… I wish ten thousand times for this.” <br /> <br /> <br /> 一 士夫呈訴於土主官及山在官 則始面云某地居民幼學某單子 起頭∙結辭 上同 [尊稱其官曰城主閤下] <br /> <br /> One: If a scholar submits a petition to the magistrate in his town or to the magistrate in another town where his ancestor’s grave is located, he should write the following phrase on the first page: “The ''danja'' of a certain scholar, a resident of a certain area.” The opening and closing lines are the same as above. [He should address his magistrate by the title ''seongju hapha'' 城主閤下 (“His Excellency the Lord of the Castle.”) <br /> <br /> <br /> 一 凡民呈訴 則 [如山訟∙債訟∙人物招引∙毆打∙頉軍役等流] 始面云某地居閑良某白活 起頭則曰右謹陳所志矣段 [一云至寃情由事段] 結辭則曰伏乞參商敎是後云云 千萬望良爲白只爲 [自稱曰矣身 尊稱其官曰使道主∙案前主 隨其官職之品秩] <br /> <br /> One: If a commoner submits a petition because of matters like burial site litigation, debt litigation, human trafficking, assault and battery, or a military exemption, he should write the following phrase on the first page: “The ''balgwal'' of a certain commoner living in a certain area.” For the opening line, write this: “I reverentially submit the petition as follows.” [or I report the most grievous case as follows.] For the closing line, write this: “I prostrate myself to beg you to consider this case, and then… I wish ten thousand times for this.” [He should refer to himself as ''uisin'' 矣身 (“I, myself”) and address his magistrate by the title ''sadoju'' 使道主 (“commissioned lord of the province”) or ''anjeonju'' 案前主 (“lord sitting at the desk”) according to his rank.] <br /> <br /> <br /> 一 女人呈訴 則始面云 某地居某召史 [如金姓人則曰金召史 李姓人則曰李召史 各隨其姓] 白活 起頭與結辭上同 [自稱其身曰矣女] <br /> <br /> One: If a woman submits a petition, she should write the following phrase on the first page: “The ''balgwal'' of a certain woman (''joy'' 召史) living in a certain area.” [If her family name is Kim, she is Kim ''joy''. If Yi, then Yi ''joy''. Each follows her family name.] The opening and closing lines are the same as above. [She should refer to herself as ''ui-nyeo'' 矣女 (“I, a woman”).]<br /> <br /> <br /> 一 議送者 呈于監營之謂也 無論士夫及凡民 起訟於本官 而本官不能公決 則落訟者可以議送於營門也 若或不由本官 直呈營門 則營門不許聽理 <br /> <br /> One: An appeal letter (''uisong'' 議送) refers to a petition submitted to a provincial governor’s office. Regardless of a person’s status, whether he is a scholar or a commoner, if anyone attempts to petition his local magistrate but is not treated fairly by him, he can submit an appeal letter to a provincial governor’s office. [However,] if the letter goes directly to the governor’s office and not through the magistrate in charge of the area, it will not be allowed to be heard or proceed. <br /> <br /> <br /> 一 議送之套 與所志大同小異 而始面云 某地居某 [隨其人書之] 議送 <br /> <br /> One: The format for writing an appeal letter is similar to that of a petition, but one should write the following phrase on the first page: “The appeal letter of a certain person [his name and status are placed here] living in a certain area.”<br /> <br /> <br /> 一 雖有凡例 不見專(全)篇 則猶有不能纖悉之慮 故先自上言∙原情 以至于所志∙議送 各立條目 詳著一篇 使蒙學之人有所參考焉 <br /> <br /> One: Although there is a general guideline, if one does not read the entire book, he will not be able to know the details, which is my concern. Therefore, I provide a detailed example of each document, ranging from a private request and a complaint to a petition and an appeal letter, for beginning readers so that they may consult it. <br /> <br /> <br /> 一 謄書之際 上於平行者及上於二字者 皆依其法 使人無昧禮之嘆 <br /> <br /> One: When this book was edited, certain characters were designed to be arranged one or two lines above the others according to the rule&lt;ref&gt; This rule is called ''daedubeop'' 擡頭法 (“rule of raising a head”), which was applied to characters indicating a king (''sang'' 上) or a magistrate (''gwan'' 官).&lt;/ref&gt; in order to prevent readers from sighing at the author’s ignorance of the appropriate custom. <br /> <br /> <br /> 一 外邑守令及官司小吏封送單子 體格一一付之 使幼而學者 知其凡例 <br /> <br /> One: As for notes containing a list of items sent by magistrates in rural areas or of his clerks and petty officials, an exemplary format for each case is appended to it so that beginning readers may know the general principle. <br /> <br /> <br /> 一 告目諸套 <br /> <br /> One: The format for writing a letter to a superior (''gomok'' 告目) is introduced here. <br /> <br /> <br /> 一 文券套 <br /> <br /> One: The format for writing a deed (''mun'gwon'' 文券) is introduced.<br /> <br /> <br /> 一 通文套 <br /> <br /> One: The format for writing a circular letter (''tongmun'' 通文) is introduced.<br /> <br /> <br /> 儒胥必知凡例終 <br /> <br /> The general guideline for the ''Essential Knowledge for Literati and Clerks'' is hereby concluded.<br /> <br /> =='''Further Readings'''==<br /> &lt;!--&lt;div style=&quot;color:#008080;&quot;&gt;<br /> * View together with '''[http://kadhlab103.com/wiki/index.php/어제경민음 (Korean text) King Yeongjo’s Admonition for the People” (Eoje gyeongmineum 御製警民音, 1762)]'''<br /> &lt;/div&gt;--&gt;<br /> <br /> * 전경목 외, 유서필지, 사계절, 2006. <br /> <br /> * 전경목, 19세기 『儒胥必知』 編刊의 특징과 의의, 장서각15, 2006. <br /> <br /> * 김봉좌,『유서필지』 판본 연구, 서지학보29, 2005.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Footnotes'''==</div>

Sanghoon Na http://dh.aks.ac.kr/jsg/index.php?title=(Translation)_%E5%BA%9A%E5%8D%88%E5%B9%B4_%E7%A7%81%E5%A5%B4_%E4%B8%81%E5%B1%B1_%E6%B1%9F%E9%99%B5%E5%A4%A7%E9%83%BD%E8%AD%B7%E5%BA%9C_%E7%AB%8B%E6%97%A8&diff=15658 2018-08-26T01:59:09Z

<p>Sanghoon Na: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Primary Source Document3<br /> |Image = 경오년사노정산입지.jpg<br /> |English = Abridged Certificate of Gangneung Special City for Slave Jeongsan in the ''gyeong-o'' year [1750]<br /> |Chinese = 庚午年 私奴 丁山 江陵大都護府 立旨<br /> |Korean = 경오년 사노 정산 강릉대도호부 입지(''Gyeongonyeon Sano Jeongsan Gangneung-daedohobu Ipji'')<br /> |Genre = [[Historical Manuscripts]]<br /> |Type = Record<br /> |Author = 私奴 丁山 <br /> |Year = 1750<br /> |Key Concepts= petition, certificate, slave, letter of authorization, evidence<br /> |Translator = [[2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced)#Participants | Participants of 2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced Translation Group)]]<br /> |Editor = Jaeyoon Song, Sanghoon Na<br /> |Translation Year = 2018<br /> <br /> }}<br /> [[File:Backward.png|right|40px|link=2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced)#Primary Sources for Korean Studies]]<br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Introduction'''==<br /> <br /> =='''Original Script'''==<br /> <br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;width:80%; font-size:110%; color:#002080; background-color:#ffffff;&quot;<br /> !style=&quot;width:40%;&quot;|Classical Chinese || style=&quot;width:60%;&quot;| English <br /> |-<br /> |<br /> 加南居私奴丁山[手寸]<br /> <br /> 右以陳所志矣段矣 上典利川居宋生員田畓庫乙買得爲居乎矣<br /> <br /> 奴子守鳳基矣上典宅牌子導良成明文許給爲乎矣他官遠地之<br /> <br /> 事乙此時人心或有雜談是白可如是明文牌子幷以粘連仰訴爲白去乎<br /> <br /> 後考次立旨及踏印成給事乙千萬祝手爲乎爲<br /> <br /> 行下　向敎　是事<br /> <br /> 大　都護府　處分[官押]<br /> <br /> 庚午五月日　所志<br /> <br /> [題辭]　後考次立旨成給<br /> <br /> 十七日[官印]<br /> <br /> <br /> ||<br /> <br /> III-1. 庚午年私奴丁山江陵大都護府立旨<br /> <br /> Abridged Certificate&lt;ref&gt; An abridged certificate is called ''ipji'' 立旨, while an unabridged one is ''iban'' 立案. This abridged certificate here was originally served as a petition at first. Once the petition was ratified by a government office, it became a certificate. Therefore, the same document can be both a petition and a certificate.&lt;/ref&gt; of Gangneung Special City for Slave Jeongsan in the ''gyeong-o'' year [1750]<br /> <br /> <br /> 加南居私奴丁山 [手寸]<br /> <br /> Private Male Slave Jeongsan residing in Ganam [Signature of Finger Joint]<br /> <br /> <br /> 右以陳所志矣段矣 <br /> <br /> The purpose of this petition is as follows: <br /> <br /> <br /> 上典利川居宋生員田畓庫乙買得爲居乎矣 奴子守鳳 其矣上典宅牌子導良 成明文許給爲乎矣 他官遠地之事乙 此時人心或有雜談是白可 如是明文牌子幷以粘連 仰訴爲白去乎 後考次立旨及踏印成給事乙 千萬祝手爲乎爲<br /> <br /> My master [Yi Naebeon] purchased farm fields and rice paddies from ''Saengwon''&lt;ref&gt; Saengwon 生員 was a scholar who passed the classics licentiate examination. The licentiate examinations were of two kinds; the classics licentiate examination (''saengwon-gwa'' 生員科) that examined candidates on the Four Books and Five Classics of China, and the literary licentiate examination (''jinsa-gwa'' 進士科) that tested skill in composing such Chinese literary forms as ''shi'' poetry (''shi'' 詩), rhyme-prose (''fu'' 賦), documentary prose (''biao'' 表), and the problem-essay (''ce'' 策). See Ki-baik Lee, ''A New History of Korea,'' trans. Edward W. Wagner (Seoul: Ilchokak, 1984), 180. &lt;/ref&gt; Song residing in Icheon. Based upon the letter of authorization given to his slave Subong by his master [Mr. Song], the agreement document was made. Since the matter occurred in another distant region [Gangneung], the people nowadays might make an issue out of it. Thus, by attaching the bill of sale with the letter of authorization together with this petition like this, I appeal to you to issue a sealed certificate in order to be used as evidence later. I beg you earnestly rubbing my hands ten thousand times. <br /> <br /> <br /> 行下向敎是事<br /> <br /> Please grant this petition.<br /> <br /> <br /> 大都護府 處分 [官押]<br /> <br /> Request for Approval of the Special City&lt;ref&gt; This special city (''daedohobu'' 大都護府) refers to Gangneung. In the late Joseon period, there were five special cities: Andong, Gangneung, Yeongheung, Yeongbyeon, and Changwon.&lt;/ref&gt; [Government’s Signature]&lt;ref&gt; The signature ''gwan'' 官 was engraved in wood first and then stamped on the document for the sake of convenience.&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> <br /> 庚午五月日　所志<br /> <br /> The petition submitted on a certain day&lt;ref&gt; According to Sim Yeong-hwan (Senior Researcher at the Jangseogak Archives of The Academy of Korean Studies), it was usual that the exact date was not filled in because the drafter did not know when the petition would be delivered after it was completed. According to Mun Sukja (Researcher at the SNU Law Research Institute), the documents of the late Joseon period tended to omit the date unlike those of the early- or mid-Joseon period. Mun Sukja, “Reading the Documents of Property Distribution” (lecture, The Academy of Korean Studies, Seongnam, Gyeonggi province, August 22, 2018).&lt;/ref&gt; of the fifth month of the ''gyeong-o'' year [1750]. <br /> <br /> <br /> [題辭]　後考次立旨成給<br /> <br /> [Official Decision] A certificate is issued in order to be used as evidence later.<br /> <br /> <br /> 十七日 [官印]<br /> <br /> On the seventeenth day [Government Seal]<br /> <br /> <br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> =='''Discussion Questions'''==<br /> # On what grounds did the slaves dispose of their master's property?<br /> # How much did the slaves understand the document written in Chinese characters?<br /> <br /> =='''Further Readings'''==<br /> &lt;!--<br /> &lt;div style=&quot;color:#008080;&quot;&gt;<br /> * View together with '''~~'''.<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> --&gt;<br /> *<br /> *<br /> <br /> <br /> =='''References'''==<br /> &lt;references/&gt;<br /> <br /> =='''Translation'''==<br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> *Discussion Questions:<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:2018 Hanmun Summer Workshop]]<br /> [[Category:Advanced Translation Group]]</div>

Sanghoon Na http://dh.aks.ac.kr/jsg/index.php?title=(Translation)_%E6%B5%B7%E5%8D%97%E5%B0%B9%E6%B0%8F_%E5%9C%9F%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%B7%E8%B3%A3_%E7%AB%8B%E6%A1%88&diff=15657 2018-08-25T09:28:31Z

<p>Sanghoon Na: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Primary Source Document3<br /> |Image = 1682호비월매토지매매명문등.jpg<br /> |English = Estate Certificate by Haenam Prefecture <br /> |Chinese = [http://archive.aks.ac.kr/imageViewer/ImageViewer.aspx?datauci=G002+AKS+KSM-XD.1683.4682-20101008.B003a_003_00409_001&amp;refuci=G002+AKS+KSM-XD.1683.0000-20101008.B003a_003_00409_003&amp;fname=G002+AKS+KSM-XD.1683.4682-20101008.B003a_003_00409_001-IMG.001.jpg&amp;closed=true 海南尹氏 土地買賣 立案]<br /> |Korean = 해남윤씨 토지매매입안(Haenam Yunssi Tojimaemae Iban)<br /> |Genre = [[Historical Manuscripts]]<br /> |Type = Certificate<br /> |Author = Tami <br /> |Year = 1683<br /> |Key Concepts= bill of sale, petition, certificate, chief slave <br /> |Translator = [[2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced)#Participants | Participants of 2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced Translation Group)]]<br /> |Editor = Sanghoon Na<br /> |Translation Year = 2018<br /> <br /> }}<br /> [[File:Backward.png|right|40px|link=2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced)#Primary Sources for Korean Studies]]<br /> &lt;gallery&gt;<br /> 파일:1683해남현입지.jpg |link=(Translation) 海南尹氏 土地買賣 立案|III-6-1. 1683年 海南縣 立旨 해남현 입지('' Haenamhyeon Ipji'')<br /> 파일:1682호비월매토지매매명문.jpg |link=(Translation) 海南尹氏 土地買賣 立案|III-6-2. 1682年 戶婢 月梅 土地賣買明文 호비 월매 토지매매명문(''Toji-maemae-myeongmun'')<br /> 파일:1683사노담이초사.jpg |link=(Translation) 海南尹氏 土地買賣 立案|III-6-3. 1683년 私奴 淡伊 招辭 사노 담이 초사(''Sano Dami Chosa'')<br /> 파일:1683사노석벽초사.jpg |link=(Translation) 海南尹氏 土地買賣 立案|III-6-4. 1683년 私奴 石碧 招辭 사노 석벽 초사(''Sano Seokbyeong Chosa'')<br /> 파일:1683호비월매입안.jpg |link=(Translation) 海南尹氏 土地買賣 立案|III-6-5. 1683年 戶婢 月梅 立案 호비 월매 입안(''Hobi Wolmae Iban'')<br /> &lt;/gallery&gt;<br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Introduction'''==<br /> <br /> 1683년 해남현(海南縣) 입지(立旨)<br /> <br /> <br /> http://archive.aks.ac.kr/Inspection/insDirView.aspx?dataUCI=G002+AKS+KSM-XD.1683.4682-20101008.B003a_003_00409_001<br /> <br /> <br /> 1682년(肅宗8)에 私奴 淡伊가 幼學 李必晟의 戶婢 月梅에게 畓 9마지기를 放賣하면서 작성한 明文.<br /> <br /> <br /> 주제<br /> 1682년(肅宗8)에 사노 담이가 畓 3마지기를 유학 이필성의 호비 월매에게 正租 10石을 받고 팔면서 써준 明文이다. 正租는 벼를 말한다. 매매 대상인 토지는 花山一道面 大路越員에 있는 若字 畓 3마지기인데, 이는 세 배미[夜味]로 이루어진 9마지기의 일부분으로서, 東邊의 한 배미이며, 卜數로는 10卜 3束이다. 배미[夜味]는 하나의 논두렁으로 구획된 畓 한 개를 헤아릴 때 쓰는 말이다. 따라서 이는 면적의 광협과는 상관이 없는 말이다. 員은 전답이 소재하는 들판을 이른다. 이 명문의 작성에는 畓主 이외에, 證人으로는 사노 石碧이, 證人 및 保人으로는 內奴 處日이, 筆執으로는 진득창이 각각 참여하였다. 內奴는 內需司에 소속된 종이다. 이 명문에는 증인, 보인, 필집이 각각 이 매매의 내용이 진실함을 진술한 招辭가 붙어 있으며, 官에서는 이를 기초로 이듬해인 1683년(肅宗9)에 이 매매 사실을 확인해주는 立案을 발급하였다.<br /> <br /> <br /> 용어<br /> 마지기(斗落只)는 파종량을 기준으로 한 전답의 면적 단위이다. 1마지기는 한 말[斗]의 씨앗을 파종할 수 있는 면적인데, 대개 토질에 따라 그 면적의 크기에 다소 차이가 있다. 卜數는 소출량에 근거한 租稅 單位이며, 負數로도 쓴다. 1負는 타작하기 전의 볏단 한 짐의 분량이다.<br /> <br /> =='''Original Script'''==<br /> <br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; background-color:#ffffff;&quot;<br /> !style=&quot;width:25%;&quot;|Image || style=&quot;width:25%;&quot;|Text || style=&quot;width:50%;&quot;| Translation<br /> |-<br /> | [[File:1683해남현입지.jpg |border|1683해남현입지|400px]]<br /> ||<br /> 花山面居幼學李必晟戶婢月梅<br /> <br /> 右謹陳所志矣段婢矣上典主敎是縣居私奴<br /> <br /> 淡伊處花山一道大路越員若字畓參斗<br /> <br /> 落只庫乙上年分買得未及官斜爲白有等<br /> <br /> 以敢此呼訴爲白去乎依例斜給行下爲白只爲<br /> <br /> 行下向敎是事<br /> <br /> 官司主處分<br /> <br /> 癸亥三月 日所志<br /> <br /> 官[押]<br /> <br /> [題辭]依願斜給向事 初五<br /> ||<br /> (translation)<br /> <br /> 花山面居幼學李必晟戶婢月梅 <br /> <br /> Wolmae, chief female slave of Yi Pilseong who is a scholar&lt;ref&gt; The characters for a scholar are ''yuhak'' 幼學, which literally means a “young learner” who did not pass the civil service examination yet. JaHyun K. Haboush translates it into a “student scholar” (Haboush, ''The Confucian Kingship in Korea'', 90) and Eugene Y. Park renders it into a “degreeless scholars.” (Park, ''Between Dreams and Reality'', 41).&lt;/ref&gt; residing in Hwasan-myeon, <br /> <br /> <br /> 右謹陳所志矣段 婢矣上典主敎是 縣居私奴淡伊處 花山一道 大路越員 若字畓 參斗落只庫乙 上年分買得 未及官斜爲白有等以 敢此呼訴爲白去乎 依例斜給行下爲白只爲 <br /> <br /> The purpose of this petition is as follows: My master bought three ''durakji''&lt;ref&gt; Durakji 斗落只 or ''durak'' 斗落 (''majigi'' in vernacular Korean) is the amount of land on which one mal (18 liters) could be planted as seed. The size of land has varied in different regions. It is approximately 150-300 ''pyeong'' (495-990 square meters) for rice paddies and 100 ''pyeong'' (330 square meters) for dry fields. See James Palais, Confucian Statecraft and Korean Institutions, (Seattle and London: University of Washington Press, 1996), 364.&lt;/ref&gt; of the ''yak'' paddy on Daerowol Plain of Hwasan ildo [-myeon] from the male slave Dami, living in the same prefecture, last year. However, the certificate has not been issued yet, therefore I humbly appeal to you. According to precedent, please grant me the certificate.<br /> <br /> <br /> 行下向敎是事<br /> <br /> Please grant this petition.<br /> <br /> <br /> 官司主處分<br /> <br /> Request for Magistrate’s Approval <br /> <br /> <br /> 癸亥三月日 所志 <br /> <br /> Petition submitted on a certain day&lt;ref&gt; According to Sim Yeong-hwan (Senior Researcher at the Jangseogak Archives of The Academy of Korean Studies), it was usual that the exact date was not filled in because the drafter did not know when the petition would be delivered after it was completed. According to Mun Sukja (Researcher at the SNU Law Research Institute), the documents of the late Joseon period tended to omit the date unlike those of the early- or mid-Joseon period. Mun Sukja, “Reading the Documents of Property Distribution” (lecture, The Academy of Korean Studies, Seongnam, Gyeonggi province, August 22, 2018).&lt;/ref&gt; of the third month of the year ''gyehae'' [1683]<br /> <br /> <br /> (官押)<br /> <br /> [Government Signature]<br /> <br /> <br /> [題辭] 依願斜給向事 初五<br /> <br /> [Official Decision] A certificate is issued according to your wish on the fifth day.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> |-<br /> | [[File:1682호비월매토지매매명문.jpg |border|1682호비월매토지매매명문|400px]]<br /> ||<br /> 康熙貳拾壹年壬戌十二月初八日戶婢月梅處<br /> <br /> 明文<br /> <br /> 右明文爲臥乎事段矣身許多食口連<br /> <br /> 値㐫荒生利爲難乙仍于勢不得已花<br /> <br /> 山一道面大路越員伏在若字畓玖斗落只<br /> <br /> 參夜味內東邊參斗落只壹夜味負數拾<br /> <br /> 負參束庫乙正租拾石以交易依數捧上<br /> <br /> 爲遣同婢處永永放賣爲去乎後此同<br /> <br /> 生子息姪子中生謀雜談爲去等此<br /> <br /> 文記告官卞正事<br /> <br /> 畓主私奴淡伊[左寸]<br /> <br /> 證人同姓姪子私奴石碧[左寸]<br /> <br /> 證保內奴處日[左寸]<br /> <br /> 筆執正兵陳得昌[署押]<br /> ||<br /> (translation)<br /> <br /> III-6. 海南尹氏 土地買賣 立案&lt;ref&gt; An abridged certificate is called ''ipji'' 立旨, while an unabridged one is ''iban'' 立案 (estate certificate of registration). This document was made as a petition at first. Once the petition is ratified by a government office, it became a certificate. Therefore, the same document can be both a petition and a certificate.&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> <br /> 6.1. 康熙貳拾壹年壬戌十二月初八日 戶婢月梅處明文<br /> <br /> The bill of sale&lt;ref&gt; A bill of sale (''myeongmun'' 明文) was given to a buyer when a deal was concluded between two individuals privately before having a government’s warrant.&lt;/ref&gt; to Chief Female Slave Wolmae&lt;ref&gt; Slave Wolmae is carrying out this business for her master Yi Pilseong. The ''yangban'' literati considered it shameful to be involved in business transactions themselves during the Joseon period.&lt;/ref&gt; on the 8th day of the 12th month of the 20th year [1682] of Emperor Kangxi’s reign [1661-1722]<br /> <br /> <br /> 右明文爲臥乎事段 矣身許多食口 連値㐫荒 生利爲難乙仍于 勢不得已 花山一道面 大路越員伏在 若字畓玖斗落只 參夜味內東邊參斗落只 壹夜味負數拾負參束庫乙 正租拾石以交易<br /> <br /> The purpose of this bill of sale is as follows:&lt;ref&gt; The literal translation of this sentence would be “The bill of sale mentioned on the right is as follows.” There are two explanations on the usage of wu 右 (“right”): one is that it refers to the word “bill of sale” 明文 written vertically on the right side. The other is that it suggests the document placed in a ruler’s right side which he was supposed to deal with first. Thus, wu 右 means the present document, which is based on A Clear Distinction of Styles (''Wenti mingbian'' 文體明辨). See Kim Seong-gap, “Joseonsidae myeongmun e gwanhan munseohakjeok yeon-gu 朝鮮時代 明文에 관한 文書學的 硏究,” (Ph.D. Diss., The Graduate School of Korean Studies, 2009), 66-7.&lt;/ref&gt; Since I [Dami] have many people in my family and encountered a series of severe famines, it is difficult to find the means to live on.&lt;ref&gt; This was a typical statement of contracts because it was forbidden for people to sell their inherited lands at their disposal in the Rank Land Law (''gwajeonbeop'' 科田法). However, in the sixth year of King Sejong’s reign, it was allowed in such urgent situations as providing for the funeral and burial of their parents, repaying their outstanding debts, or escaping from the grinding poverty. See Veritable Records of King Sejong, Year 6 (1424), Month 3, Day 23, Entry 3. (available at http://esillok.history.go.kr/front/index.do). Thereafter, people usually started with plausible excuses when they wrote this kind of document.&lt;/ref&gt; In this situation, I have no other choice but to exchange a strip of rice paddy for ten ''seok''&lt;ref&gt; One ''seok'' 石 (''seom'' in vernacular Korean) is approximately 180 liters. &lt;/ref&gt; of unhusked rice. The rice paddy is three ''durakji'' on the east side of three strips of paddy among nine ''durakji'' of the ''yak''&lt;ref&gt; ''Yak'' 若 is the 283rd character in the ''Qianzi wen'' 千字文 (''Thousand Character Classics''), which is used to refer to the location of the land.&lt;/ref&gt; paddy on Daerowol Plain of Hwasan ildo-myeon,&lt;ref&gt; This is located in modern Haenam in South Jeolla province.&lt;/ref&gt; producing ten loads&lt;ref&gt; The character for “load” is bu 負 (“burden”) or bu 卜 (“Korean A-frame carrier”), which is the amount of crop yields that a man could carry on his back with the A-frame carrier.&lt;/ref&gt; and three bundles&lt;ref&gt; The character for “bundle” is ''sok'' 束 (“bind”), which is the amount of rice plants. A handful of rice plants are called one pa 把 (“to grasp”). Ten handfuls (''pa'') of rice plants make one bundle (''sok'').&lt;/ref&gt; of grain. <br /> <br /> <br /> 依數捧上爲遣 同婢處永永放賣爲去乎 後此同生子息姪子中 生謀雜談爲去等 此文記告官卞正事<br /> <br /> I take the amount [of rice] and sell the property to the female slave [Wolmae] in perpetuity. Should there be a dispute at a later date among my siblings and nephews, take this document and report to the authorities for justice in this matter.<br /> <br /> <br /> 畓主 私奴 淡伊 (左寸)<br /> <br /> Paddy Owner: Private Male Slave, Dami [Signature of Left Index Finger Joint]<br /> <br /> <br /> 證人 同姓姪子私奴 石碧 (左寸)<br /> <br /> Witness: Paternal Nephew’s Male Slave, Seokbyeok [Signature of Left Index Finger Joint]<br /> <br /> <br /> 證保 內奴 處日 (左寸)<br /> <br /> Guarantor: Male Slave of the Palace Supply Bureau, Cheo-il [Signature of Left Index Finger Joint]<br /> <br /> <br /> 筆執 正兵 陳得昌 (手決)<br /> <br /> Scribe: Conscript Soldier, Jin Teukchang [Signature]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> |-<br /> | [[File:1683사노담이초사.jpg |border|1683사노담이초사|400px]]<br /> ||<br /> 癸亥三月初八日畓主私奴<br /> <br /> 淡伊年<br /> <br /> 白等矣身亦生利爲難<br /> <br /> 仍于資生次花山一道面大<br /> <br /> 路越員伏在若字畓九<br /> <br /> 斗落只參夜味內東邊<br /> <br /> 三斗落只一夜味庫乙<br /> <br /> 正租十石以折價捧上爲白遣<br /> <br /> 上項幼學李必晟戶婢月<br /> <br /> 梅處永永放賣的實爲白置相<br /> <br /> 考施行<br /> <br /> 白<br /> <br /> 官[押]<br /> ||<br /> (translation)<br /> <br /> 6.3. 招辭 1<br /> <br /> Statement of the Seller<br /> <br /> <br /> 癸亥三月初八日<br /> <br /> On the eighth day of the third month of the year ''gyehye'' [1683]<br /> <br /> <br /> 畓主私奴淡伊年 白等矣身亦 生利爲難仍于 資生次 花山一道面 大路越員伏在 若字畓九斗落只 參夜味內東邊三斗落只 一夜味庫乙 正租十石以 折價捧上爲白遣 上項幼學李必晟戶婢月梅處 永永放賣的實爲白置 相考施行<br /> <br /> I, Dami, as the paddy owner and private male slave aged ,&lt;ref&gt; His age is not recorded in the original text. The space for Dami’s age is not filled in.&lt;/ref&gt; state that I had a hard time making a living and so, in order to survive, I set the price of a strip of paddy which is three ''durakji'' on the east side of three strips of paddy among nine ''durakji'' of the ''yak'' paddy on Daerowol Plain of Hwasan ildo-myeon. Ten ''seok'' of unhusked rice was the set price and I accepted the amount. It is certainly true that the property was sold in perpetuity to Wolmae, chief female slave of the above-mentioned scholar Yi Pilseong. Please consider this and certify it.<br /> <br /> <br /> 官(押)<br /> <br /> Government Office [Signature]<br /> <br /> <br /> |-<br /> | [[File:1683사노석벽초사.jpg |border|1683사노석벽초사|400px]]<br /> ||<br /> 同日 證人私奴石碧年<br /> <br /> 證保內奴處日年<br /> <br /> 筆執正兵陳得昌年<br /> <br /> 白等奴淡伊亦生利爲難其矣<br /> <br /> 畓庫是在花山一道面大路越員伏<br /> <br /> 在若字畓三斗落只一夜味庫乙<br /> <br /> 價正租拾石以交易捧上爲遣<br /> <br /> 前項幼學李必晟戶婢月梅<br /> <br /> 處永永放賣時叅訂的實<br /> <br /> 爲白置相考施行<br /> <br /> 白[左寸]<br /> <br /> 白[左寸]<br /> <br /> 白[左寸]<br /> <br /> 白[署押]<br /> <br /> 官[押]<br /> <br /> ||<br /> (translation)<br /> <br /> 6.4. 招辭 2<br /> <br /> Statement of the Witness, the Guarantor, and the Scribe <br /> <br /> <br /> 同日 證人私奴石碧年 證保內奴處日年 筆執正兵陳得昌年 白等奴淡伊亦生利爲難 其矣畓庫是在 花山一道面 大路越員伏在 若字畓三斗落只 一夜味庫乙 價正租拾石 以交易捧上爲遣 前項幼學李必晟戶婢月梅處 永永放賣時 叅訂的實爲白置 相考施行<br /> <br /> On the same day, Witness Seokbyeok aged ,&lt;ref&gt; His age is not recorded in the original text. The space for Seokbyeok’s age is not filled in. &lt;/ref&gt; who is a private slave, Guarantor Cheo-il aged , who is a slave of the Palace Supply Bureau, and Scribe Jin Deukchang aged , who is a conscript soldier, state that Tami, a male slave, had a hard time making a living. [Thus,] he exchanged a strip of rice paddy for ten ''seok'' of unhusked rice. The rice paddy is three ''durakji'' in the ''yak''&lt;ref&gt; ''Yak'' 若 is the 283rd character.&lt;/ref&gt; paddy on Daerowol Plain of Hwasan ildo-myeon. It is affirmed that the property was sold in perpetuity to Wolmae, chief female slave in the previously mentioned scholar Yi Pilseong’s house. Please consider this and certify it.<br /> <br /> <br /> 白 [左寸]<br /> <br /> Witness [Signature of Left Index Finger Joint]<br /> <br /> <br /> 白 [左寸]<br /> <br /> Witness [Signature of Left Index Finger Joint]<br /> <br /> <br /> 白 [左寸]<br /> <br /> Witness [Signature of Left Index Finger Joint]<br /> <br /> <br /> 白 [署押]<br /> <br /> Witness [Signature]<br /> <br /> <br /> 官 [押]<br /> <br /> Government Office [Signature]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> |-<br /> | [[File:1683호비월매입안.jpg |border|1683호비월매입안|400px]]<br /> ||<br /> 康熙二十二年三月日海南縣立案<br /> <br /> 右立案爲後考事粘連詳狀據<br /> <br /> 叅訂各人等招辭是置有亦上項<br /> <br /> 幼學李必晟戶婢月梅亦私奴<br /> <br /> 淡伊處花山一道面大道越員伏<br /> <br /> 在若字畓三斗落只庫乙買得<br /> <br /> 的實爲乎等以葉作官上爲<br /> <br /> 遣以憑後考次合行立案者<br /> <br /> 縣監[管押]<br /> ||<br /> (translation)<br /> <br /> 6.5. 康熙二十二年三月日海南縣立案<br /> <br /> Certificate issued by Haenam Prefecture on a certain day of the third month of the 24th year [1684] of Emperor Kangxi’s reign [1661-1722]<br /> <br /> <br /> 右立案爲後考事 粘連詳狀據<br /> <br /> This certificate is made to testify to this matter later based upon the attached documents with all the details. <br /> <br /> <br /> 叅訂各人等 招辭是置有亦 上項幼學李必晟戶婢月梅亦 私奴淡伊處 花山一道面 大道越員伏在 若字畓三斗落只庫乙買得 的實爲乎等 以葉作官上爲遣 以憑後考次 合行立案者<br /> <br /> Since each of the witnesses made a statement that it was certainly true for Wolmae, chief female slave of the previously mentioned scholar Yi Pilseong, to have bought three ''durakji'' of the ''yak'' paddy on Daerowol Plain of Hwasan ildo-myeon from Dami, private male slave, this official document is made. In order to be used as evidence later, the certificate should be issued.<br /> <br /> <br /> 縣監 [官押]<br /> <br /> Magistrate [of Haenam Prefecture] [Government Signature]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> =='''Discussion Questions'''==<br /> #<br /> #<br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Further Readings'''==<br /> &lt;!--<br /> &lt;div style=&quot;color:#008080;&quot;&gt;<br /> * View together with '''~~'''.<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> --&gt;<br /> *崔承熙, 『韓國古文書硏究』, 知識産業社, 1989. <br /> *法制處, 『古法典用語集』, 育志社, 1981. <br /> *檀國大學校 東洋學硏究所, 『韓國漢字語辭典』, 檀國大學校出版部, 1996. <br /> *장지영, 장세경, 『이두사전』, 정음사, 1983.<br /> <br /> =='''References'''==<br /> &lt;references/&gt;<br /> <br /> =='''Translation'''==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> *Discussion Questions:<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:2018 Hanmun Summer Workshop]]<br /> [[Category: Advanced Translation Group]]</div>

Sanghoon Na http://dh.aks.ac.kr/jsg/index.php?title=(Translation)_%E6%B5%B7%E5%8D%97%E5%B0%B9%E6%B0%8F_%E5%9C%9F%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%B7%E8%B3%A3_%E7%AB%8B%E6%A1%88&diff=15656 2018-08-25T09:26:05Z

<p>Sanghoon Na: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Primary Source Document3<br /> |Image = 1682호비월매토지매매명문등.jpg<br /> |English = Estate Certificate by Haenam Prefecture <br /> |Chinese = [http://archive.aks.ac.kr/imageViewer/ImageViewer.aspx?datauci=G002+AKS+KSM-XD.1683.4682-20101008.B003a_003_00409_001&amp;refuci=G002+AKS+KSM-XD.1683.0000-20101008.B003a_003_00409_003&amp;fname=G002+AKS+KSM-XD.1683.4682-20101008.B003a_003_00409_001-IMG.001.jpg&amp;closed=true 海南尹氏 土地買賣 立案]<br /> |Korean = 해남윤씨 토지매매입안(Haenam Yunssi Tojimaemae Iban)<br /> |Genre = [[Historical Manuscripts]]<br /> |Type = Certificate<br /> |Author = Tami <br /> |Year = 1683<br /> |Key Concepts= bill of sale, petition, certificate, chief slave <br /> |Translator = [[2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced)#Participants | Participants of 2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced Translation Group)]]<br /> |Editor = Sanghoon Na<br /> |Translation Year = 2018<br /> <br /> }}<br /> [[File:Backward.png|right|40px|link=2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced)#Primary Sources for Korean Studies]]<br /> &lt;gallery&gt;<br /> 파일:1683해남현입지.jpg |link=(Translation) 海南尹氏 土地買賣 立案|III-6-1. 1683年 海南縣 立旨 해남현 입지('' Haenamhyeon Ipji'')<br /> 파일:1682호비월매토지매매명문.jpg |link=(Translation) 海南尹氏 土地買賣 立案|III-6-2. 1682年 戶婢 月梅 土地賣買明文 호비 월매 토지매매명문(''Toji-maemae-myeongmun'')<br /> 파일:1683사노담이초사.jpg |link=(Translation) 海南尹氏 土地買賣 立案|III-6-3. 1683년 私奴 淡伊 招辭 사노 담이 초사(''Sano Dami Chosa'')<br /> 파일:1683사노석벽초사.jpg |link=(Translation) 海南尹氏 土地買賣 立案|III-6-4. 1683년 私奴 石碧 招辭 사노 석벽 초사(''Sano Seokbyeong Chosa'')<br /> 파일:1683호비월매입안.jpg |link=(Translation) 海南尹氏 土地買賣 立案|III-6-5. 1683年 戶婢 月梅 立案 호비 월매 입안(''Hobi Wolmae Iban'')<br /> &lt;/gallery&gt;<br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Introduction'''==<br /> <br /> 1683년 해남현(海南縣) 입지(立旨)<br /> <br /> <br /> http://archive.aks.ac.kr/Inspection/insDirView.aspx?dataUCI=G002+AKS+KSM-XD.1683.4682-20101008.B003a_003_00409_001<br /> <br /> <br /> 1682년(肅宗8)에 私奴 淡伊가 幼學 李必晟의 戶婢 月梅에게 畓 9마지기를 放賣하면서 작성한 明文.<br /> <br /> <br /> 주제<br /> 1682년(肅宗8)에 사노 담이가 畓 3마지기를 유학 이필성의 호비 월매에게 正租 10石을 받고 팔면서 써준 明文이다. 正租는 벼를 말한다. 매매 대상인 토지는 花山一道面 大路越員에 있는 若字 畓 3마지기인데, 이는 세 배미[夜味]로 이루어진 9마지기의 일부분으로서, 東邊의 한 배미이며, 卜數로는 10卜 3束이다. 배미[夜味]는 하나의 논두렁으로 구획된 畓 한 개를 헤아릴 때 쓰는 말이다. 따라서 이는 면적의 광협과는 상관이 없는 말이다. 員은 전답이 소재하는 들판을 이른다. 이 명문의 작성에는 畓主 이외에, 證人으로는 사노 石碧이, 證人 및 保人으로는 內奴 處日이, 筆執으로는 진득창이 각각 참여하였다. 內奴는 內需司에 소속된 종이다. 이 명문에는 증인, 보인, 필집이 각각 이 매매의 내용이 진실함을 진술한 招辭가 붙어 있으며, 官에서는 이를 기초로 이듬해인 1683년(肅宗9)에 이 매매 사실을 확인해주는 立案을 발급하였다.<br /> <br /> <br /> 용어<br /> 마지기(斗落只)는 파종량을 기준으로 한 전답의 면적 단위이다. 1마지기는 한 말[斗]의 씨앗을 파종할 수 있는 면적인데, 대개 토질에 따라 그 면적의 크기에 다소 차이가 있다. 卜數는 소출량에 근거한 租稅 單位이며, 負數로도 쓴다. 1負는 타작하기 전의 볏단 한 짐의 분량이다.<br /> <br /> =='''Original Script'''==<br /> <br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; background-color:#ffffff;&quot;<br /> !style=&quot;width:25%;&quot;|Image || style=&quot;width:25%;&quot;|Text || style=&quot;width:50%;&quot;| Translation<br /> |-<br /> | [[File:1683해남현입지.jpg |border|1683해남현입지|400px]]<br /> ||<br /> 花山面居幼學李必晟戶婢月梅<br /> <br /> 右謹陳所志矣段婢矣上典主敎是縣居私奴<br /> <br /> 淡伊處花山一道大路越員若字畓參斗<br /> <br /> 落只庫乙上年分買得未及官斜爲白有等<br /> <br /> 以敢此呼訴爲白去乎依例斜給行下爲白只爲<br /> <br /> 行下向敎是事<br /> <br /> 官司主處分<br /> <br /> 癸亥三月 日所志<br /> <br /> 官[押]<br /> <br /> [題辭]依願斜給向事 初五<br /> ||<br /> (translation)<br /> <br /> 花山面居幼學李必晟戶婢月梅 <br /> <br /> Wolmae, chief female slave of Yi Pilseong who is a scholar&lt;ref&gt; The characters for a scholar are ''yuhak'' 幼學, which literally means a “young learner” who did not pass the civil service examination yet. JaHyun K. Haboush translates it into a “student scholar” (Haboush, ''The Confucian Kingship in Korea'', 90) and Eugene Y. Park renders it into a “degreeless scholars.” (Park, ''Between Dreams and Reality'', 41).&lt;/ref&gt; residing in Hwasan-myeon, <br /> <br /> <br /> 右謹陳所志矣段 婢矣上典主敎是 縣居私奴淡伊處 花山一道 大路越員 若字畓 參斗落只庫乙 上年分買得 未及官斜爲白有等以 敢此呼訴爲白去乎 依例斜給行下爲白只爲 <br /> <br /> The purpose of this petition is as follows: My master bought three ''durakji''&lt;ref&gt; Durakji 斗落只 or ''durak'' 斗落 (''majigi'' in vernacular Korean) is the amount of land on which one mal (18 liters) could be planted as seed. The size of land has varied in different regions. It is approximately 150-300 ''pyeong'' (495-990 square meters) for rice paddies and 100 ''pyeong'' (330 square meters) for dry fields. See James Palais, Confucian Statecraft and Korean Institutions, (Seattle and London: University of Washington Press, 1996), 364.&lt;/ref&gt; of the ''yak'' paddy on Daerowol Plain of Hwasan ildo [-myeon] from the male slave Dami, living in the same prefecture, last year. However, the certificate has not been issued yet, therefore I humbly appeal to you. According to precedent, please grant me the certificate.<br /> <br /> <br /> 行下向敎是事<br /> <br /> Please grant this petition.<br /> <br /> <br /> 官司主處分<br /> <br /> Request for Magistrate’s Approval <br /> <br /> <br /> 癸亥三月日 所志 <br /> <br /> Petition submitted on a certain day&lt;ref&gt; According to Sim Yeong-hwan (Senior Researcher at the Jangseogak Archives of The Academy of Korean Studies), it was usual that the exact date was not filled in because the drafter did not know when the petition would be delivered after it was completed. According to Mun Sukja (Researcher at the SNU Law Research Institute), the documents of the late Joseon period tended to omit the date unlike those of the early- or mid-Joseon period. Mun Sukja, “Reading the Documents of Property Distribution” (lecture, The Academy of Korean Studies, Seongnam, Gyeonggi province, August 22, 2018).&lt;/ref&gt; of the third month of the year ''gyehae'' [1683]<br /> <br /> <br /> (官押)<br /> <br /> [Government Signature]<br /> <br /> <br /> [題辭] 依願斜給向事 初五<br /> <br /> [Official Decision] A certificate is issued according to your wish on the fifth day.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> |-<br /> | [[File:1682호비월매토지매매명문.jpg |border|1682호비월매토지매매명문|400px]]<br /> ||<br /> 康熙貳拾壹年壬戌十二月初八日戶婢月梅處<br /> <br /> 明文<br /> <br /> 右明文爲臥乎事段矣身許多食口連<br /> <br /> 値㐫荒生利爲難乙仍于勢不得已花<br /> <br /> 山一道面大路越員伏在若字畓玖斗落只<br /> <br /> 參夜味內東邊參斗落只壹夜味負數拾<br /> <br /> 負參束庫乙正租拾石以交易依數捧上<br /> <br /> 爲遣同婢處永永放賣爲去乎後此同<br /> <br /> 生子息姪子中生謀雜談爲去等此<br /> <br /> 文記告官卞正事<br /> <br /> 畓主私奴淡伊[左寸]<br /> <br /> 證人同姓姪子私奴石碧[左寸]<br /> <br /> 證保內奴處日[左寸]<br /> <br /> 筆執正兵陳得昌[署押]<br /> ||<br /> (translation)<br /> <br /> III-6. 海南尹氏 土地買賣 立案&lt;ref&gt; An abridged certificate is called ''ipji'' 立旨, while an unabridged one is ''iban'' 立案 (estate certificate of registration). This document was made as a petition at first. Once the petition is ratified by a government office, it became a certificate. Therefore, the same document can be both a petition and a certificate.&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> <br /> 6.1. 康熙貳拾壹年壬戌十二月初八日 戶婢月梅處明文<br /> <br /> The bill of sale&lt;ref&gt; A bill of sale (''myeongmun'' 明文) was given to a buyer when a deal was concluded between two individuals privately before having a government’s warrant.&lt;/ref&gt; to Chief Female Slave Wolmae&lt;ref&gt; Slave Wolmae is carrying out this business for her master Yi Pilseong. The ''yangban'' literati considered it shameful to be involved in business transactions themselves during the Joseon period.&lt;/ref&gt; on the 8th day of the 12th month of the 20th year [1682] of Emperor Kangxi’s reign [1661-1722]<br /> <br /> <br /> 右明文爲臥乎事段 矣身許多食口 連値㐫荒 生利爲難乙仍于 勢不得已 花山一道面 大路越員伏在 若字畓玖斗落只 參夜味內東邊參斗落只 壹夜味負數拾負參束庫乙 正租拾石以交易<br /> <br /> The purpose of this bill of sale is as follows:&lt;ref&gt; The literal translation of this sentence would be “The bill of sale mentioned on the right is as follows.” There are two explanations on the usage of wu 右 (“right”): one is that it refers to the word “bill of sale” 明文 written vertically on the right side. The other is that it suggests the document placed in a ruler’s right side which he was supposed to deal with first. Thus, wu 右 means the present document, which is based on A Clear Distinction of Styles (''Wenti mingbian'' 文體明辨). See Kim Seong-gap, “Joseonsidae myeongmun e gwanhan munseohakjeok yeon-gu 朝鮮時代 明文에 관한 文書學的 硏究,” (Ph.D. Diss., The Graduate School of Korean Studies, 2009), 66-7.&lt;/ref&gt; Since I [Dami] have many people in my family and encountered a series of severe famines, it is difficult to find the means to live on.&lt;ref&gt; This was a typical statement of contracts because it was forbidden for people to sell their inherited lands at their disposal in the Rank Land Law (''gwajeonbeop'' 科田法). However, in the sixth year of King Sejong’s reign, it was allowed in such urgent situations as providing for the funeral and burial of their parents, repaying their outstanding debts, or escaping from the grinding poverty. See Veritable Records of King Sejong, Year 6 (1424), Month 3, Day 23, Entry 3. (available at http://esillok.history.go.kr/front/index.do). Thereafter, people usually started with plausible excuses when they wrote this kind of document.&lt;/ref&gt; In this situation, I have no other choice but to exchange a strip of rice paddy for ten ''seok''&lt;ref&gt; One ''seok'' 石 (''seom'' in vernacular Korean) is approximately 180 liters. &lt;/ref&gt; of unhusked rice. The rice paddy is three ''durakji'' on the east side of three strips of paddy among nine ''durakji'' of the ''yak''&lt;ref&gt; ''Yak'' 若 is the 283rd character in the ''Qianzi wen'' 千字文 (''Thousand Character Classics''), which is used to refer to the location of the land.&lt;/ref&gt; paddy on Daerowol Plain of Hwasan ildo-myeon,&lt;ref&gt; This is located in modern Haenam in South Jeolla province.&lt;/ref&gt; producing ten loads&lt;ref&gt; The character for “load” is bu 負 (“burden”) or bu 卜 (“Korean A-frame carrier”), which is the amount of crop yields that a man could carry on his back with the A-frame carrier.&lt;/ref&gt; and three bundles&lt;ref&gt; The character for “bundle” is ''sok'' 束 (“bind”), which is the amount of rice plants. A handful of rice plants are called one pa 把 (“to grasp”). Ten handfuls (''pa'') of rice plants make one bundle (''sok'').&lt;/ref&gt; of grain. <br /> <br /> <br /> 依數捧上爲遣 同婢處永永放賣爲去乎 後此同生子息姪子中 生謀雜談爲去等 此文記告官卞正事<br /> <br /> I take the amount [of rice] and sell the property to the female slave [Wolmae] in perpetuity. Should there be a dispute at a later date among my siblings and nephews, take this document and report to the authorities for justice in this matter.<br /> <br /> <br /> 畓主 私奴 淡伊 (左寸)<br /> <br /> Paddy Owner: Private Male Slave, Dami [Signature of Left Index Finger Joint]<br /> <br /> <br /> 證人 同姓姪子私奴 石碧 (左寸)<br /> <br /> Witness: Paternal Nephew’s Male Slave, Seokbyeok [Signature of Left Index Finger Joint]<br /> <br /> <br /> 證保 內奴 處日 (左寸)<br /> <br /> Guarantor: Male Slave of the Palace Supply Bureau, Cheo-il [Signature of Left Index Finger Joint]<br /> <br /> <br /> 筆執 正兵 陳得昌 (手決)<br /> <br /> Scribe: Conscript Soldier, Jin Teukchang [Signature]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> |-<br /> | [[File:1683사노담이초사.jpg |border|1683사노담이초사|400px]]<br /> ||<br /> 癸亥三月初八日畓主私奴<br /> <br /> 淡伊年<br /> <br /> 白等矣身亦生利爲難<br /> <br /> 仍于資生次花山一道面大<br /> <br /> 路越員伏在若字畓九<br /> <br /> 斗落只參夜味內東邊<br /> <br /> 三斗落只一夜味庫乙<br /> <br /> 正租十石以折價捧上爲白遣<br /> <br /> 上項幼學李必晟戶婢月<br /> <br /> 梅處永永放賣的實爲白置相<br /> <br /> 考施行<br /> <br /> 白<br /> <br /> 官[押]<br /> ||<br /> (translation)<br /> <br /> 6.3. 招辭 1<br /> <br /> Statement of the Seller<br /> <br /> <br /> 癸亥三月初八日<br /> <br /> On the eighth day of the third month of the year ''gyehye'' [1683]<br /> <br /> <br /> 畓主私奴淡伊年 白等矣身亦 生利爲難仍于 資生次 花山一道面 大路越員伏在 若字畓九斗落只 參夜味內東邊三斗落只 一夜味庫乙 正租十石以 折價捧上爲白遣 上項幼學李必晟戶婢月梅處 永永放賣的實爲白置 相考施行<br /> <br /> I, Dami, as the paddy owner and private male slave aged ,&lt;ref&gt; His age is not recorded in the original text. The space for Dami’s age is not filled in.&lt;/ref&gt; state that I had a hard time making a living and so, in order to survive, I set the price of a strip of paddy which is three ''durakji'' on the east side of three strips of paddy among nine ''durakji'' of the ''yak'' paddy on Daerowol Plain of Hwasan ildo-myeon. Ten ''seok'' of unhusked rice was the set price and I accepted the amount. It is certainly true that the property was sold in perpetuity to Wolmae, chief female slave of the above-mentioned scholar Yi Pilseong. Please consider this and certify it.<br /> <br /> <br /> 官(押)<br /> <br /> Government Office [Signature]<br /> <br /> <br /> |-<br /> | [[File:1683사노석벽초사.jpg |border|1683사노석벽초사|400px]]<br /> ||<br /> 同日 證人私奴石碧年<br /> <br /> 證保內奴處日年<br /> <br /> 筆執正兵陳得昌年<br /> <br /> 白等奴淡伊亦生利爲難其矣<br /> <br /> 畓庫是在花山一道面大路越員伏<br /> <br /> 在若字畓三斗落只一夜味庫乙<br /> <br /> 價正租拾石以交易捧上爲遣<br /> <br /> 前項幼學李必晟戶婢月梅<br /> <br /> 處永永放賣時叅訂的實<br /> <br /> 爲白置相考施行<br /> <br /> 白[左寸]<br /> <br /> 白[左寸]<br /> <br /> 白[左寸]<br /> <br /> 白[署押]<br /> <br /> 官[押]<br /> <br /> ||<br /> (translation)<br /> <br /> 6.4. 招辭 2<br /> <br /> Statement of the Witness, the Guarantor, and the Scribe <br /> <br /> <br /> 同日 證人私奴石碧年 證保內奴處日年 筆執正兵陳得昌年 白等奴淡伊亦生利爲難 其矣畓庫是在 花山一道面 大路越員伏在 若字畓三斗落只 一夜味庫乙 價正租拾石 以交易捧上爲遣 前項幼學李必晟戶婢月梅處 永永放賣時 叅訂的實爲白置 相考施行<br /> <br /> On the same day, Witness Seokbyeok aged ,&lt;ref&gt; His age is not recorded in the original text. The space for Seokbyeok’s age is not filled in. &lt;/ref&gt; who is a private slave, Guarantor Cheo-il aged , who is a slave of the Palace Supply Bureau, and Scribe Jin Deukchang aged , who is a conscript soldier, state that Tami, a male slave, had a hard time making a living. [Thus,] he exchanged a strip of rice paddy for ten ''seok'' of unhusked rice. The rice paddy is three ''durakji'' in the ''yak''&lt;ref&gt; ''Yak'' 若 is the 283rd character in the ''Qianzi wen'' 千字文 (''Thousand Character Classics''), which is used to refer to the location of the land.&lt;/ref&gt; paddy on Daerowol Plain of Hwasan ildo-myeon. It is affirmed that the property was sold in perpetuity to Wolmae, chief female slave in the previously mentioned scholar Yi Pilseong’s house. Please consider this and certify it.<br /> <br /> <br /> 白 [左寸]<br /> <br /> Witness [Signature of Left Index Finger Joint]<br /> <br /> <br /> 白 [左寸]<br /> <br /> Witness [Signature of Left Index Finger Joint]<br /> <br /> <br /> 白 [左寸]<br /> <br /> Witness [Signature of Left Index Finger Joint]<br /> <br /> <br /> 白 [署押]<br /> <br /> Witness [Signature]<br /> <br /> <br /> 官 [押]<br /> <br /> Government Office [Signature]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> |-<br /> | [[File:1683호비월매입안.jpg |border|1683호비월매입안|400px]]<br /> ||<br /> 康熙二十二年三月日海南縣立案<br /> <br /> 右立案爲後考事粘連詳狀據<br /> <br /> 叅訂各人等招辭是置有亦上項<br /> <br /> 幼學李必晟戶婢月梅亦私奴<br /> <br /> 淡伊處花山一道面大道越員伏<br /> <br /> 在若字畓三斗落只庫乙買得<br /> <br /> 的實爲乎等以葉作官上爲<br /> <br /> 遣以憑後考次合行立案者<br /> <br /> 縣監[管押]<br /> ||<br /> (translation)<br /> <br /> 6.5. 康熙二十二年三月日海南縣立案<br /> <br /> Certificate issued by Haenam Prefecture on a certain day of the third month of the 24th year [1684] of Emperor Kangxi’s reign [1661-1722]<br /> <br /> <br /> 右立案爲後考事 粘連詳狀據<br /> <br /> This certificate is made to testify to this matter later based upon the attached documents with all the details. <br /> <br /> <br /> 叅訂各人等 招辭是置有亦 上項幼學李必晟戶婢月梅亦 私奴淡伊處 花山一道面 大道越員伏在 若字畓三斗落只庫乙買得 的實爲乎等 以葉作官上爲遣 以憑後考次 合行立案者<br /> <br /> Since each of the witnesses made a statement that it was certainly true for Wolmae, chief female slave of the previously mentioned scholar Yi Pilseong, to have bought three ''durakji'' of the ''yak'' paddy on Daerowol Plain of Hwasan ildo-myeon from Dami, private male slave, this official document is made. In order to be used as evidence later, the certificate should be issued.<br /> <br /> <br /> 縣監 [官押]<br /> <br /> Magistrate [of Haenam Prefecture] [Government Signature]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> =='''Discussion Questions'''==<br /> #<br /> #<br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Further Readings'''==<br /> &lt;!--<br /> &lt;div style=&quot;color:#008080;&quot;&gt;<br /> * View together with '''~~'''.<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> --&gt;<br /> *崔承熙, 『韓國古文書硏究』, 知識産業社, 1989. <br /> *法制處, 『古法典用語集』, 育志社, 1981. <br /> *檀國大學校 東洋學硏究所, 『韓國漢字語辭典』, 檀國大學校出版部, 1996. <br /> *장지영, 장세경, 『이두사전』, 정음사, 1983.<br /> <br /> =='''References'''==<br /> &lt;references/&gt;<br /> <br /> =='''Translation'''==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> *Discussion Questions:<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:2018 Hanmun Summer Workshop]]<br /> [[Category: Advanced Translation Group]]</div>

Sanghoon Na http://dh.aks.ac.kr/jsg/index.php?title=(Translation)_%E6%B5%B7%E5%8D%97%E5%B0%B9%E6%B0%8F_%E5%9C%9F%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%B7%E8%B3%A3_%E7%AB%8B%E6%A1%88&diff=15655 2018-08-25T09:25:03Z

<p>Sanghoon Na: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Primary Source Document3<br /> |Image = 1682호비월매토지매매명문등.jpg<br /> |English = Estate Certificate by Haenam Prefecture <br /> |Chinese = [http://archive.aks.ac.kr/imageViewer/ImageViewer.aspx?datauci=G002+AKS+KSM-XD.1683.4682-20101008.B003a_003_00409_001&amp;refuci=G002+AKS+KSM-XD.1683.0000-20101008.B003a_003_00409_003&amp;fname=G002+AKS+KSM-XD.1683.4682-20101008.B003a_003_00409_001-IMG.001.jpg&amp;closed=true 海南尹氏 土地買賣 立案]<br /> |Korean = 해남윤씨 토지매매입안(Haenam Yunssi Tojimaemae Iban)<br /> |Genre = [[Historical Manuscripts]]<br /> |Type = Certificate<br /> |Author = Tami <br /> |Year = 1683<br /> |Key Concepts= bill of sale, petition, certificate, chief slave <br /> |Translator = [[2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced)#Participants | Participants of 2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced Translation Group)]]<br /> |Editor = Sanghoon Na<br /> |Translation Year = 2018<br /> <br /> }}<br /> [[File:Backward.png|right|40px|link=2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced)#Primary Sources for Korean Studies]]<br /> &lt;gallery&gt;<br /> 파일:1683해남현입지.jpg |link=(Translation) 海南尹氏 土地買賣 立案|III-6-1. 1683年 海南縣 立旨 해남현 입지('' Haenamhyeon Ipji'')<br /> 파일:1682호비월매토지매매명문.jpg |link=(Translation) 海南尹氏 土地買賣 立案|III-6-2. 1682年 戶婢 月梅 土地賣買明文 호비 월매 토지매매명문(''Toji-maemae-myeongmun'')<br /> 파일:1683사노담이초사.jpg |link=(Translation) 海南尹氏 土地買賣 立案|III-6-3. 1683년 私奴 淡伊 招辭 사노 담이 초사(''Sano Dami Chosa'')<br /> 파일:1683사노석벽초사.jpg |link=(Translation) 海南尹氏 土地買賣 立案|III-6-4. 1683년 私奴 石碧 招辭 사노 석벽 초사(''Sano Seokbyeong Chosa'')<br /> 파일:1683호비월매입안.jpg |link=(Translation) 海南尹氏 土地買賣 立案|III-6-5. 1683年 戶婢 月梅 立案 호비 월매 입안(''Hobi Wolmae Iban'')<br /> &lt;/gallery&gt;<br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Introduction'''==<br /> <br /> 1683년 해남현(海南縣) 입지(立旨)<br /> <br /> <br /> http://archive.aks.ac.kr/Inspection/insDirView.aspx?dataUCI=G002+AKS+KSM-XD.1683.4682-20101008.B003a_003_00409_001<br /> <br /> <br /> 1682년(肅宗8)에 私奴 淡伊가 幼學 李必晟의 戶婢 月梅에게 畓 9마지기를 放賣하면서 작성한 明文.<br /> <br /> <br /> 주제<br /> 1682년(肅宗8)에 사노 담이가 畓 3마지기를 유학 이필성의 호비 월매에게 正租 10石을 받고 팔면서 써준 明文이다. 正租는 벼를 말한다. 매매 대상인 토지는 花山一道面 大路越員에 있는 若字 畓 3마지기인데, 이는 세 배미[夜味]로 이루어진 9마지기의 일부분으로서, 東邊의 한 배미이며, 卜數로는 10卜 3束이다. 배미[夜味]는 하나의 논두렁으로 구획된 畓 한 개를 헤아릴 때 쓰는 말이다. 따라서 이는 면적의 광협과는 상관이 없는 말이다. 員은 전답이 소재하는 들판을 이른다. 이 명문의 작성에는 畓主 이외에, 證人으로는 사노 石碧이, 證人 및 保人으로는 內奴 處日이, 筆執으로는 진득창이 각각 참여하였다. 內奴는 內需司에 소속된 종이다. 이 명문에는 증인, 보인, 필집이 각각 이 매매의 내용이 진실함을 진술한 招辭가 붙어 있으며, 官에서는 이를 기초로 이듬해인 1683년(肅宗9)에 이 매매 사실을 확인해주는 立案을 발급하였다.<br /> <br /> <br /> 용어<br /> 마지기(斗落只)는 파종량을 기준으로 한 전답의 면적 단위이다. 1마지기는 한 말[斗]의 씨앗을 파종할 수 있는 면적인데, 대개 토질에 따라 그 면적의 크기에 다소 차이가 있다. 卜數는 소출량에 근거한 租稅 單位이며, 負數로도 쓴다. 1負는 타작하기 전의 볏단 한 짐의 분량이다.<br /> <br /> =='''Original Script'''==<br /> <br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; background-color:#ffffff;&quot;<br /> !style=&quot;width:25%;&quot;|Image || style=&quot;width:25%;&quot;|Text || style=&quot;width:50%;&quot;| Translation<br /> |-<br /> | [[File:1683해남현입지.jpg |border|1683해남현입지|400px]]<br /> ||<br /> 花山面居幼學李必晟戶婢月梅<br /> <br /> 右謹陳所志矣段婢矣上典主敎是縣居私奴<br /> <br /> 淡伊處花山一道大路越員若字畓參斗<br /> <br /> 落只庫乙上年分買得未及官斜爲白有等<br /> <br /> 以敢此呼訴爲白去乎依例斜給行下爲白只爲<br /> <br /> 行下向敎是事<br /> <br /> 官司主處分<br /> <br /> 癸亥三月 日所志<br /> <br /> 官[押]<br /> <br /> [題辭]依願斜給向事 初五<br /> ||<br /> (translation)<br /> <br /> 花山面居幼學李必晟戶婢月梅 <br /> <br /> Wolmae, chief female slave of Yi Pilseong who is a scholar&lt;ref&gt; The characters for a scholar are ''yuhak'' 幼學, which literally means a “young learner” who did not pass the civil service examination yet. JaHyun K. Haboush translates it into a “student scholar” (Haboush, ''The Confucian Kingship in Korea'', 90) and Eugene Y. Park renders it into a “degreeless scholars.” (Park, ''Between Dreams and Reality'', 41).&lt;/ref&gt; residing in Hwasan-myeon, <br /> <br /> <br /> 右謹陳所志矣段 婢矣上典主敎是 縣居私奴淡伊處 花山一道 大路越員 若字畓 參斗落只庫乙 上年分買得 未及官斜爲白有等以 敢此呼訴爲白去乎 依例斜給行下爲白只爲 <br /> <br /> The purpose of this petition is as follows: My master bought three ''durakji''&lt;ref&gt; Durakji 斗落只 or ''durak'' 斗落 (''majigi'' in vernacular Korean) is the amount of land on which one mal (18 liters) could be planted as seed. The size of land has varied in different regions. It is approximately 150-300 ''pyeong'' (495-990 square meters) for rice paddies and 100 ''pyeong'' (330 square meters) for dry fields. See James Palais, Confucian Statecraft and Korean Institutions, (Seattle and London: University of Washington Press, 1996), 364.&lt;/ref&gt; of the ''yak'' paddy on Daerowol Plain of Hwasan ildo [-myeon] from the male slave Dami, living in the same prefecture, last year. However, the certificate has not been issued yet, therefore I humbly appeal to you. According to precedent, please grant me the certificate.<br /> <br /> <br /> 行下向敎是事<br /> <br /> Please grant this petition.<br /> <br /> <br /> 官司主處分<br /> <br /> Request for Magistrate’s Approval <br /> <br /> <br /> 癸亥三月日 所志 <br /> <br /> Petition submitted on a certain day&lt;ref&gt; According to Sim Yeong-hwan (Senior Researcher at the Jangseogak Archives of The Academy of Korean Studies), it was usual that the exact date was not filled in because the drafter did not know when the petition would be delivered after it was completed. According to Mun Sukja (Researcher at the SNU Law Research Institute), the documents of the late Joseon period tended to omit the date unlike those of the early- or mid-Joseon period. Mun Sukja, “Reading the Documents of Property Distribution” (lecture, The Academy of Korean Studies, Seongnam, Gyeonggi province, August 22, 2018).&lt;/ref&gt; of the third month of the year ''gyehae'' [1683]<br /> <br /> <br /> (官押)<br /> <br /> [Government Signature]<br /> <br /> <br /> [題辭] 依願斜給向事 初五<br /> <br /> [Official Decision] A certificate is issued according to your wish on the fifth day.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> |-<br /> | [[File:1682호비월매토지매매명문.jpg |border|1682호비월매토지매매명문|400px]]<br /> ||<br /> 康熙貳拾壹年壬戌十二月初八日戶婢月梅處<br /> <br /> 明文<br /> <br /> 右明文爲臥乎事段矣身許多食口連<br /> <br /> 値㐫荒生利爲難乙仍于勢不得已花<br /> <br /> 山一道面大路越員伏在若字畓玖斗落只<br /> <br /> 參夜味內東邊參斗落只壹夜味負數拾<br /> <br /> 負參束庫乙正租拾石以交易依數捧上<br /> <br /> 爲遣同婢處永永放賣爲去乎後此同<br /> <br /> 生子息姪子中生謀雜談爲去等此<br /> <br /> 文記告官卞正事<br /> <br /> 畓主私奴淡伊[左寸]<br /> <br /> 證人同姓姪子私奴石碧[左寸]<br /> <br /> 證保內奴處日[左寸]<br /> <br /> 筆執正兵陳得昌[署押]<br /> ||<br /> (translation)<br /> <br /> III-6. 海南尹氏 土地買賣 立案&lt;ref&gt; An abridged certificate is called ''ipji'' 立旨, while an unabridged one is ''iban'' 立案 (estate certificate of registration). This document was made as a petition at first. Once the petition is ratified by a government office, it became a certificate. Therefore, the same document can be both a petition and a certificate.&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> <br /> 6.1. 康熙貳拾壹年壬戌十二月初八日 戶婢月梅處明文<br /> <br /> The bill of sale&lt;ref&gt; A bill of sale (''myeongmun'' 明文) was given to a buyer when a deal was concluded between two individuals privately before having a government’s warrant.&lt;/ref&gt; to Chief Female Slave Wolmae&lt;ref&gt; Slave Wolmae is carrying out this business for her master Yi Pilseong. The ''yangban'' literati considered it shameful to be involved in business transactions themselves during the Joseon period.&lt;/ref&gt; on the 8th day of the 12th month of the 20th year [1682] of Emperor Kangxi’s reign [1661-1722]<br /> <br /> <br /> 右明文爲臥乎事段 矣身許多食口 連値㐫荒 生利爲難乙仍于 勢不得已 花山一道面 大路越員伏在 若字畓玖斗落只 參夜味內東邊參斗落只 壹夜味負數拾負參束庫乙 正租拾石以交易<br /> <br /> The purpose of this bill of sale is as follows:&lt;ref&gt; The literal translation of this sentence would be “The bill of sale mentioned on the right is as follows.” There are two explanations on the usage of wu 右 (“right”): one is that it refers to the word “bill of sale” 明文 written vertically on the right side. The other is that it suggests the document placed in a ruler’s right side which he was supposed to deal with first. Thus, wu 右 means the present document, which is based on A Clear Distinction of Styles (''Wenti mingbian'' 文體明辨). See Kim Seong-gap, “Joseonsidae myeongmun e gwanhan munseohakjeok yeon-gu 朝鮮時代 明文에 관한 文書學的 硏究,” (Ph.D. Diss., The Graduate School of Korean Studies, 2009), 66-7.&lt;/ref&gt; Since I [Dami] have many people in my family and encountered a series of severe famines, it is difficult to find the means to live on.&lt;ref&gt; This was a typical statement of contracts because it was forbidden for people to sell their inherited lands at their disposal in the Rank Land Law (''gwajeonbeop'' 科田法). However, in the sixth year of King Sejong’s reign, it was allowed in such urgent situations as providing for the funeral and burial of their parents, repaying their outstanding debts, or escaping from the grinding poverty. See Veritable Records of King Sejong, Year 6 (1424), Month 3, Day 23, Entry 3. (available at http://esillok.history.go.kr/front/index.do). Thereafter, people usually started with plausible excuses when they wrote this kind of document.&lt;/ref&gt; In this situation, I have no other choice but to exchange a strip of rice paddy for ten ''seok''&lt;ref&gt; One ''seok'' 石 (''seom'' in vernacular Korean) is approximately 180 liters. &lt;/ref&gt; of unhusked rice. The rice paddy is three ''durakji'' on the east side of three strips of paddy among nine ''durakji'' of the ''yak''&lt;ref&gt; ''Yak'' 若 is the 283rd character in the ''Qianzi wen'' 千字文 (''Thousand Character Classics''), which is used to refer to the location of the land.&lt;/ref&gt; paddy on Daerowol Plain of Hwasan ildo-myeon,&lt;ref&gt; This is located in modern Haenam in South Jeolla province.&lt;/ref&gt; producing ten loads&lt;ref&gt; The character for “load” is bu 負 (“burden”) or bu 卜 (“Korean A-frame carrier”), which is the amount of crop yields that a man could carry on his back with the A-frame carrier.&lt;/ref&gt; and three bundles&lt;ref&gt; The character for “bundle” is ''sok'' 束 (“bind”), which is the amount of rice plants. A handful of rice plants are called one pa 把 (“to grasp”). Ten handfuls (''pa'') of rice plants make one bundle (''sok'').&lt;/ref&gt; of grain. <br /> <br /> <br /> 依數捧上爲遣 同婢處永永放賣爲去乎 後此同生子息姪子中 生謀雜談爲去等 此文記告官卞正事<br /> <br /> I take the amount [of rice] and sell the property to the female slave [Wolmae] in perpetuity. Should there be a dispute at a later date among my siblings and nephews, take this document and report to the authorities for justice in this matter.<br /> <br /> <br /> 畓主 私奴 淡伊 (左寸)<br /> <br /> Paddy Owner: Private Male Slave, Dami [Signature of Left Index Finger Joint]<br /> <br /> <br /> 證人 同姓姪子私奴 石碧 (左寸)<br /> <br /> Witness: Paternal Nephew’s Male Slave, Seokbyeok [Signature of Left Index Finger Joint]<br /> <br /> <br /> 證保 內奴 處日 (左寸)<br /> <br /> Guarantor: Male Slave of the Palace Supply Bureau, Cheo-il [Signature of Left Index Finger Joint]<br /> <br /> <br /> 筆執 正兵 陳得昌 (手決)<br /> <br /> Scribe: Conscript Soldier, Jin Teukchang [Signature]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> |-<br /> | [[File:1683사노담이초사.jpg |border|1683사노담이초사|400px]]<br /> ||<br /> 癸亥三月初八日畓主私奴<br /> <br /> 淡伊年<br /> <br /> 白等矣身亦生利爲難<br /> <br /> 仍于資生次花山一道面大<br /> <br /> 路越員伏在若字畓九<br /> <br /> 斗落只參夜味內東邊<br /> <br /> 三斗落只一夜味庫乙<br /> <br /> 正租十石以折價捧上爲白遣<br /> <br /> 上項幼學李必晟戶婢月<br /> <br /> 梅處永永放賣的實爲白置相<br /> <br /> 考施行<br /> <br /> 白<br /> <br /> 官[押]<br /> ||<br /> (translation)<br /> <br /> 6.3. 招辭 1<br /> <br /> Statement of the Seller<br /> <br /> <br /> 癸亥三月初八日<br /> <br /> On the eighth day of the third month of the year ''gyehye'' [1683]<br /> <br /> <br /> 畓主私奴淡伊年 白等矣身亦 生利爲難仍于 資生次 花山一道面 大路越員伏在 若字畓九斗落只 參夜味內東邊三斗落只 一夜味庫乙 正租十石以 折價捧上爲白遣 上項幼學李必晟戶婢月梅處 永永放賣的實爲白置 相考施行<br /> <br /> I, Dami, as the paddy owner and private male slave aged ,&lt;ref&gt; His age is not recorded in the original text. The space for Dami’s age is not filled in.&lt;/ref&gt; state that I had a hard time making a living and so, in order to survive, I set the price of a strip of paddy which is three ''durakji'' on the east side of three strips of paddy among nine ''durakji'' of the ''yak'' paddy on Daerowol Plain of Hwasan ildo-myeon. Ten ''seok'' of unhusked rice was the set price and I accepted the amount. It is certainly true that the property was sold in perpetuity to Wolmae, chief female slave of the above-mentioned scholar Yi Pilseong. Please consider this and certify it.<br /> <br /> <br /> 官(押)<br /> <br /> Government Office [Signature]<br /> <br /> <br /> |-<br /> | [[File:1683사노석벽초사.jpg |border|1683사노석벽초사|400px]]<br /> ||<br /> 同日 證人私奴石碧年<br /> <br /> 證保內奴處日年<br /> <br /> 筆執正兵陳得昌年<br /> <br /> 白等奴淡伊亦生利爲難其矣<br /> <br /> 畓庫是在花山一道面大路越員伏<br /> <br /> 在若字畓三斗落只一夜味庫乙<br /> <br /> 價正租拾石以交易捧上爲遣<br /> <br /> 前項幼學李必晟戶婢月梅<br /> <br /> 處永永放賣時叅訂的實<br /> <br /> 爲白置相考施行<br /> <br /> 白[左寸]<br /> <br /> 白[左寸]<br /> <br /> 白[左寸]<br /> <br /> 白[署押]<br /> <br /> 官[押]<br /> <br /> ||<br /> (translation)<br /> <br /> 6.4. 招辭 2<br /> <br /> Statement of the Witness, the Guarantor, and the Scribe <br /> <br /> <br /> 同日 證人私奴石碧年 證保內奴處日年 筆執正兵陳得昌年 白等奴淡伊亦生利爲難 其矣畓庫是在 花山一道面 大路越員伏在 若字畓三斗落只 一夜味庫乙 價正租拾石 以交易捧上爲遣 前項幼學李必晟戶婢月梅處 永永放賣時 叅訂的實爲白置 相考施行<br /> <br /> On the same day, Witness Seokbyeok aged ,&lt;ref&gt; His age is not recorded in the original text. The space for Seokbyeok’s age is not filled in. &lt;/ref&gt; who is a private slave, Guarantor Cheo-il aged , who is a slave of the Palace Supply Bureau, and Scribe Jin Deukchang aged , who is a conscript soldier, state that Tami, a male slave, had a hard time making a living. [Thus,] he exchanged a strip of rice paddy for ten ''seok'' of unhusked rice. The rice paddy is three ''durakji'' in the ''yak''&lt;ref&gt; ''Yak'' 若 is the 283rd character in the ''Qianzi wen'' 千字文 (''Thousand Character Classics''), which is used to refer to the location of the land.&lt;/ref&gt; paddy on Daerowol Plain of Hwasan ildo-myeon. It is affirmed that the property was sold in perpetuity to Wolmae, chief female slave in the previously mentioned scholar Yi Pilseong’s house. Please consider this and certify it.<br /> <br /> <br /> 白 [左寸]<br /> <br /> Witness [Signature of Left Index Finger Joint]<br /> <br /> <br /> 白 [左寸]<br /> <br /> Witness [Signature of Left Index Finger Joint]<br /> <br /> <br /> 白 [左寸]<br /> <br /> Witness [Signature of Left Index Finger Joint]<br /> <br /> <br /> 白 [署押]<br /> <br /> Witness [Signature]<br /> <br /> <br /> 官 [押]<br /> <br /> Government Office [Signature]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> |-<br /> | [[File:1683호비월매입안.jpg |border|1683호비월매입안|400px]]<br /> ||<br /> 康熙二十二年三月日海南縣立案<br /> <br /> 右立案爲後考事粘連詳狀據<br /> <br /> 叅訂各人等招辭是置有亦上項<br /> <br /> 幼學李必晟戶婢月梅亦私奴<br /> <br /> 淡伊處花山一道面大道越員伏<br /> <br /> 在若字畓三斗落只庫乙買得<br /> <br /> 的實爲乎等以葉作官上爲<br /> <br /> 遣以憑後考次合行立案者<br /> <br /> 縣監[管押]<br /> ||<br /> (translation)<br /> <br /> 6.5. 康熙二十二年三月日海南縣立案<br /> <br /> Certificate issued by Haenam Prefecture on a certain day of the third month of the 24th year [1684] of Emperor Kangxi’s reign [1661-1722]<br /> <br /> <br /> 右立案爲後考事 粘連詳狀據<br /> <br /> This certificate is made to testify to this matter later based upon the attached documents with all the details. <br /> <br /> <br /> 叅訂各人等 招辭是置有亦 上項幼學李必晟戶婢月梅亦 私奴淡伊處 花山一道面 大道越員伏在 若字畓三斗落只庫乙買得 的實爲乎等 以葉作官上爲遣 以憑後考次 合行立案者<br /> <br /> Since each of the witnesses made a statement that it was certainly true for Wolmae, chief female slave of the previously mentioned scholar Yi Pilseong, to have bought three ''durakji'' of the yak paddy on Daerowol Plain of Hwasan ildo-myeon from Dami, private male slave, this official document is made. In order to be used as evidence later, the certificate should be issued.<br /> <br /> <br /> 縣監 [官押]<br /> <br /> Magistrate [of Haenam Prefecture] [Government Signature]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> =='''Discussion Questions'''==<br /> #<br /> #<br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Further Readings'''==<br /> &lt;!--<br /> &lt;div style=&quot;color:#008080;&quot;&gt;<br /> * View together with '''~~'''.<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> --&gt;<br /> *崔承熙, 『韓國古文書硏究』, 知識産業社, 1989. <br /> *法制處, 『古法典用語集』, 育志社, 1981. <br /> *檀國大學校 東洋學硏究所, 『韓國漢字語辭典』, 檀國大學校出版部, 1996. <br /> *장지영, 장세경, 『이두사전』, 정음사, 1983.<br /> <br /> =='''References'''==<br /> &lt;references/&gt;<br /> <br /> =='''Translation'''==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> *Discussion Questions:<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:2018 Hanmun Summer Workshop]]<br /> [[Category: Advanced Translation Group]]</div>

Sanghoon Na http://dh.aks.ac.kr/jsg/index.php?title=(Translation)_%E6%B5%B7%E5%8D%97%E5%B0%B9%E6%B0%8F_%E5%9C%9F%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%B7%E8%B3%A3_%E7%AB%8B%E6%A1%88&diff=15654 2018-08-25T09:22:41Z

<p>Sanghoon Na: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Primary Source Document3<br /> |Image = 1682호비월매토지매매명문등.jpg<br /> |English = Estate Certificate by Haenam Prefecture <br /> |Chinese = [http://archive.aks.ac.kr/imageViewer/ImageViewer.aspx?datauci=G002+AKS+KSM-XD.1683.4682-20101008.B003a_003_00409_001&amp;refuci=G002+AKS+KSM-XD.1683.0000-20101008.B003a_003_00409_003&amp;fname=G002+AKS+KSM-XD.1683.4682-20101008.B003a_003_00409_001-IMG.001.jpg&amp;closed=true 海南尹氏 土地買賣 立案]<br /> |Korean = 해남윤씨 토지매매입안(Haenam Yunssi Tojimaemae Iban)<br /> |Genre = [[Historical Manuscripts]]<br /> |Type = Certificate<br /> |Author = Tami <br /> |Year = 1683<br /> |Key Concepts= bill of sale, petition, certificate, chief slave <br /> |Translator = [[2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced)#Participants | Participants of 2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced Translation Group)]]<br /> |Editor = Sanghoon Na<br /> |Translation Year = 2018<br /> <br /> }}<br /> [[File:Backward.png|right|40px|link=2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced)#Primary Sources for Korean Studies]]<br /> &lt;gallery&gt;<br /> 파일:1683해남현입지.jpg |link=(Translation) 海南尹氏 土地買賣 立案|III-6-1. 1683年 海南縣 立旨 해남현 입지('' Haenamhyeon Ipji'')<br /> 파일:1682호비월매토지매매명문.jpg |link=(Translation) 海南尹氏 土地買賣 立案|III-6-2. 1682年 戶婢 月梅 土地賣買明文 호비 월매 토지매매명문(''Toji-maemae-myeongmun'')<br /> 파일:1683사노담이초사.jpg |link=(Translation) 海南尹氏 土地買賣 立案|III-6-3. 1683년 私奴 淡伊 招辭 사노 담이 초사(''Sano Dami Chosa'')<br /> 파일:1683사노석벽초사.jpg |link=(Translation) 海南尹氏 土地買賣 立案|III-6-4. 1683년 私奴 石碧 招辭 사노 석벽 초사(''Sano Seokbyeong Chosa'')<br /> 파일:1683호비월매입안.jpg |link=(Translation) 海南尹氏 土地買賣 立案|III-6-5. 1683年 戶婢 月梅 立案 호비 월매 입안(''Hobi Wolmae Iban'')<br /> &lt;/gallery&gt;<br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Introduction'''==<br /> <br /> 1683년 해남현(海南縣) 입지(立旨)<br /> <br /> <br /> http://archive.aks.ac.kr/Inspection/insDirView.aspx?dataUCI=G002+AKS+KSM-XD.1683.4682-20101008.B003a_003_00409_001<br /> <br /> <br /> 1682년(肅宗8)에 私奴 淡伊가 幼學 李必晟의 戶婢 月梅에게 畓 9마지기를 放賣하면서 작성한 明文.<br /> <br /> <br /> 주제<br /> 1682년(肅宗8)에 사노 담이가 畓 3마지기를 유학 이필성의 호비 월매에게 正租 10石을 받고 팔면서 써준 明文이다. 正租는 벼를 말한다. 매매 대상인 토지는 花山一道面 大路越員에 있는 若字 畓 3마지기인데, 이는 세 배미[夜味]로 이루어진 9마지기의 일부분으로서, 東邊의 한 배미이며, 卜數로는 10卜 3束이다. 배미[夜味]는 하나의 논두렁으로 구획된 畓 한 개를 헤아릴 때 쓰는 말이다. 따라서 이는 면적의 광협과는 상관이 없는 말이다. 員은 전답이 소재하는 들판을 이른다. 이 명문의 작성에는 畓主 이외에, 證人으로는 사노 石碧이, 證人 및 保人으로는 內奴 處日이, 筆執으로는 진득창이 각각 참여하였다. 內奴는 內需司에 소속된 종이다. 이 명문에는 증인, 보인, 필집이 각각 이 매매의 내용이 진실함을 진술한 招辭가 붙어 있으며, 官에서는 이를 기초로 이듬해인 1683년(肅宗9)에 이 매매 사실을 확인해주는 立案을 발급하였다.<br /> <br /> <br /> 용어<br /> 마지기(斗落只)는 파종량을 기준으로 한 전답의 면적 단위이다. 1마지기는 한 말[斗]의 씨앗을 파종할 수 있는 면적인데, 대개 토질에 따라 그 면적의 크기에 다소 차이가 있다. 卜數는 소출량에 근거한 租稅 單位이며, 負數로도 쓴다. 1負는 타작하기 전의 볏단 한 짐의 분량이다.<br /> <br /> =='''Original Script'''==<br /> <br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; background-color:#ffffff;&quot;<br /> !style=&quot;width:25%;&quot;|Image || style=&quot;width:25%;&quot;|Text || style=&quot;width:50%;&quot;| Translation<br /> |-<br /> | [[File:1683해남현입지.jpg |border|1683해남현입지|400px]]<br /> ||<br /> 花山面居幼學李必晟戶婢月梅<br /> <br /> 右謹陳所志矣段婢矣上典主敎是縣居私奴<br /> <br /> 淡伊處花山一道大路越員若字畓參斗<br /> <br /> 落只庫乙上年分買得未及官斜爲白有等<br /> <br /> 以敢此呼訴爲白去乎依例斜給行下爲白只爲<br /> <br /> 行下向敎是事<br /> <br /> 官司主處分<br /> <br /> 癸亥三月 日所志<br /> <br /> 官[押]<br /> <br /> [題辭]依願斜給向事 初五<br /> ||<br /> (translation)<br /> <br /> 花山面居幼學李必晟戶婢月梅 <br /> <br /> Wolmae, chief female slave of Yi Pilseong who is a scholar&lt;ref&gt; The characters for a scholar are ''yuhak'' 幼學, which literally means a “young learner” who did not pass the civil service examination yet. JaHyun K. Haboush translates it into a “student scholar” (Haboush, ''The Confucian Kingship in Korea'', 90) and Eugene Y. Park renders it into a “degreeless scholars.” (Park, ''Between Dreams and Reality'', 41).&lt;/ref&gt; residing in Hwasan-myeon, <br /> <br /> <br /> 右謹陳所志矣段 婢矣上典主敎是 縣居私奴淡伊處 花山一道 大路越員 若字畓 參斗落只庫乙 上年分買得 未及官斜爲白有等以 敢此呼訴爲白去乎 依例斜給行下爲白只爲 <br /> <br /> The purpose of this petition is as follows: My master bought three ''durakji''&lt;ref&gt; Durakji 斗落只 or ''durak'' 斗落 (''majigi'' in vernacular Korean) is the amount of land on which one mal (18 liters) could be planted as seed. The size of land has varied in different regions. It is approximately 150-300 ''pyeong'' (495-990 square meters) for rice paddies and 100 ''pyeong'' (330 square meters) for dry fields. See James Palais, Confucian Statecraft and Korean Institutions, (Seattle and London: University of Washington Press, 1996), 364.&lt;/ref&gt; of the yak paddy on Daerowol Plain of Hwasan ildo [-myeon] from the male slave Dami, living in the same prefecture, last year. However, the certificate has not been issued yet, therefore I humbly appeal to you. According to precedent, please grant me the certificate.<br /> <br /> <br /> 行下向敎是事<br /> <br /> Please grant this petition.<br /> <br /> <br /> 官司主處分<br /> <br /> Request for Magistrate’s Approval <br /> <br /> <br /> 癸亥三月日 所志 <br /> <br /> Petition submitted on a certain day&lt;ref&gt; According to Sim Yeong-hwan (Senior Researcher at the Jangseogak Archives of The Academy of Korean Studies), it was usual that the exact date was not filled in because the drafter did not know when the petition would be delivered after it was completed. According to Mun Sukja (Researcher at the SNU Law Research Institute), the documents of the late Joseon period tended to omit the date unlike those of the early- or mid-Joseon period. Mun Sukja, “Reading the Documents of Property Distribution” (lecture, The Academy of Korean Studies, Seongnam, Gyeonggi province, August 22, 2018).&lt;/ref&gt; of the third month of the year ''gyehae'' [1683]<br /> <br /> <br /> (官押)<br /> <br /> [Government Signature]<br /> <br /> <br /> [題辭] 依願斜給向事 初五<br /> <br /> [Official Decision] A certificate is issued according to your wish on the fifth day.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> |-<br /> | [[File:1682호비월매토지매매명문.jpg |border|1682호비월매토지매매명문|400px]]<br /> ||<br /> 康熙貳拾壹年壬戌十二月初八日戶婢月梅處<br /> <br /> 明文<br /> <br /> 右明文爲臥乎事段矣身許多食口連<br /> <br /> 値㐫荒生利爲難乙仍于勢不得已花<br /> <br /> 山一道面大路越員伏在若字畓玖斗落只<br /> <br /> 參夜味內東邊參斗落只壹夜味負數拾<br /> <br /> 負參束庫乙正租拾石以交易依數捧上<br /> <br /> 爲遣同婢處永永放賣爲去乎後此同<br /> <br /> 生子息姪子中生謀雜談爲去等此<br /> <br /> 文記告官卞正事<br /> <br /> 畓主私奴淡伊[左寸]<br /> <br /> 證人同姓姪子私奴石碧[左寸]<br /> <br /> 證保內奴處日[左寸]<br /> <br /> 筆執正兵陳得昌[署押]<br /> ||<br /> (translation)<br /> <br /> III-6. 海南尹氏 土地買賣 立案&lt;ref&gt; An abridged certificate is called ''ipji'' 立旨, while an unabridged one is ''iban'' 立案 (estate certificate of registration). This document was made as a petition at first. Once the petition is ratified by a government office, it became a certificate. Therefore, the same document can be both a petition and a certificate.&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> <br /> 6.1. 康熙貳拾壹年壬戌十二月初八日 戶婢月梅處明文<br /> <br /> The bill of sale&lt;ref&gt; A bill of sale (''myeongmun'' 明文) was given to a buyer when a deal was concluded between two individuals privately before having a government’s warrant.&lt;/ref&gt; to Chief Female Slave Wolmae&lt;ref&gt; Slave Wolmae is carrying out this business for her master Yi Pilseong. The ''yangban'' literati considered it shameful to be involved in business transactions themselves during the Joseon period.&lt;/ref&gt; on the 8th day of the 12th month of the 20th year [1682] of Emperor Kangxi’s reign [1661-1722]<br /> <br /> <br /> 右明文爲臥乎事段 矣身許多食口 連値㐫荒 生利爲難乙仍于 勢不得已 花山一道面 大路越員伏在 若字畓玖斗落只 參夜味內東邊參斗落只 壹夜味負數拾負參束庫乙 正租拾石以交易<br /> <br /> The purpose of this bill of sale is as follows:&lt;ref&gt; The literal translation of this sentence would be “The bill of sale mentioned on the right is as follows.” There are two explanations on the usage of wu 右 (“right”): one is that it refers to the word “bill of sale” 明文 written vertically on the right side. The other is that it suggests the document placed in a ruler’s right side which he was supposed to deal with first. Thus, wu 右 means the present document, which is based on A Clear Distinction of Styles (''Wenti mingbian'' 文體明辨). See Kim Seong-gap, “Joseonsidae myeongmun e gwanhan munseohakjeok yeon-gu 朝鮮時代 明文에 관한 文書學的 硏究,” (Ph.D. Diss., The Graduate School of Korean Studies, 2009), 66-7.&lt;/ref&gt; Since I [Dami] have many people in my family and encountered a series of severe famines, it is difficult to find the means to live on.&lt;ref&gt; This was a typical statement of contracts because it was forbidden for people to sell their inherited lands at their disposal in the Rank Land Law (''gwajeonbeop'' 科田法). However, in the sixth year of King Sejong’s reign, it was allowed in such urgent situations as providing for the funeral and burial of their parents, repaying their outstanding debts, or escaping from the grinding poverty. See Veritable Records of King Sejong, Year 6 (1424), Month 3, Day 23, Entry 3. (available at http://esillok.history.go.kr/front/index.do). Thereafter, people usually started with plausible excuses when they wrote this kind of document.&lt;/ref&gt; In this situation, I have no other choice but to exchange a strip of rice paddy for ten ''seok''&lt;ref&gt; One ''seok'' 石 (''seom'' in vernacular Korean) is approximately 180 liters. &lt;/ref&gt; of unhusked rice. The rice paddy is three ''durakji'' on the east side of three strips of paddy among nine ''durakji'' of the ''yak''&lt;ref&gt; ''Yak'' 若 is the 283rd character in the ''Qianzi wen'' 千字文 (''Thousand Character Classics''), which is used to refer to the location of the land.&lt;/ref&gt; paddy on Daerowol Plain of Hwasan ildo-myeon,&lt;ref&gt; This is located in modern Haenam in South Jeolla province.&lt;/ref&gt; producing ten loads&lt;ref&gt; The character for “load” is bu 負 (“burden”) or bu 卜 (“Korean A-frame carrier”), which is the amount of crop yields that a man could carry on his back with the A-frame carrier.&lt;/ref&gt; and three bundles&lt;ref&gt; The character for “bundle” is ''sok'' 束 (“bind”), which is the amount of rice plants. A handful of rice plants are called one pa 把 (“to grasp”). Ten handfuls (''pa'') of rice plants make one bundle (''sok'').&lt;/ref&gt; of grain. <br /> <br /> <br /> 依數捧上爲遣 同婢處永永放賣爲去乎 後此同生子息姪子中 生謀雜談爲去等 此文記告官卞正事<br /> <br /> I take the amount [of rice] and sell the property to the female slave [Wolmae] in perpetuity. Should there be a dispute at a later date among my siblings and nephews, take this document and report to the authorities for justice in this matter.<br /> <br /> <br /> 畓主 私奴 淡伊 (左寸)<br /> <br /> Paddy Owner: Private Male Slave, Dami [Signature of Left Index Finger Joint]<br /> <br /> <br /> 證人 同姓姪子私奴 石碧 (左寸)<br /> <br /> Witness: Paternal Nephew’s Male Slave, Seokbyeok [Signature of Left Index Finger Joint]<br /> <br /> <br /> 證保 內奴 處日 (左寸)<br /> <br /> Guarantor: Male Slave of the Palace Supply Bureau, Cheo-il [Signature of Left Index Finger Joint]<br /> <br /> <br /> 筆執 正兵 陳得昌 (手決)<br /> <br /> Scribe: Conscript Soldier, Jin Teukchang [Signature]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> |-<br /> | [[File:1683사노담이초사.jpg |border|1683사노담이초사|400px]]<br /> ||<br /> 癸亥三月初八日畓主私奴<br /> <br /> 淡伊年<br /> <br /> 白等矣身亦生利爲難<br /> <br /> 仍于資生次花山一道面大<br /> <br /> 路越員伏在若字畓九<br /> <br /> 斗落只參夜味內東邊<br /> <br /> 三斗落只一夜味庫乙<br /> <br /> 正租十石以折價捧上爲白遣<br /> <br /> 上項幼學李必晟戶婢月<br /> <br /> 梅處永永放賣的實爲白置相<br /> <br /> 考施行<br /> <br /> 白<br /> <br /> 官[押]<br /> ||<br /> (translation)<br /> <br /> 6.3. 招辭 1<br /> <br /> Statement of the Seller<br /> <br /> <br /> 癸亥三月初八日<br /> <br /> On the eighth day of the third month of the year ''gyehye'' [1683]<br /> <br /> <br /> 畓主私奴淡伊年 白等矣身亦 生利爲難仍于 資生次 花山一道面 大路越員伏在 若字畓九斗落只 參夜味內東邊三斗落只 一夜味庫乙 正租十石以 折價捧上爲白遣 上項幼學李必晟戶婢月梅處 永永放賣的實爲白置 相考施行<br /> <br /> I, Dami, as the paddy owner and private male slave aged ,&lt;ref&gt; His age is not recorded in the original text. The space for Dami’s age is not filled in.&lt;/ref&gt; state that I had a hard time making a living and so, in order to survive, I set the price of a strip of paddy which is three ''durakji'' on the east side of three strips of paddy among nine ''durakji'' of the ''yak'' paddy on Daerowol Plain of Hwasan ildo-myeon. Ten ''seok'' of unhusked rice was the set price and I accepted the amount. It is certainly true that the property was sold in perpetuity to Wolmae, chief female slave of the above-mentioned scholar Yi Pilseong. Please consider this and certify it.<br /> <br /> <br /> 官(押)<br /> <br /> Government Office [Signature]<br /> <br /> <br /> |-<br /> | [[File:1683사노석벽초사.jpg |border|1683사노석벽초사|400px]]<br /> ||<br /> 同日 證人私奴石碧年<br /> <br /> 證保內奴處日年<br /> <br /> 筆執正兵陳得昌年<br /> <br /> 白等奴淡伊亦生利爲難其矣<br /> <br /> 畓庫是在花山一道面大路越員伏<br /> <br /> 在若字畓三斗落只一夜味庫乙<br /> <br /> 價正租拾石以交易捧上爲遣<br /> <br /> 前項幼學李必晟戶婢月梅<br /> <br /> 處永永放賣時叅訂的實<br /> <br /> 爲白置相考施行<br /> <br /> 白[左寸]<br /> <br /> 白[左寸]<br /> <br /> 白[左寸]<br /> <br /> 白[署押]<br /> <br /> 官[押]<br /> <br /> ||<br /> (translation)<br /> <br /> 6.4. 招辭 2<br /> <br /> Statement of the Witness, the Guarantor, and the Scribe <br /> <br /> <br /> 同日 證人私奴石碧年 證保內奴處日年 筆執正兵陳得昌年 白等奴淡伊亦生利爲難 其矣畓庫是在 花山一道面 大路越員伏在 若字畓三斗落只 一夜味庫乙 價正租拾石 以交易捧上爲遣 前項幼學李必晟戶婢月梅處 永永放賣時 叅訂的實爲白置 相考施行<br /> <br /> On the same day, Witness Seokbyeok aged ,&lt;ref&gt; His age is not recorded in the original text. The space for Seokbyeok’s age is not filled in. &lt;/ref&gt; who is a private slave, Guarantor Cheo-il aged , who is a slave of the Palace Supply Bureau, and Scribe Jin Deukchang aged , who is a conscript soldier, state that Tami, a male slave, had a hard time making a living. [Thus,] he exchanged a strip of rice paddy for ten ''seok'' of unhusked rice. The rice paddy is three ''durakji'' in the ''yak''&lt;ref&gt; ''Yak'' 若 is the 283rd character in the ''Qianzi wen'' 千字文 (''Thousand Character Classics''), which is used to refer to the location of the land.&lt;/ref&gt; paddy on Daerowol Plain of Hwasan ildo-myeon. It is affirmed that the property was sold in perpetuity to Wolmae, chief female slave in the previously mentioned scholar Yi Pilseong’s house. Please consider this and certify it.<br /> <br /> <br /> 白 [左寸]<br /> <br /> Witness [Signature of Left Index Finger Joint]<br /> <br /> <br /> 白 [左寸]<br /> <br /> Witness [Signature of Left Index Finger Joint]<br /> <br /> <br /> 白 [左寸]<br /> <br /> Witness [Signature of Left Index Finger Joint]<br /> <br /> <br /> 白 [署押]<br /> <br /> Witness [Signature]<br /> <br /> <br /> 官 [押]<br /> <br /> Government Office [Signature]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> |-<br /> | [[File:1683호비월매입안.jpg |border|1683호비월매입안|400px]]<br /> ||<br /> 康熙二十二年三月日海南縣立案<br /> <br /> 右立案爲後考事粘連詳狀據<br /> <br /> 叅訂各人等招辭是置有亦上項<br /> <br /> 幼學李必晟戶婢月梅亦私奴<br /> <br /> 淡伊處花山一道面大道越員伏<br /> <br /> 在若字畓三斗落只庫乙買得<br /> <br /> 的實爲乎等以葉作官上爲<br /> <br /> 遣以憑後考次合行立案者<br /> <br /> 縣監[管押]<br /> ||<br /> (translation)<br /> <br /> 6.5. 康熙二十二年三月日海南縣立案<br /> <br /> Certificate issued by Haenam Prefecture on a certain day of the third month of the 24th year [1684] of Emperor Kangxi’s reign [1661-1722]<br /> <br /> <br /> 右立案爲後考事 粘連詳狀據<br /> <br /> This certificate is made to testify to this matter later based upon the attached documents with all the details. <br /> <br /> <br /> 叅訂各人等 招辭是置有亦 上項幼學李必晟戶婢月梅亦 私奴淡伊處 花山一道面 大道越員伏在 若字畓三斗落只庫乙買得 的實爲乎等 以葉作官上爲遣 以憑後考次 合行立案者<br /> <br /> Since each of the witnesses made a statement that it was certainly true for Wolmae, chief female slave of the previously mentioned scholar Yi Pilseong, to have bought three ''durakji'' of the yak paddy on Daerowol Plain of Hwasan ildo-myeon from Dami, private male slave, this official document is made. In order to be used as evidence later, the certificate should be issued.<br /> <br /> <br /> 縣監 [官押]<br /> <br /> Magistrate [of Haenam Prefecture] [Government Signature]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> =='''Discussion Questions'''==<br /> #<br /> #<br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Further Readings'''==<br /> &lt;!--<br /> &lt;div style=&quot;color:#008080;&quot;&gt;<br /> * View together with '''~~'''.<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> --&gt;<br /> *崔承熙, 『韓國古文書硏究』, 知識産業社, 1989. <br /> *法制處, 『古法典用語集』, 育志社, 1981. <br /> *檀國大學校 東洋學硏究所, 『韓國漢字語辭典』, 檀國大學校出版部, 1996. <br /> *장지영, 장세경, 『이두사전』, 정음사, 1983.<br /> <br /> =='''References'''==<br /> &lt;references/&gt;<br /> <br /> =='''Translation'''==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> *Discussion Questions:<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:2018 Hanmun Summer Workshop]]<br /> [[Category: Advanced Translation Group]]</div>

Sanghoon Na http://dh.aks.ac.kr/jsg/index.php?title=(Translation)_%E6%B5%B7%E5%8D%97%E5%B0%B9%E6%B0%8F_%E5%9C%9F%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%B7%E8%B3%A3_%E7%AB%8B%E6%A1%88&diff=15653 2018-08-25T09:19:21Z

<p>Sanghoon Na: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Primary Source Document3<br /> |Image = 1682호비월매토지매매명문등.jpg<br /> |English = Estate Certificate by Haenam Prefecture <br /> |Chinese = [http://archive.aks.ac.kr/imageViewer/ImageViewer.aspx?datauci=G002+AKS+KSM-XD.1683.4682-20101008.B003a_003_00409_001&amp;refuci=G002+AKS+KSM-XD.1683.0000-20101008.B003a_003_00409_003&amp;fname=G002+AKS+KSM-XD.1683.4682-20101008.B003a_003_00409_001-IMG.001.jpg&amp;closed=true 海南尹氏 土地買賣 立案]<br /> |Korean = 해남윤씨 토지매매입안(Haenam Yunssi Tojimaemae Iban)<br /> |Genre = [[Historical Manuscripts]]<br /> |Type = Certificate<br /> |Author = Tami <br /> |Year = 1683<br /> |Key Concepts= bill of sale, petition, certificate, chief slave <br /> |Translator = [[2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced)#Participants | Participants of 2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced Translation Group)]]<br /> |Editor = Sanghoon Na<br /> |Translation Year = 2018<br /> <br /> }}<br /> [[File:Backward.png|right|40px|link=2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced)#Primary Sources for Korean Studies]]<br /> &lt;gallery&gt;<br /> 파일:1683해남현입지.jpg |link=(Translation) 海南尹氏 土地買賣 立案|III-6-1. 1683年 海南縣 立旨 해남현 입지('' Haenamhyeon Ipji'')<br /> 파일:1682호비월매토지매매명문.jpg |link=(Translation) 海南尹氏 土地買賣 立案|III-6-2. 1682年 戶婢 月梅 土地賣買明文 호비 월매 토지매매명문(''Toji-maemae-myeongmun'')<br /> 파일:1683사노담이초사.jpg |link=(Translation) 海南尹氏 土地買賣 立案|III-6-3. 1683년 私奴 淡伊 招辭 사노 담이 초사(''Sano Dami Chosa'')<br /> 파일:1683사노석벽초사.jpg |link=(Translation) 海南尹氏 土地買賣 立案|III-6-4. 1683년 私奴 石碧 招辭 사노 석벽 초사(''Sano Seokbyeong Chosa'')<br /> 파일:1683호비월매입안.jpg |link=(Translation) 海南尹氏 土地買賣 立案|III-6-5. 1683年 戶婢 月梅 立案 호비 월매 입안(''Hobi Wolmae Iban'')<br /> &lt;/gallery&gt;<br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Introduction'''==<br /> <br /> 1683년 해남현(海南縣) 입지(立旨)<br /> <br /> <br /> http://archive.aks.ac.kr/Inspection/insDirView.aspx?dataUCI=G002+AKS+KSM-XD.1683.4682-20101008.B003a_003_00409_001<br /> <br /> <br /> 1682년(肅宗8)에 私奴 淡伊가 幼學 李必晟의 戶婢 月梅에게 畓 9마지기를 放賣하면서 작성한 明文.<br /> <br /> <br /> 주제<br /> 1682년(肅宗8)에 사노 담이가 畓 3마지기를 유학 이필성의 호비 월매에게 正租 10石을 받고 팔면서 써준 明文이다. 正租는 벼를 말한다. 매매 대상인 토지는 花山一道面 大路越員에 있는 若字 畓 3마지기인데, 이는 세 배미[夜味]로 이루어진 9마지기의 일부분으로서, 東邊의 한 배미이며, 卜數로는 10卜 3束이다. 배미[夜味]는 하나의 논두렁으로 구획된 畓 한 개를 헤아릴 때 쓰는 말이다. 따라서 이는 면적의 광협과는 상관이 없는 말이다. 員은 전답이 소재하는 들판을 이른다. 이 명문의 작성에는 畓主 이외에, 證人으로는 사노 石碧이, 證人 및 保人으로는 內奴 處日이, 筆執으로는 진득창이 각각 참여하였다. 內奴는 內需司에 소속된 종이다. 이 명문에는 증인, 보인, 필집이 각각 이 매매의 내용이 진실함을 진술한 招辭가 붙어 있으며, 官에서는 이를 기초로 이듬해인 1683년(肅宗9)에 이 매매 사실을 확인해주는 立案을 발급하였다.<br /> <br /> <br /> 용어<br /> 마지기(斗落只)는 파종량을 기준으로 한 전답의 면적 단위이다. 1마지기는 한 말[斗]의 씨앗을 파종할 수 있는 면적인데, 대개 토질에 따라 그 면적의 크기에 다소 차이가 있다. 卜數는 소출량에 근거한 租稅 單位이며, 負數로도 쓴다. 1負는 타작하기 전의 볏단 한 짐의 분량이다.<br /> <br /> =='''Original Script'''==<br /> <br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; background-color:#ffffff;&quot;<br /> !style=&quot;width:25%;&quot;|Image || style=&quot;width:25%;&quot;|Text || style=&quot;width:50%;&quot;| Translation<br /> |-<br /> | [[File:1683해남현입지.jpg |border|1683해남현입지|400px]]<br /> ||<br /> 花山面居幼學李必晟戶婢月梅<br /> <br /> 右謹陳所志矣段婢矣上典主敎是縣居私奴<br /> <br /> 淡伊處花山一道大路越員若字畓參斗<br /> <br /> 落只庫乙上年分買得未及官斜爲白有等<br /> <br /> 以敢此呼訴爲白去乎依例斜給行下爲白只爲<br /> <br /> 行下向敎是事<br /> <br /> 官司主處分<br /> <br /> 癸亥三月 日所志<br /> <br /> 官[押]<br /> <br /> [題辭]依願斜給向事 初五<br /> ||<br /> (translation)<br /> <br /> 花山面居幼學李必晟戶婢月梅 <br /> <br /> Wolmae, chief female slave of Yi Pilseong who is a scholar&lt;ref&gt; The characters for a scholar are ''yuhak'' 幼學, which literally means a “young learner” who did not pass the civil service examination yet. JaHyun K. Haboush translates it into a “student scholar” (Haboush, ''The Confucian Kingship in Korea'', 90) and Eugene Y. Park renders it into a “degreeless scholars.” (Park, ''Between Dreams and Reality'', 41).&lt;/ref&gt; The literal translation of this sentence would be “The bill of sale mentioned on the right is as follows.”&lt;ref&gt; The literal translation of this sentence would be “The petition mentioned on the right is as follows.”There are two explanations on the usage of ''wu'' 右 (“right”): one is that it refers to the word “bill of sale” 明文 written vertically on the right side. The other is that it suggests the document placed in a ruler’s right side which he was supposed to deal with first. Thus, wu 右 means the present document, which is based on ''A Clear Distinction of Styles'' (''Wenti mingbian'' 文體明辨). See Kim Seong-gap, “Joseonsidae myeongmun e gwanhan munseohakjeok yeon-gu 朝鮮時代 明文에 관한 文書學的 硏究,” (Ph.D. Diss., The Graduate School of Korean Studies, 2009), 66-7.&lt;/ref&gt; residing in Hwasan-myeon, <br /> <br /> <br /> 右謹陳所志矣段 婢矣上典主敎是 縣居私奴淡伊處 花山一道 大路越員 若字畓 參斗落只庫乙 上年分買得 未及官斜爲白有等以 敢此呼訴爲白去乎 依例斜給行下爲白只爲 <br /> <br /> The purpose of this petition is as follows: My master bought three ''durakji''&lt;ref&gt; Durakji 斗落只 or ''durak'' 斗落 (''majigi'' in vernacular Korean) is the amount of land on which one mal (18 liters) could be planted as seed. The size of land has varied in different regions. It is approximately 150-300 ''pyeong'' (495-990 square meters) for rice paddies and 100 ''pyeong'' (330 square meters) for dry fields. See James Palais, Confucian Statecraft and Korean Institutions, (Seattle and London: University of Washington Press, 1996), 364.&lt;/ref&gt; of the yak paddy on Daerowol Plain of Hwasan ildo [-myeon] from the male slave Dami, living in the same prefecture, last year. However, the certificate has not been issued yet, therefore I humbly appeal to you. According to precedent, please grant me the certificate.<br /> <br /> <br /> 行下向敎是事<br /> <br /> Please grant this petition.<br /> <br /> <br /> 官司主處分<br /> <br /> Request for Magistrate’s Approval <br /> <br /> <br /> 癸亥三月日 所志 <br /> <br /> Petition submitted on a certain day&lt;ref&gt; According to Sim Yeong-hwan (Senior Researcher at the Jangseogak Archives of The Academy of Korean Studies), it was usual that the exact date was not filled in because the drafter did not know when the petition would be delivered after it was completed. According to Mun Sukja (Researcher at the SNU Law Research Institute), the documents of the late Joseon period tended to omit the date unlike those of the early- or mid-Joseon period. Mun Sukja, “Reading the Documents of Property Distribution” (lecture, The Academy of Korean Studies, Seongnam, Gyeonggi province, August 22, 2018).&lt;/ref&gt; of the third month of the year ''gyehae'' [1683]<br /> <br /> <br /> (官押)<br /> <br /> [Government Signature]<br /> <br /> <br /> [題辭] 依願斜給向事 初五<br /> <br /> [Official Decision] A certificate is issued according to your wish on the fifth day.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> |-<br /> | [[File:1682호비월매토지매매명문.jpg |border|1682호비월매토지매매명문|400px]]<br /> ||<br /> 康熙貳拾壹年壬戌十二月初八日戶婢月梅處<br /> <br /> 明文<br /> <br /> 右明文爲臥乎事段矣身許多食口連<br /> <br /> 値㐫荒生利爲難乙仍于勢不得已花<br /> <br /> 山一道面大路越員伏在若字畓玖斗落只<br /> <br /> 參夜味內東邊參斗落只壹夜味負數拾<br /> <br /> 負參束庫乙正租拾石以交易依數捧上<br /> <br /> 爲遣同婢處永永放賣爲去乎後此同<br /> <br /> 生子息姪子中生謀雜談爲去等此<br /> <br /> 文記告官卞正事<br /> <br /> 畓主私奴淡伊[左寸]<br /> <br /> 證人同姓姪子私奴石碧[左寸]<br /> <br /> 證保內奴處日[左寸]<br /> <br /> 筆執正兵陳得昌[署押]<br /> ||<br /> (translation)<br /> <br /> III-6. 海南尹氏 土地買賣 立案&lt;ref&gt; An abridged certificate is called ''ipji'' 立旨, while an unabridged one is ''iban'' 立案 (estate certificate of registration). This document was made as a petition at first. Once the petition is ratified by a government office, it became a certificate. Therefore, the same document can be both a petition and a certificate.&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> <br /> 6.1. 康熙貳拾壹年壬戌十二月初八日 戶婢月梅處明文<br /> <br /> The bill of sale&lt;ref&gt; A bill of sale (''myeongmun'' 明文) was given to a buyer when a deal was concluded between two individuals privately before having a government’s warrant.&lt;/ref&gt; to Chief Female Slave Wolmae&lt;ref&gt; Slave Wolmae is carrying out this business for her master Yi Pilseong. The ''yangban'' literati considered it shameful to be involved in business transactions themselves during the Joseon period.&lt;/ref&gt; on the 8th day of the 12th month of the 20th year [1682] of Emperor Kangxi’s reign [1661-1722]<br /> <br /> <br /> 右明文爲臥乎事段 矣身許多食口 連値㐫荒 生利爲難乙仍于 勢不得已 花山一道面 大路越員伏在 若字畓玖斗落只 參夜味內東邊參斗落只 壹夜味負數拾負參束庫乙 正租拾石以交易<br /> <br /> The purpose of this bill of sale is as follows:&lt;ref&gt; The literal translation of this sentence would be “The bill of sale mentioned on the right is as follows.” There are two explanations on the usage of wu 右 (“right”): one is that it refers to the word “bill of sale” 明文 written vertically on the right side. The other is that it suggests the document placed in a ruler’s right side which he was supposed to deal with first. Thus, wu 右 means the present document, which is based on A Clear Distinction of Styles (''Wenti mingbian'' 文體明辨). See Kim Seong-gap, “Joseonsidae myeongmun e gwanhan munseohakjeok yeon-gu 朝鮮時代 明文에 관한 文書學的 硏究,” (Ph.D. Diss., The Graduate School of Korean Studies, 2009), 66-7.&lt;/ref&gt; Since I [Dami] have many people in my family and encountered a series of severe famines, it is difficult to find the means to live on.&lt;ref&gt; This was a typical statement of contracts because it was forbidden for people to sell their inherited lands at their disposal in the Rank Land Law (''gwajeonbeop'' 科田法). However, in the sixth year of King Sejong’s reign, it was allowed in such urgent situations as providing for the funeral and burial of their parents, repaying their outstanding debts, or escaping from the grinding poverty. See Veritable Records of King Sejong, Year 6 (1424), Month 3, Day 23, Entry 3. (available at http://esillok.history.go.kr/front/index.do). Thereafter, people usually started with plausible excuses when they wrote this kind of document.&lt;/ref&gt; In this situation, I have no other choice but to exchange a strip of rice paddy for ten ''seok''&lt;ref&gt; One ''seok'' 石 (''seom'' in vernacular Korean) is approximately 180 liters. &lt;/ref&gt; of unhusked rice. The rice paddy is three ''durakji'' on the east side of three strips of paddy among nine ''durakji'' of the ''yak''&lt;ref&gt; ''Yak'' 若 is the 283rd character in the ''Qianzi wen'' 千字文 (''Thousand Character Classics''), which is used to refer to the location of the land.&lt;/ref&gt; paddy on Daerowol Plain of Hwasan ildo-myeon,&lt;ref&gt; This is located in modern Haenam in South Jeolla province.&lt;/ref&gt; producing ten loads&lt;ref&gt; The character for “load” is bu 負 (“burden”) or bu 卜 (“Korean A-frame carrier”), which is the amount of crop yields that a man could carry on his back with the A-frame carrier.&lt;/ref&gt; and three bundles&lt;ref&gt; The character for “bundle” is ''sok'' 束 (“bind”), which is the amount of rice plants. A handful of rice plants are called one pa 把 (“to grasp”). Ten handfuls (''pa'') of rice plants make one bundle (''sok'').&lt;/ref&gt; of grain. <br /> <br /> <br /> 依數捧上爲遣 同婢處永永放賣爲去乎 後此同生子息姪子中 生謀雜談爲去等 此文記告官卞正事<br /> <br /> I take the amount [of rice] and sell the property to the female slave [Wolmae] in perpetuity. Should there be a dispute at a later date among my siblings and nephews, take this document and report to the authorities for justice in this matter.<br /> <br /> <br /> 畓主 私奴 淡伊 (左寸)<br /> <br /> Paddy Owner: Private Male Slave, Dami [Signature of Left Index Finger Joint]<br /> <br /> <br /> 證人 同姓姪子私奴 石碧 (左寸)<br /> <br /> Witness: Paternal Nephew’s Male Slave, Seokbyeok [Signature of Left Index Finger Joint]<br /> <br /> <br /> 證保 內奴 處日 (左寸)<br /> <br /> Guarantor: Male Slave of the Palace Supply Bureau, Cheo-il [Signature of Left Index Finger Joint]<br /> <br /> <br /> 筆執 正兵 陳得昌 (手決)<br /> <br /> Scribe: Conscript Soldier, Jin Teukchang [Signature]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> |-<br /> | [[File:1683사노담이초사.jpg |border|1683사노담이초사|400px]]<br /> ||<br /> 癸亥三月初八日畓主私奴<br /> <br /> 淡伊年<br /> <br /> 白等矣身亦生利爲難<br /> <br /> 仍于資生次花山一道面大<br /> <br /> 路越員伏在若字畓九<br /> <br /> 斗落只參夜味內東邊<br /> <br /> 三斗落只一夜味庫乙<br /> <br /> 正租十石以折價捧上爲白遣<br /> <br /> 上項幼學李必晟戶婢月<br /> <br /> 梅處永永放賣的實爲白置相<br /> <br /> 考施行<br /> <br /> 白<br /> <br /> 官[押]<br /> ||<br /> (translation)<br /> <br /> 6.3. 招辭 1<br /> <br /> Statement of the Seller<br /> <br /> <br /> 癸亥三月初八日<br /> <br /> On the eighth day of the third month of the year ''gyehye'' [1683]<br /> <br /> <br /> 畓主私奴淡伊年 白等矣身亦 生利爲難仍于 資生次 花山一道面 大路越員伏在 若字畓九斗落只 參夜味內東邊三斗落只 一夜味庫乙 正租十石以 折價捧上爲白遣 上項幼學李必晟戶婢月梅處 永永放賣的實爲白置 相考施行<br /> <br /> I, Dami, as the paddy owner and private male slave aged ,&lt;ref&gt; His age is not recorded in the original text. The space for Dami’s age is not filled in.&lt;/ref&gt; state that I had a hard time making a living and so, in order to survive, I set the price of a strip of paddy which is three ''durakji'' on the east side of three strips of paddy among nine ''durakji'' of the ''yak'' paddy on Daerowol Plain of Hwasan ildo-myeon. Ten ''seok'' of unhusked rice was the set price and I accepted the amount. It is certainly true that the property was sold in perpetuity to Wolmae, chief female slave of the above-mentioned scholar Yi Pilseong. Please consider this and certify it.<br /> <br /> <br /> 官(押)<br /> <br /> Government Office [Signature]<br /> <br /> <br /> |-<br /> | [[File:1683사노석벽초사.jpg |border|1683사노석벽초사|400px]]<br /> ||<br /> 同日 證人私奴石碧年<br /> <br /> 證保內奴處日年<br /> <br /> 筆執正兵陳得昌年<br /> <br /> 白等奴淡伊亦生利爲難其矣<br /> <br /> 畓庫是在花山一道面大路越員伏<br /> <br /> 在若字畓三斗落只一夜味庫乙<br /> <br /> 價正租拾石以交易捧上爲遣<br /> <br /> 前項幼學李必晟戶婢月梅<br /> <br /> 處永永放賣時叅訂的實<br /> <br /> 爲白置相考施行<br /> <br /> 白[左寸]<br /> <br /> 白[左寸]<br /> <br /> 白[左寸]<br /> <br /> 白[署押]<br /> <br /> 官[押]<br /> <br /> ||<br /> (translation)<br /> <br /> 6.4. 招辭 2<br /> <br /> Statement of the Witness, the Guarantor, and the Scribe <br /> <br /> <br /> 同日 證人私奴石碧年 證保內奴處日年 筆執正兵陳得昌年 白等奴淡伊亦生利爲難 其矣畓庫是在 花山一道面 大路越員伏在 若字畓三斗落只 一夜味庫乙 價正租拾石 以交易捧上爲遣 前項幼學李必晟戶婢月梅處 永永放賣時 叅訂的實爲白置 相考施行<br /> <br /> On the same day, Witness Seokbyeok aged ,&lt;ref&gt; His age is not recorded in the original text. The space for Seokbyeok’s age is not filled in. &lt;/ref&gt; who is a private slave, Guarantor Cheo-il aged , who is a slave of the Palace Supply Bureau, and Scribe Jin Deukchang aged , who is a conscript soldier, state that Tami, a male slave, had a hard time making a living. [Thus,] he exchanged a strip of rice paddy for ten ''seok'' of unhusked rice. The rice paddy is three ''durakji'' in the ''yak''&lt;ref&gt; ''Yak'' 若 is the 283rd character in the ''Qianzi wen'' 千字文 (''Thousand Character Classics''), which is used to refer to the location of the land.&lt;/ref&gt; paddy on Daerowol Plain of Hwasan ildo-myeon. It is affirmed that the property was sold in perpetuity to Wolmae, chief female slave in the previously mentioned scholar Yi Pilseong’s house. Please consider this and certify it.<br /> <br /> <br /> 白 [左寸]<br /> <br /> Witness [Signature of Left Index Finger Joint]<br /> <br /> <br /> 白 [左寸]<br /> <br /> Witness [Signature of Left Index Finger Joint]<br /> <br /> <br /> 白 [左寸]<br /> <br /> Witness [Signature of Left Index Finger Joint]<br /> <br /> <br /> 白 [署押]<br /> <br /> Witness [Signature]<br /> <br /> <br /> 官 [押]<br /> <br /> Government Office [Signature]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> |-<br /> | [[File:1683호비월매입안.jpg |border|1683호비월매입안|400px]]<br /> ||<br /> 康熙二十二年三月日海南縣立案<br /> <br /> 右立案爲後考事粘連詳狀據<br /> <br /> 叅訂各人等招辭是置有亦上項<br /> <br /> 幼學李必晟戶婢月梅亦私奴<br /> <br /> 淡伊處花山一道面大道越員伏<br /> <br /> 在若字畓三斗落只庫乙買得<br /> <br /> 的實爲乎等以葉作官上爲<br /> <br /> 遣以憑後考次合行立案者<br /> <br /> 縣監[管押]<br /> ||<br /> (translation)<br /> <br /> 6.5. 康熙二十二年三月日海南縣立案<br /> <br /> Certificate issued by Haenam Prefecture on a certain day of the third month of the 24th year [1684] of Emperor Kangxi’s reign [1661-1722]<br /> <br /> <br /> 右立案爲後考事 粘連詳狀據<br /> <br /> This certificate is made to testify to this matter later based upon the attached documents with all the details. <br /> <br /> <br /> 叅訂各人等 招辭是置有亦 上項幼學李必晟戶婢月梅亦 私奴淡伊處 花山一道面 大道越員伏在 若字畓三斗落只庫乙買得 的實爲乎等 以葉作官上爲遣 以憑後考次 合行立案者<br /> <br /> Since each of the witnesses made a statement that it was certainly true for Wolmae, chief female slave of the previously mentioned scholar Yi Pilseong, to have bought three ''durakji'' of the yak paddy on Daerowol Plain of Hwasan ildo-myeon from Dami, private male slave, this official document is made. In order to be used as evidence later, the certificate should be issued.<br /> <br /> <br /> 縣監 [官押]<br /> <br /> Magistrate [of Haenam Prefecture] [Government Signature]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> =='''Discussion Questions'''==<br /> #<br /> #<br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Further Readings'''==<br /> &lt;!--<br /> &lt;div style=&quot;color:#008080;&quot;&gt;<br /> * View together with '''~~'''.<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> --&gt;<br /> *崔承熙, 『韓國古文書硏究』, 知識産業社, 1989. <br /> *法制處, 『古法典用語集』, 育志社, 1981. <br /> *檀國大學校 東洋學硏究所, 『韓國漢字語辭典』, 檀國大學校出版部, 1996. <br /> *장지영, 장세경, 『이두사전』, 정음사, 1983.<br /> <br /> =='''References'''==<br /> &lt;references/&gt;<br /> <br /> =='''Translation'''==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> *Discussion Questions:<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:2018 Hanmun Summer Workshop]]<br /> [[Category: Advanced Translation Group]]</div>

Sanghoon Na http://dh.aks.ac.kr/jsg/index.php?title=(Translation)_%E6%B5%B7%E5%8D%97%E5%B0%B9%E6%B0%8F_%E5%9C%9F%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%B7%E8%B3%A3_%E7%AB%8B%E6%A1%88&diff=15652 2018-08-25T09:17:29Z

<p>Sanghoon Na: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Primary Source Document3<br /> |Image = 1682호비월매토지매매명문등.jpg<br /> |English = Estate Certificate by Haenam Prefecture <br /> |Chinese = [http://archive.aks.ac.kr/imageViewer/ImageViewer.aspx?datauci=G002+AKS+KSM-XD.1683.4682-20101008.B003a_003_00409_001&amp;refuci=G002+AKS+KSM-XD.1683.0000-20101008.B003a_003_00409_003&amp;fname=G002+AKS+KSM-XD.1683.4682-20101008.B003a_003_00409_001-IMG.001.jpg&amp;closed=true 海南尹氏 土地買賣 立案]<br /> |Korean = 해남윤씨 토지매매입안(Haenam Yunssi Tojimaemae Iban)<br /> |Genre = [[Historical Manuscripts]]<br /> |Type = Certificate<br /> |Author = Tami <br /> |Year = 1683<br /> |Key Concepts= bill of sale, petition, certificate, chief slave <br /> |Translator = [[2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced)#Participants | Participants of 2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced Translation Group)]]<br /> |Editor = Sanghoon Na<br /> |Translation Year = 2018<br /> <br /> }}<br /> [[File:Backward.png|right|40px|link=2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced)#Primary Sources for Korean Studies]]<br /> &lt;gallery&gt;<br /> 파일:1683해남현입지.jpg |link=(Translation) 海南尹氏 土地買賣 立案|III-6-1. 1683年 海南縣 立旨 해남현 입지('' Haenamhyeon Ipji'')<br /> 파일:1682호비월매토지매매명문.jpg |link=(Translation) 海南尹氏 土地買賣 立案|III-6-2. 1682年 戶婢 月梅 土地賣買明文 호비 월매 토지매매명문(''Toji-maemae-myeongmun'')<br /> 파일:1683사노담이초사.jpg |link=(Translation) 海南尹氏 土地買賣 立案|III-6-3. 1683년 私奴 淡伊 招辭 사노 담이 초사(''Sano Dami Chosa'')<br /> 파일:1683사노석벽초사.jpg |link=(Translation) 海南尹氏 土地買賣 立案|III-6-4. 1683년 私奴 石碧 招辭 사노 석벽 초사(''Sano Seokbyeong Chosa'')<br /> 파일:1683호비월매입안.jpg |link=(Translation) 海南尹氏 土地買賣 立案|III-6-5. 1683年 戶婢 月梅 立案 호비 월매 입안(''Hobi Wolmae Iban'')<br /> &lt;/gallery&gt;<br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Introduction'''==<br /> <br /> 1683년 해남현(海南縣) 입지(立旨)<br /> <br /> <br /> http://archive.aks.ac.kr/Inspection/insDirView.aspx?dataUCI=G002+AKS+KSM-XD.1683.4682-20101008.B003a_003_00409_001<br /> <br /> <br /> 1682년(肅宗8)에 私奴 淡伊가 幼學 李必晟의 戶婢 月梅에게 畓 9마지기를 放賣하면서 작성한 明文.<br /> <br /> <br /> 주제<br /> 1682년(肅宗8)에 사노 담이가 畓 3마지기를 유학 이필성의 호비 월매에게 正租 10石을 받고 팔면서 써준 明文이다. 正租는 벼를 말한다. 매매 대상인 토지는 花山一道面 大路越員에 있는 若字 畓 3마지기인데, 이는 세 배미[夜味]로 이루어진 9마지기의 일부분으로서, 東邊의 한 배미이며, 卜數로는 10卜 3束이다. 배미[夜味]는 하나의 논두렁으로 구획된 畓 한 개를 헤아릴 때 쓰는 말이다. 따라서 이는 면적의 광협과는 상관이 없는 말이다. 員은 전답이 소재하는 들판을 이른다. 이 명문의 작성에는 畓主 이외에, 證人으로는 사노 石碧이, 證人 및 保人으로는 內奴 處日이, 筆執으로는 진득창이 각각 참여하였다. 內奴는 內需司에 소속된 종이다. 이 명문에는 증인, 보인, 필집이 각각 이 매매의 내용이 진실함을 진술한 招辭가 붙어 있으며, 官에서는 이를 기초로 이듬해인 1683년(肅宗9)에 이 매매 사실을 확인해주는 立案을 발급하였다.<br /> <br /> <br /> 용어<br /> 마지기(斗落只)는 파종량을 기준으로 한 전답의 면적 단위이다. 1마지기는 한 말[斗]의 씨앗을 파종할 수 있는 면적인데, 대개 토질에 따라 그 면적의 크기에 다소 차이가 있다. 卜數는 소출량에 근거한 租稅 單位이며, 負數로도 쓴다. 1負는 타작하기 전의 볏단 한 짐의 분량이다.<br /> <br /> =='''Original Script'''==<br /> <br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; background-color:#ffffff;&quot;<br /> !style=&quot;width:25%;&quot;|Image || style=&quot;width:25%;&quot;|Text || style=&quot;width:50%;&quot;| Translation<br /> |-<br /> | [[File:1683해남현입지.jpg |border|1683해남현입지|400px]]<br /> ||<br /> 花山面居幼學李必晟戶婢月梅<br /> <br /> 右謹陳所志矣段婢矣上典主敎是縣居私奴<br /> <br /> 淡伊處花山一道大路越員若字畓參斗<br /> <br /> 落只庫乙上年分買得未及官斜爲白有等<br /> <br /> 以敢此呼訴爲白去乎依例斜給行下爲白只爲<br /> <br /> 行下向敎是事<br /> <br /> 官司主處分<br /> <br /> 癸亥三月 日所志<br /> <br /> 官[押]<br /> <br /> [題辭]依願斜給向事 初五<br /> ||<br /> (translation)<br /> <br /> 花山面居幼學李必晟戶婢月梅 <br /> <br /> Wolmae, chief female slave of Yi Pilseong who is a scholar&lt;ref&gt; The characters for a scholar are ''yuhak'' 幼學, which literally means a “young learner” who did not pass the civil service examination yet. JaHyun K. Haboush translates it into a “student scholar” (Haboush, ''The Confucian Kingship in Korea'', 90) and Eugene Y. Park renders it into a “degreeless scholars.” (Park, ''Between Dreams and Reality'', 41).&lt;/ref&gt; The literal translation of this sentence would be “The bill of sale mentioned on the right is as follows.”&lt;ref&gt; The literal translation of this sentence would be “The petition mentioned on the right is as follows.”There are two explanations on the usage of ''wu'' 右 (“right”): one is that it refers to the word “bill of sale” 明文 written vertically on the right side. The other is that it suggests the document placed in a ruler’s right side which he was supposed to deal with first. Thus, wu 右 means the present document, which is based on ''A Clear Distinction of Styles'' (''Wenti mingbian'' 文體明辨). See Kim Seong-gap, “Joseonsidae myeongmun e gwanhan munseohakjeok yeon-gu 朝鮮時代 明文에 관한 文書學的 硏究,” (Ph.D. Diss., The Graduate School of Korean Studies, 2009), 66-7.&lt;/ref&gt; residing in Hwasan-myeon, <br /> <br /> <br /> 右謹陳所志矣段 婢矣上典主敎是 縣居私奴淡伊處 花山一道 大路越員 若字畓 參斗落只庫乙 上年分買得 未及官斜爲白有等以 敢此呼訴爲白去乎 依例斜給行下爲白只爲 <br /> <br /> The purpose of this petition is as follows: My master bought three ''durakji''&lt;ref&gt; Durakji 斗落只 or ''durak'' 斗落 (''majigi'' in vernacular Korean) is the amount of land on which one mal (18 liters) could be planted as seed. The size of land has varied in different regions. It is approximately 150-300 ''pyeong'' (495-990 square meters) for rice paddies and 100 ''pyeong'' (330 square meters) for dry fields. See James Palais, Confucian Statecraft and Korean Institutions, (Seattle and London: University of Washington Press, 1996), 364.&lt;/ref&gt; of the yak paddy on Daerowol Plain of Hwasan ildo [-myeon] from the male slave Dami, living in the same prefecture, last year. However, the certificate has not been issued yet, therefore I humbly appeal to you. According to precedent, please grant me the certificate.<br /> <br /> <br /> 行下向敎是事<br /> <br /> Please grant this petition.<br /> <br /> <br /> 官司主處分<br /> <br /> Request for Magistrate’s Approval <br /> <br /> <br /> 癸亥三月日 所志 <br /> <br /> Petition submitted on a certain day&lt;ref&gt; According to Sim Yeong-hwan (Senior Researcher at the Jangseogak Archives of The Academy of Korean Studies), it was usual that the exact date was not filled in because the drafter did not know when the petition would be delivered after it was completed. According to Mun Sukja (Researcher at the SNU Law Research Institute), the documents of the late Joseon period tended to omit the date unlike those of the early- or mid-Joseon period. Mun Sukja, “Reading the Documents of Property Distribution” (lecture, The Academy of Korean Studies, Seongnam, Gyeonggi province, August 22, 2018).&lt;/ref&gt; of the third month of the year ''gyehae'' [1683]<br /> <br /> <br /> (官押)<br /> <br /> [Government Signature]<br /> <br /> <br /> [題辭] 依願斜給向事 初五<br /> <br /> [Official Decision] A certificate is issued according to your wish on the fifth day.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> |-<br /> | [[File:1682호비월매토지매매명문.jpg |border|1682호비월매토지매매명문|400px]]<br /> ||<br /> 康熙貳拾壹年壬戌十二月初八日戶婢月梅處<br /> <br /> 明文<br /> <br /> 右明文爲臥乎事段矣身許多食口連<br /> <br /> 値㐫荒生利爲難乙仍于勢不得已花<br /> <br /> 山一道面大路越員伏在若字畓玖斗落只<br /> <br /> 參夜味內東邊參斗落只壹夜味負數拾<br /> <br /> 負參束庫乙正租拾石以交易依數捧上<br /> <br /> 爲遣同婢處永永放賣爲去乎後此同<br /> <br /> 生子息姪子中生謀雜談爲去等此<br /> <br /> 文記告官卞正事<br /> <br /> 畓主私奴淡伊[左寸]<br /> <br /> 證人同姓姪子私奴石碧[左寸]<br /> <br /> 證保內奴處日[左寸]<br /> <br /> 筆執正兵陳得昌[署押]<br /> ||<br /> (translation)<br /> <br /> III-6. 海南尹氏 土地買賣 立案&lt;ref&gt; An abridged certificate is called ''ipji'' 立旨, while an unabridged one is ''iban'' 立案 (estate certificate of registration). This document was made as a petition at first. Once the petition is ratified by a government office, it became a certificate. Therefore, the same document can be both a petition and a certificate.&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> <br /> 6.1. 康熙貳拾壹年壬戌十二月初八日 戶婢月梅處明文<br /> <br /> The bill of sale&lt;ref&gt; A bill of sale (''myeongmun'' 明文) was given to a buyer when a deal was concluded between two individuals privately before having a government’s warrant.&lt;/ref&gt; to Chief Female Slave Wolmae&lt;ref&gt; Slave Wolmae is carrying out this business for her master Yi Pilseong. The ''yangban'' literati considered it shameful to be involved in business transactions themselves during the Joseon period.&lt;/ref&gt; on the 8th day of the 12th month of the 20th year [1682] of Emperor Kangxi’s reign [1661-1722]<br /> <br /> <br /> 右明文爲臥乎事段 矣身許多食口 連値㐫荒 生利爲難乙仍于 勢不得已 花山一道面 大路越員伏在 若字畓玖斗落只 參夜味內東邊參斗落只 壹夜味負數拾負參束庫乙 正租拾石以交易<br /> <br /> The purpose of this bill of sale is as follows:&lt;ref&gt; The literal translation of this sentence would be “The bill of sale mentioned on the right is as follows.” There are two explanations on the usage of wu 右 (“right”): one is that it refers to the word “bill of sale” 明文 written vertically on the right side. The other is that it suggests the document placed in a ruler’s right side which he was supposed to deal with first. Thus, wu 右 means the present document, which is based on A Clear Distinction of Styles (''Wenti mingbian'' 文體明辨). See Kim Seong-gap, “Joseonsidae myeongmun e gwanhan munseohakjeok yeon-gu 朝鮮時代 明文에 관한 文書學的 硏究,” (Ph.D. Diss., The Graduate School of Korean Studies, 2009), 66-7.&lt;/ref&gt; Since I [Dami] have many people in my family and encountered a series of severe famines, it is difficult to find the means to live on.&lt;ref&gt; This was a typical statement of contracts because it was forbidden for people to sell their inherited lands at their disposal in the Rank Land Law (''gwajeonbeop'' 科田法). However, in the sixth year of King Sejong’s reign, it was allowed in such urgent situations as providing for the funeral and burial of their parents, repaying their outstanding debts, or escaping from the grinding poverty. See Veritable Records of King Sejong, Year 6 (1424), Month 3, Day 23, Entry 3. (available at http://esillok.history.go.kr/front/index.do). Thereafter, people usually started with plausible excuses when they wrote this kind of document.&lt;/ref&gt; In this situation, I have no other choice but to exchange a strip of rice paddy for ten ''seok''&lt;ref&gt; One ''seok'' 石 (''seom'' in vernacular Korean) is approximately 180 liters. &lt;/ref&gt; of unhusked rice. The rice paddy is three ''durakji'' on the east side of three strips of paddy among nine ''durakji'' of the ''yak''&lt;ref&gt; ''Yak'' 若 is the 283rd character in the ''Qianzi wen'' 千字文 (''Thousand Character Classics''), which is used to refer to the location of the land.&lt;/ref&gt; paddy on Daerowol Plain of Hwasan ildo-myeon,&lt;ref&gt; This is located in modern Haenam in South Jeolla province.&lt;/ref&gt; producing ten loads&lt;ref&gt; The character for “load” is bu 負 (“burden”) or bu 卜 (“Korean A-frame carrier”), which is the amount of crop yields that a man could carry on his back with the A-frame carrier.&lt;/ref&gt; and three bundles&lt;ref&gt; The character for “bundle” is ''sok'' 束 (“bind”), which is the amount of rice plants. A handful of rice plants are called one pa 把 (“to grasp”). Ten handfuls (''pa'') of rice plants make one bundle (''sok'').&lt;/ref&gt; of grain. <br /> <br /> <br /> 依數捧上爲遣 同婢處永永放賣爲去乎 後此同生子息姪子中 生謀雜談爲去等 此文記告官卞正事<br /> <br /> I take the amount [of rice] and sell the property to the female slave [Wolmae] in perpetuity. Should there be a dispute at a later date among my siblings and nephews, take this document and report to the authorities for justice in this matter.<br /> <br /> <br /> 畓主 私奴 淡伊 (左寸)<br /> <br /> Paddy Owner: Private Male Slave, Dami [Signature of Left Index Finger Joint]<br /> <br /> <br /> 證人 同姓姪子私奴 石碧 (左寸)<br /> <br /> Witness: Paternal Nephew’s Male Slave, Seokbyeok [Signature of Left Index Finger Joint]<br /> <br /> <br /> 證保 內奴 處日 (左寸)<br /> <br /> Guarantor: Male Slave of the Palace Supply Bureau, Cheo-il [Signature of Left Index Finger Joint]<br /> <br /> <br /> 筆執 正兵 陳得昌 (手決)<br /> <br /> Scribe: Conscript Soldier, Jin Teukchang [Signature]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> |-<br /> | [[File:1683사노담이초사.jpg |border|1683사노담이초사|400px]]<br /> ||<br /> 癸亥三月初八日畓主私奴<br /> <br /> 淡伊年<br /> <br /> 白等矣身亦生利爲難<br /> <br /> 仍于資生次花山一道面大<br /> <br /> 路越員伏在若字畓九<br /> <br /> 斗落只參夜味內東邊<br /> <br /> 三斗落只一夜味庫乙<br /> <br /> 正租十石以折價捧上爲白遣<br /> <br /> 上項幼學李必晟戶婢月<br /> <br /> 梅處永永放賣的實爲白置相<br /> <br /> 考施行<br /> <br /> 白<br /> <br /> 官[押]<br /> ||<br /> (translation)<br /> <br /> 6.3. 招辭 1<br /> <br /> Statement of the Seller<br /> <br /> <br /> 癸亥三月初八日<br /> <br /> On the eighth day of the third month of the year ''gyehye'' [1683]<br /> <br /> <br /> 畓主私奴淡伊年 白等矣身亦 生利爲難仍于 資生次 花山一道面 大路越員伏在 若字畓九斗落只 參夜味內東邊三斗落只 一夜味庫乙 正租十石以 折價捧上爲白遣 上項幼學李必晟戶婢月梅處 永永放賣的實爲白置 相考施行<br /> I, Dami, as the paddy owner and private male slave aged ,&lt;ref&gt; His age is not recorded in the original text. The space for Dami’s age is not filled in.&lt;/ref&gt; state that I had a hard time making a living and so, in order to survive, I set the price of a strip of paddy which is three ''durakji'' on the east side of three strips of paddy among nine ''durakji'' of the ''yak'' paddy on Daerowol Plain of Hwasan ildo-myeon. Ten ''seok'' of unhusked rice was the set price and I accepted the amount. It is certainly true that the property was sold in perpetuity to Wolmae, chief female slave of the above-mentioned scholar Yi Pilseong. Please consider this and certify it.<br /> <br /> <br /> 官(押)<br /> <br /> Government Office [Signature]<br /> <br /> <br /> |-<br /> | [[File:1683사노석벽초사.jpg |border|1683사노석벽초사|400px]]<br /> ||<br /> 同日 證人私奴石碧年<br /> <br /> 證保內奴處日年<br /> <br /> 筆執正兵陳得昌年<br /> <br /> 白等奴淡伊亦生利爲難其矣<br /> <br /> 畓庫是在花山一道面大路越員伏<br /> <br /> 在若字畓三斗落只一夜味庫乙<br /> <br /> 價正租拾石以交易捧上爲遣<br /> <br /> 前項幼學李必晟戶婢月梅<br /> <br /> 處永永放賣時叅訂的實<br /> <br /> 爲白置相考施行<br /> <br /> 白[左寸]<br /> <br /> 白[左寸]<br /> <br /> 白[左寸]<br /> <br /> 白[署押]<br /> <br /> 官[押]<br /> <br /> ||<br /> (translation)<br /> <br /> 6.4. 招辭 2<br /> <br /> Statement of the Witness, the Guarantor, and the Scribe <br /> <br /> <br /> 同日 證人私奴石碧年 證保內奴處日年 筆執正兵陳得昌年 白等奴淡伊亦生利爲難 其矣畓庫是在 花山一道面 大路越員伏在 若字畓三斗落只 一夜味庫乙 價正租拾石 以交易捧上爲遣 前項幼學李必晟戶婢月梅處 永永放賣時 叅訂的實爲白置 相考施行<br /> <br /> On the same day, Witness Seokbyeok aged ,&lt;ref&gt; His age is not recorded in the original text. The space for Seokbyeok’s age is not filled in. &lt;/ref&gt; who is a private slave, Guarantor Cheo-il aged , who is a slave of the Palace Supply Bureau, and Scribe Jin Deukchang aged , who is a conscript soldier, state that Tami, a male slave, had a hard time making a living. [Thus,] he exchanged a strip of rice paddy for ten ''seok'' of unhusked rice. The rice paddy is three ''durakji'' in the ''yak''&lt;ref&gt; ''Yak'' 若 is the 283rd character in the ''Qianzi wen'' 千字文 (''Thousand Character Classics''), which is used to refer to the location of the land.&lt;/ref&gt; paddy on Daerowol Plain of Hwasan ildo-myeon. It is affirmed that the property was sold in perpetuity to Wolmae, chief female slave in the previously mentioned scholar Yi Pilseong’s house. Please consider this and certify it.<br /> <br /> <br /> 白 [左寸]<br /> <br /> Witness [Signature of Left Index Finger Joint]<br /> <br /> <br /> 白 [左寸]<br /> <br /> Witness [Signature of Left Index Finger Joint]<br /> <br /> <br /> 白 [左寸]<br /> <br /> Witness [Signature of Left Index Finger Joint]<br /> <br /> <br /> 白 [署押]<br /> <br /> Witness [Signature]<br /> <br /> <br /> 官 [押]<br /> <br /> Government Office [Signature]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> |-<br /> | [[File:1683호비월매입안.jpg |border|1683호비월매입안|400px]]<br /> ||<br /> 康熙二十二年三月日海南縣立案<br /> <br /> 右立案爲後考事粘連詳狀據<br /> <br /> 叅訂各人等招辭是置有亦上項<br /> <br /> 幼學李必晟戶婢月梅亦私奴<br /> <br /> 淡伊處花山一道面大道越員伏<br /> <br /> 在若字畓三斗落只庫乙買得<br /> <br /> 的實爲乎等以葉作官上爲<br /> <br /> 遣以憑後考次合行立案者<br /> <br /> 縣監[管押]<br /> ||<br /> (translation)<br /> <br /> 6.5. 康熙二十二年三月日海南縣立案<br /> <br /> Certificate issued by Haenam Prefecture on a certain day of the third month of the 24th year [1684] of Emperor Kangxi’s reign [1661-1722]<br /> <br /> <br /> 右立案爲後考事 粘連詳狀據<br /> <br /> This certificate is made to testify to this matter later based upon the attached documents with all the details. <br /> <br /> <br /> 叅訂各人等 招辭是置有亦 上項幼學李必晟戶婢月梅亦 私奴淡伊處 花山一道面 大道越員伏在 若字畓三斗落只庫乙買得 的實爲乎等 以葉作官上爲遣 以憑後考次 合行立案者<br /> <br /> Since each of the witnesses made a statement that it was certainly true for Wolmae, chief female slave of the previously mentioned scholar Yi Pilseong, to have bought three ''durakji'' of the yak paddy on Daerowol Plain of Hwasan ildo-myeon from Dami, private male slave, this official document is made. In order to be used as evidence later, the certificate should be issued.<br /> <br /> <br /> 縣監 [官押]<br /> <br /> Magistrate [of Haenam Prefecture] [Government Signature]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> =='''Discussion Questions'''==<br /> #<br /> #<br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Further Readings'''==<br /> &lt;!--<br /> &lt;div style=&quot;color:#008080;&quot;&gt;<br /> * View together with '''~~'''.<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> --&gt;<br /> *崔承熙, 『韓國古文書硏究』, 知識産業社, 1989. <br /> *法制處, 『古法典用語集』, 育志社, 1981. <br /> *檀國大學校 東洋學硏究所, 『韓國漢字語辭典』, 檀國大學校出版部, 1996. <br /> *장지영, 장세경, 『이두사전』, 정음사, 1983.<br /> <br /> =='''References'''==<br /> &lt;references/&gt;<br /> <br /> =='''Translation'''==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> *Discussion Questions:<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:2018 Hanmun Summer Workshop]]<br /> [[Category: Advanced Translation Group]]</div>

Sanghoon Na http://dh.aks.ac.kr/jsg/index.php?title=(Translation)_%E6%B5%B7%E5%8D%97%E5%B0%B9%E6%B0%8F_%E5%9C%9F%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%B7%E8%B3%A3_%E7%AB%8B%E6%A1%88&diff=15651 2018-08-25T09:14:52Z

<p>Sanghoon Na: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Primary Source Document3<br /> |Image = 1682호비월매토지매매명문등.jpg<br /> |English = Estate Certificate by Haenam Prefecture <br /> |Chinese = [http://archive.aks.ac.kr/imageViewer/ImageViewer.aspx?datauci=G002+AKS+KSM-XD.1683.4682-20101008.B003a_003_00409_001&amp;refuci=G002+AKS+KSM-XD.1683.0000-20101008.B003a_003_00409_003&amp;fname=G002+AKS+KSM-XD.1683.4682-20101008.B003a_003_00409_001-IMG.001.jpg&amp;closed=true 海南尹氏 土地買賣 立案]<br /> |Korean = 해남윤씨 토지매매입안(Haenam Yunssi Tojimaemae Iban)<br /> |Genre = [[Historical Manuscripts]]<br /> |Type = Certificate<br /> |Author = Tami <br /> |Year = 1683<br /> |Key Concepts= bill of sale, petition, certificate, chief slave <br /> |Translator = [[2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced)#Participants | Participants of 2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced Translation Group)]]<br /> |Editor = Sanghoon Na<br /> |Translation Year = 2018<br /> <br /> }}<br /> [[File:Backward.png|right|40px|link=2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced)#Primary Sources for Korean Studies]]<br /> &lt;gallery&gt;<br /> 파일:1683해남현입지.jpg |link=(Translation) 海南尹氏 土地買賣 立案|III-6-1. 1683年 海南縣 立旨 해남현 입지('' Haenamhyeon Ipji'')<br /> 파일:1682호비월매토지매매명문.jpg |link=(Translation) 海南尹氏 土地買賣 立案|III-6-2. 1682年 戶婢 月梅 土地賣買明文 호비 월매 토지매매명문(''Toji-maemae-myeongmun'')<br /> 파일:1683사노담이초사.jpg |link=(Translation) 海南尹氏 土地買賣 立案|III-6-3. 1683년 私奴 淡伊 招辭 사노 담이 초사(''Sano Dami Chosa'')<br /> 파일:1683사노석벽초사.jpg |link=(Translation) 海南尹氏 土地買賣 立案|III-6-4. 1683년 私奴 石碧 招辭 사노 석벽 초사(''Sano Seokbyeong Chosa'')<br /> 파일:1683호비월매입안.jpg |link=(Translation) 海南尹氏 土地買賣 立案|III-6-5. 1683年 戶婢 月梅 立案 호비 월매 입안(''Hobi Wolmae Iban'')<br /> &lt;/gallery&gt;<br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Introduction'''==<br /> <br /> 1683년 해남현(海南縣) 입지(立旨)<br /> <br /> <br /> http://archive.aks.ac.kr/Inspection/insDirView.aspx?dataUCI=G002+AKS+KSM-XD.1683.4682-20101008.B003a_003_00409_001<br /> <br /> <br /> 1682년(肅宗8)에 私奴 淡伊가 幼學 李必晟의 戶婢 月梅에게 畓 9마지기를 放賣하면서 작성한 明文.<br /> <br /> <br /> 주제<br /> 1682년(肅宗8)에 사노 담이가 畓 3마지기를 유학 이필성의 호비 월매에게 正租 10石을 받고 팔면서 써준 明文이다. 正租는 벼를 말한다. 매매 대상인 토지는 花山一道面 大路越員에 있는 若字 畓 3마지기인데, 이는 세 배미[夜味]로 이루어진 9마지기의 일부분으로서, 東邊의 한 배미이며, 卜數로는 10卜 3束이다. 배미[夜味]는 하나의 논두렁으로 구획된 畓 한 개를 헤아릴 때 쓰는 말이다. 따라서 이는 면적의 광협과는 상관이 없는 말이다. 員은 전답이 소재하는 들판을 이른다. 이 명문의 작성에는 畓主 이외에, 證人으로는 사노 石碧이, 證人 및 保人으로는 內奴 處日이, 筆執으로는 진득창이 각각 참여하였다. 內奴는 內需司에 소속된 종이다. 이 명문에는 증인, 보인, 필집이 각각 이 매매의 내용이 진실함을 진술한 招辭가 붙어 있으며, 官에서는 이를 기초로 이듬해인 1683년(肅宗9)에 이 매매 사실을 확인해주는 立案을 발급하였다.<br /> <br /> <br /> 용어<br /> 마지기(斗落只)는 파종량을 기준으로 한 전답의 면적 단위이다. 1마지기는 한 말[斗]의 씨앗을 파종할 수 있는 면적인데, 대개 토질에 따라 그 면적의 크기에 다소 차이가 있다. 卜數는 소출량에 근거한 租稅 單位이며, 負數로도 쓴다. 1負는 타작하기 전의 볏단 한 짐의 분량이다.<br /> <br /> =='''Original Script'''==<br /> <br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; background-color:#ffffff;&quot;<br /> !style=&quot;width:25%;&quot;|Image || style=&quot;width:25%;&quot;|Text || style=&quot;width:50%;&quot;| Translation<br /> |-<br /> | [[File:1683해남현입지.jpg |border|1683해남현입지|400px]]<br /> ||<br /> 花山面居幼學李必晟戶婢月梅<br /> <br /> 右謹陳所志矣段婢矣上典主敎是縣居私奴<br /> <br /> 淡伊處花山一道大路越員若字畓參斗<br /> <br /> 落只庫乙上年分買得未及官斜爲白有等<br /> <br /> 以敢此呼訴爲白去乎依例斜給行下爲白只爲<br /> <br /> 行下向敎是事<br /> <br /> 官司主處分<br /> <br /> 癸亥三月 日所志<br /> <br /> 官[押]<br /> <br /> [題辭]依願斜給向事 初五<br /> ||<br /> (translation)<br /> <br /> 花山面居幼學李必晟戶婢月梅 <br /> <br /> Wolmae, chief female slave of Yi Pilseong who is a scholar&lt;ref&gt; The characters for a scholar are ''yuhak'' 幼學, which literally means a “young learner” who did not pass the civil service examination yet. JaHyun K. Haboush translates it into a “student scholar” (Haboush, ''The Confucian Kingship in Korea'', 90) and Eugene Y. Park renders it into a “degreeless scholars.” (Park, ''Between Dreams and Reality'', 41).&lt;/ref&gt; The literal translation of this sentence would be “The bill of sale mentioned on the right is as follows.”&lt;ref&gt; The literal translation of this sentence would be “The petition mentioned on the right is as follows.”There are two explanations on the usage of ''wu'' 右 (“right”): one is that it refers to the word “bill of sale” 明文 written vertically on the right side. The other is that it suggests the document placed in a ruler’s right side which he was supposed to deal with first. Thus, wu 右 means the present document, which is based on ''A Clear Distinction of Styles'' (''Wenti mingbian'' 文體明辨). See Kim Seong-gap, “Joseonsidae myeongmun e gwanhan munseohakjeok yeon-gu 朝鮮時代 明文에 관한 文書學的 硏究,” (Ph.D. Diss., The Graduate School of Korean Studies, 2009), 66-7.&lt;/ref&gt; residing in Hwasan-myeon, <br /> <br /> <br /> 右謹陳所志矣段 婢矣上典主敎是 縣居私奴淡伊處 花山一道 大路越員 若字畓 參斗落只庫乙 上年分買得 未及官斜爲白有等以 敢此呼訴爲白去乎 依例斜給行下爲白只爲 <br /> <br /> The purpose of this petition is as follows: My master bought three ''durakji'' of the yak paddy on Daerowol Plain of Hwasan ildo [-myeon] from the male slave Dami, living in the same prefecture, last year. However, the certificate has not been issued yet, therefore I humbly appeal to you. According to precedent, please grant me the certificate.<br /> <br /> <br /> 行下向敎是事<br /> <br /> Please grant this petition.<br /> <br /> <br /> 官司主處分<br /> <br /> Request for Magistrate’s Approval <br /> <br /> <br /> 癸亥三月日 所志 <br /> <br /> Petition submitted on a certain day&lt;ref&gt; According to Sim Yeong-hwan (Senior Researcher at the Jangseogak Archives of The Academy of Korean Studies), it was usual that the exact date was not filled in because the drafter did not know when the petition would be delivered after it was completed. According to Mun Sukja (Researcher at the SNU Law Research Institute), the documents of the late Joseon period tended to omit the date unlike those of the early- or mid-Joseon period. Mun Sukja, “Reading the Documents of Property Distribution” (lecture, The Academy of Korean Studies, Seongnam, Gyeonggi province, August 22, 2018).&lt;/ref&gt; of the third month of the year ''gyehae'' [1683]<br /> <br /> <br /> (官押)<br /> <br /> [Government Signature]<br /> <br /> <br /> [題辭] 依願斜給向事 初五<br /> <br /> [Official Decision] A certificate is issued according to your wish on the fifth day.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> |-<br /> | [[File:1682호비월매토지매매명문.jpg |border|1682호비월매토지매매명문|400px]]<br /> ||<br /> 康熙貳拾壹年壬戌十二月初八日戶婢月梅處<br /> <br /> 明文<br /> <br /> 右明文爲臥乎事段矣身許多食口連<br /> <br /> 値㐫荒生利爲難乙仍于勢不得已花<br /> <br /> 山一道面大路越員伏在若字畓玖斗落只<br /> <br /> 參夜味內東邊參斗落只壹夜味負數拾<br /> <br /> 負參束庫乙正租拾石以交易依數捧上<br /> <br /> 爲遣同婢處永永放賣爲去乎後此同<br /> <br /> 生子息姪子中生謀雜談爲去等此<br /> <br /> 文記告官卞正事<br /> <br /> 畓主私奴淡伊[左寸]<br /> <br /> 證人同姓姪子私奴石碧[左寸]<br /> <br /> 證保內奴處日[左寸]<br /> <br /> 筆執正兵陳得昌[署押]<br /> ||<br /> (translation)<br /> <br /> III-6. 海南尹氏 土地買賣 立案&lt;ref&gt; An abridged certificate is called ''ipji'' 立旨, while an unabridged one is ''iban'' 立案 (estate certificate of registration). This document was made as a petition at first. Once the petition is ratified by a government office, it became a certificate. Therefore, the same document can be both a petition and a certificate.&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> <br /> 6.1. 康熙貳拾壹年壬戌十二月初八日 戶婢月梅處明文<br /> <br /> The bill of sale&lt;ref&gt; A bill of sale (''myeongmun'' 明文) was given to a buyer when a deal was concluded between two individuals privately before having a government’s warrant.&lt;/ref&gt; to Chief Female Slave Wolmae&lt;ref&gt; Slave Wolmae is carrying out this business for her master Yi Pilseong. The ''yangban'' literati considered it shameful to be involved in business transactions themselves during the Joseon period.&lt;/ref&gt; on the 8th day of the 12th month of the 20th year [1682] of Emperor Kangxi’s reign [1661-1722]<br /> <br /> <br /> 右明文爲臥乎事段 矣身許多食口 連値㐫荒 生利爲難乙仍于 勢不得已 花山一道面 大路越員伏在 若字畓玖斗落只 參夜味內東邊參斗落只 壹夜味負數拾負參束庫乙 正租拾石以交易<br /> <br /> The purpose of this bill of sale is as follows:&lt;ref&gt; The literal translation of this sentence would be “The bill of sale mentioned on the right is as follows.” There are two explanations on the usage of wu 右 (“right”): one is that it refers to the word “bill of sale” 明文 written vertically on the right side. The other is that it suggests the document placed in a ruler’s right side which he was supposed to deal with first. Thus, wu 右 means the present document, which is based on A Clear Distinction of Styles (''Wenti mingbian'' 文體明辨). See Kim Seong-gap, “Joseonsidae myeongmun e gwanhan munseohakjeok yeon-gu 朝鮮時代 明文에 관한 文書學的 硏究,” (Ph.D. Diss., The Graduate School of Korean Studies, 2009), 66-7.&lt;/ref&gt; Since I [Dami] have many people in my family and encountered a series of severe famines, it is difficult to find the means to live on.&lt;ref&gt; This was a typical statement of contracts because it was forbidden for people to sell their inherited lands at their disposal in the Rank Land Law (''gwajeonbeop'' 科田法). However, in the sixth year of King Sejong’s reign, it was allowed in such urgent situations as providing for the funeral and burial of their parents, repaying their outstanding debts, or escaping from the grinding poverty. See Veritable Records of King Sejong, Year 6 (1424), Month 3, Day 23, Entry 3. (available at http://esillok.history.go.kr/front/index.do). Thereafter, people usually started with plausible excuses when they wrote this kind of document.&lt;/ref&gt; In this situation, I have no other choice but to exchange a strip of rice paddy for ten ''seok''&lt;ref&gt; One ''seok'' 石 (''seom'' in vernacular Korean) is approximately 180 liters. &lt;/ref&gt; of unhusked rice. The rice paddy is three ''durakji''&lt;ref&gt; Durakji 斗落只 or ''durak'' 斗落 (''majigi'' in vernacular Korean) is the amount of land on which one mal (18 liters) could be planted as seed. The size of land has varied in different regions. It is approximately 150-300 ''pyeong'' (495-990 square meters) for rice paddies and 100 ''pyeong'' (330 square meters) for dry fields. See James Palais, Confucian Statecraft and Korean Institutions, (Seattle and London: University of Washington Press, 1996), 364.&lt;/ref&gt; on the east side of three strips of paddy among nine ''durakji'' of the ''yak''&lt;ref&gt; ''Yak'' 若 is the 283rd character in the ''Qianzi wen'' 千字文 (''Thousand Character Classics''), which is used to refer to the location of the land.&lt;/ref&gt; paddy on Daerowol Plain of Hwasan ildo-myeon,&lt;ref&gt; This is located in modern Haenam in South Jeolla province.&lt;/ref&gt; producing ten loads&lt;ref&gt; The character for “load” is bu 負 (“burden”) or bu 卜 (“Korean A-frame carrier”), which is the amount of crop yields that a man could carry on his back with the A-frame carrier.&lt;/ref&gt; and three bundles&lt;ref&gt; The character for “bundle” is ''sok'' 束 (“bind”), which is the amount of rice plants. A handful of rice plants are called one pa 把 (“to grasp”). Ten handfuls (''pa'') of rice plants make one bundle (''sok'').&lt;/ref&gt; of grain. <br /> <br /> <br /> 依數捧上爲遣 同婢處永永放賣爲去乎 後此同生子息姪子中 生謀雜談爲去等 此文記告官卞正事<br /> <br /> I take the amount [of rice] and sell the property to the female slave [Wolmae] in perpetuity. Should there be a dispute at a later date among my siblings and nephews, take this document and report to the authorities for justice in this matter.<br /> <br /> <br /> 畓主 私奴 淡伊 (左寸)<br /> <br /> Paddy Owner: Private Male Slave, Dami [Signature of Left Index Finger Joint]<br /> <br /> <br /> 證人 同姓姪子私奴 石碧 (左寸)<br /> <br /> Witness: Paternal Nephew’s Male Slave, Seokbyeok [Signature of Left Index Finger Joint]<br /> <br /> <br /> 證保 內奴 處日 (左寸)<br /> <br /> Guarantor: Male Slave of the Palace Supply Bureau, Cheo-il [Signature of Left Index Finger Joint]<br /> <br /> <br /> 筆執 正兵 陳得昌 (手決)<br /> <br /> Scribe: Conscript Soldier, Jin Teukchang [Signature]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> |-<br /> | [[File:1683사노담이초사.jpg |border|1683사노담이초사|400px]]<br /> ||<br /> 癸亥三月初八日畓主私奴<br /> <br /> 淡伊年<br /> <br /> 白等矣身亦生利爲難<br /> <br /> 仍于資生次花山一道面大<br /> <br /> 路越員伏在若字畓九<br /> <br /> 斗落只參夜味內東邊<br /> <br /> 三斗落只一夜味庫乙<br /> <br /> 正租十石以折價捧上爲白遣<br /> <br /> 上項幼學李必晟戶婢月<br /> <br /> 梅處永永放賣的實爲白置相<br /> <br /> 考施行<br /> <br /> 白<br /> <br /> 官[押]<br /> ||<br /> (translation)<br /> <br /> 6.3. 招辭 1<br /> <br /> Statement of the Seller<br /> <br /> <br /> 癸亥三月初八日<br /> <br /> On the eighth day of the third month of the year ''gyehye'' [1683]<br /> <br /> <br /> 畓主私奴淡伊年 白等矣身亦 生利爲難仍于 資生次 花山一道面 大路越員伏在 若字畓九斗落只 參夜味內東邊三斗落只 一夜味庫乙 正租十石以 折價捧上爲白遣 上項幼學李必晟戶婢月梅處 永永放賣的實爲白置 相考施行<br /> I, Dami, as the paddy owner and private male slave aged ,&lt;ref&gt; His age is not recorded in the original text. The space for Dami’s age is not filled in.&lt;/ref&gt; state that I had a hard time making a living and so, in order to survive, I set the price of a strip of paddy which is three ''durakji'' on the east side of three strips of paddy among nine ''durakji'' of the ''yak'' paddy on Daerowol Plain of Hwasan ildo-myeon. Ten ''seok'' of unhusked rice was the set price and I accepted the amount. It is certainly true that the property was sold in perpetuity to Wolmae, chief female slave of the above-mentioned scholar Yi Pilseong. Please consider this and certify it.<br /> <br /> <br /> 官(押)<br /> <br /> Government Office [Signature]<br /> <br /> <br /> |-<br /> | [[File:1683사노석벽초사.jpg |border|1683사노석벽초사|400px]]<br /> ||<br /> 同日 證人私奴石碧年<br /> <br /> 證保內奴處日年<br /> <br /> 筆執正兵陳得昌年<br /> <br /> 白等奴淡伊亦生利爲難其矣<br /> <br /> 畓庫是在花山一道面大路越員伏<br /> <br /> 在若字畓三斗落只一夜味庫乙<br /> <br /> 價正租拾石以交易捧上爲遣<br /> <br /> 前項幼學李必晟戶婢月梅<br /> <br /> 處永永放賣時叅訂的實<br /> <br /> 爲白置相考施行<br /> <br /> 白[左寸]<br /> <br /> 白[左寸]<br /> <br /> 白[左寸]<br /> <br /> 白[署押]<br /> <br /> 官[押]<br /> <br /> ||<br /> (translation)<br /> <br /> 6.4. 招辭 2<br /> <br /> Statement of the Witness, the Guarantor, and the Scribe <br /> <br /> <br /> 同日 證人私奴石碧年 證保內奴處日年 筆執正兵陳得昌年 白等奴淡伊亦生利爲難 其矣畓庫是在 花山一道面 大路越員伏在 若字畓三斗落只 一夜味庫乙 價正租拾石 以交易捧上爲遣 前項幼學李必晟戶婢月梅處 永永放賣時 叅訂的實爲白置 相考施行<br /> <br /> On the same day, Witness Seokbyeok aged ,&lt;ref&gt; His age is not recorded in the original text. The space for Seokbyeok’s age is not filled in. &lt;/ref&gt; who is a private slave, Guarantor Cheo-il aged , who is a slave of the Palace Supply Bureau, and Scribe Jin Deukchang aged , who is a conscript soldier, state that Tami, a male slave, had a hard time making a living. [Thus,] he exchanged a strip of rice paddy for ten ''seok'' of unhusked rice. The rice paddy is three ''durakji'' in the ''yak''&lt;ref&gt; ''Yak'' 若 is the 283rd character in the ''Qianzi wen'' 千字文 (''Thousand Character Classics''), which is used to refer to the location of the land.&lt;/ref&gt; paddy on Daerowol Plain of Hwasan ildo-myeon. It is affirmed that the property was sold in perpetuity to Wolmae, chief female slave in the previously mentioned scholar Yi Pilseong’s house. Please consider this and certify it.<br /> <br /> <br /> 白 [左寸]<br /> <br /> Witness [Signature of Left Index Finger Joint]<br /> <br /> <br /> 白 [左寸]<br /> <br /> Witness [Signature of Left Index Finger Joint]<br /> <br /> <br /> 白 [左寸]<br /> <br /> Witness [Signature of Left Index Finger Joint]<br /> <br /> <br /> 白 [署押]<br /> <br /> Witness [Signature]<br /> <br /> <br /> 官 [押]<br /> <br /> Government Office [Signature]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> |-<br /> | [[File:1683호비월매입안.jpg |border|1683호비월매입안|400px]]<br /> ||<br /> 康熙二十二年三月日海南縣立案<br /> <br /> 右立案爲後考事粘連詳狀據<br /> <br /> 叅訂各人等招辭是置有亦上項<br /> <br /> 幼學李必晟戶婢月梅亦私奴<br /> <br /> 淡伊處花山一道面大道越員伏<br /> <br /> 在若字畓三斗落只庫乙買得<br /> <br /> 的實爲乎等以葉作官上爲<br /> <br /> 遣以憑後考次合行立案者<br /> <br /> 縣監[管押]<br /> ||<br /> (translation)<br /> <br /> 6.5. 康熙二十二年三月日海南縣立案<br /> <br /> Certificate issued by Haenam Prefecture on a certain day of the third month of the 24th year [1684] of Emperor Kangxi’s reign [1661-1722]<br /> <br /> <br /> 右立案爲後考事 粘連詳狀據<br /> <br /> This certificate is made to testify to this matter later based upon the attached documents with all the details. <br /> <br /> <br /> 叅訂各人等 招辭是置有亦 上項幼學李必晟戶婢月梅亦 私奴淡伊處 花山一道面 大道越員伏在 若字畓三斗落只庫乙買得 的實爲乎等 以葉作官上爲遣 以憑後考次 合行立案者<br /> <br /> Since each of the witnesses made a statement that it was certainly true for Wolmae, chief female slave of the previously mentioned scholar Yi Pilseong, to have bought three ''durakji'' of the yak paddy on Daerowol Plain of Hwasan ildo-myeon from Dami, private male slave, this official document is made. In order to be used as evidence later, the certificate should be issued.<br /> <br /> <br /> 縣監 [官押]<br /> <br /> Magistrate [of Haenam Prefecture] [Government Signature]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> =='''Discussion Questions'''==<br /> #<br /> #<br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Further Readings'''==<br /> &lt;!--<br /> &lt;div style=&quot;color:#008080;&quot;&gt;<br /> * View together with '''~~'''.<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> --&gt;<br /> *崔承熙, 『韓國古文書硏究』, 知識産業社, 1989. <br /> *法制處, 『古法典用語集』, 育志社, 1981. <br /> *檀國大學校 東洋學硏究所, 『韓國漢字語辭典』, 檀國大學校出版部, 1996. <br /> *장지영, 장세경, 『이두사전』, 정음사, 1983.<br /> <br /> =='''References'''==<br /> &lt;references/&gt;<br /> <br /> =='''Translation'''==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> *Discussion Questions:<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:2018 Hanmun Summer Workshop]]<br /> [[Category: Advanced Translation Group]]</div>

Sanghoon Na http://dh.aks.ac.kr/jsg/index.php?title=(Translation)_%E6%B5%B7%E5%8D%97%E5%B0%B9%E6%B0%8F_%E5%9C%9F%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%B7%E8%B3%A3_%E7%AB%8B%E6%A1%88&diff=15650 2018-08-25T09:13:41Z

<p>Sanghoon Na: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Primary Source Document3<br /> |Image = 1682호비월매토지매매명문등.jpg<br /> |English = Estate Certificate by Haenam Prefecture <br /> |Chinese = [http://archive.aks.ac.kr/imageViewer/ImageViewer.aspx?datauci=G002+AKS+KSM-XD.1683.4682-20101008.B003a_003_00409_001&amp;refuci=G002+AKS+KSM-XD.1683.0000-20101008.B003a_003_00409_003&amp;fname=G002+AKS+KSM-XD.1683.4682-20101008.B003a_003_00409_001-IMG.001.jpg&amp;closed=true 海南尹氏 土地買賣 立案]<br /> |Korean = 해남윤씨 토지매매입안(Haenam Yunssi Tojimaemae Iban)<br /> |Genre = [[Historical Manuscripts]]<br /> |Type = Certificate<br /> |Author = Tami <br /> |Year = 1683<br /> |Key Concepts= bill of sale, petition, certificate, chief slave <br /> |Translator = [[2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced)#Participants | Participants of 2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced Translation Group)]]<br /> |Editor = Sanghoon Na<br /> |Translation Year = 2018<br /> <br /> }}<br /> [[File:Backward.png|right|40px|link=2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced)#Primary Sources for Korean Studies]]<br /> &lt;gallery&gt;<br /> 파일:1683해남현입지.jpg |link=(Translation) 海南尹氏 土地買賣 立案|III-6-1. 1683年 海南縣 立旨 해남현 입지('' Haenamhyeon Ipji'')<br /> 파일:1682호비월매토지매매명문.jpg |link=(Translation) 海南尹氏 土地買賣 立案|III-6-2. 1682年 戶婢 月梅 土地賣買明文 호비 월매 토지매매명문(''Toji-maemae-myeongmun'')<br /> 파일:1683사노담이초사.jpg |link=(Translation) 海南尹氏 土地買賣 立案|III-6-3. 1683년 私奴 淡伊 招辭 사노 담이 초사(''Sano Dami Chosa'')<br /> 파일:1683사노석벽초사.jpg |link=(Translation) 海南尹氏 土地買賣 立案|III-6-4. 1683년 私奴 石碧 招辭 사노 석벽 초사(''Sano Seokbyeong Chosa'')<br /> 파일:1683호비월매입안.jpg |link=(Translation) 海南尹氏 土地買賣 立案|III-6-5. 1683年 戶婢 月梅 立案 호비 월매 입안(''Hobi Wolmae Iban'')<br /> &lt;/gallery&gt;<br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Introduction'''==<br /> <br /> 1683년 해남현(海南縣) 입지(立旨)<br /> <br /> <br /> http://archive.aks.ac.kr/Inspection/insDirView.aspx?dataUCI=G002+AKS+KSM-XD.1683.4682-20101008.B003a_003_00409_001<br /> <br /> <br /> 1682년(肅宗8)에 私奴 淡伊가 幼學 李必晟의 戶婢 月梅에게 畓 9마지기를 放賣하면서 작성한 明文.<br /> <br /> <br /> 주제<br /> 1682년(肅宗8)에 사노 담이가 畓 3마지기를 유학 이필성의 호비 월매에게 正租 10石을 받고 팔면서 써준 明文이다. 正租는 벼를 말한다. 매매 대상인 토지는 花山一道面 大路越員에 있는 若字 畓 3마지기인데, 이는 세 배미[夜味]로 이루어진 9마지기의 일부분으로서, 東邊의 한 배미이며, 卜數로는 10卜 3束이다. 배미[夜味]는 하나의 논두렁으로 구획된 畓 한 개를 헤아릴 때 쓰는 말이다. 따라서 이는 면적의 광협과는 상관이 없는 말이다. 員은 전답이 소재하는 들판을 이른다. 이 명문의 작성에는 畓主 이외에, 證人으로는 사노 石碧이, 證人 및 保人으로는 內奴 處日이, 筆執으로는 진득창이 각각 참여하였다. 內奴는 內需司에 소속된 종이다. 이 명문에는 증인, 보인, 필집이 각각 이 매매의 내용이 진실함을 진술한 招辭가 붙어 있으며, 官에서는 이를 기초로 이듬해인 1683년(肅宗9)에 이 매매 사실을 확인해주는 立案을 발급하였다.<br /> <br /> <br /> 용어<br /> 마지기(斗落只)는 파종량을 기준으로 한 전답의 면적 단위이다. 1마지기는 한 말[斗]의 씨앗을 파종할 수 있는 면적인데, 대개 토질에 따라 그 면적의 크기에 다소 차이가 있다. 卜數는 소출량에 근거한 租稅 單位이며, 負數로도 쓴다. 1負는 타작하기 전의 볏단 한 짐의 분량이다.<br /> <br /> =='''Original Script'''==<br /> <br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; background-color:#ffffff;&quot;<br /> !style=&quot;width:25%;&quot;|Image || style=&quot;width:25%;&quot;|Text || style=&quot;width:50%;&quot;| Translation<br /> |-<br /> | [[File:1683해남현입지.jpg |border|1683해남현입지|400px]]<br /> ||<br /> 花山面居幼學李必晟戶婢月梅<br /> <br /> 右謹陳所志矣段婢矣上典主敎是縣居私奴<br /> <br /> 淡伊處花山一道大路越員若字畓參斗<br /> <br /> 落只庫乙上年分買得未及官斜爲白有等<br /> <br /> 以敢此呼訴爲白去乎依例斜給行下爲白只爲<br /> <br /> 行下向敎是事<br /> <br /> 官司主處分<br /> <br /> 癸亥三月 日所志<br /> <br /> 官[押]<br /> <br /> [題辭]依願斜給向事 初五<br /> ||<br /> (translation)<br /> <br /> 花山面居幼學李必晟戶婢月梅 <br /> <br /> Wolmae, chief female slave of Yi Pilseong who is a scholar&lt;ref&gt; The characters for a scholar are ''yuhak'' 幼學, which literally means a “young learner” who did not pass the civil service examination yet. JaHyun K. Haboush translates it into a “student scholar” (Haboush, ''The Confucian Kingship in Korea'', 90) and Eugene Y. Park renders it into a “degreeless scholars.” (Park, ''Between Dreams and Reality'', 41).&lt;ref&gt; The literal translation of this sentence would be “The bill of sale mentioned on the right is as follows.”&lt;ref&gt; The literal translation of this sentence would be “The petition mentioned on the right is as follows.”There are two explanations on the usage of ''wu'' 右 (“right”): one is that it refers to the word “bill of sale” 明文 written vertically on the right side. The other is that it suggests the document placed in a ruler’s right side which he was supposed to deal with first. Thus, wu 右 means the present document, which is based on ''A Clear Distinction of Styles'' (''Wenti mingbian'' 文體明辨). See Kim Seong-gap, “Joseonsidae myeongmun e gwanhan munseohakjeok yeon-gu 朝鮮時代 明文에 관한 文書學的 硏究,” (Ph.D. Diss., The Graduate School of Korean Studies, 2009), 66-7.&lt;/ref&gt; residing in Hwasan-myeon, <br /> <br /> <br /> 右謹陳所志矣段 婢矣上典主敎是 縣居私奴淡伊處 花山一道 大路越員 若字畓 參斗落只庫乙 上年分買得 未及官斜爲白有等以 敢此呼訴爲白去乎 依例斜給行下爲白只爲 <br /> <br /> The purpose of this petition is as follows: My master bought three ''durakji'' of the yak paddy on Daerowol Plain of Hwasan ildo [-myeon] from the male slave Dami, living in the same prefecture, last year. However, the certificate has not been issued yet, therefore I humbly appeal to you. According to precedent, please grant me the certificate.<br /> <br /> <br /> 行下向敎是事<br /> <br /> Please grant this petition.<br /> <br /> <br /> 官司主處分<br /> <br /> Request for Magistrate’s Approval <br /> <br /> <br /> 癸亥三月日 所志 <br /> <br /> Petition submitted on a certain day&lt;ref&gt; According to Sim Yeong-hwan (Senior Researcher at the Jangseogak Archives of The Academy of Korean Studies), it was usual that the exact date was not filled in because the drafter did not know when the petition would be delivered after it was completed. According to Mun Sukja (Researcher at the SNU Law Research Institute), the documents of the late Joseon period tended to omit the date unlike those of the early- or mid-Joseon period. Mun Sukja, “Reading the Documents of Property Distribution” (lecture, The Academy of Korean Studies, Seongnam, Gyeonggi province, August 22, 2018).&lt;/ref&gt; of the third month of the year ''gyehae'' [1683]<br /> <br /> <br /> (官押)<br /> <br /> [Government Signature]<br /> <br /> <br /> [題辭] 依願斜給向事 初五<br /> <br /> [Official Decision] A certificate is issued according to your wish on the fifth day.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> |-<br /> | [[File:1682호비월매토지매매명문.jpg |border|1682호비월매토지매매명문|400px]]<br /> ||<br /> 康熙貳拾壹年壬戌十二月初八日戶婢月梅處<br /> <br /> 明文<br /> <br /> 右明文爲臥乎事段矣身許多食口連<br /> <br /> 値㐫荒生利爲難乙仍于勢不得已花<br /> <br /> 山一道面大路越員伏在若字畓玖斗落只<br /> <br /> 參夜味內東邊參斗落只壹夜味負數拾<br /> <br /> 負參束庫乙正租拾石以交易依數捧上<br /> <br /> 爲遣同婢處永永放賣爲去乎後此同<br /> <br /> 生子息姪子中生謀雜談爲去等此<br /> <br /> 文記告官卞正事<br /> <br /> 畓主私奴淡伊[左寸]<br /> <br /> 證人同姓姪子私奴石碧[左寸]<br /> <br /> 證保內奴處日[左寸]<br /> <br /> 筆執正兵陳得昌[署押]<br /> ||<br /> (translation)<br /> <br /> III-6. 海南尹氏 土地買賣 立案&lt;ref&gt; An abridged certificate is called ''ipji'' 立旨, while an unabridged one is ''iban'' 立案 (estate certificate of registration). This document was made as a petition at first. Once the petition is ratified by a government office, it became a certificate. Therefore, the same document can be both a petition and a certificate.&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> <br /> 6.1. 康熙貳拾壹年壬戌十二月初八日 戶婢月梅處明文<br /> <br /> The bill of sale&lt;ref&gt; A bill of sale (''myeongmun'' 明文) was given to a buyer when a deal was concluded between two individuals privately before having a government’s warrant.&lt;/ref&gt; to Chief Female Slave Wolmae&lt;ref&gt; Slave Wolmae is carrying out this business for her master Yi Pilseong. The ''yangban'' literati considered it shameful to be involved in business transactions themselves during the Joseon period.&lt;/ref&gt; on the 8th day of the 12th month of the 20th year [1682] of Emperor Kangxi’s reign [1661-1722]<br /> <br /> <br /> 右明文爲臥乎事段 矣身許多食口 連値㐫荒 生利爲難乙仍于 勢不得已 花山一道面 大路越員伏在 若字畓玖斗落只 參夜味內東邊參斗落只 壹夜味負數拾負參束庫乙 正租拾石以交易<br /> <br /> The purpose of this bill of sale is as follows:&lt;ref&gt; The literal translation of this sentence would be “The bill of sale mentioned on the right is as follows.” There are two explanations on the usage of wu 右 (“right”): one is that it refers to the word “bill of sale” 明文 written vertically on the right side. The other is that it suggests the document placed in a ruler’s right side which he was supposed to deal with first. Thus, wu 右 means the present document, which is based on A Clear Distinction of Styles (''Wenti mingbian'' 文體明辨). See Kim Seong-gap, “Joseonsidae myeongmun e gwanhan munseohakjeok yeon-gu 朝鮮時代 明文에 관한 文書學的 硏究,” (Ph.D. Diss., The Graduate School of Korean Studies, 2009), 66-7.&lt;/ref&gt; Since I [Dami] have many people in my family and encountered a series of severe famines, it is difficult to find the means to live on.&lt;ref&gt; This was a typical statement of contracts because it was forbidden for people to sell their inherited lands at their disposal in the Rank Land Law (''gwajeonbeop'' 科田法). However, in the sixth year of King Sejong’s reign, it was allowed in such urgent situations as providing for the funeral and burial of their parents, repaying their outstanding debts, or escaping from the grinding poverty. See Veritable Records of King Sejong, Year 6 (1424), Month 3, Day 23, Entry 3. (available at http://esillok.history.go.kr/front/index.do). Thereafter, people usually started with plausible excuses when they wrote this kind of document.&lt;/ref&gt; In this situation, I have no other choice but to exchange a strip of rice paddy for ten ''seok''&lt;ref&gt; One ''seok'' 石 (''seom'' in vernacular Korean) is approximately 180 liters. &lt;/ref&gt; of unhusked rice. The rice paddy is three ''durakji''&lt;ref&gt; Durakji 斗落只 or ''durak'' 斗落 (''majigi'' in vernacular Korean) is the amount of land on which one mal (18 liters) could be planted as seed. The size of land has varied in different regions. It is approximately 150-300 ''pyeong'' (495-990 square meters) for rice paddies and 100 ''pyeong'' (330 square meters) for dry fields. See James Palais, Confucian Statecraft and Korean Institutions, (Seattle and London: University of Washington Press, 1996), 364.&lt;/ref&gt; on the east side of three strips of paddy among nine ''durakji'' of the ''yak''&lt;ref&gt; ''Yak'' 若 is the 283rd character in the ''Qianzi wen'' 千字文 (''Thousand Character Classics''), which is used to refer to the location of the land.&lt;/ref&gt; paddy on Daerowol Plain of Hwasan ildo-myeon,&lt;ref&gt; This is located in modern Haenam in South Jeolla province.&lt;/ref&gt; producing ten loads&lt;ref&gt; The character for “load” is bu 負 (“burden”) or bu 卜 (“Korean A-frame carrier”), which is the amount of crop yields that a man could carry on his back with the A-frame carrier.&lt;/ref&gt; and three bundles&lt;ref&gt; The character for “bundle” is ''sok'' 束 (“bind”), which is the amount of rice plants. A handful of rice plants are called one pa 把 (“to grasp”). Ten handfuls (''pa'') of rice plants make one bundle (''sok'').&lt;/ref&gt; of grain. <br /> <br /> <br /> 依數捧上爲遣 同婢處永永放賣爲去乎 後此同生子息姪子中 生謀雜談爲去等 此文記告官卞正事<br /> <br /> I take the amount [of rice] and sell the property to the female slave [Wolmae] in perpetuity. Should there be a dispute at a later date among my siblings and nephews, take this document and report to the authorities for justice in this matter.<br /> <br /> <br /> 畓主 私奴 淡伊 (左寸)<br /> <br /> Paddy Owner: Private Male Slave, Dami [Signature of Left Index Finger Joint]<br /> <br /> <br /> 證人 同姓姪子私奴 石碧 (左寸)<br /> <br /> Witness: Paternal Nephew’s Male Slave, Seokbyeok [Signature of Left Index Finger Joint]<br /> <br /> <br /> 證保 內奴 處日 (左寸)<br /> <br /> Guarantor: Male Slave of the Palace Supply Bureau, Cheo-il [Signature of Left Index Finger Joint]<br /> <br /> <br /> 筆執 正兵 陳得昌 (手決)<br /> <br /> Scribe: Conscript Soldier, Jin Teukchang [Signature]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> |-<br /> | [[File:1683사노담이초사.jpg |border|1683사노담이초사|400px]]<br /> ||<br /> 癸亥三月初八日畓主私奴<br /> <br /> 淡伊年<br /> <br /> 白等矣身亦生利爲難<br /> <br /> 仍于資生次花山一道面大<br /> <br /> 路越員伏在若字畓九<br /> <br /> 斗落只參夜味內東邊<br /> <br /> 三斗落只一夜味庫乙<br /> <br /> 正租十石以折價捧上爲白遣<br /> <br /> 上項幼學李必晟戶婢月<br /> <br /> 梅處永永放賣的實爲白置相<br /> <br /> 考施行<br /> <br /> 白<br /> <br /> 官[押]<br /> ||<br /> (translation)<br /> <br /> 6.3. 招辭 1<br /> <br /> Statement of the Seller<br /> <br /> <br /> 癸亥三月初八日<br /> <br /> On the eighth day of the third month of the year ''gyehye'' [1683]<br /> <br /> <br /> 畓主私奴淡伊年 白等矣身亦 生利爲難仍于 資生次 花山一道面 大路越員伏在 若字畓九斗落只 參夜味內東邊三斗落只 一夜味庫乙 正租十石以 折價捧上爲白遣 上項幼學李必晟戶婢月梅處 永永放賣的實爲白置 相考施行<br /> I, Dami, as the paddy owner and private male slave aged ,&lt;ref&gt; His age is not recorded in the original text. The space for Dami’s age is not filled in.&lt;/ref&gt; state that I had a hard time making a living and so, in order to survive, I set the price of a strip of paddy which is three ''durakji'' on the east side of three strips of paddy among nine ''durakji'' of the ''yak'' paddy on Daerowol Plain of Hwasan ildo-myeon. Ten ''seok'' of unhusked rice was the set price and I accepted the amount. It is certainly true that the property was sold in perpetuity to Wolmae, chief female slave of the above-mentioned scholar Yi Pilseong. Please consider this and certify it.<br /> <br /> <br /> 官(押)<br /> <br /> Government Office [Signature]<br /> <br /> <br /> |-<br /> | [[File:1683사노석벽초사.jpg |border|1683사노석벽초사|400px]]<br /> ||<br /> 同日 證人私奴石碧年<br /> <br /> 證保內奴處日年<br /> <br /> 筆執正兵陳得昌年<br /> <br /> 白等奴淡伊亦生利爲難其矣<br /> <br /> 畓庫是在花山一道面大路越員伏<br /> <br /> 在若字畓三斗落只一夜味庫乙<br /> <br /> 價正租拾石以交易捧上爲遣<br /> <br /> 前項幼學李必晟戶婢月梅<br /> <br /> 處永永放賣時叅訂的實<br /> <br /> 爲白置相考施行<br /> <br /> 白[左寸]<br /> <br /> 白[左寸]<br /> <br /> 白[左寸]<br /> <br /> 白[署押]<br /> <br /> 官[押]<br /> <br /> ||<br /> (translation)<br /> <br /> 6.4. 招辭 2<br /> <br /> Statement of the Witness, the Guarantor, and the Scribe <br /> <br /> <br /> 同日 證人私奴石碧年 證保內奴處日年 筆執正兵陳得昌年 白等奴淡伊亦生利爲難 其矣畓庫是在 花山一道面 大路越員伏在 若字畓三斗落只 一夜味庫乙 價正租拾石 以交易捧上爲遣 前項幼學李必晟戶婢月梅處 永永放賣時 叅訂的實爲白置 相考施行<br /> <br /> On the same day, Witness Seokbyeok aged ,&lt;ref&gt; His age is not recorded in the original text. The space for Seokbyeok’s age is not filled in. &lt;/ref&gt; who is a private slave, Guarantor Cheo-il aged , who is a slave of the Palace Supply Bureau, and Scribe Jin Deukchang aged , who is a conscript soldier, state that Tami, a male slave, had a hard time making a living. [Thus,] he exchanged a strip of rice paddy for ten ''seok'' of unhusked rice. The rice paddy is three ''durakji'' in the ''yak''&lt;ref&gt; ''Yak'' 若 is the 283rd character in the ''Qianzi wen'' 千字文 (''Thousand Character Classics''), which is used to refer to the location of the land.&lt;/ref&gt; paddy on Daerowol Plain of Hwasan ildo-myeon. It is affirmed that the property was sold in perpetuity to Wolmae, chief female slave in the previously mentioned scholar Yi Pilseong’s house. Please consider this and certify it.<br /> <br /> <br /> 白 [左寸]<br /> <br /> Witness [Signature of Left Index Finger Joint]<br /> <br /> <br /> 白 [左寸]<br /> <br /> Witness [Signature of Left Index Finger Joint]<br /> <br /> <br /> 白 [左寸]<br /> <br /> Witness [Signature of Left Index Finger Joint]<br /> <br /> <br /> 白 [署押]<br /> <br /> Witness [Signature]<br /> <br /> <br /> 官 [押]<br /> <br /> Government Office [Signature]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> |-<br /> | [[File:1683호비월매입안.jpg |border|1683호비월매입안|400px]]<br /> ||<br /> 康熙二十二年三月日海南縣立案<br /> <br /> 右立案爲後考事粘連詳狀據<br /> <br /> 叅訂各人等招辭是置有亦上項<br /> <br /> 幼學李必晟戶婢月梅亦私奴<br /> <br /> 淡伊處花山一道面大道越員伏<br /> <br /> 在若字畓三斗落只庫乙買得<br /> <br /> 的實爲乎等以葉作官上爲<br /> <br /> 遣以憑後考次合行立案者<br /> <br /> 縣監[管押]<br /> ||<br /> (translation)<br /> <br /> 6.5. 康熙二十二年三月日海南縣立案<br /> <br /> Certificate issued by Haenam Prefecture on a certain day of the third month of the 24th year [1684] of Emperor Kangxi’s reign [1661-1722]<br /> <br /> <br /> 右立案爲後考事 粘連詳狀據<br /> <br /> This certificate is made to testify to this matter later based upon the attached documents with all the details. <br /> <br /> <br /> 叅訂各人等 招辭是置有亦 上項幼學李必晟戶婢月梅亦 私奴淡伊處 花山一道面 大道越員伏在 若字畓三斗落只庫乙買得 的實爲乎等 以葉作官上爲遣 以憑後考次 合行立案者<br /> <br /> Since each of the witnesses made a statement that it was certainly true for Wolmae, chief female slave of the previously mentioned scholar Yi Pilseong, to have bought three ''durakji'' of the yak paddy on Daerowol Plain of Hwasan ildo-myeon from Dami, private male slave, this official document is made. In order to be used as evidence later, the certificate should be issued.<br /> <br /> <br /> 縣監 [官押]<br /> <br /> Magistrate [of Haenam Prefecture] [Government Signature]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> =='''Discussion Questions'''==<br /> #<br /> #<br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Further Readings'''==<br /> &lt;!--<br /> &lt;div style=&quot;color:#008080;&quot;&gt;<br /> * View together with '''~~'''.<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> --&gt;<br /> *崔承熙, 『韓國古文書硏究』, 知識産業社, 1989. <br /> *法制處, 『古法典用語集』, 育志社, 1981. <br /> *檀國大學校 東洋學硏究所, 『韓國漢字語辭典』, 檀國大學校出版部, 1996. <br /> *장지영, 장세경, 『이두사전』, 정음사, 1983.<br /> <br /> =='''References'''==<br /> &lt;references/&gt;<br /> <br /> =='''Translation'''==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> *Discussion Questions:<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:2018 Hanmun Summer Workshop]]<br /> [[Category: Advanced Translation Group]]</div>

Sanghoon Na http://dh.aks.ac.kr/jsg/index.php?title=(Translation)_%E6%B5%B7%E5%8D%97%E5%B0%B9%E6%B0%8F_%E5%9C%9F%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%B7%E8%B3%A3_%E7%AB%8B%E6%A1%88&diff=15649 2018-08-25T09:13:15Z

<p>Sanghoon Na: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Primary Source Document3<br /> |Image = 1682호비월매토지매매명문등.jpg<br /> |English = Estate Certificate by Haenam Prefecture <br /> |Chinese = [http://archive.aks.ac.kr/imageViewer/ImageViewer.aspx?datauci=G002+AKS+KSM-XD.1683.4682-20101008.B003a_003_00409_001&amp;refuci=G002+AKS+KSM-XD.1683.0000-20101008.B003a_003_00409_003&amp;fname=G002+AKS+KSM-XD.1683.4682-20101008.B003a_003_00409_001-IMG.001.jpg&amp;closed=true 海南尹氏 土地買賣 立案]<br /> |Korean = 해남윤씨 토지매매입안(Haenam Yunssi Tojimaemae Iban)<br /> |Genre = [[Historical Manuscripts]]<br /> |Type = Certificate<br /> |Author = Tami <br /> |Year = 1683<br /> |Key Concepts= bill of sale, petition, certificate, chief slave <br /> |Translator = [[2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced)#Participants | Participants of 2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced Translation Group)]]<br /> |Editor = Sanghoon Na<br /> |Translation Year = 2018<br /> <br /> }}<br /> [[File:Backward.png|right|40px|link=2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced)#Primary Sources for Korean Studies]]<br /> &lt;gallery&gt;<br /> 파일:1683해남현입지.jpg |link=(Translation) 海南尹氏 土地買賣 立案|III-6-1. 1683年 海南縣 立旨 해남현 입지('' Haenamhyeon Ipji'')<br /> 파일:1682호비월매토지매매명문.jpg |link=(Translation) 海南尹氏 土地買賣 立案|III-6-2. 1682年 戶婢 月梅 土地賣買明文 호비 월매 토지매매명문(''Toji-maemae-myeongmun'')<br /> 파일:1683사노담이초사.jpg |link=(Translation) 海南尹氏 土地買賣 立案|III-6-3. 1683년 私奴 淡伊 招辭 사노 담이 초사(''Sano Dami Chosa'')<br /> 파일:1683사노석벽초사.jpg |link=(Translation) 海南尹氏 土地買賣 立案|III-6-4. 1683년 私奴 石碧 招辭 사노 석벽 초사(''Sano Seokbyeong Chosa'')<br /> 파일:1683호비월매입안.jpg |link=(Translation) 海南尹氏 土地買賣 立案|III-6-5. 1683年 戶婢 月梅 立案 호비 월매 입안(''Hobi Wolmae Iban'')<br /> &lt;/gallery&gt;<br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Introduction'''==<br /> <br /> 1683년 해남현(海南縣) 입지(立旨)<br /> <br /> <br /> http://archive.aks.ac.kr/Inspection/insDirView.aspx?dataUCI=G002+AKS+KSM-XD.1683.4682-20101008.B003a_003_00409_001<br /> <br /> <br /> 1682년(肅宗8)에 私奴 淡伊가 幼學 李必晟의 戶婢 月梅에게 畓 9마지기를 放賣하면서 작성한 明文.<br /> <br /> <br /> 주제<br /> 1682년(肅宗8)에 사노 담이가 畓 3마지기를 유학 이필성의 호비 월매에게 正租 10石을 받고 팔면서 써준 明文이다. 正租는 벼를 말한다. 매매 대상인 토지는 花山一道面 大路越員에 있는 若字 畓 3마지기인데, 이는 세 배미[夜味]로 이루어진 9마지기의 일부분으로서, 東邊의 한 배미이며, 卜數로는 10卜 3束이다. 배미[夜味]는 하나의 논두렁으로 구획된 畓 한 개를 헤아릴 때 쓰는 말이다. 따라서 이는 면적의 광협과는 상관이 없는 말이다. 員은 전답이 소재하는 들판을 이른다. 이 명문의 작성에는 畓主 이외에, 證人으로는 사노 石碧이, 證人 및 保人으로는 內奴 處日이, 筆執으로는 진득창이 각각 참여하였다. 內奴는 內需司에 소속된 종이다. 이 명문에는 증인, 보인, 필집이 각각 이 매매의 내용이 진실함을 진술한 招辭가 붙어 있으며, 官에서는 이를 기초로 이듬해인 1683년(肅宗9)에 이 매매 사실을 확인해주는 立案을 발급하였다.<br /> <br /> <br /> 용어<br /> 마지기(斗落只)는 파종량을 기준으로 한 전답의 면적 단위이다. 1마지기는 한 말[斗]의 씨앗을 파종할 수 있는 면적인데, 대개 토질에 따라 그 면적의 크기에 다소 차이가 있다. 卜數는 소출량에 근거한 租稅 單位이며, 負數로도 쓴다. 1負는 타작하기 전의 볏단 한 짐의 분량이다.<br /> <br /> =='''Original Script'''==<br /> <br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; background-color:#ffffff;&quot;<br /> !style=&quot;width:25%;&quot;|Image || style=&quot;width:25%;&quot;|Text || style=&quot;width:50%;&quot;| Translation<br /> |-<br /> | [[File:1683해남현입지.jpg |border|1683해남현입지|400px]]<br /> ||<br /> 花山面居幼學李必晟戶婢月梅<br /> <br /> 右謹陳所志矣段婢矣上典主敎是縣居私奴<br /> <br /> 淡伊處花山一道大路越員若字畓參斗<br /> <br /> 落只庫乙上年分買得未及官斜爲白有等<br /> <br /> 以敢此呼訴爲白去乎依例斜給行下爲白只爲<br /> <br /> 行下向敎是事<br /> <br /> 官司主處分<br /> <br /> 癸亥三月 日所志<br /> <br /> 官[押]<br /> <br /> [題辭]依願斜給向事 初五<br /> ||<br /> (translation)<br /> <br /> 花山面居幼學李必晟戶婢月梅 <br /> <br /> Wolmae, chief female slave of Yi Pilseong who is a scholar&lt;ref&gt; The characters for a scholar are ''yuhak'' 幼學, which literally means a “young learner” who did not pass the civil service examination yet. JaHyun K. Haboush translates it into a “student scholar” (Haboush, ''The Confucian Kingship in Korea'', 90) and Eugene Y. Park renders it into a “degreeless scholars.” (Park, ''Between Dreams and Reality'', 41).&lt;/ref&gt; The literal translation of this sentence would be “The bill of sale mentioned on the right is as follows.”&lt;ref&gt; The literal translation of this sentence would be “The petition mentioned on the right is as follows.”&lt;ref&gt; There are two explanations on the usage of ''wu'' 右 (“right”): one is that it refers to the word “bill of sale” 明文 written vertically on the right side. The other is that it suggests the document placed in a ruler’s right side which he was supposed to deal with first. Thus, wu 右 means the present document, which is based on ''A Clear Distinction of Styles'' (''Wenti mingbian'' 文體明辨). See Kim Seong-gap, “Joseonsidae myeongmun e gwanhan munseohakjeok yeon-gu 朝鮮時代 明文에 관한 文書學的 硏究,” (Ph.D. Diss., The Graduate School of Korean Studies, 2009), 66-7.&lt;/ref&gt; residing in Hwasan-myeon, <br /> <br /> <br /> 右謹陳所志矣段 婢矣上典主敎是 縣居私奴淡伊處 花山一道 大路越員 若字畓 參斗落只庫乙 上年分買得 未及官斜爲白有等以 敢此呼訴爲白去乎 依例斜給行下爲白只爲 <br /> <br /> The purpose of this petition is as follows: My master bought three ''durakji'' of the yak paddy on Daerowol Plain of Hwasan ildo [-myeon] from the male slave Dami, living in the same prefecture, last year. However, the certificate has not been issued yet, therefore I humbly appeal to you. According to precedent, please grant me the certificate.<br /> <br /> <br /> 行下向敎是事<br /> <br /> Please grant this petition.<br /> <br /> <br /> 官司主處分<br /> <br /> Request for Magistrate’s Approval <br /> <br /> <br /> 癸亥三月日 所志 <br /> <br /> Petition submitted on a certain day&lt;ref&gt; According to Sim Yeong-hwan (Senior Researcher at the Jangseogak Archives of The Academy of Korean Studies), it was usual that the exact date was not filled in because the drafter did not know when the petition would be delivered after it was completed. According to Mun Sukja (Researcher at the SNU Law Research Institute), the documents of the late Joseon period tended to omit the date unlike those of the early- or mid-Joseon period. Mun Sukja, “Reading the Documents of Property Distribution” (lecture, The Academy of Korean Studies, Seongnam, Gyeonggi province, August 22, 2018).&lt;/ref&gt; of the third month of the year ''gyehae'' [1683]<br /> <br /> <br /> (官押)<br /> <br /> [Government Signature]<br /> <br /> <br /> [題辭] 依願斜給向事 初五<br /> <br /> [Official Decision] A certificate is issued according to your wish on the fifth day.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> |-<br /> | [[File:1682호비월매토지매매명문.jpg |border|1682호비월매토지매매명문|400px]]<br /> ||<br /> 康熙貳拾壹年壬戌十二月初八日戶婢月梅處<br /> <br /> 明文<br /> <br /> 右明文爲臥乎事段矣身許多食口連<br /> <br /> 値㐫荒生利爲難乙仍于勢不得已花<br /> <br /> 山一道面大路越員伏在若字畓玖斗落只<br /> <br /> 參夜味內東邊參斗落只壹夜味負數拾<br /> <br /> 負參束庫乙正租拾石以交易依數捧上<br /> <br /> 爲遣同婢處永永放賣爲去乎後此同<br /> <br /> 生子息姪子中生謀雜談爲去等此<br /> <br /> 文記告官卞正事<br /> <br /> 畓主私奴淡伊[左寸]<br /> <br /> 證人同姓姪子私奴石碧[左寸]<br /> <br /> 證保內奴處日[左寸]<br /> <br /> 筆執正兵陳得昌[署押]<br /> ||<br /> (translation)<br /> <br /> III-6. 海南尹氏 土地買賣 立案&lt;ref&gt; An abridged certificate is called ''ipji'' 立旨, while an unabridged one is ''iban'' 立案 (estate certificate of registration). This document was made as a petition at first. Once the petition is ratified by a government office, it became a certificate. Therefore, the same document can be both a petition and a certificate.&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> <br /> 6.1. 康熙貳拾壹年壬戌十二月初八日 戶婢月梅處明文<br /> <br /> The bill of sale&lt;ref&gt; A bill of sale (''myeongmun'' 明文) was given to a buyer when a deal was concluded between two individuals privately before having a government’s warrant.&lt;/ref&gt; to Chief Female Slave Wolmae&lt;ref&gt; Slave Wolmae is carrying out this business for her master Yi Pilseong. The ''yangban'' literati considered it shameful to be involved in business transactions themselves during the Joseon period.&lt;/ref&gt; on the 8th day of the 12th month of the 20th year [1682] of Emperor Kangxi’s reign [1661-1722]<br /> <br /> <br /> 右明文爲臥乎事段 矣身許多食口 連値㐫荒 生利爲難乙仍于 勢不得已 花山一道面 大路越員伏在 若字畓玖斗落只 參夜味內東邊參斗落只 壹夜味負數拾負參束庫乙 正租拾石以交易<br /> <br /> The purpose of this bill of sale is as follows:&lt;ref&gt; The literal translation of this sentence would be “The bill of sale mentioned on the right is as follows.” There are two explanations on the usage of wu 右 (“right”): one is that it refers to the word “bill of sale” 明文 written vertically on the right side. The other is that it suggests the document placed in a ruler’s right side which he was supposed to deal with first. Thus, wu 右 means the present document, which is based on A Clear Distinction of Styles (''Wenti mingbian'' 文體明辨). See Kim Seong-gap, “Joseonsidae myeongmun e gwanhan munseohakjeok yeon-gu 朝鮮時代 明文에 관한 文書學的 硏究,” (Ph.D. Diss., The Graduate School of Korean Studies, 2009), 66-7.&lt;/ref&gt; Since I [Dami] have many people in my family and encountered a series of severe famines, it is difficult to find the means to live on.&lt;ref&gt; This was a typical statement of contracts because it was forbidden for people to sell their inherited lands at their disposal in the Rank Land Law (''gwajeonbeop'' 科田法). However, in the sixth year of King Sejong’s reign, it was allowed in such urgent situations as providing for the funeral and burial of their parents, repaying their outstanding debts, or escaping from the grinding poverty. See Veritable Records of King Sejong, Year 6 (1424), Month 3, Day 23, Entry 3. (available at http://esillok.history.go.kr/front/index.do). Thereafter, people usually started with plausible excuses when they wrote this kind of document.&lt;/ref&gt; In this situation, I have no other choice but to exchange a strip of rice paddy for ten ''seok''&lt;ref&gt; One ''seok'' 石 (''seom'' in vernacular Korean) is approximately 180 liters. &lt;/ref&gt; of unhusked rice. The rice paddy is three ''durakji''&lt;ref&gt; Durakji 斗落只 or ''durak'' 斗落 (''majigi'' in vernacular Korean) is the amount of land on which one mal (18 liters) could be planted as seed. The size of land has varied in different regions. It is approximately 150-300 ''pyeong'' (495-990 square meters) for rice paddies and 100 ''pyeong'' (330 square meters) for dry fields. See James Palais, Confucian Statecraft and Korean Institutions, (Seattle and London: University of Washington Press, 1996), 364.&lt;/ref&gt; on the east side of three strips of paddy among nine ''durakji'' of the ''yak''&lt;ref&gt; ''Yak'' 若 is the 283rd character in the ''Qianzi wen'' 千字文 (''Thousand Character Classics''), which is used to refer to the location of the land.&lt;/ref&gt; paddy on Daerowol Plain of Hwasan ildo-myeon,&lt;ref&gt; This is located in modern Haenam in South Jeolla province.&lt;/ref&gt; producing ten loads&lt;ref&gt; The character for “load” is bu 負 (“burden”) or bu 卜 (“Korean A-frame carrier”), which is the amount of crop yields that a man could carry on his back with the A-frame carrier.&lt;/ref&gt; and three bundles&lt;ref&gt; The character for “bundle” is ''sok'' 束 (“bind”), which is the amount of rice plants. A handful of rice plants are called one pa 把 (“to grasp”). Ten handfuls (''pa'') of rice plants make one bundle (''sok'').&lt;/ref&gt; of grain. <br /> <br /> <br /> 依數捧上爲遣 同婢處永永放賣爲去乎 後此同生子息姪子中 生謀雜談爲去等 此文記告官卞正事<br /> <br /> I take the amount [of rice] and sell the property to the female slave [Wolmae] in perpetuity. Should there be a dispute at a later date among my siblings and nephews, take this document and report to the authorities for justice in this matter.<br /> <br /> <br /> 畓主 私奴 淡伊 (左寸)<br /> <br /> Paddy Owner: Private Male Slave, Dami [Signature of Left Index Finger Joint]<br /> <br /> <br /> 證人 同姓姪子私奴 石碧 (左寸)<br /> <br /> Witness: Paternal Nephew’s Male Slave, Seokbyeok [Signature of Left Index Finger Joint]<br /> <br /> <br /> 證保 內奴 處日 (左寸)<br /> <br /> Guarantor: Male Slave of the Palace Supply Bureau, Cheo-il [Signature of Left Index Finger Joint]<br /> <br /> <br /> 筆執 正兵 陳得昌 (手決)<br /> <br /> Scribe: Conscript Soldier, Jin Teukchang [Signature]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> |-<br /> | [[File:1683사노담이초사.jpg |border|1683사노담이초사|400px]]<br /> ||<br /> 癸亥三月初八日畓主私奴<br /> <br /> 淡伊年<br /> <br /> 白等矣身亦生利爲難<br /> <br /> 仍于資生次花山一道面大<br /> <br /> 路越員伏在若字畓九<br /> <br /> 斗落只參夜味內東邊<br /> <br /> 三斗落只一夜味庫乙<br /> <br /> 正租十石以折價捧上爲白遣<br /> <br /> 上項幼學李必晟戶婢月<br /> <br /> 梅處永永放賣的實爲白置相<br /> <br /> 考施行<br /> <br /> 白<br /> <br /> 官[押]<br /> ||<br /> (translation)<br /> <br /> 6.3. 招辭 1<br /> <br /> Statement of the Seller<br /> <br /> <br /> 癸亥三月初八日<br /> <br /> On the eighth day of the third month of the year ''gyehye'' [1683]<br /> <br /> <br /> 畓主私奴淡伊年 白等矣身亦 生利爲難仍于 資生次 花山一道面 大路越員伏在 若字畓九斗落只 參夜味內東邊三斗落只 一夜味庫乙 正租十石以 折價捧上爲白遣 上項幼學李必晟戶婢月梅處 永永放賣的實爲白置 相考施行<br /> I, Dami, as the paddy owner and private male slave aged ,&lt;ref&gt; His age is not recorded in the original text. The space for Dami’s age is not filled in.&lt;/ref&gt; state that I had a hard time making a living and so, in order to survive, I set the price of a strip of paddy which is three ''durakji'' on the east side of three strips of paddy among nine ''durakji'' of the ''yak'' paddy on Daerowol Plain of Hwasan ildo-myeon. Ten ''seok'' of unhusked rice was the set price and I accepted the amount. It is certainly true that the property was sold in perpetuity to Wolmae, chief female slave of the above-mentioned scholar Yi Pilseong. Please consider this and certify it.<br /> <br /> <br /> 官(押)<br /> <br /> Government Office [Signature]<br /> <br /> <br /> |-<br /> | [[File:1683사노석벽초사.jpg |border|1683사노석벽초사|400px]]<br /> ||<br /> 同日 證人私奴石碧年<br /> <br /> 證保內奴處日年<br /> <br /> 筆執正兵陳得昌年<br /> <br /> 白等奴淡伊亦生利爲難其矣<br /> <br /> 畓庫是在花山一道面大路越員伏<br /> <br /> 在若字畓三斗落只一夜味庫乙<br /> <br /> 價正租拾石以交易捧上爲遣<br /> <br /> 前項幼學李必晟戶婢月梅<br /> <br /> 處永永放賣時叅訂的實<br /> <br /> 爲白置相考施行<br /> <br /> 白[左寸]<br /> <br /> 白[左寸]<br /> <br /> 白[左寸]<br /> <br /> 白[署押]<br /> <br /> 官[押]<br /> <br /> ||<br /> (translation)<br /> <br /> 6.4. 招辭 2<br /> <br /> Statement of the Witness, the Guarantor, and the Scribe <br /> <br /> <br /> 同日 證人私奴石碧年 證保內奴處日年 筆執正兵陳得昌年 白等奴淡伊亦生利爲難 其矣畓庫是在 花山一道面 大路越員伏在 若字畓三斗落只 一夜味庫乙 價正租拾石 以交易捧上爲遣 前項幼學李必晟戶婢月梅處 永永放賣時 叅訂的實爲白置 相考施行<br /> <br /> On the same day, Witness Seokbyeok aged ,&lt;ref&gt; His age is not recorded in the original text. The space for Seokbyeok’s age is not filled in. &lt;/ref&gt; who is a private slave, Guarantor Cheo-il aged , who is a slave of the Palace Supply Bureau, and Scribe Jin Deukchang aged , who is a conscript soldier, state that Tami, a male slave, had a hard time making a living. [Thus,] he exchanged a strip of rice paddy for ten ''seok'' of unhusked rice. The rice paddy is three ''durakji'' in the ''yak''&lt;ref&gt; ''Yak'' 若 is the 283rd character in the ''Qianzi wen'' 千字文 (''Thousand Character Classics''), which is used to refer to the location of the land.&lt;/ref&gt; paddy on Daerowol Plain of Hwasan ildo-myeon. It is affirmed that the property was sold in perpetuity to Wolmae, chief female slave in the previously mentioned scholar Yi Pilseong’s house. Please consider this and certify it.<br /> <br /> <br /> 白 [左寸]<br /> <br /> Witness [Signature of Left Index Finger Joint]<br /> <br /> <br /> 白 [左寸]<br /> <br /> Witness [Signature of Left Index Finger Joint]<br /> <br /> <br /> 白 [左寸]<br /> <br /> Witness [Signature of Left Index Finger Joint]<br /> <br /> <br /> 白 [署押]<br /> <br /> Witness [Signature]<br /> <br /> <br /> 官 [押]<br /> <br /> Government Office [Signature]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> |-<br /> | [[File:1683호비월매입안.jpg |border|1683호비월매입안|400px]]<br /> ||<br /> 康熙二十二年三月日海南縣立案<br /> <br /> 右立案爲後考事粘連詳狀據<br /> <br /> 叅訂各人等招辭是置有亦上項<br /> <br /> 幼學李必晟戶婢月梅亦私奴<br /> <br /> 淡伊處花山一道面大道越員伏<br /> <br /> 在若字畓三斗落只庫乙買得<br /> <br /> 的實爲乎等以葉作官上爲<br /> <br /> 遣以憑後考次合行立案者<br /> <br /> 縣監[管押]<br /> ||<br /> (translation)<br /> <br /> 6.5. 康熙二十二年三月日海南縣立案<br /> <br /> Certificate issued by Haenam Prefecture on a certain day of the third month of the 24th year [1684] of Emperor Kangxi’s reign [1661-1722]<br /> <br /> <br /> 右立案爲後考事 粘連詳狀據<br /> <br /> This certificate is made to testify to this matter later based upon the attached documents with all the details. <br /> <br /> <br /> 叅訂各人等 招辭是置有亦 上項幼學李必晟戶婢月梅亦 私奴淡伊處 花山一道面 大道越員伏在 若字畓三斗落只庫乙買得 的實爲乎等 以葉作官上爲遣 以憑後考次 合行立案者<br /> <br /> Since each of the witnesses made a statement that it was certainly true for Wolmae, chief female slave of the previously mentioned scholar Yi Pilseong, to have bought three ''durakji'' of the yak paddy on Daerowol Plain of Hwasan ildo-myeon from Dami, private male slave, this official document is made. In order to be used as evidence later, the certificate should be issued.<br /> <br /> <br /> 縣監 [官押]<br /> <br /> Magistrate [of Haenam Prefecture] [Government Signature]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> =='''Discussion Questions'''==<br /> #<br /> #<br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Further Readings'''==<br /> &lt;!--<br /> &lt;div style=&quot;color:#008080;&quot;&gt;<br /> * View together with '''~~'''.<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> --&gt;<br /> *崔承熙, 『韓國古文書硏究』, 知識産業社, 1989. <br /> *法制處, 『古法典用語集』, 育志社, 1981. <br /> *檀國大學校 東洋學硏究所, 『韓國漢字語辭典』, 檀國大學校出版部, 1996. <br /> *장지영, 장세경, 『이두사전』, 정음사, 1983.<br /> <br /> =='''References'''==<br /> &lt;references/&gt;<br /> <br /> =='''Translation'''==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> *Discussion Questions:<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:2018 Hanmun Summer Workshop]]<br /> [[Category: Advanced Translation Group]]</div>

Sanghoon Na http://dh.aks.ac.kr/jsg/index.php?title=(Translation)_%E6%B5%B7%E5%8D%97%E5%B0%B9%E6%B0%8F_%E5%9C%9F%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%B7%E8%B3%A3_%E7%AB%8B%E6%A1%88&diff=15648 2018-08-25T09:10:24Z

<p>Sanghoon Na: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Primary Source Document3<br /> |Image = 1682호비월매토지매매명문등.jpg<br /> |English = Estate Certificate by Haenam Prefecture <br /> |Chinese = [http://archive.aks.ac.kr/imageViewer/ImageViewer.aspx?datauci=G002+AKS+KSM-XD.1683.4682-20101008.B003a_003_00409_001&amp;refuci=G002+AKS+KSM-XD.1683.0000-20101008.B003a_003_00409_003&amp;fname=G002+AKS+KSM-XD.1683.4682-20101008.B003a_003_00409_001-IMG.001.jpg&amp;closed=true 海南尹氏 土地買賣 立案]<br /> |Korean = 해남윤씨 토지매매입안(Haenam Yunssi Tojimaemae Iban)<br /> |Genre = [[Historical Manuscripts]]<br /> |Type = Certificate<br /> |Author = Tami <br /> |Year = 1683<br /> |Key Concepts= bill of sale, petition, certificate, chief slave <br /> |Translator = [[2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced)#Participants | Participants of 2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced Translation Group)]]<br /> |Editor = Sanghoon Na<br /> |Translation Year = 2018<br /> <br /> }}<br /> [[File:Backward.png|right|40px|link=2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced)#Primary Sources for Korean Studies]]<br /> &lt;gallery&gt;<br /> 파일:1683해남현입지.jpg |link=(Translation) 海南尹氏 土地買賣 立案|III-6-1. 1683年 海南縣 立旨 해남현 입지('' Haenamhyeon Ipji'')<br /> 파일:1682호비월매토지매매명문.jpg |link=(Translation) 海南尹氏 土地買賣 立案|III-6-2. 1682年 戶婢 月梅 土地賣買明文 호비 월매 토지매매명문(''Toji-maemae-myeongmun'')<br /> 파일:1683사노담이초사.jpg |link=(Translation) 海南尹氏 土地買賣 立案|III-6-3. 1683년 私奴 淡伊 招辭 사노 담이 초사(''Sano Dami Chosa'')<br /> 파일:1683사노석벽초사.jpg |link=(Translation) 海南尹氏 土地買賣 立案|III-6-4. 1683년 私奴 石碧 招辭 사노 석벽 초사(''Sano Seokbyeong Chosa'')<br /> 파일:1683호비월매입안.jpg |link=(Translation) 海南尹氏 土地買賣 立案|III-6-5. 1683年 戶婢 月梅 立案 호비 월매 입안(''Hobi Wolmae Iban'')<br /> &lt;/gallery&gt;<br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Introduction'''==<br /> <br /> 1683년 해남현(海南縣) 입지(立旨)<br /> <br /> <br /> http://archive.aks.ac.kr/Inspection/insDirView.aspx?dataUCI=G002+AKS+KSM-XD.1683.4682-20101008.B003a_003_00409_001<br /> <br /> <br /> 1682년(肅宗8)에 私奴 淡伊가 幼學 李必晟의 戶婢 月梅에게 畓 9마지기를 放賣하면서 작성한 明文.<br /> <br /> <br /> 주제<br /> 1682년(肅宗8)에 사노 담이가 畓 3마지기를 유학 이필성의 호비 월매에게 正租 10石을 받고 팔면서 써준 明文이다. 正租는 벼를 말한다. 매매 대상인 토지는 花山一道面 大路越員에 있는 若字 畓 3마지기인데, 이는 세 배미[夜味]로 이루어진 9마지기의 일부분으로서, 東邊의 한 배미이며, 卜數로는 10卜 3束이다. 배미[夜味]는 하나의 논두렁으로 구획된 畓 한 개를 헤아릴 때 쓰는 말이다. 따라서 이는 면적의 광협과는 상관이 없는 말이다. 員은 전답이 소재하는 들판을 이른다. 이 명문의 작성에는 畓主 이외에, 證人으로는 사노 石碧이, 證人 및 保人으로는 內奴 處日이, 筆執으로는 진득창이 각각 참여하였다. 內奴는 內需司에 소속된 종이다. 이 명문에는 증인, 보인, 필집이 각각 이 매매의 내용이 진실함을 진술한 招辭가 붙어 있으며, 官에서는 이를 기초로 이듬해인 1683년(肅宗9)에 이 매매 사실을 확인해주는 立案을 발급하였다.<br /> <br /> <br /> 용어<br /> 마지기(斗落只)는 파종량을 기준으로 한 전답의 면적 단위이다. 1마지기는 한 말[斗]의 씨앗을 파종할 수 있는 면적인데, 대개 토질에 따라 그 면적의 크기에 다소 차이가 있다. 卜數는 소출량에 근거한 租稅 單位이며, 負數로도 쓴다. 1負는 타작하기 전의 볏단 한 짐의 분량이다.<br /> <br /> =='''Original Script'''==<br /> <br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; background-color:#ffffff;&quot;<br /> !style=&quot;width:25%;&quot;|Image || style=&quot;width:25%;&quot;|Text || style=&quot;width:50%;&quot;| Translation<br /> |-<br /> | [[File:1683해남현입지.jpg |border|1683해남현입지|400px]]<br /> ||<br /> 花山面居幼學李必晟戶婢月梅<br /> <br /> 右謹陳所志矣段婢矣上典主敎是縣居私奴<br /> <br /> 淡伊處花山一道大路越員若字畓參斗<br /> <br /> 落只庫乙上年分買得未及官斜爲白有等<br /> <br /> 以敢此呼訴爲白去乎依例斜給行下爲白只爲<br /> <br /> 行下向敎是事<br /> <br /> 官司主處分<br /> <br /> 癸亥三月 日所志<br /> <br /> 官[押]<br /> <br /> [題辭]依願斜給向事 初五<br /> ||<br /> (translation)<br /> <br /> 花山面居幼學李必晟戶婢月梅 <br /> <br /> Wolmae, chief female slave of Yi Pilseong who is a scholar&lt;ref&gt; The characters for a scholar are ''yuhak'' 幼學, which literally means a “young learner” who did not pass the civil service examination yet. JaHyun K. Haboush translates it into a “student scholar” (Haboush, ''The Confucian Kingship in Korea'', 90) and Eugene Y. Park renders it into a “degreeless scholars.” (Park, ''Between Dreams and Reality'', 41).&lt;/ref&gt; The literal translation of this sentence would be “The bill of sale mentioned on the right is as follows.”&lt;ref&gt; The literal translation of this sentence would be “The petition mentioned on the right is as follows.” There are two explanations on the usage of ''wu'' 右 (“right”): one is that it refers to the word “bill of sale” 明文 written vertically on the right side. The other is that it suggests the document placed in a ruler’s right side which he was supposed to deal with first. Thus, wu 右 means the present document, which is based on ''A Clear Distinction of Styles'' (''Wenti mingbian'' 文體明辨). See Kim Seong-gap, “Joseonsidae myeongmun e gwanhan munseohakjeok yeon-gu 朝鮮時代 明文에 관한 文書學的 硏究,” (Ph.D. Diss., The Graduate School of Korean Studies, 2009), 66-7.&lt;/ref&gt; There are two explanations on the usage of ''wu'' 右 (“right”): one is that it refers to the word “bill of sale” 明文 written vertically on the right side. The other is that it suggests the document placed in a ruler’s right side which he was supposed to deal with first. Thus, ''wu'' 右 means the present document, which is based on A Clear Distinction of Styles (''Wenti mingbian'' 文體明辨). See Kim Seong-gap, “Joseonsidae myeongmun e gwanhan munseohakjeok yeon-gu 朝鮮時代 明文에 관한 文書學的 硏究,” (Ph.D. Diss., The Graduate School of Korean Studies, 2009), 66-7.&lt;/ref&gt; residing in Hwasan-myeon, <br /> <br /> <br /> 右謹陳所志矣段 婢矣上典主敎是 縣居私奴淡伊處 花山一道 大路越員 若字畓 參斗落只庫乙 上年分買得 未及官斜爲白有等以 敢此呼訴爲白去乎 依例斜給行下爲白只爲 <br /> <br /> The purpose of this petition is as follows: My master bought three ''durakji'' of the yak paddy on Daerowol Plain of Hwasan ildo [-myeon] from the male slave Dami, living in the same prefecture, last year. However, the certificate has not been issued yet, therefore I humbly appeal to you. According to precedent, please grant me the certificate.<br /> <br /> <br /> 行下向敎是事<br /> <br /> Please grant this petition.<br /> <br /> <br /> 官司主處分<br /> <br /> Request for Magistrate’s Approval <br /> <br /> <br /> 癸亥三月日 所志 <br /> <br /> Petition submitted on a certain day&lt;ref&gt; According to Sim Yeong-hwan (Senior Researcher at the Jangseogak Archives of The Academy of Korean Studies), it was usual that the exact date was not filled in because the drafter did not know when the petition would be delivered after it was completed. According to Mun Sukja (Researcher at the SNU Law Research Institute), the documents of the late Joseon period tended to omit the date unlike those of the early- or mid-Joseon period. Mun Sukja, “Reading the Documents of Property Distribution” (lecture, The Academy of Korean Studies, Seongnam, Gyeonggi province, August 22, 2018).&lt;/ref&gt; of the third month of the year ''gyehae'' [1683]<br /> <br /> <br /> (官押)<br /> <br /> [Government Signature]<br /> <br /> <br /> [題辭] 依願斜給向事 初五<br /> <br /> [Official Decision] A certificate is issued according to your wish on the fifth day.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> |-<br /> | [[File:1682호비월매토지매매명문.jpg |border|1682호비월매토지매매명문|400px]]<br /> ||<br /> 康熙貳拾壹年壬戌十二月初八日戶婢月梅處<br /> <br /> 明文<br /> <br /> 右明文爲臥乎事段矣身許多食口連<br /> <br /> 値㐫荒生利爲難乙仍于勢不得已花<br /> <br /> 山一道面大路越員伏在若字畓玖斗落只<br /> <br /> 參夜味內東邊參斗落只壹夜味負數拾<br /> <br /> 負參束庫乙正租拾石以交易依數捧上<br /> <br /> 爲遣同婢處永永放賣爲去乎後此同<br /> <br /> 生子息姪子中生謀雜談爲去等此<br /> <br /> 文記告官卞正事<br /> <br /> 畓主私奴淡伊[左寸]<br /> <br /> 證人同姓姪子私奴石碧[左寸]<br /> <br /> 證保內奴處日[左寸]<br /> <br /> 筆執正兵陳得昌[署押]<br /> ||<br /> (translation)<br /> <br /> III-6. 海南尹氏 土地買賣 立案&lt;ref&gt; An abridged certificate is called ''ipji'' 立旨, while an unabridged one is ''iban'' 立案 (estate certificate of registration). This document was made as a petition at first. Once the petition is ratified by a government office, it became a certificate. Therefore, the same document can be both a petition and a certificate.&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> <br /> 6.1. 康熙貳拾壹年壬戌十二月初八日 戶婢月梅處明文<br /> <br /> The bill of sale&lt;ref&gt; A bill of sale (''myeongmun'' 明文) was given to a buyer when a deal was concluded between two individuals privately before having a government’s warrant.&lt;/ref&gt; to Chief Female Slave Wolmae&lt;ref&gt; Slave Wolmae is carrying out this business for her master Yi Pilseong. The ''yangban'' literati considered it shameful to be involved in business transactions themselves during the Joseon period.&lt;/ref&gt; on the 8th day of the 12th month of the 20th year [1682] of Emperor Kangxi’s reign [1661-1722]<br /> <br /> <br /> 右明文爲臥乎事段 矣身許多食口 連値㐫荒 生利爲難乙仍于 勢不得已 花山一道面 大路越員伏在 若字畓玖斗落只 參夜味內東邊參斗落只 壹夜味負數拾負參束庫乙 正租拾石以交易<br /> <br /> The purpose of this bill of sale is as follows:&lt;ref&gt; The literal translation of this sentence would be “The bill of sale mentioned on the right is as follows.” There are two explanations on the usage of wu 右 (“right”): one is that it refers to the word “bill of sale” 明文 written vertically on the right side. The other is that it suggests the document placed in a ruler’s right side which he was supposed to deal with first. Thus, wu 右 means the present document, which is based on A Clear Distinction of Styles (''Wenti mingbian'' 文體明辨). See Kim Seong-gap, “Joseonsidae myeongmun e gwanhan munseohakjeok yeon-gu 朝鮮時代 明文에 관한 文書學的 硏究,” (Ph.D. Diss., The Graduate School of Korean Studies, 2009), 66-7.&lt;/ref&gt; Since I [Dami] have many people in my family and encountered a series of severe famines, it is difficult to find the means to live on.&lt;ref&gt; This was a typical statement of contracts because it was forbidden for people to sell their inherited lands at their disposal in the Rank Land Law (''gwajeonbeop'' 科田法). However, in the sixth year of King Sejong’s reign, it was allowed in such urgent situations as providing for the funeral and burial of their parents, repaying their outstanding debts, or escaping from the grinding poverty. See Veritable Records of King Sejong, Year 6 (1424), Month 3, Day 23, Entry 3. (available at http://esillok.history.go.kr/front/index.do). Thereafter, people usually started with plausible excuses when they wrote this kind of document.&lt;/ref&gt; In this situation, I have no other choice but to exchange a strip of rice paddy for ten ''seok''&lt;ref&gt; One ''seok'' 石 (''seom'' in vernacular Korean) is approximately 180 liters. &lt;/ref&gt; of unhusked rice. The rice paddy is three ''durakji''&lt;ref&gt; Durakji 斗落只 or ''durak'' 斗落 (''majigi'' in vernacular Korean) is the amount of land on which one mal (18 liters) could be planted as seed. The size of land has varied in different regions. It is approximately 150-300 ''pyeong'' (495-990 square meters) for rice paddies and 100 ''pyeong'' (330 square meters) for dry fields. See James Palais, Confucian Statecraft and Korean Institutions, (Seattle and London: University of Washington Press, 1996), 364.&lt;/ref&gt; on the east side of three strips of paddy among nine ''durakji'' of the ''yak''&lt;ref&gt; ''Yak'' 若 is the 283rd character in the ''Qianzi wen'' 千字文 (''Thousand Character Classics''), which is used to refer to the location of the land.&lt;/ref&gt; paddy on Daerowol Plain of Hwasan ildo-myeon,&lt;ref&gt; This is located in modern Haenam in South Jeolla province.&lt;/ref&gt; producing ten loads&lt;ref&gt; The character for “load” is bu 負 (“burden”) or bu 卜 (“Korean A-frame carrier”), which is the amount of crop yields that a man could carry on his back with the A-frame carrier.&lt;/ref&gt; and three bundles&lt;ref&gt; The character for “bundle” is ''sok'' 束 (“bind”), which is the amount of rice plants. A handful of rice plants are called one pa 把 (“to grasp”). Ten handfuls (''pa'') of rice plants make one bundle (''sok'').&lt;/ref&gt; of grain. <br /> <br /> <br /> 依數捧上爲遣 同婢處永永放賣爲去乎 後此同生子息姪子中 生謀雜談爲去等 此文記告官卞正事<br /> <br /> I take the amount [of rice] and sell the property to the female slave [Wolmae] in perpetuity. Should there be a dispute at a later date among my siblings and nephews, take this document and report to the authorities for justice in this matter.<br /> <br /> <br /> 畓主 私奴 淡伊 (左寸)<br /> <br /> Paddy Owner: Private Male Slave, Dami [Signature of Left Index Finger Joint]<br /> <br /> <br /> 證人 同姓姪子私奴 石碧 (左寸)<br /> <br /> Witness: Paternal Nephew’s Male Slave, Seokbyeok [Signature of Left Index Finger Joint]<br /> <br /> <br /> 證保 內奴 處日 (左寸)<br /> <br /> Guarantor: Male Slave of the Palace Supply Bureau, Cheo-il [Signature of Left Index Finger Joint]<br /> <br /> <br /> 筆執 正兵 陳得昌 (手決)<br /> <br /> Scribe: Conscript Soldier, Jin Teukchang [Signature]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> |-<br /> | [[File:1683사노담이초사.jpg |border|1683사노담이초사|400px]]<br /> ||<br /> 癸亥三月初八日畓主私奴<br /> <br /> 淡伊年<br /> <br /> 白等矣身亦生利爲難<br /> <br /> 仍于資生次花山一道面大<br /> <br /> 路越員伏在若字畓九<br /> <br /> 斗落只參夜味內東邊<br /> <br /> 三斗落只一夜味庫乙<br /> <br /> 正租十石以折價捧上爲白遣<br /> <br /> 上項幼學李必晟戶婢月<br /> <br /> 梅處永永放賣的實爲白置相<br /> <br /> 考施行<br /> <br /> 白<br /> <br /> 官[押]<br /> ||<br /> (translation)<br /> <br /> 6.3. 招辭 1<br /> <br /> Statement of the Seller<br /> <br /> <br /> 癸亥三月初八日<br /> <br /> On the eighth day of the third month of the year ''gyehye'' [1683]<br /> <br /> <br /> 畓主私奴淡伊年 白等矣身亦 生利爲難仍于 資生次 花山一道面 大路越員伏在 若字畓九斗落只 參夜味內東邊三斗落只 一夜味庫乙 正租十石以 折價捧上爲白遣 上項幼學李必晟戶婢月梅處 永永放賣的實爲白置 相考施行<br /> I, Dami, as the paddy owner and private male slave aged ,&lt;ref&gt; His age is not recorded in the original text. The space for Dami’s age is not filled in.&lt;/ref&gt; state that I had a hard time making a living and so, in order to survive, I set the price of a strip of paddy which is three ''durakji'' on the east side of three strips of paddy among nine ''durakji'' of the ''yak'' paddy on Daerowol Plain of Hwasan ildo-myeon. Ten ''seok'' of unhusked rice was the set price and I accepted the amount. It is certainly true that the property was sold in perpetuity to Wolmae, chief female slave of the above-mentioned scholar Yi Pilseong. Please consider this and certify it.<br /> <br /> <br /> 官(押)<br /> <br /> Government Office [Signature]<br /> <br /> <br /> |-<br /> | [[File:1683사노석벽초사.jpg |border|1683사노석벽초사|400px]]<br /> ||<br /> 同日 證人私奴石碧年<br /> <br /> 證保內奴處日年<br /> <br /> 筆執正兵陳得昌年<br /> <br /> 白等奴淡伊亦生利爲難其矣<br /> <br /> 畓庫是在花山一道面大路越員伏<br /> <br /> 在若字畓三斗落只一夜味庫乙<br /> <br /> 價正租拾石以交易捧上爲遣<br /> <br /> 前項幼學李必晟戶婢月梅<br /> <br /> 處永永放賣時叅訂的實<br /> <br /> 爲白置相考施行<br /> <br /> 白[左寸]<br /> <br /> 白[左寸]<br /> <br /> 白[左寸]<br /> <br /> 白[署押]<br /> <br /> 官[押]<br /> <br /> ||<br /> (translation)<br /> <br /> 6.4. 招辭 2<br /> <br /> Statement of the Witness, the Guarantor, and the Scribe <br /> <br /> <br /> 同日 證人私奴石碧年 證保內奴處日年 筆執正兵陳得昌年 白等奴淡伊亦生利爲難 其矣畓庫是在 花山一道面 大路越員伏在 若字畓三斗落只 一夜味庫乙 價正租拾石 以交易捧上爲遣 前項幼學李必晟戶婢月梅處 永永放賣時 叅訂的實爲白置 相考施行<br /> <br /> On the same day, Witness Seokbyeok aged ,&lt;ref&gt; His age is not recorded in the original text. The space for Seokbyeok’s age is not filled in. &lt;/ref&gt; who is a private slave, Guarantor Cheo-il aged , who is a slave of the Palace Supply Bureau, and Scribe Jin Deukchang aged , who is a conscript soldier, state that Tami, a male slave, had a hard time making a living. [Thus,] he exchanged a strip of rice paddy for ten ''seok'' of unhusked rice. The rice paddy is three ''durakji'' in the ''yak''&lt;ref&gt; ''Yak'' 若 is the 283rd character in the ''Qianzi wen'' 千字文 (''Thousand Character Classics''), which is used to refer to the location of the land.&lt;/ref&gt; paddy on Daerowol Plain of Hwasan ildo-myeon. It is affirmed that the property was sold in perpetuity to Wolmae, chief female slave in the previously mentioned scholar Yi Pilseong’s house. Please consider this and certify it.<br /> <br /> <br /> 白 [左寸]<br /> <br /> Witness [Signature of Left Index Finger Joint]<br /> <br /> <br /> 白 [左寸]<br /> <br /> Witness [Signature of Left Index Finger Joint]<br /> <br /> <br /> 白 [左寸]<br /> <br /> Witness [Signature of Left Index Finger Joint]<br /> <br /> <br /> 白 [署押]<br /> <br /> Witness [Signature]<br /> <br /> <br /> 官 [押]<br /> <br /> Government Office [Signature]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> |-<br /> | [[File:1683호비월매입안.jpg |border|1683호비월매입안|400px]]<br /> ||<br /> 康熙二十二年三月日海南縣立案<br /> <br /> 右立案爲後考事粘連詳狀據<br /> <br /> 叅訂各人等招辭是置有亦上項<br /> <br /> 幼學李必晟戶婢月梅亦私奴<br /> <br /> 淡伊處花山一道面大道越員伏<br /> <br /> 在若字畓三斗落只庫乙買得<br /> <br /> 的實爲乎等以葉作官上爲<br /> <br /> 遣以憑後考次合行立案者<br /> <br /> 縣監[管押]<br /> ||<br /> (translation)<br /> <br /> 6.5. 康熙二十二年三月日海南縣立案<br /> <br /> Certificate issued by Haenam Prefecture on a certain day of the third month of the 24th year [1684] of Emperor Kangxi’s reign [1661-1722]<br /> <br /> <br /> 右立案爲後考事 粘連詳狀據<br /> <br /> This certificate is made to testify to this matter later based upon the attached documents with all the details. <br /> <br /> <br /> 叅訂各人等 招辭是置有亦 上項幼學李必晟戶婢月梅亦 私奴淡伊處 花山一道面 大道越員伏在 若字畓三斗落只庫乙買得 的實爲乎等 以葉作官上爲遣 以憑後考次 合行立案者<br /> <br /> Since each of the witnesses made a statement that it was certainly true for Wolmae, chief female slave of the previously mentioned scholar Yi Pilseong, to have bought three ''durakji'' of the yak paddy on Daerowol Plain of Hwasan ildo-myeon from Dami, private male slave, this official document is made. In order to be used as evidence later, the certificate should be issued.<br /> <br /> <br /> 縣監 [官押]<br /> <br /> Magistrate [of Haenam Prefecture] [Government Signature]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> =='''Discussion Questions'''==<br /> #<br /> #<br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Further Readings'''==<br /> &lt;!--<br /> &lt;div style=&quot;color:#008080;&quot;&gt;<br /> * View together with '''~~'''.<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> --&gt;<br /> *崔承熙, 『韓國古文書硏究』, 知識産業社, 1989. <br /> *法制處, 『古法典用語集』, 育志社, 1981. <br /> *檀國大學校 東洋學硏究所, 『韓國漢字語辭典』, 檀國大學校出版部, 1996. <br /> *장지영, 장세경, 『이두사전』, 정음사, 1983.<br /> <br /> =='''References'''==<br /> &lt;references/&gt;<br /> <br /> =='''Translation'''==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> *Discussion Questions:<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:2018 Hanmun Summer Workshop]]<br /> [[Category: Advanced Translation Group]]</div>

Sanghoon Na http://dh.aks.ac.kr/jsg/index.php?title=(Translation)_%E6%B5%B7%E5%8D%97%E5%B0%B9%E6%B0%8F_%E5%9C%9F%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%B7%E8%B3%A3_%E7%AB%8B%E6%A1%88&diff=15647 2018-08-25T09:08:36Z

<p>Sanghoon Na: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Primary Source Document3<br /> |Image = 1682호비월매토지매매명문등.jpg<br /> |English = Estate Certificate by Haenam Prefecture <br /> |Chinese = [http://archive.aks.ac.kr/imageViewer/ImageViewer.aspx?datauci=G002+AKS+KSM-XD.1683.4682-20101008.B003a_003_00409_001&amp;refuci=G002+AKS+KSM-XD.1683.0000-20101008.B003a_003_00409_003&amp;fname=G002+AKS+KSM-XD.1683.4682-20101008.B003a_003_00409_001-IMG.001.jpg&amp;closed=true 海南尹氏 土地買賣 立案]<br /> |Korean = 해남윤씨 토지매매입안(Haenam Yunssi Tojimaemae Iban)<br /> |Genre = [[Historical Manuscripts]]<br /> |Type = Certificate<br /> |Author = Tami <br /> |Year = 1683<br /> |Key Concepts= petition, certificate, slaves, <br /> |Translator = [[2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced)#Participants | Participants of 2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced Translation Group)]]<br /> |Editor = Sanghoon Na<br /> |Translation Year = 2018<br /> <br /> }}<br /> [[File:Backward.png|right|40px|link=2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced)#Primary Sources for Korean Studies]]<br /> &lt;gallery&gt;<br /> 파일:1683해남현입지.jpg |link=(Translation) 海南尹氏 土地買賣 立案|III-6-1. 1683年 海南縣 立旨 해남현 입지('' Haenamhyeon Ipji'')<br /> 파일:1682호비월매토지매매명문.jpg |link=(Translation) 海南尹氏 土地買賣 立案|III-6-2. 1682年 戶婢 月梅 土地賣買明文 호비 월매 토지매매명문(''Toji-maemae-myeongmun'')<br /> 파일:1683사노담이초사.jpg |link=(Translation) 海南尹氏 土地買賣 立案|III-6-3. 1683년 私奴 淡伊 招辭 사노 담이 초사(''Sano Dami Chosa'')<br /> 파일:1683사노석벽초사.jpg |link=(Translation) 海南尹氏 土地買賣 立案|III-6-4. 1683년 私奴 石碧 招辭 사노 석벽 초사(''Sano Seokbyeong Chosa'')<br /> 파일:1683호비월매입안.jpg |link=(Translation) 海南尹氏 土地買賣 立案|III-6-5. 1683年 戶婢 月梅 立案 호비 월매 입안(''Hobi Wolmae Iban'')<br /> &lt;/gallery&gt;<br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Introduction'''==<br /> <br /> 1683년 해남현(海南縣) 입지(立旨)<br /> <br /> <br /> http://archive.aks.ac.kr/Inspection/insDirView.aspx?dataUCI=G002+AKS+KSM-XD.1683.4682-20101008.B003a_003_00409_001<br /> <br /> <br /> 1682년(肅宗8)에 私奴 淡伊가 幼學 李必晟의 戶婢 月梅에게 畓 9마지기를 放賣하면서 작성한 明文.<br /> <br /> <br /> 주제<br /> 1682년(肅宗8)에 사노 담이가 畓 3마지기를 유학 이필성의 호비 월매에게 正租 10石을 받고 팔면서 써준 明文이다. 正租는 벼를 말한다. 매매 대상인 토지는 花山一道面 大路越員에 있는 若字 畓 3마지기인데, 이는 세 배미[夜味]로 이루어진 9마지기의 일부분으로서, 東邊의 한 배미이며, 卜數로는 10卜 3束이다. 배미[夜味]는 하나의 논두렁으로 구획된 畓 한 개를 헤아릴 때 쓰는 말이다. 따라서 이는 면적의 광협과는 상관이 없는 말이다. 員은 전답이 소재하는 들판을 이른다. 이 명문의 작성에는 畓主 이외에, 證人으로는 사노 石碧이, 證人 및 保人으로는 內奴 處日이, 筆執으로는 진득창이 각각 참여하였다. 內奴는 內需司에 소속된 종이다. 이 명문에는 증인, 보인, 필집이 각각 이 매매의 내용이 진실함을 진술한 招辭가 붙어 있으며, 官에서는 이를 기초로 이듬해인 1683년(肅宗9)에 이 매매 사실을 확인해주는 立案을 발급하였다.<br /> <br /> <br /> 용어<br /> 마지기(斗落只)는 파종량을 기준으로 한 전답의 면적 단위이다. 1마지기는 한 말[斗]의 씨앗을 파종할 수 있는 면적인데, 대개 토질에 따라 그 면적의 크기에 다소 차이가 있다. 卜數는 소출량에 근거한 租稅 單位이며, 負數로도 쓴다. 1負는 타작하기 전의 볏단 한 짐의 분량이다.<br /> <br /> =='''Original Script'''==<br /> <br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; background-color:#ffffff;&quot;<br /> !style=&quot;width:25%;&quot;|Image || style=&quot;width:25%;&quot;|Text || style=&quot;width:50%;&quot;| Translation<br /> |-<br /> | [[File:1683해남현입지.jpg |border|1683해남현입지|400px]]<br /> ||<br /> 花山面居幼學李必晟戶婢月梅<br /> <br /> 右謹陳所志矣段婢矣上典主敎是縣居私奴<br /> <br /> 淡伊處花山一道大路越員若字畓參斗<br /> <br /> 落只庫乙上年分買得未及官斜爲白有等<br /> <br /> 以敢此呼訴爲白去乎依例斜給行下爲白只爲<br /> <br /> 行下向敎是事<br /> <br /> 官司主處分<br /> <br /> 癸亥三月 日所志<br /> <br /> 官[押]<br /> <br /> [題辭]依願斜給向事 初五<br /> ||<br /> (translation)<br /> <br /> 花山面居幼學李必晟戶婢月梅 <br /> <br /> Wolmae, chief female slave of Yi Pilseong who is a scholar&lt;ref&gt; The characters for a scholar are ''yuhak'' 幼學, which literally means a “young learner” who did not pass the civil service examination yet. JaHyun K. Haboush translates it into a “student scholar” (Haboush, ''The Confucian Kingship in Korea'', 90) and Eugene Y. Park renders it into a “degreeless scholars.” (Park, ''Between Dreams and Reality'', 41).&lt;/ref&gt; The literal translation of this sentence would be “The bill of sale mentioned on the right is as follows.”&lt;ref&gt; The literal translation of this sentence would be “The petition mentioned on the right is as follows.” There are two explanations on the usage of ''wu'' 右 (“right”): one is that it refers to the word “bill of sale” 明文 written vertically on the right side. The other is that it suggests the document placed in a ruler’s right side which he was supposed to deal with first. Thus, wu 右 means the present document, which is based on ''A Clear Distinction of Styles'' (''Wenti mingbian'' 文體明辨). See Kim Seong-gap, “Joseonsidae myeongmun e gwanhan munseohakjeok yeon-gu 朝鮮時代 明文에 관한 文書學的 硏究,” (Ph.D. Diss., The Graduate School of Korean Studies, 2009), 66-7.&lt;/ref&gt; There are two explanations on the usage of ''wu'' 右 (“right”): one is that it refers to the word “bill of sale” 明文 written vertically on the right side. The other is that it suggests the document placed in a ruler’s right side which he was supposed to deal with first. Thus, ''wu'' 右 means the present document, which is based on A Clear Distinction of Styles (''Wenti mingbian'' 文體明辨). See Kim Seong-gap, “Joseonsidae myeongmun e gwanhan munseohakjeok yeon-gu 朝鮮時代 明文에 관한 文書學的 硏究,” (Ph.D. Diss., The Graduate School of Korean Studies, 2009), 66-7.&lt;/ref&gt; residing in Hwasan-myeon, <br /> <br /> <br /> 右謹陳所志矣段 婢矣上典主敎是 縣居私奴淡伊處 花山一道 大路越員 若字畓 參斗落只庫乙 上年分買得 未及官斜爲白有等以 敢此呼訴爲白去乎 依例斜給行下爲白只爲 <br /> <br /> The purpose of this petition is as follows: My master bought three ''durakji'' of the yak paddy on Daerowol Plain of Hwasan ildo [-myeon] from the male slave Dami, living in the same prefecture, last year. However, the certificate has not been issued yet, therefore I humbly appeal to you. According to precedent, please grant me the certificate.<br /> <br /> <br /> 行下向敎是事<br /> <br /> Please grant this petition.<br /> <br /> <br /> 官司主處分<br /> <br /> Request for Magistrate’s Approval <br /> <br /> <br /> 癸亥三月日 所志 <br /> <br /> Petition submitted on a certain day&lt;ref&gt; According to Sim Yeong-hwan (Senior Researcher at the Jangseogak Archives of The Academy of Korean Studies), it was usual that the exact date was not filled in because the drafter did not know when the petition would be delivered after it was completed. According to Mun Sukja (Researcher at the SNU Law Research Institute), the documents of the late Joseon period tended to omit the date unlike those of the early- or mid-Joseon period. Mun Sukja, “Reading the Documents of Property Distribution” (lecture, The Academy of Korean Studies, Seongnam, Gyeonggi province, August 22, 2018).&lt;/ref&gt; of the third month of the year ''gyehae'' [1683]<br /> <br /> <br /> (官押)<br /> <br /> [Government Signature]<br /> <br /> <br /> [題辭] 依願斜給向事 初五<br /> <br /> [Official Decision] A certificate is issued according to your wish on the fifth day.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> |-<br /> | [[File:1682호비월매토지매매명문.jpg |border|1682호비월매토지매매명문|400px]]<br /> ||<br /> 康熙貳拾壹年壬戌十二月初八日戶婢月梅處<br /> <br /> 明文<br /> <br /> 右明文爲臥乎事段矣身許多食口連<br /> <br /> 値㐫荒生利爲難乙仍于勢不得已花<br /> <br /> 山一道面大路越員伏在若字畓玖斗落只<br /> <br /> 參夜味內東邊參斗落只壹夜味負數拾<br /> <br /> 負參束庫乙正租拾石以交易依數捧上<br /> <br /> 爲遣同婢處永永放賣爲去乎後此同<br /> <br /> 生子息姪子中生謀雜談爲去等此<br /> <br /> 文記告官卞正事<br /> <br /> 畓主私奴淡伊[左寸]<br /> <br /> 證人同姓姪子私奴石碧[左寸]<br /> <br /> 證保內奴處日[左寸]<br /> <br /> 筆執正兵陳得昌[署押]<br /> ||<br /> (translation)<br /> <br /> III-6. 海南尹氏 土地買賣 立案&lt;ref&gt; An abridged certificate is called ''ipji'' 立旨, while an unabridged one is ''iban'' 立案 (estate certificate of registration). This document was made as a petition at first. Once the petition is ratified by a government office, it became a certificate. Therefore, the same document can be both a petition and a certificate.&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> <br /> 6.1. 康熙貳拾壹年壬戌十二月初八日 戶婢月梅處明文<br /> <br /> The bill of sale&lt;ref&gt; A bill of sale (''myeongmun'' 明文) was given to a buyer when a deal was concluded between two individuals privately before having a government’s warrant.&lt;/ref&gt; to Chief Female Slave Wolmae&lt;ref&gt; Slave Wolmae is carrying out this business for her master Yi Pilseong. The ''yangban'' literati considered it shameful to be involved in business transactions themselves during the Joseon period.&lt;/ref&gt; on the 8th day of the 12th month of the 20th year [1682] of Emperor Kangxi’s reign [1661-1722]<br /> <br /> <br /> 右明文爲臥乎事段 矣身許多食口 連値㐫荒 生利爲難乙仍于 勢不得已 花山一道面 大路越員伏在 若字畓玖斗落只 參夜味內東邊參斗落只 壹夜味負數拾負參束庫乙 正租拾石以交易<br /> <br /> The purpose of this bill of sale is as follows:&lt;ref&gt; The literal translation of this sentence would be “The bill of sale mentioned on the right is as follows.” There are two explanations on the usage of wu 右 (“right”): one is that it refers to the word “bill of sale” 明文 written vertically on the right side. The other is that it suggests the document placed in a ruler’s right side which he was supposed to deal with first. Thus, wu 右 means the present document, which is based on A Clear Distinction of Styles (''Wenti mingbian'' 文體明辨). See Kim Seong-gap, “Joseonsidae myeongmun e gwanhan munseohakjeok yeon-gu 朝鮮時代 明文에 관한 文書學的 硏究,” (Ph.D. Diss., The Graduate School of Korean Studies, 2009), 66-7.&lt;/ref&gt; Since I [Dami] have many people in my family and encountered a series of severe famines, it is difficult to find the means to live on.&lt;ref&gt; This was a typical statement of contracts because it was forbidden for people to sell their inherited lands at their disposal in the Rank Land Law (''gwajeonbeop'' 科田法). However, in the sixth year of King Sejong’s reign, it was allowed in such urgent situations as providing for the funeral and burial of their parents, repaying their outstanding debts, or escaping from the grinding poverty. See Veritable Records of King Sejong, Year 6 (1424), Month 3, Day 23, Entry 3. (available at http://esillok.history.go.kr/front/index.do). Thereafter, people usually started with plausible excuses when they wrote this kind of document.&lt;/ref&gt; In this situation, I have no other choice but to exchange a strip of rice paddy for ten ''seok''&lt;ref&gt; One ''seok'' 石 (''seom'' in vernacular Korean) is approximately 180 liters. &lt;/ref&gt; of unhusked rice. The rice paddy is three ''durakji''&lt;ref&gt; Durakji 斗落只 or ''durak'' 斗落 (''majigi'' in vernacular Korean) is the amount of land on which one mal (18 liters) could be planted as seed. The size of land has varied in different regions. It is approximately 150-300 ''pyeong'' (495-990 square meters) for rice paddies and 100 ''pyeong'' (330 square meters) for dry fields. See James Palais, Confucian Statecraft and Korean Institutions, (Seattle and London: University of Washington Press, 1996), 364.&lt;/ref&gt; on the east side of three strips of paddy among nine ''durakji'' of the ''yak''&lt;ref&gt; ''Yak'' 若 is the 283rd character in the ''Qianzi wen'' 千字文 (''Thousand Character Classics''), which is used to refer to the location of the land.&lt;/ref&gt; paddy on Daerowol Plain of Hwasan ildo-myeon,&lt;ref&gt; This is located in modern Haenam in South Jeolla province.&lt;/ref&gt; producing ten loads&lt;ref&gt; The character for “load” is bu 負 (“burden”) or bu 卜 (“Korean A-frame carrier”), which is the amount of crop yields that a man could carry on his back with the A-frame carrier.&lt;/ref&gt; and three bundles&lt;ref&gt; The character for “bundle” is ''sok'' 束 (“bind”), which is the amount of rice plants. A handful of rice plants are called one pa 把 (“to grasp”). Ten handfuls (''pa'') of rice plants make one bundle (''sok'').&lt;/ref&gt; of grain. <br /> <br /> <br /> 依數捧上爲遣 同婢處永永放賣爲去乎 後此同生子息姪子中 生謀雜談爲去等 此文記告官卞正事<br /> <br /> I take the amount [of rice] and sell the property to the female slave [Wolmae] in perpetuity. Should there be a dispute at a later date among my siblings and nephews, take this document and report to the authorities for justice in this matter.<br /> <br /> <br /> 畓主 私奴 淡伊 (左寸)<br /> <br /> Paddy Owner: Private Male Slave, Dami [Signature of Left Index Finger Joint]<br /> <br /> <br /> 證人 同姓姪子私奴 石碧 (左寸)<br /> <br /> Witness: Paternal Nephew’s Male Slave, Seokbyeok [Signature of Left Index Finger Joint]<br /> <br /> <br /> 證保 內奴 處日 (左寸)<br /> <br /> Guarantor: Male Slave of the Palace Supply Bureau, Cheo-il [Signature of Left Index Finger Joint]<br /> <br /> <br /> 筆執 正兵 陳得昌 (手決)<br /> <br /> Scribe: Conscript Soldier, Jin Teukchang [Signature]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> |-<br /> | [[File:1683사노담이초사.jpg |border|1683사노담이초사|400px]]<br /> ||<br /> 癸亥三月初八日畓主私奴<br /> <br /> 淡伊年<br /> <br /> 白等矣身亦生利爲難<br /> <br /> 仍于資生次花山一道面大<br /> <br /> 路越員伏在若字畓九<br /> <br /> 斗落只參夜味內東邊<br /> <br /> 三斗落只一夜味庫乙<br /> <br /> 正租十石以折價捧上爲白遣<br /> <br /> 上項幼學李必晟戶婢月<br /> <br /> 梅處永永放賣的實爲白置相<br /> <br /> 考施行<br /> <br /> 白<br /> <br /> 官[押]<br /> ||<br /> (translation)<br /> <br /> 6.3. 招辭 1<br /> <br /> Statement of the Seller<br /> <br /> <br /> 癸亥三月初八日<br /> <br /> On the eighth day of the third month of the year ''gyehye'' [1683]<br /> <br /> <br /> 畓主私奴淡伊年 白等矣身亦 生利爲難仍于 資生次 花山一道面 大路越員伏在 若字畓九斗落只 參夜味內東邊三斗落只 一夜味庫乙 正租十石以 折價捧上爲白遣 上項幼學李必晟戶婢月梅處 永永放賣的實爲白置 相考施行<br /> I, Dami, as the paddy owner and private male slave aged ,&lt;ref&gt; His age is not recorded in the original text. The space for Dami’s age is not filled in.&lt;/ref&gt; state that I had a hard time making a living and so, in order to survive, I set the price of a strip of paddy which is three ''durakji'' on the east side of three strips of paddy among nine ''durakji'' of the ''yak'' paddy on Daerowol Plain of Hwasan ildo-myeon. Ten ''seok'' of unhusked rice was the set price and I accepted the amount. It is certainly true that the property was sold in perpetuity to Wolmae, chief female slave of the above-mentioned scholar Yi Pilseong. Please consider this and certify it.<br /> <br /> <br /> 官(押)<br /> <br /> Government Office [Signature]<br /> <br /> <br /> |-<br /> | [[File:1683사노석벽초사.jpg |border|1683사노석벽초사|400px]]<br /> ||<br /> 同日 證人私奴石碧年<br /> <br /> 證保內奴處日年<br /> <br /> 筆執正兵陳得昌年<br /> <br /> 白等奴淡伊亦生利爲難其矣<br /> <br /> 畓庫是在花山一道面大路越員伏<br /> <br /> 在若字畓三斗落只一夜味庫乙<br /> <br /> 價正租拾石以交易捧上爲遣<br /> <br /> 前項幼學李必晟戶婢月梅<br /> <br /> 處永永放賣時叅訂的實<br /> <br /> 爲白置相考施行<br /> <br /> 白[左寸]<br /> <br /> 白[左寸]<br /> <br /> 白[左寸]<br /> <br /> 白[署押]<br /> <br /> 官[押]<br /> <br /> ||<br /> (translation)<br /> <br /> 6.4. 招辭 2<br /> <br /> Statement of the Witness, the Guarantor, and the Scribe <br /> <br /> <br /> 同日 證人私奴石碧年 證保內奴處日年 筆執正兵陳得昌年 白等奴淡伊亦生利爲難 其矣畓庫是在 花山一道面 大路越員伏在 若字畓三斗落只 一夜味庫乙 價正租拾石 以交易捧上爲遣 前項幼學李必晟戶婢月梅處 永永放賣時 叅訂的實爲白置 相考施行<br /> <br /> On the same day, Witness Seokbyeok aged ,&lt;ref&gt; His age is not recorded in the original text. The space for Seokbyeok’s age is not filled in. &lt;/ref&gt; who is a private slave, Guarantor Cheo-il aged , who is a slave of the Palace Supply Bureau, and Scribe Jin Deukchang aged , who is a conscript soldier, state that Tami, a male slave, had a hard time making a living. [Thus,] he exchanged a strip of rice paddy for ten ''seok'' of unhusked rice. The rice paddy is three ''durakji'' in the ''yak''&lt;ref&gt; ''Yak'' 若 is the 283rd character in the ''Qianzi wen'' 千字文 (''Thousand Character Classics''), which is used to refer to the location of the land.&lt;/ref&gt; paddy on Daerowol Plain of Hwasan ildo-myeon. It is affirmed that the property was sold in perpetuity to Wolmae, chief female slave in the previously mentioned scholar Yi Pilseong’s house. Please consider this and certify it.<br /> <br /> <br /> 白 [左寸]<br /> <br /> Witness [Signature of Left Index Finger Joint]<br /> <br /> <br /> 白 [左寸]<br /> <br /> Witness [Signature of Left Index Finger Joint]<br /> <br /> <br /> 白 [左寸]<br /> <br /> Witness [Signature of Left Index Finger Joint]<br /> <br /> <br /> 白 [署押]<br /> <br /> Witness [Signature]<br /> <br /> <br /> 官 [押]<br /> <br /> Government Office [Signature]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> |-<br /> | [[File:1683호비월매입안.jpg |border|1683호비월매입안|400px]]<br /> ||<br /> 康熙二十二年三月日海南縣立案<br /> <br /> 右立案爲後考事粘連詳狀據<br /> <br /> 叅訂各人等招辭是置有亦上項<br /> <br /> 幼學李必晟戶婢月梅亦私奴<br /> <br /> 淡伊處花山一道面大道越員伏<br /> <br /> 在若字畓三斗落只庫乙買得<br /> <br /> 的實爲乎等以葉作官上爲<br /> <br /> 遣以憑後考次合行立案者<br /> <br /> 縣監[管押]<br /> ||<br /> (translation)<br /> <br /> 6.5. 康熙二十二年三月日海南縣立案<br /> <br /> Certificate issued by Haenam Prefecture on a certain day of the third month of the 24th year [1684] of Emperor Kangxi’s reign [1661-1722]<br /> <br /> <br /> 右立案爲後考事 粘連詳狀據<br /> <br /> This certificate is made to testify to this matter later based upon the attached documents with all the details. <br /> <br /> <br /> 叅訂各人等 招辭是置有亦 上項幼學李必晟戶婢月梅亦 私奴淡伊處 花山一道面 大道越員伏在 若字畓三斗落只庫乙買得 的實爲乎等 以葉作官上爲遣 以憑後考次 合行立案者<br /> <br /> Since each of the witnesses made a statement that it was certainly true for Wolmae, chief female slave of the previously mentioned scholar Yi Pilseong, to have bought three ''durakji'' of the yak paddy on Daerowol Plain of Hwasan ildo-myeon from Dami, private male slave, this official document is made. In order to be used as evidence later, the certificate should be issued.<br /> <br /> <br /> 縣監 [官押]<br /> <br /> Magistrate [of Haenam Prefecture] [Government Signature]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> =='''Discussion Questions'''==<br /> #<br /> #<br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Further Readings'''==<br /> &lt;!--<br /> &lt;div style=&quot;color:#008080;&quot;&gt;<br /> * View together with '''~~'''.<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> --&gt;<br /> *崔承熙, 『韓國古文書硏究』, 知識産業社, 1989. <br /> *法制處, 『古法典用語集』, 育志社, 1981. <br /> *檀國大學校 東洋學硏究所, 『韓國漢字語辭典』, 檀國大學校出版部, 1996. <br /> *장지영, 장세경, 『이두사전』, 정음사, 1983.<br /> <br /> =='''References'''==<br /> &lt;references/&gt;<br /> <br /> =='''Translation'''==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> *Discussion Questions:<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:2018 Hanmun Summer Workshop]]<br /> [[Category: Advanced Translation Group]]</div>

Sanghoon Na http://dh.aks.ac.kr/jsg/index.php?title=(Translation)_%E6%B5%B7%E5%8D%97%E5%B0%B9%E6%B0%8F_%E5%9C%9F%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%B7%E8%B3%A3_%E7%AB%8B%E6%A1%88&diff=15646 2018-08-25T08:55:57Z

<p>Sanghoon Na: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Primary Source Document3<br /> |Image = 1682호비월매토지매매명문등.jpg<br /> |English = Estate Certificate by Haenam Prefecture <br /> |Chinese = [http://archive.aks.ac.kr/imageViewer/ImageViewer.aspx?datauci=G002+AKS+KSM-XD.1683.4682-20101008.B003a_003_00409_001&amp;refuci=G002+AKS+KSM-XD.1683.0000-20101008.B003a_003_00409_003&amp;fname=G002+AKS+KSM-XD.1683.4682-20101008.B003a_003_00409_001-IMG.001.jpg&amp;closed=true 海南尹氏 土地買賣 立案]<br /> |Korean = 해남윤씨 토지매매입안(Haenam Yunssi Tojimaemae Iban)<br /> |Genre = [[Historical Manuscripts]]<br /> |Type = Certificate<br /> |Author = Tami <br /> |Year = 1683<br /> |Key Concepts= certificate, slaves, <br /> |Translator = [[2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced)#Participants | Participants of 2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced Translation Group)]]<br /> |Editor = Sanghoon Na<br /> |Translation Year = 2018<br /> <br /> }}<br /> [[File:Backward.png|right|40px|link=2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced)#Primary Sources for Korean Studies]]<br /> &lt;gallery&gt;<br /> 파일:1683해남현입지.jpg |link=(Translation) 海南尹氏 土地買賣 立案|III-6-1. 1683年 海南縣 立旨 해남현 입지('' Haenamhyeon Ipji'')<br /> 파일:1682호비월매토지매매명문.jpg |link=(Translation) 海南尹氏 土地買賣 立案|III-6-2. 1682年 戶婢 月梅 土地賣買明文 호비 월매 토지매매명문(''Toji-maemae-myeongmun'')<br /> 파일:1683사노담이초사.jpg |link=(Translation) 海南尹氏 土地買賣 立案|III-6-3. 1683년 私奴 淡伊 招辭 사노 담이 초사(''Sano Dami Chosa'')<br /> 파일:1683사노석벽초사.jpg |link=(Translation) 海南尹氏 土地買賣 立案|III-6-4. 1683년 私奴 石碧 招辭 사노 석벽 초사(''Sano Seokbyeong Chosa'')<br /> 파일:1683호비월매입안.jpg |link=(Translation) 海南尹氏 土地買賣 立案|III-6-5. 1683年 戶婢 月梅 立案 호비 월매 입안(''Hobi Wolmae Iban'')<br /> &lt;/gallery&gt;<br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Introduction'''==<br /> <br /> 1683년 해남현(海南縣) 입지(立旨)<br /> <br /> <br /> http://archive.aks.ac.kr/Inspection/insDirView.aspx?dataUCI=G002+AKS+KSM-XD.1683.4682-20101008.B003a_003_00409_001<br /> <br /> <br /> 1682년(肅宗8)에 私奴 淡伊가 幼學 李必晟의 戶婢 月梅에게 畓 9마지기를 放賣하면서 작성한 明文.<br /> <br /> <br /> 주제<br /> 1682년(肅宗8)에 사노 담이가 畓 3마지기를 유학 이필성의 호비 월매에게 正租 10石을 받고 팔면서 써준 明文이다. 正租는 벼를 말한다. 매매 대상인 토지는 花山一道面 大路越員에 있는 若字 畓 3마지기인데, 이는 세 배미[夜味]로 이루어진 9마지기의 일부분으로서, 東邊의 한 배미이며, 卜數로는 10卜 3束이다. 배미[夜味]는 하나의 논두렁으로 구획된 畓 한 개를 헤아릴 때 쓰는 말이다. 따라서 이는 면적의 광협과는 상관이 없는 말이다. 員은 전답이 소재하는 들판을 이른다. 이 명문의 작성에는 畓主 이외에, 證人으로는 사노 石碧이, 證人 및 保人으로는 內奴 處日이, 筆執으로는 진득창이 각각 참여하였다. 內奴는 內需司에 소속된 종이다. 이 명문에는 증인, 보인, 필집이 각각 이 매매의 내용이 진실함을 진술한 招辭가 붙어 있으며, 官에서는 이를 기초로 이듬해인 1683년(肅宗9)에 이 매매 사실을 확인해주는 立案을 발급하였다.<br /> <br /> <br /> 용어<br /> 마지기(斗落只)는 파종량을 기준으로 한 전답의 면적 단위이다. 1마지기는 한 말[斗]의 씨앗을 파종할 수 있는 면적인데, 대개 토질에 따라 그 면적의 크기에 다소 차이가 있다. 卜數는 소출량에 근거한 租稅 單位이며, 負數로도 쓴다. 1負는 타작하기 전의 볏단 한 짐의 분량이다.<br /> <br /> =='''Original Script'''==<br /> <br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; background-color:#ffffff;&quot;<br /> !style=&quot;width:25%;&quot;|Image || style=&quot;width:25%;&quot;|Text || style=&quot;width:50%;&quot;| Translation<br /> |-<br /> | [[File:1683해남현입지.jpg |border|1683해남현입지|400px]]<br /> ||<br /> 花山面居幼學李必晟戶婢月梅<br /> <br /> 右謹陳所志矣段婢矣上典主敎是縣居私奴<br /> <br /> 淡伊處花山一道大路越員若字畓參斗<br /> <br /> 落只庫乙上年分買得未及官斜爲白有等<br /> <br /> 以敢此呼訴爲白去乎依例斜給行下爲白只爲<br /> <br /> 行下向敎是事<br /> <br /> 官司主處分<br /> <br /> 癸亥三月 日所志<br /> <br /> 官[押]<br /> <br /> [題辭]依願斜給向事 初五<br /> ||<br /> (translation)<br /> <br /> 花山面居幼學李必晟戶婢月梅 <br /> <br /> Wolmae, a female slave of Yi Pilseong who is a scholar&lt;ref&gt; The characters for a scholar are ''yuhak'' 幼學, which literally means a “young learner” who did not pass the civil service examination yet. JaHyun K. Haboush translates it into a “student scholar” (Haboush, ''The Confucian Kingship in Korea'', 90) and Eugene Y. Park renders it into a “degreeless scholars.” (Park, ''Between Dreams and Reality'', 41).&lt;/ref&gt; The literal translation of this sentence would be “The bill of sale mentioned on the right is as follows.”&lt;ref&gt; The literal translation of this sentence would be “The petition mentioned on the right is as follows.” There are two explanations on the usage of ''wu'' 右 (“right”): one is that it refers to the word “bill of sale” 明文 written vertically on the right side. The other is that it suggests the document placed in a ruler’s right side which he was supposed to deal with first. Thus, wu 右 means the present document, which is based on ''A Clear Distinction of Styles'' (''Wenti mingbian'' 文體明辨). See Kim Seong-gap, “Joseonsidae myeongmun e gwanhan munseohakjeok yeon-gu 朝鮮時代 明文에 관한 文書學的 硏究,” (Ph.D. Diss., The Graduate School of Korean Studies, 2009), 66-7.&lt;/ref&gt; There are two explanations on the usage of ''wu'' 右 (“right”): one is that it refers to the word “bill of sale” 明文 written vertically on the right side. The other is that it suggests the document placed in a ruler’s right side which he was supposed to deal with first. Thus, ''wu'' 右 means the present document, which is based on A Clear Distinction of Styles (''Wenti mingbian'' 文體明辨). See Kim Seong-gap, “Joseonsidae myeongmun e gwanhan munseohakjeok yeon-gu 朝鮮時代 明文에 관한 文書學的 硏究,” (Ph.D. Diss., The Graduate School of Korean Studies, 2009), 66-7.&lt;/ref&gt; residing in Hwasan-myeon, <br /> <br /> <br /> 右謹陳所志矣段 婢矣上典主敎是 縣居私奴淡伊處 花山一道 大路越員 若字畓 參斗落只庫乙 上年分買得 未及官斜爲白有等以 敢此呼訴爲白去乎 依例斜給行下爲白只爲 <br /> <br /> The purpose of this petition is as follows: My master bought three ''durakji'' of the yak paddy on Daerowol Plain of Hwasan ildo [-myeon] from the male slave Dami, living in the same prefecture, last year. However, the certificate has not been issued yet, therefore I humbly appeal to you. According to precedent, please grant me the certificate.<br /> <br /> <br /> 行下向敎是事<br /> <br /> Please grant this petition.<br /> <br /> <br /> 官司主處分<br /> <br /> Request for Magistrate’s Approval <br /> <br /> <br /> 癸亥三月日 所志 <br /> <br /> Petition submitted on a certain day&lt;ref&gt; According to Sim Yeong-hwan (Senior Researcher at the Jangseogak Archives of The Academy of Korean Studies), it was usual that the exact date was not filled in because the drafter did not know when the petition would be delivered after it was completed. According to Mun Sukja (Researcher at the SNU Law Research Institute), the documents of the late Joseon period tended to omit the date unlike those of the early- or mid-Joseon period. Mun Sukja, “Reading the Documents of Property Distribution” (lecture, The Academy of Korean Studies, Seongnam, Gyeonggi province, August 22, 2018).&lt;/ref&gt; of the third month of the year ''gyehae'' [1683]<br /> <br /> <br /> (官押)<br /> <br /> [Government Signature]<br /> <br /> <br /> [題辭] 依願斜給向事 初五<br /> <br /> [Official Decision] A certificate is issued according to your wish on the fifth day.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> |-<br /> | [[File:1682호비월매토지매매명문.jpg |border|1682호비월매토지매매명문|400px]]<br /> ||<br /> 康熙貳拾壹年壬戌十二月初八日戶婢月梅處<br /> <br /> 明文<br /> <br /> 右明文爲臥乎事段矣身許多食口連<br /> <br /> 値㐫荒生利爲難乙仍于勢不得已花<br /> <br /> 山一道面大路越員伏在若字畓玖斗落只<br /> <br /> 參夜味內東邊參斗落只壹夜味負數拾<br /> <br /> 負參束庫乙正租拾石以交易依數捧上<br /> <br /> 爲遣同婢處永永放賣爲去乎後此同<br /> <br /> 生子息姪子中生謀雜談爲去等此<br /> <br /> 文記告官卞正事<br /> <br /> 畓主私奴淡伊[左寸]<br /> <br /> 證人同姓姪子私奴石碧[左寸]<br /> <br /> 證保內奴處日[左寸]<br /> <br /> 筆執正兵陳得昌[署押]<br /> ||<br /> (translation)<br /> <br /> III-6. 海南尹氏 土地買賣 立案&lt;ref&gt; An abridged certificate is called ''ipji'' 立旨, while an unabridged one is ''iban'' 立案 (estate certificate of registration). This document was made as a petition at first. Once the petition is ratified by a government office, it became a certificate. Therefore, the same document can be both a petition and a certificate.&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> <br /> 6.1. 康熙貳拾壹年壬戌十二月初八日 戶婢月梅處明文<br /> <br /> The bill of sale&lt;ref&gt; A bill of sale (''myeongmun'' 明文) was given to a buyer when a deal was concluded between two individuals privately before having a government’s warrant.&lt;/ref&gt; to House Slave Wolmae&lt;ref&gt; Slave Wolmae is carrying out this business for her master Yi Pilseong. The yangban literati considered it shameful to be involved in business transactions themselves during the Joseon period.&lt;/ref&gt; on the 8th day of the 12th month of the 20th year [1682] of Emperor Kangxi’s reign [1661-1722]<br /> <br /> <br /> 右明文爲臥乎事段 矣身許多食口 連値㐫荒 生利爲難乙仍于 勢不得已 花山一道面 大路越員伏在 若字畓玖斗落只 參夜味內東邊參斗落只 壹夜味負數拾負參束庫乙 正租拾石以交易<br /> <br /> The purpose of this bill of sale is as follows:&lt;ref&gt; The literal translation of this sentence would be “The bill of sale mentioned on the right is as follows.” There are two explanations on the usage of wu 右 (“right”): one is that it refers to the word “bill of sale” 明文 written vertically on the right side. The other is that it suggests the document placed in a ruler’s right side which he was supposed to deal with first. Thus, wu 右 means the present document, which is based on A Clear Distinction of Styles (''Wenti mingbian'' 文體明辨). See Kim Seong-gap, “Joseonsidae myeongmun e gwanhan munseohakjeok yeon-gu 朝鮮時代 明文에 관한 文書學的 硏究,” (Ph.D. Diss., The Graduate School of Korean Studies, 2009), 66-7.&lt;/ref&gt; Since I [Dami] have many people in my family and encountered a series of severe famines, it is difficult to find the means to live on.&lt;ref&gt; This was a typical statement of contracts because it was forbidden for people to sell their inherited lands at their disposal in the Rank Land Law (''gwajeonbeop'' 科田法). However, in the sixth year of King Sejong’s reign, it was allowed in such urgent situations as providing for the funeral and burial of their parents, repaying their outstanding debts, or escaping from the grinding poverty. See Veritable Records of King Sejong, Year 6 (1424), Month 3, Day 23, Entry 3. (available at http://esillok.history.go.kr/front/index.do). Thereafter, people usually started with plausible excuses when they wrote this kind of document.&lt;/ref&gt; In this situation, I have no other choice but to exchange a strip of rice paddy for ten ''seok''&lt;ref&gt; One ''seok'' 石 (''seom'' in vernacular Korean) is approximately 180 liters. &lt;/ref&gt; of unhusked rice. The rice paddy is three ''durakji''&lt;ref&gt; Durakji 斗落只 or ''durak'' 斗落 (''majigi'' in vernacular Korean) is the amount of land on which one mal (18 liters) could be planted as seed. The size of land has varied in different regions. It is approximately 150-300 ''pyeong'' (495-990 square meters) for rice paddies and 100 ''pyeong'' (330 square meters) for dry fields. See James Palais, Confucian Statecraft and Korean Institutions, (Seattle and London: University of Washington Press, 1996), 364.&lt;/ref&gt; on the east side of three strips of paddy among nine ''durakji'' of the ''yak''&lt;ref&gt; ''Yak'' 若 is the 283rd character in the ''Qianzi wen'' 千字文 (''Thousand Character Classics''), which is used to refer to the location of the land.&lt;/ref&gt; paddy on Daerowol Plain of Hwasan ildo-myeon,&lt;ref&gt; This is located in modern Haenam in South Jeolla province.&lt;/ref&gt; producing ten loads&lt;ref&gt; The character for “load” is bu 負 (“burden”) or bu 卜 (“Korean A-frame carrier”), which is the amount of crop yields that a man could carry on his back with the A-frame carrier.&lt;/ref&gt; and three bundles&lt;ref&gt; The character for “bundle” is ''sok'' 束 (“bind”), which is the amount of rice plants. A handful of rice plants are called one pa 把 (“to grasp”). Ten handfuls (''pa'') of rice plants make one bundle (''sok'').&lt;/ref&gt; of grain. <br /> <br /> <br /> 依數捧上爲遣 同婢處永永放賣爲去乎 後此同生子息姪子中 生謀雜談爲去等 此文記告官卞正事<br /> <br /> I take the amount [of rice] and sell the property to the female slave [Wolmae] in perpetuity. Should there be a dispute at a later date among my siblings and nephews, take this document and report to the authorities for justice in this matter.<br /> <br /> <br /> 畓主 私奴 淡伊 (左寸)<br /> <br /> Paddy Owner: Private Male Slave, Dami [Signature of Left Index Finger Joint]<br /> <br /> <br /> 證人 同姓姪子私奴 石碧 (左寸)<br /> <br /> Witness: Paternal Nephew’s Male Slave, Seokbyeok [Signature of Left Index Finger Joint]<br /> <br /> <br /> 證保 內奴 處日 (左寸)<br /> <br /> Guarantor: Male Slave of the Palace Supply Bureau, Cheo-il [Signature of Left Index Finger Joint]<br /> <br /> <br /> 筆執 正兵 陳得昌 (手決)<br /> <br /> Scribe: Conscript Soldier, Jin Teukchang [Signature]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> |-<br /> | [[File:1683사노담이초사.jpg |border|1683사노담이초사|400px]]<br /> ||<br /> 癸亥三月初八日畓主私奴<br /> <br /> 淡伊年<br /> <br /> 白等矣身亦生利爲難<br /> <br /> 仍于資生次花山一道面大<br /> <br /> 路越員伏在若字畓九<br /> <br /> 斗落只參夜味內東邊<br /> <br /> 三斗落只一夜味庫乙<br /> <br /> 正租十石以折價捧上爲白遣<br /> <br /> 上項幼學李必晟戶婢月<br /> <br /> 梅處永永放賣的實爲白置相<br /> <br /> 考施行<br /> <br /> 白<br /> <br /> 官[押]<br /> ||<br /> (translation)<br /> <br /> 6.3. 招辭 1<br /> <br /> Statement of the Seller<br /> <br /> <br /> 癸亥三月初八日<br /> <br /> On the eighth day of the third month of the year ''gyehye'' [1683]<br /> <br /> <br /> 畓主私奴淡伊年 白等矣身亦 生利爲難仍于 資生次 花山一道面 大路越員伏在 若字畓九斗落只 參夜味內東邊三斗落只 一夜味庫乙 正租十石以 折價捧上爲白遣 上項幼學李必晟戶婢月梅處 永永放賣的實爲白置 相考施行<br /> I, Dami, as the paddy owner and private male slave aged ,&lt;ref&gt; His age is not recorded in the original text. The space for Dami’s age is not filled in.&lt;/ref&gt; state that I had a hard time making a living and so, in order to survive, I set the price of a strip of paddy which is three ''durakji'' on the east side of three strips of paddy among nine ''durakji'' of the yak paddy on Daerowol Plain of Hwasan ildo-myeon. Ten ''seok'' of unhusked rice was the set price and I accepted the amount. It is certainly true that the property was sold in perpetuity to Wolmae, female slave of the above-mentioned scholar Yi Pilseong. Please consider this and certify it.<br /> <br /> <br /> 官(押)<br /> <br /> Government Office [Signature]<br /> <br /> <br /> |-<br /> | [[File:1683사노석벽초사.jpg |border|1683사노석벽초사|400px]]<br /> ||<br /> 同日 證人私奴石碧年<br /> <br /> 證保內奴處日年<br /> <br /> 筆執正兵陳得昌年<br /> <br /> 白等奴淡伊亦生利爲難其矣<br /> <br /> 畓庫是在花山一道面大路越員伏<br /> <br /> 在若字畓三斗落只一夜味庫乙<br /> <br /> 價正租拾石以交易捧上爲遣<br /> <br /> 前項幼學李必晟戶婢月梅<br /> <br /> 處永永放賣時叅訂的實<br /> <br /> 爲白置相考施行<br /> <br /> 白[左寸]<br /> <br /> 白[左寸]<br /> <br /> 白[左寸]<br /> <br /> 白[署押]<br /> <br /> 官[押]<br /> <br /> ||<br /> (translation)<br /> <br /> 6.4. 招辭 2<br /> <br /> Statement of the Witness, the Guarantor, and the Scribe <br /> <br /> <br /> 同日 證人私奴石碧年 證保內奴處日年 筆執正兵陳得昌年 白等奴淡伊亦生利爲難 其矣畓庫是在 花山一道面 大路越員伏在 若字畓三斗落只 一夜味庫乙 價正租拾石 以交易捧上爲遣 前項幼學李必晟戶婢月梅處 永永放賣時 叅訂的實爲白置 相考施行<br /> <br /> On the same day, Witness Seokbyeok aged ,&lt;ref&gt; His age is not recorded in the original text. The space for Seokbyeok’s age is not filled in. &lt;/ref&gt; who is a private slave, Guarantor Cheo-il aged , who is a slave of the Palace Supply Bureau, and Scribe Jin Deukchang aged , who is a conscript soldier, state that Tami, a male slave, had a hard time making a living. [Thus,] he exchanged a strip of rice paddy for ten ''seok'' of unhusked rice. The rice paddy is three ''durakji'' in the ''yak''&lt;ref&gt; ''Yak'' 若 is the 283rd character in the ''Qianzi wen'' 千字文 (''Thousand Character Classics''), which is used to refer to the location of the land.&lt;/ref&gt; paddy on Daerowol Plain of Hwasan ildo-myeon. It is affirmed that the property was sold in perpetuity to Wolmae, a female slave in the previously mentioned scholar Yi Pilseong’s house. Please consider this and certify it.<br /> <br /> <br /> 白 [左寸]<br /> <br /> Witness [Signature of Left Index Finger Joint]<br /> <br /> <br /> 白 [左寸]<br /> <br /> Witness [Signature of Left Index Finger Joint]<br /> <br /> <br /> 白 [左寸]<br /> <br /> Witness [Signature of Left Index Finger Joint]<br /> <br /> <br /> 白 [署押]<br /> <br /> Witness [Signature]<br /> <br /> <br /> 官 [押]<br /> <br /> Government Office [Signature]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> |-<br /> | [[File:1683호비월매입안.jpg |border|1683호비월매입안|400px]]<br /> ||<br /> 康熙二十二年三月日海南縣立案<br /> <br /> 右立案爲後考事粘連詳狀據<br /> <br /> 叅訂各人等招辭是置有亦上項<br /> <br /> 幼學李必晟戶婢月梅亦私奴<br /> <br /> 淡伊處花山一道面大道越員伏<br /> <br /> 在若字畓三斗落只庫乙買得<br /> <br /> 的實爲乎等以葉作官上爲<br /> <br /> 遣以憑後考次合行立案者<br /> <br /> 縣監[管押]<br /> ||<br /> (translation)<br /> <br /> 6.5. 康熙二十二年三月日海南縣立案<br /> <br /> Certificate issued by Haenam Prefecture on a certain day of the third month of the 24th year [1684] of Emperor Kangxi’s reign [1661-1722]<br /> <br /> <br /> 右立案爲後考事 粘連詳狀據<br /> <br /> This certificate is made to testify to this matter later based upon the attached documents with all the details. <br /> <br /> <br /> 叅訂各人等 招辭是置有亦 上項幼學李必晟戶婢月梅亦 私奴淡伊處 花山一道面 大道越員伏在 若字畓三斗落只庫乙買得 的實爲乎等 以葉作官上爲遣 以憑後考次 合行立案者<br /> <br /> Since each of the witnesses made a statement that it was certainly true for Wolmae, female slave of the previously mentioned scholar Yi Pilseong, to have bought three ''durakji'' of the yak paddy on Daerowol Plain of Hwasan ildo-myeon from Dami, private male slave, this official document is made. In order to be used as evidence later, the certificate should be issued.<br /> <br /> <br /> 縣監 [官押]<br /> <br /> Magistrate [of Haenam Prefecture] [Government Signature]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> =='''Discussion Questions'''==<br /> #<br /> #<br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Further Readings'''==<br /> &lt;!--<br /> &lt;div style=&quot;color:#008080;&quot;&gt;<br /> * View together with '''~~'''.<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> --&gt;<br /> *崔承熙, 『韓國古文書硏究』, 知識産業社, 1989. <br /> *法制處, 『古法典用語集』, 育志社, 1981. <br /> *檀國大學校 東洋學硏究所, 『韓國漢字語辭典』, 檀國大學校出版部, 1996. <br /> *장지영, 장세경, 『이두사전』, 정음사, 1983.<br /> <br /> =='''References'''==<br /> &lt;references/&gt;<br /> <br /> =='''Translation'''==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> *Discussion Questions:<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:2018 Hanmun Summer Workshop]]<br /> [[Category: Advanced Translation Group]]</div>

Sanghoon Na http://dh.aks.ac.kr/jsg/index.php?title=(Translation)_%E6%B5%B7%E5%8D%97%E5%B0%B9%E6%B0%8F_%E5%9C%9F%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%B7%E8%B3%A3_%E7%AB%8B%E6%A1%88&diff=15645 2018-08-25T08:45:20Z

<p>Sanghoon Na: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Primary Source Document3<br /> |Image = 1682호비월매토지매매명문등.jpg<br /> |English = 1683 Official Permit of Haenam Prefecture<br /> |Chinese = [http://archive.aks.ac.kr/imageViewer/ImageViewer.aspx?datauci=G002+AKS+KSM-XD.1683.4682-20101008.B003a_003_00409_001&amp;refuci=G002+AKS+KSM-XD.1683.0000-20101008.B003a_003_00409_003&amp;fname=G002+AKS+KSM-XD.1683.4682-20101008.B003a_003_00409_001-IMG.001.jpg&amp;closed=true 海南尹氏 土地買賣 立案]<br /> |Korean = 해남윤씨 토지매매입안(Haenam Yunssi Tojimaemae Iban)<br /> |Genre = [[Historical Manuscripts]]<br /> |Type = Transfer deed <br /> |Author = Tami <br /> |Year = 1683<br /> |Key Concepts= transfer deed, official permit, slaves<br /> |Translator = [[2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced)#Participants | Participants of 2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced Translation Group)]]<br /> |Editor = Sanghoon Na<br /> |Translation Year = 2018<br /> <br /> }}<br /> [[File:Backward.png|right|40px|link=2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced)#Primary Sources for Korean Studies]]<br /> &lt;gallery&gt;<br /> 파일:1683해남현입지.jpg |link=(Translation) 海南尹氏 土地買賣 立案|III-6-1. 1683年 海南縣 立旨 해남현 입지('' Haenamhyeon Ipji'')<br /> 파일:1682호비월매토지매매명문.jpg |link=(Translation) 海南尹氏 土地買賣 立案|III-6-2. 1682年 戶婢 月梅 土地賣買明文 호비 월매 토지매매명문(''Toji-maemae-myeongmun'')<br /> 파일:1683사노담이초사.jpg |link=(Translation) 海南尹氏 土地買賣 立案|III-6-3. 1683년 私奴 淡伊 招辭 사노 담이 초사(''Sano Dami Chosa'')<br /> 파일:1683사노석벽초사.jpg |link=(Translation) 海南尹氏 土地買賣 立案|III-6-4. 1683년 私奴 石碧 招辭 사노 석벽 초사(''Sano Seokbyeong Chosa'')<br /> 파일:1683호비월매입안.jpg |link=(Translation) 海南尹氏 土地買賣 立案|III-6-5. 1683年 戶婢 月梅 立案 호비 월매 입안(''Hobi Wolmae Iban'')<br /> &lt;/gallery&gt;<br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Introduction'''==<br /> <br /> 1683년 해남현(海南縣) 입지(立旨)<br /> <br /> <br /> http://archive.aks.ac.kr/Inspection/insDirView.aspx?dataUCI=G002+AKS+KSM-XD.1683.4682-20101008.B003a_003_00409_001<br /> <br /> <br /> 1682년(肅宗8)에 私奴 淡伊가 幼學 李必晟의 戶婢 月梅에게 畓 9마지기를 放賣하면서 작성한 明文.<br /> <br /> <br /> 주제<br /> 1682년(肅宗8)에 사노 담이가 畓 3마지기를 유학 이필성의 호비 월매에게 正租 10石을 받고 팔면서 써준 明文이다. 正租는 벼를 말한다. 매매 대상인 토지는 花山一道面 大路越員에 있는 若字 畓 3마지기인데, 이는 세 배미[夜味]로 이루어진 9마지기의 일부분으로서, 東邊의 한 배미이며, 卜數로는 10卜 3束이다. 배미[夜味]는 하나의 논두렁으로 구획된 畓 한 개를 헤아릴 때 쓰는 말이다. 따라서 이는 면적의 광협과는 상관이 없는 말이다. 員은 전답이 소재하는 들판을 이른다. 이 명문의 작성에는 畓主 이외에, 證人으로는 사노 石碧이, 證人 및 保人으로는 內奴 處日이, 筆執으로는 진득창이 각각 참여하였다. 內奴는 內需司에 소속된 종이다. 이 명문에는 증인, 보인, 필집이 각각 이 매매의 내용이 진실함을 진술한 招辭가 붙어 있으며, 官에서는 이를 기초로 이듬해인 1683년(肅宗9)에 이 매매 사실을 확인해주는 立案을 발급하였다.<br /> <br /> <br /> 용어<br /> 마지기(斗落只)는 파종량을 기준으로 한 전답의 면적 단위이다. 1마지기는 한 말[斗]의 씨앗을 파종할 수 있는 면적인데, 대개 토질에 따라 그 면적의 크기에 다소 차이가 있다. 卜數는 소출량에 근거한 租稅 單位이며, 負數로도 쓴다. 1負는 타작하기 전의 볏단 한 짐의 분량이다.<br /> <br /> =='''Original Script'''==<br /> <br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; background-color:#ffffff;&quot;<br /> !style=&quot;width:25%;&quot;|Image || style=&quot;width:25%;&quot;|Text || style=&quot;width:50%;&quot;| Translation<br /> |-<br /> | [[File:1683해남현입지.jpg |border|1683해남현입지|400px]]<br /> ||<br /> 花山面居幼學李必晟戶婢月梅<br /> <br /> 右謹陳所志矣段婢矣上典主敎是縣居私奴<br /> <br /> 淡伊處花山一道大路越員若字畓參斗<br /> <br /> 落只庫乙上年分買得未及官斜爲白有等<br /> <br /> 以敢此呼訴爲白去乎依例斜給行下爲白只爲<br /> <br /> 行下向敎是事<br /> <br /> 官司主處分<br /> <br /> 癸亥三月 日所志<br /> <br /> 官[押]<br /> <br /> [題辭]依願斜給向事 初五<br /> ||<br /> (translation)<br /> <br /> 花山面居幼學李必晟戶婢月梅 <br /> <br /> Wolmae, a female slave of Yi Pilseong who is a scholar&lt;ref&gt; The characters for a scholar are ''yuhak'' 幼學, which literally means a “young learner” who did not pass the civil service examination yet. JaHyun K. Haboush translates it into a “student scholar” (Haboush, ''The Confucian Kingship in Korea'', 90) and Eugene Y. Park renders it into a “degreeless scholars.” (Park, ''Between Dreams and Reality'', 41).&lt;/ref&gt; The literal translation of this sentence would be “The bill of sale mentioned on the right is as follows.”&lt;ref&gt; The literal translation of this sentence would be “The petition mentioned on the right is as follows.” There are two explanations on the usage of wu 右 (“right”): one is that it refers to the word “bill of sale” 明文 written vertically on the right side. The other is that it suggests the document placed in a ruler’s right side which he was supposed to deal with first. Thus, wu 右 means the present document, which is based on A Clear Distinction of Styles (Wenti mingbian 文體明辨). See Kim Seong-gap, “Joseonsidae myeongmun e gwanhan munseohakjeok yeon-gu 朝鮮時代 明文에 관한 文書學的 硏究,” (Ph.D. Diss., The Graduate School of Korean Studies, 2009), 66-7.&lt;/ref&gt; There are two explanations on the usage of ''wu'' 右 (“right”): one is that it refers to the word “bill of sale” 明文 written vertically on the right side. The other is that it suggests the document placed in a ruler’s right side which he was supposed to deal with first. Thus, ''wu'' 右 means the present document, which is based on A Clear Distinction of Styles (''Wenti mingbian'' 文體明辨). See Kim Seong-gap, “Joseonsidae myeongmun e gwanhan munseohakjeok yeon-gu 朝鮮時代 明文에 관한 文書學的 硏究,” (Ph.D. Diss., The Graduate School of Korean Studies, 2009), 66-7.&lt;/ref&gt; residing in Hwasan-myeon, <br /> <br /> <br /> 右謹陳所志矣段 婢矣上典主敎是 縣居私奴淡伊處 花山一道 大路越員 若字畓 參斗落只庫乙 上年分買得 未及官斜爲白有等以 敢此呼訴爲白去乎 依例斜給行下爲白只爲 <br /> <br /> The purpose of this petition is as follows: My master bought three ''durakji'' of the yak paddy on Daerowol Plain of Hwasan ildo [-myeon] from the male slave Dami, living in the same prefecture, last year. However, the certificate has not been issued yet, therefore I humbly appeal to you. According to precedent, please grant me the certificate.<br /> <br /> <br /> 行下向敎是事<br /> <br /> Please grant this petition.<br /> <br /> <br /> 官司主處分<br /> <br /> Request for Magistrate’s Approval <br /> <br /> <br /> 癸亥三月日 所志 <br /> <br /> Petition submitted on a certain day&lt;ref&gt; According to Sim Yeong-hwan (Senior Researcher at the Jangseogak Archives of The Academy of Korean Studies), it was usual that the exact date was not filled in because the drafter did not know when the petition would be delivered after it was completed. According to Mun Sukja (Researcher at the SNU Law Research Institute), the documents of the late Joseon period tended to omit the date unlike those of the early- or mid-Joseon period. Mun Sukja, “Reading the Documents of Property Distribution” (lecture, The Academy of Korean Studies, Seongnam, Gyeonggi province, August 22, 2018).&lt;/ref&gt; of the third month of the year ''gyehae'' [1683]<br /> <br /> <br /> (官押)<br /> <br /> [Government Signature]<br /> <br /> <br /> [題辭] 依願斜給向事 初五<br /> <br /> [Official Decision] A certificate is issued according to your wish on the fifth day.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> |-<br /> | [[File:1682호비월매토지매매명문.jpg |border|1682호비월매토지매매명문|400px]]<br /> ||<br /> 康熙貳拾壹年壬戌十二月初八日戶婢月梅處<br /> <br /> 明文<br /> <br /> 右明文爲臥乎事段矣身許多食口連<br /> <br /> 値㐫荒生利爲難乙仍于勢不得已花<br /> <br /> 山一道面大路越員伏在若字畓玖斗落只<br /> <br /> 參夜味內東邊參斗落只壹夜味負數拾<br /> <br /> 負參束庫乙正租拾石以交易依數捧上<br /> <br /> 爲遣同婢處永永放賣爲去乎後此同<br /> <br /> 生子息姪子中生謀雜談爲去等此<br /> <br /> 文記告官卞正事<br /> <br /> 畓主私奴淡伊[左寸]<br /> <br /> 證人同姓姪子私奴石碧[左寸]<br /> <br /> 證保內奴處日[左寸]<br /> <br /> 筆執正兵陳得昌[署押]<br /> ||<br /> (translation)<br /> <br /> III-6. 海南尹氏 土地買賣 立案&lt;ref&gt; An abridged certificate is called ''ipji'' 立旨, while an unabridged one is ''iban'' 立案 (estate certificate of registration). This document was made as a petition at first. Once the petition is ratified by a government office, it became a certificate. Therefore, the same document can be both a petition and a certificate.&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> <br /> 6.1. 康熙貳拾壹年壬戌十二月初八日 戶婢月梅處明文<br /> <br /> The bill of sale&lt;ref&gt; A bill of sale (''myeongmun'' 明文) was given to a buyer when a deal was concluded between two individuals privately before having a government’s warrant.&lt;/ref&gt; to House Slave Wolmae&lt;ref&gt; Slave Wolmae is carrying out this business for her master Yi Pilseong. The yangban literati considered it shameful to be involved in business transactions themselves during the Joseon period.&lt;/ref&gt; on the 8th day of the 12th month of the 20th year [1682] of Emperor Kangxi’s reign [1661-1722]<br /> <br /> <br /> 右明文爲臥乎事段 矣身許多食口 連値㐫荒 生利爲難乙仍于 勢不得已 花山一道面 大路越員伏在 若字畓玖斗落只 參夜味內東邊參斗落只 壹夜味負數拾負參束庫乙 正租拾石以交易<br /> <br /> The purpose of this bill of sale is as follows:&lt;ref&gt; The literal translation of this sentence would be “The bill of sale mentioned on the right is as follows.” There are two explanations on the usage of wu 右 (“right”): one is that it refers to the word “bill of sale” 明文 written vertically on the right side. The other is that it suggests the document placed in a ruler’s right side which he was supposed to deal with first. Thus, wu 右 means the present document, which is based on A Clear Distinction of Styles (''Wenti mingbian'' 文體明辨). See Kim Seong-gap, “Joseonsidae myeongmun e gwanhan munseohakjeok yeon-gu 朝鮮時代 明文에 관한 文書學的 硏究,” (Ph.D. Diss., The Graduate School of Korean Studies, 2009), 66-7.&lt;/ref&gt; Since I [Dami] have many people in my family and encountered a series of severe famines, it is difficult to find the means to live on.&lt;ref&gt; This was a typical statement of contracts because it was forbidden for people to sell their inherited lands at their disposal in the Rank Land Law (''gwajeonbeop'' 科田法). However, in the sixth year of King Sejong’s reign, it was allowed in such urgent situations as providing for the funeral and burial of their parents, repaying their outstanding debts, or escaping from the grinding poverty. See Veritable Records of King Sejong, Year 6 (1424), Month 3, Day 23, Entry 3. (available at http://esillok.history.go.kr/front/index.do). Thereafter, people usually started with plausible excuses when they wrote this kind of document.&lt;/ref&gt; In this situation, I have no other choice but to exchange a strip of rice paddy for ten ''seok''&lt;ref&gt; One ''seok'' 石 (''seom'' in vernacular Korean) is approximately 180 liters. &lt;/ref&gt; of unhusked rice. The rice paddy is three ''durakji''&lt;ref&gt; Durakji 斗落只 or ''durak'' 斗落 (''majigi'' in vernacular Korean) is the amount of land on which one mal (18 liters) could be planted as seed. The size of land has varied in different regions. It is approximately 150-300 ''pyeong'' (495-990 square meters) for rice paddies and 100 ''pyeong'' (330 square meters) for dry fields. See James Palais, Confucian Statecraft and Korean Institutions, (Seattle and London: University of Washington Press, 1996), 364.&lt;/ref&gt; on the east side of three strips of paddy among nine ''durakji'' of the ''yak''&lt;ref&gt; ''Yak'' 若 is the 283rd character in the ''Qianzi wen'' 千字文 (''Thousand Character Classics''), which is used to refer to the location of the land.&lt;/ref&gt; paddy on Daerowol Plain of Hwasan ildo-myeon,&lt;ref&gt; This is located in modern Haenam in South Jeolla province.&lt;/ref&gt; producing ten loads&lt;ref&gt; The character for “load” is bu 負 (“burden”) or bu 卜 (“Korean A-frame carrier”), which is the amount of crop yields that a man could carry on his back with the A-frame carrier.&lt;/ref&gt; and three bundles&lt;ref&gt; The character for “bundle” is ''sok'' 束 (“bind”), which is the amount of rice plants. A handful of rice plants are called one pa 把 (“to grasp”). Ten handfuls (''pa'') of rice plants make one bundle (''sok'').&lt;/ref&gt; of grain. <br /> <br /> <br /> 依數捧上爲遣 同婢處永永放賣爲去乎 後此同生子息姪子中 生謀雜談爲去等 此文記告官卞正事<br /> <br /> I take the amount [of rice] and sell the property to the female slave [Wolmae] in perpetuity. Should there be a dispute at a later date among my siblings and nephews, take this document and report to the authorities for justice in this matter.<br /> <br /> <br /> 畓主 私奴 淡伊 (左寸)<br /> <br /> Paddy Owner: Private Male Slave, Dami [Signature of Left Index Finger Joint]<br /> <br /> <br /> 證人 同姓姪子私奴 石碧 (左寸)<br /> <br /> Witness: Paternal Nephew’s Male Slave, Seokbyeok [Signature of Left Index Finger Joint]<br /> <br /> <br /> 證保 內奴 處日 (左寸)<br /> <br /> Guarantor: Male Slave of the Palace Supply Bureau, Cheo-il [Signature of Left Index Finger Joint]<br /> <br /> <br /> 筆執 正兵 陳得昌 (手決)<br /> <br /> Scribe: Conscript Soldier, Jin Teukchang [Signature]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> |-<br /> | [[File:1683사노담이초사.jpg |border|1683사노담이초사|400px]]<br /> ||<br /> 癸亥三月初八日畓主私奴<br /> <br /> 淡伊年<br /> <br /> 白等矣身亦生利爲難<br /> <br /> 仍于資生次花山一道面大<br /> <br /> 路越員伏在若字畓九<br /> <br /> 斗落只參夜味內東邊<br /> <br /> 三斗落只一夜味庫乙<br /> <br /> 正租十石以折價捧上爲白遣<br /> <br /> 上項幼學李必晟戶婢月<br /> <br /> 梅處永永放賣的實爲白置相<br /> <br /> 考施行<br /> <br /> 白<br /> <br /> 官[押]<br /> ||<br /> (translation)<br /> <br /> 6.3. 招辭 1<br /> <br /> Statement of the Seller<br /> <br /> <br /> 癸亥三月初八日<br /> <br /> On the eighth day of the third month of the year ''gyehye'' [1683]<br /> <br /> <br /> 畓主私奴淡伊年 白等矣身亦 生利爲難仍于 資生次 花山一道面 大路越員伏在 若字畓九斗落只 參夜味內東邊三斗落只 一夜味庫乙 正租十石以 折價捧上爲白遣 上項幼學李必晟戶婢月梅處 永永放賣的實爲白置 相考施行<br /> I, Dami, as the paddy owner and private male slave aged ,&lt;ref&gt; His age is not recorded in the original text. The space for Dami’s age is not filled in.&lt;/ref&gt; state that I had a hard time making a living and so, in order to survive, I set the price of a strip of paddy which is three ''durakji'' on the east side of three strips of paddy among nine ''durakji'' of the yak paddy on Daerowol Plain of Hwasan ildo-myeon. Ten ''seok'' of unhusked rice was the set price and I accepted the amount. It is certainly true that the property was sold in perpetuity to Wolmae, female slave of the above-mentioned scholar Yi Pilseong. Please consider this and certify it.<br /> <br /> <br /> 官(押)<br /> <br /> Government Office [Signature]<br /> <br /> <br /> |-<br /> | [[File:1683사노석벽초사.jpg |border|1683사노석벽초사|400px]]<br /> ||<br /> 同日 證人私奴石碧年<br /> <br /> 證保內奴處日年<br /> <br /> 筆執正兵陳得昌年<br /> <br /> 白等奴淡伊亦生利爲難其矣<br /> <br /> 畓庫是在花山一道面大路越員伏<br /> <br /> 在若字畓三斗落只一夜味庫乙<br /> <br /> 價正租拾石以交易捧上爲遣<br /> <br /> 前項幼學李必晟戶婢月梅<br /> <br /> 處永永放賣時叅訂的實<br /> <br /> 爲白置相考施行<br /> <br /> 白[左寸]<br /> <br /> 白[左寸]<br /> <br /> 白[左寸]<br /> <br /> 白[署押]<br /> <br /> 官[押]<br /> <br /> ||<br /> (translation)<br /> <br /> 6.4. 招辭 2<br /> <br /> Statement of the Witness, the Guarantor, and the Scribe <br /> <br /> <br /> 同日 證人私奴石碧年 證保內奴處日年 筆執正兵陳得昌年 白等奴淡伊亦生利爲難 其矣畓庫是在 花山一道面 大路越員伏在 若字畓三斗落只 一夜味庫乙 價正租拾石 以交易捧上爲遣 前項幼學李必晟戶婢月梅處 永永放賣時 叅訂的實爲白置 相考施行<br /> <br /> On the same day, Witness Seokbyeok aged ,&lt;ref&gt; His age is not recorded in the original text. The space for Seokbyeok’s age is not filled in. &lt;/ref&gt; who is a private slave, Guarantor Cheo-il aged , who is a slave of the Palace Supply Bureau, and Scribe Jin Deukchang aged , who is a conscript soldier, state that Tami, a male slave, had a hard time making a living. [Thus,] he exchanged a strip of rice paddy for ten ''seok'' of unhusked rice. The rice paddy is three ''durakji'' in the ''yak''&lt;ref&gt; ''Yak'' 若 is the 283rd character in the ''Qianzi wen'' 千字文 (''Thousand Character Classics''), which is used to refer to the location of the land.&lt;/ref&gt; paddy on Daerowol Plain of Hwasan ildo-myeon. It is affirmed that the property was sold in perpetuity to Wolmae, a female slave in the previously mentioned scholar Yi Pilseong’s house. Please consider this and certify it.<br /> <br /> <br /> 白 [左寸]<br /> <br /> Witness [Signature of Left Index Finger Joint]<br /> <br /> <br /> 白 [左寸]<br /> <br /> Witness [Signature of Left Index Finger Joint]<br /> <br /> <br /> 白 [左寸]<br /> <br /> Witness [Signature of Left Index Finger Joint]<br /> <br /> <br /> 白 [署押]<br /> <br /> Witness [Signature]<br /> <br /> <br /> 官 [押]<br /> <br /> Government Office [Signature]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> |-<br /> | [[File:1683호비월매입안.jpg |border|1683호비월매입안|400px]]<br /> ||<br /> 康熙二十二年三月日海南縣立案<br /> <br /> 右立案爲後考事粘連詳狀據<br /> <br /> 叅訂各人等招辭是置有亦上項<br /> <br /> 幼學李必晟戶婢月梅亦私奴<br /> <br /> 淡伊處花山一道面大道越員伏<br /> <br /> 在若字畓三斗落只庫乙買得<br /> <br /> 的實爲乎等以葉作官上爲<br /> <br /> 遣以憑後考次合行立案者<br /> <br /> 縣監[管押]<br /> ||<br /> (translation)<br /> <br /> 6.5. 康熙二十二年三月日海南縣立案<br /> <br /> Certificate issued by Haenam Prefecture on a certain day of the third month of the 24th year [1684] of Emperor Kangxi’s reign [1661-1722]<br /> <br /> <br /> 右立案爲後考事 粘連詳狀據<br /> <br /> This certificate is made to testify to this matter later based upon the attached documents with all the details. <br /> <br /> <br /> 叅訂各人等 招辭是置有亦 上項幼學李必晟戶婢月梅亦 私奴淡伊處 花山一道面 大道越員伏在 若字畓三斗落只庫乙買得 的實爲乎等 以葉作官上爲遣 以憑後考次 合行立案者<br /> <br /> Since each of the witnesses made a statement that it was certainly true for Wolmae, female slave of the previously mentioned scholar Yi Pilseong, to have bought three ''durakji'' of the yak paddy on Daerowol Plain of Hwasan ildo-myeon from Dami, private male slave, this official document is made. In order to be used as evidence later, the certificate should be issued.<br /> <br /> <br /> 縣監 [官押]<br /> <br /> Magistrate [of Haenam Prefecture] [Government Signature]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> =='''Discussion Questions'''==<br /> #<br /> #<br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Further Readings'''==<br /> &lt;!--<br /> &lt;div style=&quot;color:#008080;&quot;&gt;<br /> * View together with '''~~'''.<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> --&gt;<br /> *崔承熙, 『韓國古文書硏究』, 知識産業社, 1989. <br /> *法制處, 『古法典用語集』, 育志社, 1981. <br /> *檀國大學校 東洋學硏究所, 『韓國漢字語辭典』, 檀國大學校出版部, 1996. <br /> *장지영, 장세경, 『이두사전』, 정음사, 1983.<br /> <br /> =='''References'''==<br /> &lt;references/&gt;<br /> <br /> =='''Translation'''==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> *Discussion Questions:<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:2018 Hanmun Summer Workshop]]<br /> [[Category: Advanced Translation Group]]</div>

Sanghoon Na http://dh.aks.ac.kr/jsg/index.php?title=(Translation)_%E4%B9%BE%E9%9A%86%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E5%B9%B4%E4%B8%81%E4%B8%91%E5%9B%9B%E6%9C%88%E5%88%9D%E5%9B%9B%E6%97%A5_%E5%B9%BC%E5%AD%B8_%E6%9D%8E%E4%B9%83%E8%95%83_%E6%98%8E%E6%96%87&diff=15644 2018-08-25T07:54:44Z

<p>Sanghoon Na: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Primary Source Document3<br /> |Image = 1757이내번명문.jpg<br /> |English = Deed to Scholar Yi Naebeon on the 4th day of the 4th month in 1682<br /> |Chinese = 乾隆二十二年丁丑四月初四日 幼學 李乃蕃 明文<br /> |Korean = 건륭이십이년정축사월초사일 유학 이내번 명문(''Geollyungisibinyeonjeongchuksawolchosail Yuhang Inaebeon Myeongmun'')<br /> |Genre = [[Historical Manuscripts]]<br /> |Type = Record<br /> |Author = 李乃蕃 <br /> |Year = 1757<br /> |Key Concepts= fields set apart for sacrificial purposes, Seongyo, tenant’s property, dispute<br /> |Translator = [[2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced)#Participants | Participants of 2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced Translation Group)]]<br /> |Editor = Sanghoon Na<br /> |Translation Year = 2018<br /> <br /> }}<br /> [[File:Backward.png|right|40px|link=2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced)#Primary Sources for Korean Studies]]<br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Introduction'''==<br /> <br /> =='''Original Script'''==<br /> <br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;width:80%; font-size:110%; color:#002080; background-color:#ffffff;&quot;<br /> !style=&quot;width:40%;&quot;|Classical Chinese || style=&quot;width:60%;&quot;| English <br /> |-<br /> |<br /> 乾隆二十二年丁丑四月初四日幼學李乃內蕃前明文<br /> <br /> 右明文爲臥乎事段吾矣祖先山所乙移葬於他處<br /> <br /> 爲計故不得已祭位爲在船橋羽字五十八田三卜四束<br /> <br /> 十斗落只庫果丁洞讚字百十五畓二卜七束五斗落只<br /> <br /> 庫乙折價錢文二十五兩依數捧上爲遣今年爲<br /> <br /> 始永永放賣爲去乎本文記兩庫段他田民幷付乙仍<br /> <br /> 于不得許給而幸日後良中吾矣門人中如有雜<br /> <br /> 談是去持此文告官卞正事<br /> <br /> 有司曹命達[署押]<br /> <br /> 門長曹[署押]<br /> <br /> 筆執喪人曹允百<br /> <br /> 幼學曹命夔[署押]<br /> <br /> <br /> ||<br /> (translation)<br /> <br /> III-4. 乾隆二十二日丁丑初四日幼學李乃蕃明文<br /> <br /> <br /> 乾隆二十二年丁丑四月初四日 幼學李乃內蕃前明文<br /> <br /> The bill of sale to Scholar Yi Naebeon on the 4th day of the 4th month of the 22nd year [1682] of Emperor Qianlong’s reign [1735-1796]. <br /> <br /> <br /> 右明文爲臥乎事段 吾矣祖先山所乙 移葬於他處爲計 故不得已 祭位爲在船橋羽字五十八田 三卜四束 十斗落只庫果 丁洞讚字 百十五畓 二卜七束 五斗落只庫乙 <br /> <br /> The purpose of this document is as follows: Since I move my ancestor’s burial sites to another place, I have to sell farm fields set apart for sacrificial purposes. They are the 58th field of the ''wu''&lt;ref&gt; ''Wu'' 羽 is the 71st character, which is used to refer to the location of the land.&lt;/ref&gt; land in Seon-gyo,&lt;ref&gt; Seon-gyo is located in modern Gangneung in Gangwon province.&lt;/ref&gt; producing three loads and four bundles of grain in ten ''durakji''&lt;ref&gt; Durakji 斗落只 or durak 斗落 (''majigi'' in vernacular Korean) is the amount of land on which one mal (18 liters) could be planted as seed. The size of land has varied in different regions. It is approximately 150-300 ''pyeong'' (495-990 square meters) for rice paddies and 100 ''pyeong'' (330 square meters) for dry fields. See James Palais, ''Confucian Statecraft and Korean Institutions'', (Seattle and London: University of Washington Press, 1996), 364.&lt;/ref&gt; and the 115th field of the ''chan''&lt;ref&gt; Chan 讚 is the 198th character, which is used to refer to the location of the land.&lt;/ref&gt; land in Jeongdong,&lt;ref&gt; Jeongdong is located in modern Gangneung in Gangwon province.&lt;/ref&gt; producing two loads and seven bundles of grain in five ''durakji''. <br /> <br /> <br /> 折價錢文二十五兩 依數捧上爲遣 今年爲始永永放賣爲去乎<br /> <br /> 25 ''nyang'' of coin is agreed on as the set price. I accept the amount. From this year the property is sold in perpetuity. <br /> <br /> <br /> 本文記兩庫段 他田民幷付乙仍于不得許給 而幸日後良中 吾矣門人中 如有雜談是去 持此文告官卞正事 <br /> <br /> [However,] the original document [of property distribution] is not allowed to be attached because the record of other lands and slaves is also included in it together with the two places mentioned in this document. By any chance, should there be a dispute at a later date among my family, take this document and report to the authorities for justice in this matter.<br /> <br /> <br /> 門長曹 [署押]<br /> <br /> The Elder of the Jo family [Signature] <br /> <br /> <br /> 有司曹命達 [署押]<br /> <br /> Person in Charge: Jo Myeongdal [Signature] <br /> <br /> <br /> 筆執喪人曹允百<br /> <br /> Scribe: Mourner Jo Yunbaek&lt;ref&gt; Since it was customary that people should not be involved in commercial transactions during the period of mourning, he did not write his signature.&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> <br /> 幼學曹命夔[署押]<br /> <br /> Scholar Jo Myeong-gi [Signature]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> =='''Discussion Questions'''==<br /> #<br /> #<br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Further Readings'''==<br /> &lt;!--<br /> &lt;div style=&quot;color:#008080;&quot;&gt;<br /> * View together with '''~~'''.<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> --&gt;<br /> *<br /> *<br /> <br /> <br /> =='''References'''==<br /> &lt;references/&gt;<br /> <br /> =='''Translation'''==<br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> *Discussion Questions:<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:2018 Hanmun Summer Workshop]]<br /> [[Category:Advanced Translation Group]]</div>

Sanghoon Na http://dh.aks.ac.kr/jsg/index.php?title=(Translation)_%E4%B9%BE%E9%9A%86%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E5%B9%B4%E4%B8%81%E4%B8%91%E5%9B%9B%E6%9C%88%E5%88%9D%E5%9B%9B%E6%97%A5_%E5%B9%BC%E5%AD%B8_%E6%9D%8E%E4%B9%83%E8%95%83_%E6%98%8E%E6%96%87&diff=15643 2018-08-25T07:53:24Z

<p>Sanghoon Na: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Primary Source Document3<br /> |Image = 1757이내번명문.jpg<br /> |English = Deed to Scholar Yi Naebeon on the 4th day of the 4th month in 1682<br /> |Chinese = 乾隆二十二年丁丑四月初四日 幼學 李乃蕃 明文<br /> |Korean = 건륭이십이년정축사월초사일 유학 이내번 명문(''Geollyungisibinyeonjeongchuksawolchosail Yuhang Inaebeon Myeongmun'')<br /> |Genre = [[Historical Manuscripts]]<br /> |Type = Record<br /> |Author = 李乃蕃 <br /> |Year = 1757<br /> |Key Concepts= fields set apart for sacrificial purposes, Seongyo, tenant’s property, dispute<br /> |Translator = [[2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced)#Participants | Participants of 2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced Translation Group)]]<br /> |Editor = Sanghoon Na<br /> |Translation Year = 2018<br /> <br /> }}<br /> [[File:Backward.png|right|40px|link=2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced)#Primary Sources for Korean Studies]]<br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Introduction'''==<br /> <br /> =='''Original Script'''==<br /> <br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;width:80%; font-size:110%; color:#002080; background-color:#ffffff;&quot;<br /> !style=&quot;width:40%;&quot;|Classical Chinese || style=&quot;width:60%;&quot;| English <br /> |-<br /> |<br /> 乾隆二十二年丁丑四月初四日幼學李乃內蕃前明文<br /> <br /> 右明文爲臥乎事段吾矣祖先山所乙移葬於他處<br /> <br /> 爲計故不得已祭位爲在船橋羽字五十八田三卜四束<br /> <br /> 十斗落只庫果丁洞讚字百十五畓二卜七束五斗落只<br /> <br /> 庫乙折價錢文二十五兩依數捧上爲遣今年爲<br /> <br /> 始永永放賣爲去乎本文記兩庫段他田民幷付乙仍<br /> <br /> 于不得許給而幸日後良中吾矣門人中如有雜<br /> <br /> 談是去持此文告官卞正事<br /> <br /> 有司曹命達[署押]<br /> <br /> 門長曹[署押]<br /> <br /> 筆執喪人曹允百<br /> <br /> 幼學曹命夔[署押]<br /> <br /> <br /> ||<br /> (translation)<br /> <br /> III-4. 乾隆二十二日丁丑初四日幼學李乃蕃明文<br /> <br /> <br /> 乾隆二十二年丁丑四月初四日 幼學李乃內蕃前明文<br /> <br /> The bill of sale to Scholar Yi Naebeon on the 4th day of the 4th month of the 22nd year [1682] of Emperor Qianlong’s reign [1735-1796]. <br /> <br /> <br /> 右明文爲臥乎事段 吾矣祖先山所乙 移葬於他處爲計 故不得已 祭位爲在船橋羽字五十八田 三卜四束 十斗落只庫果 丁洞讚字 百十五畓 二卜七束 五斗落只庫乙 <br /> <br /> The purpose of this document is as follows: Since I move my ancestor’s burial sites to another place, I have to sell farm fields set apart for sacrificial purposes. They are the 58th field of the ''wu''&lt;ref&gt; ''Wu'' 羽 is the 71st character, which is used to refer to the location of the land.&lt;/ref&gt; land in Seon-gyo,&lt;ref&gt; Seon-gyo is located in modern Gangneung in Gangwon province.&lt;/ref&gt; producing three loads and four bundles of grain in ten ''durakji''&lt;ref&gt; Durakji 斗落只 or durak 斗落 (''majigi'' in vernacular Korean) is the amount of land on which one mal (18 liters) could be planted as seed. The size of land has varied in different regions. It is approximately 150-300 ''pyeong'' (495-990 square meters) for rice paddies and 100 ''pyeong'' (330 square meters) for dry fields. See James Palais, Confucian Statecraft and Korean Institutions, (Seattle and London: University of Washington Press, 1996), 364.&lt;/ref&gt; and the 115th field of the ''chan''&lt;ref&gt; Chan 讚 is the 198th character, which is used to refer to the location of the land.&lt;/ref&gt; land in Jeongdong,&lt;ref&gt; Jeongdong is located in modern Gangneung in Gangwon province.&lt;/ref&gt; producing two loads and seven bundles of grain in five ''durakji''. <br /> <br /> <br /> 折價錢文二十五兩 依數捧上爲遣 今年爲始永永放賣爲去乎<br /> <br /> 25 ''nyang'' of coin is agreed on as the set price. I accept the amount. From this year the property is sold in perpetuity. <br /> <br /> <br /> 本文記兩庫段 他田民幷付乙仍于不得許給 而幸日後良中 吾矣門人中 如有雜談是去 持此文告官卞正事 <br /> <br /> [However,] the original document [of property distribution] is not allowed to be attached because the record of other lands and slaves is also included in it together with the two places mentioned in this document. By any chance, should there be a dispute at a later date among my family, take this document and report to the authorities for justice in this matter.<br /> <br /> <br /> 門長曹 [署押]<br /> <br /> The Elder of the Jo family [Signature] <br /> <br /> <br /> 有司曹命達 [署押]<br /> <br /> Person in Charge: Jo Myeongdal [Signature] <br /> <br /> <br /> 筆執喪人曹允百<br /> <br /> Scribe: Mourner Jo Yunbaek&lt;ref&gt; Since it was customary that people should not be involved in commercial transactions during the period of mourning, he did not write his signature.&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> <br /> 幼學曹命夔[署押]<br /> <br /> Scholar Jo Myeong-gi [Signature]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> =='''Discussion Questions'''==<br /> #<br /> #<br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Further Readings'''==<br /> &lt;!--<br /> &lt;div style=&quot;color:#008080;&quot;&gt;<br /> * View together with '''~~'''.<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> --&gt;<br /> *<br /> *<br /> <br /> <br /> =='''References'''==<br /> &lt;references/&gt;<br /> <br /> =='''Translation'''==<br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> *Discussion Questions:<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:2018 Hanmun Summer Workshop]]<br /> [[Category:Advanced Translation Group]]</div>

Sanghoon Na http://dh.aks.ac.kr/jsg/index.php?title=(Translation)_%E4%B9%BE%E9%9A%86%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%80%E5%B9%B4%E6%AD%A3%E6%9C%88%E6%97%A5_%E6%9D%8E%E4%B9%83%E8%95%83_%E6%88%B6%E5%8F%A3%E5%96%AE%E5%AD%90&diff=15642 2018-08-25T07:39:37Z

<p>Sanghoon Na: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Primary Source Document3<br /> |Image = 1756이내번호구단자.jpg<br /> |English = A Household Register of Kangnŭng prefect.<br /> |Chinese = 乾隆二十一年正月日 李乃蕃 戶口單子<br /> |Korean = 건륭이십일년정월일 이내번 호구단자(''Geollyungisibillyeonjeongworil Inaebeon Hogudanja'')<br /> |Genre = [[Historical Manuscripts]]<br /> |Type =<br /> |Author = 李乃蕃 <br /> |Year = 1756<br /> |Key Concepts= Household register, government, slaves<br /> |Translator = [[2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced)#Participants | Participants of 2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced Translation Group)]]<br /> |Editor = Inho Choi, Sanghoon Na<br /> |Translation Year = 2018<br /> <br /> }}<br /> [[File:Backward.png|right|40px|link=2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced)#Primary Sources for Korean Studies]]<br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Introduction'''==<br /> <br /> =='''Original Script'''==<br /> <br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;width:80%; font-size:110%; color:#002080; background-color:#ffffff;&quot;<br /> !style=&quot;width:40%;&quot;|Classical Chinese || style=&quot;width:60%;&quot;| English <br /> |-<br /> |<br /> 乾隆二十一年正月日 江陵府戶口<br /> <br /> 府北嘉南鏡湖里第一統統首林千相統內<br /> <br /> 第二戶幼學李內蕃年六十四癸酉本完山<br /> <br /> 父學生 冑華<br /> <br /> 祖通訓大夫行典司別坐 光湖<br /> <br /> 曾祖嘉善大夫行吏曹參判兼春秋館事完溪君 惺<br /> <br /> 外祖學生權始興本安東<br /> <br /> 妻元氏㱓六十一丙子籍原州<br /> <br /> 父學生 治大<br /> <br /> 祖學生 承賢<br /> <br /> 曾祖通訓大夫行結城縣監 徽<br /> <br /> 外祖 學生李士一本洪州<br /> <br /> &lt;奴婢秩&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;仰役&lt;/span&gt;奴丁山年四十丁酉買得奴五生年四十三甲午故母私婢莫礼買得<br /> <br /> 婢占德年三十丁未母私婢惡礼買得婢金礼年四十六辛卯同婢一所<br /> <br /> 生婢丁今年二十九戊申二所生婢丁毋年十三甲子三所生奴莫<br /> <br /> 男年八己巳買得婢允功年四十三甲午故癸酉戶口相準<br /> <br /> &lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;率&lt;/span&gt;婢夫七宗年六十八甲子<br /> <br /> 准<br /> <br /> 大都護府使[官押]<br /> <br /> <br /> ||<br /> <br /> III-3. 乾隆二十一年正月日 李乃蕃 戶口單子<br /> <br /> <br /> 乾隆二十一年正月日 江陵府戶口<br /> <br /> The household register of Gangneung Special City on a certain day of the first month of the 21st year [1756] of Emperor Qianlong’s reign is as follows: <br /> <br /> <br /> 府北嘉南鏡湖里 第一統 統首林千相 統內第二戶 幼學李內蕃 年六十四 癸酉 本完山 父學生 冑華 祖通訓大夫 行典司別坐 光湖 曾祖嘉善大夫 行吏曹參判兼春秋館事完溪君 惺 外祖學生權始興本安東<br /> <br /> Im Cheonsang, the village headman, is charge of the first ''tong''&lt;ref&gt; ''Tong'' (five-family group) is a smallest local administrative unit. Five ''tong'' makes one ''ri''. Several ''ri'' makes one myeon (township).&lt;/ref&gt; in Gyeongho-ri, Ganam [-myeon] north of the city. In the second household of the [first] ''tong'' lives Scholar Yi Naebeon, aged 64 and born in the year ''gyeyu'', whose ancestral home is Wansan.&lt;ref&gt; Wansan is the present-day Jeonju in North Jeolla province.&lt;/ref&gt; His father is the late scholar [Yi] Juhwa. His grandfather is [Yi] Gwangho (n.d.), ''tonghundaebu'' [senior third rank] and acting&lt;ref&gt; Acting is a translation of ''haeng'' 行. When a person was given a position lower than his rank, the prefix 行 was added to the title. When a person was given a position higher than his rank, the prefix ''su'' 守 was added to the title.&lt;/ref&gt; assistant proctor at the office of ceremonial tent installment. His great-grandfather is [Yi] Seong (1562-1624), ''gaseondaebu'' [junior second rank] and acting vice-minister of personnel and concurrent deputy director of the bureau of state records, and duke of Wan-gye. His maternal grandfather is the late scholar Gwon Siheung, whose ancestral home is Andong.<br /> <br /> <br /> 妻元氏㱓六十一丙子籍原州 父學生 治大 祖學生 承賢 曾祖通訓大夫行結城縣監 徽 外祖 學生李士一本洪州<br /> <br /> His wife is Lady Won, aged 61 and born in the year ''byeongja'' [1696], whose ancestral home is Wonju. Her father is the late scholar [Won] Chidae. Her grandfather is the late scholar [Won] Seung-hyeon. Her great-grandfather is [Won] Hwi, ''tonghundaebu'' [senior third rank] and acting magistrate of Gyeolseong&lt;ref&gt; Gyeolseong 結城 is located in the present-day Hongseong 洪城 in South Chungcheong province.&lt;/ref&gt; prefecture. Her maternal grandfather is the late Yi Sa-il, whose ancestral home is Hongju.&lt;ref&gt; Hongju 洪州 is the present-day Hongseong in South Chungcheong province.&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> <br /> [奴婢秩] 仰役奴丁山 年四十丁酉 買得奴五生 年四十三甲午 故母私婢莫礼 買得婢占德 年三十丁未 母私婢惡礼 買得婢金礼年四十六辛卯 同婢一所生婢丁今 年二十九戊申 二所生婢丁毋年十三甲子 三所生奴莫男年八己巳 買得婢允功年四十三甲午 <br /> <br /> [The Slave List] Corvee laborers: male slave Jeongsan, aged 40 and born in the year ''jeong’yu'' [1717]. Purchased male slave Osaeng, aged 43 and born in the year ''gabo'' [1714], whose late mother is Makrye, a private female slave. Purchased female slave Jeomdeok, aged 30 and born in the year ''jeongmi'' [1727], whose mother is Akrye, a private female slave. Purchased female slave Geumrye, aged 46 and born in the year ''sinyu'' [1711], whose children are as follows: the first-born female slave Jeonggeum, aged 29 and born in the year ''musin'' [1728], the second-born female slave Jeongmu, aged 13 and born in ''gapja'' [1744], and third-born male slave Maknam, aged 8 and born in the year ''gisa'' [1749]. Purchased female slave Yungong, aged 43 and born in the year ''gabo'' [1727]. <br /> <br /> <br /> 故癸酉戶口相準<br /> <br /> Recorded in accordance with the old household register of the year ''gyeyu'' [1723]. <br /> <br /> <br /> 率婢夫七宗年六十八甲子<br /> <br /> Household female slave Buchiljong, aged 68 and born in the year ''gapja'' [1684].&lt;ref&gt; An alternate translation is that “Household female slave’s husband is Chiljong, aged 68 and born in the year ''gapja'' [1684].” This is additional registration information which is not found in the old household register of the year ''gyeyu'' [1723].&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> <br /> 准<br /> <br /> Ratified<br /> <br /> <br /> 大都護府使 [官押]<br /> <br /> The Magistrate of the Special City [Government Signature]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> =='''Discussion Questions'''==<br /> #How was this register made? Was it done by the voluntary work of the households, the result of the government survey over the local society or both? Is there any punishment if one fails to submit this register to the government?<br /> #Why does a government register of a household needs to include ancestors who were long-dead with even his titles and offices? <br /> #Also, is it a common practice to include an ancestral hometown in government household registers in other countries, too? What is it like in other East Asian countries and even European countries? Is it a unique phenomenon in Chosŏn.<br /> #We can read this document together with other old documents that show the government intervention in the private exchanges. Do these documents show the increase in the infrastructural power of the Chosŏn state, i.e. the ability to provide socioeconomic infrastructures such as public transportation and statistics? In other words, how was this register used and by whom?<br /> <br /> =='''Further Readings'''==<br /> &lt;!--<br /> &lt;div style=&quot;color:#008080;&quot;&gt;<br /> * View together with '''~~'''.<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> --&gt;<br /> *Mann, Michael. 1984. The Autonomous Power of the State: Its Origins, Mechanisms and Results. ''European Journal of Sociology'', 25(2), 185-213; Also, Mann, Michael. 2008. Infrastructural Power Revisited. ''Studies in Comparative International Development'', 43(3-4), 355-35.<br /> *문현주. 2011. 조선후기 호구단자(戶口單子)와 준호구(準戶口)의 작성과정 연구: 경주부(慶州府)의 호구단자와 준호구를 중심으로. 고문서연구. 제 38권.<br /> <br /> =='''References'''==<br /> &lt;references/&gt;<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:2018 Hanmun Summer Workshop]]<br /> [[Category:Advanced Translation Group]]</div>

Sanghoon Na http://dh.aks.ac.kr/jsg/index.php?title=(Translation)_%E4%B9%BE%E9%9A%86%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%80%E5%B9%B4%E6%AD%A3%E6%9C%88%E6%97%A5_%E6%9D%8E%E4%B9%83%E8%95%83_%E6%88%B6%E5%8F%A3%E5%96%AE%E5%AD%90&diff=15641 2018-08-25T07:36:07Z

<p>Sanghoon Na: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Primary Source Document3<br /> |Image = 1756이내번호구단자.jpg<br /> |English = A Household Register of Kangnŭng prefect.<br /> |Chinese = 乾隆二十一年正月日 李乃蕃 戶口單子<br /> |Korean = 건륭이십일년정월일 이내번 호구단자(''Geollyungisibillyeonjeongworil Inaebeon Hogudanja'')<br /> |Genre = [[Historical Manuscripts]]<br /> |Type =<br /> |Author = 李乃蕃 <br /> |Year = 1756<br /> |Key Concepts= Household register, government, slaves<br /> |Translator = [[2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced)#Participants | Participants of 2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced Translation Group)]]<br /> |Editor = Inho Choi, Sanghoon Na<br /> |Translation Year = 2018<br /> <br /> }}<br /> [[File:Backward.png|right|40px|link=2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced)#Primary Sources for Korean Studies]]<br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Introduction'''==<br /> <br /> =='''Original Script'''==<br /> <br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;width:80%; font-size:110%; color:#002080; background-color:#ffffff;&quot;<br /> !style=&quot;width:40%;&quot;|Classical Chinese || style=&quot;width:60%;&quot;| English <br /> |-<br /> |<br /> 乾隆二十一年正月日 江陵府戶口<br /> <br /> 府北嘉南鏡湖里第一統統首林千相統內<br /> <br /> 第二戶幼學李內蕃年六十四癸酉本完山<br /> <br /> 父學生 冑華<br /> <br /> 祖通訓大夫行典司別坐 光湖<br /> <br /> 曾祖嘉善大夫行吏曹參判兼春秋館事完溪君 惺<br /> <br /> 外祖學生權始興本安東<br /> <br /> 妻元氏㱓六十一丙子籍原州<br /> <br /> 父學生 治大<br /> <br /> 祖學生 承賢<br /> <br /> 曾祖通訓大夫行結城縣監 徽<br /> <br /> 外祖 學生李士一本洪州<br /> <br /> &lt;奴婢秩&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;仰役&lt;/span&gt;奴丁山年四十丁酉買得奴五生年四十三甲午故母私婢莫礼買得<br /> <br /> 婢占德年三十丁未母私婢惡礼買得婢金礼年四十六辛卯同婢一所<br /> <br /> 生婢丁今年二十九戊申二所生婢丁毋年十三甲子三所生奴莫<br /> <br /> 男年八己巳買得婢允功年四十三甲午故癸酉戶口相準<br /> <br /> &lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;率&lt;/span&gt;婢夫七宗年六十八甲子<br /> <br /> 准<br /> <br /> 大都護府使[官押]<br /> <br /> <br /> ||<br /> <br /> III-3. 乾隆二十一年正月日 李乃蕃 戶口單子<br /> <br /> <br /> 乾隆二十一年正月日 江陵府戶口<br /> <br /> The household register of Gangneung Special City on a certain day of the first month of the 21st year [1756] of Emperor Qianlong’s reign is as follows: <br /> <br /> <br /> 府北嘉南鏡湖里 第一統 統首林千相 統內第二戶 幼學李內蕃 年六十四 癸酉 本完山 父學生 冑華 祖通訓大夫 行典司別坐 光湖 曾祖嘉善大夫 行吏曹參判兼春秋館事完溪君 惺 外祖學生權始興本安東<br /> <br /> Im Cheonsang, the village headman, is charge of the first ''tong''&lt;ref&gt; ''Tong'' (five-family group) is a smallest local administrative unit. Five ''tong'' makes one ''ri''. Several ''ri'' makes one myeon (township).&lt;/ref&gt; in Gyeongho-ri, Ganam [-myeon] north of the city. In the second household of the [first] ''tong'' lives Scholar Yi Naebeon, aged 64 and born in the year ''gyeyu'', whose ancestral home is Wansan.&lt;ref&gt; Wansan is the present-day Jeonju in North Jeolla province.&lt;/ref&gt; His father is the late scholar [Yi] Juhwa. His grandfather is [Yi] Gwangho (n.d.), ''tonghundaebu'' [senior third rank] and acting&lt;ref&gt; Acting is a translation of ''haeng'' 行. When a person was given a position lower than his rank, the prefix 行 was added to the title. When a person was given a position higher than his rank, the prefix ''su'' 守 was added to the title.&lt;/ref&gt; assistant proctor at the office of ceremonial tent installment. His great-grandfather is [Yi] Seong (1562-1624), ''gaseondaebu'' [junior second rank] and acting vice-minister of personnel and concurrent deputy director of the bureau of state records, and duke of Wan-gye. His maternal grandfather is the late scholar Gwon Siheung, whose ancestral home is Andong.<br /> <br /> <br /> 妻元氏㱓六十一丙子籍原州 父學生 治大 祖學生 承賢 曾祖通訓大夫行結城縣監 徽 外祖 學生李士一本洪州<br /> <br /> His wife is Lady Won, aged 61 and born in the year ''byeongja'' [1696], whose ancestral home is Wonju. Her father is the late scholar [Won] Chidae. Her grandfather is the late scholar [Won] Seung-hyeon. Her great-grandfather is [Won] Hwi, ''tonghundaebu'' [senior third rank] and acting magistrate of Gyeolseong&lt;ref&gt; Gyeolseong 結城 is located in the present-day Hongseong 洪城 in South Chungcheong province.&lt;/ref&gt; prefecture. Her maternal grandfather is the late Yi Sa-il, whose ancestral home is Hongju.&lt;ref&gt; Hongju 洪州 is the present-day Hongseong in South Chungcheong province.&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> <br /> [奴婢秩] 仰役奴丁山 年四十丁酉 買得奴五生 年四十三甲午 故母私婢莫礼 買得婢占德 年三十丁未 母私婢惡礼 買得婢金礼年四十六辛卯 同婢一所生婢丁今 年二十九戊申 二所生婢丁毋年十三甲子 三所生奴莫男年八己巳 買得婢允功年四十三甲午 <br /> <br /> [The Slave List] Corvee laborers: male slave Jeongsan, aged 40 and born in the year ''jeong’yu'' [1717]. Purchased male slave Osaeng, aged 43 and born in the year ''gabo'' [1714], whose late mother is Makrye, a private female slave. Purchased female slave Jeomdeok, aged 30 and born in the year ''jeongmi'' [1727], whose mother is Akrye, a private female slave. Purchased female slave Geumrye, aged 46 and born in the year ''sinyu'' [1711], whose children are as follows: the first-born female slave Jeonggeum, aged 29 and born in the year ''musin'' [1728], the second-born female slave Jeongmu, aged 13 and born in ''gapja'' [1744], and third-born male slave Maknam, aged 8 and born in the year ''gisa'' [1749]. Purchased female slave Yungong, aged 43 and born in the year ''gabo'' [1727]. <br /> <br /> <br /> 故癸酉戶口相準<br /> <br /> Recorded in accordance with the old household register of the year ''gyeyu'' [1723]. <br /> <br /> <br /> 率婢夫七宗年六十八甲子<br /> <br /> Household female slave Buchiljong, aged 68 and born in the year ''gapja'' [1684].&lt;ref&gt; An alternate translation is that “Household female slave’s husband is Chiljong, aged 68 and born in the year ''gapja'' [1684].” This is additional registration information which is not found in the old household register of the year ''gyeyu'' [1723].&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> <br /> 准<br /> <br /> Ratified<br /> <br /> <br /> 大都護府使 [官押]<br /> <br /> The Magistrate of the Special City [Government Signature]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> =='''Discussion Questions'''==<br /> #How was this register made? Was it done by the voluntary work of the households, the result of the government survey over the local society or both? Is there any punishment if one fails to submit this register to the government?<br /> #Why does a government register of a household needs to include ancestors who were long-dead with even his titles and offices? <br /> #Also, is it a common practice to include a ancestral hometown in government household registers in other countries, too? What is it like in other East Asian countries and even European countries? Is it a unique phenomenon in Chosŏn.<br /> #We can read this document together with other old documents that show the government intervention in the private exchanges. Do these document shows the increase in the infrastructural power of the Chosŏn state, i.e. the ability to provide socioeconomic infrastructure such as public transportation and statistics? In other words, how was this register used and by whom?<br /> <br /> =='''Further Readings'''==<br /> &lt;!--<br /> &lt;div style=&quot;color:#008080;&quot;&gt;<br /> * View together with '''~~'''.<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> --&gt;<br /> *Mann, Michael. 1984. The Autonomous Power of the State: Its Origins, Mechanisms and Results. ''European Journal of Sociology'', 25(2), 185-213; Also, Mann, Michael. 2008. Infrastructural Power Revisited. ''Studies in Comparative International Development'', 43(3-4), 355-35.<br /> *문현주. 2011. 조선후기 호구단자(戶口單子)와 준호구(準戶口)의 작성과정 연구: 경주부(慶州府)의 호구단자와 준호구를 중심으로. 고문서연구. 제 38권.<br /> <br /> =='''References'''==<br /> &lt;references/&gt;<br /> <br /> =='''Translation'''==<br /> <br /> ==='''(sample) : Jaeyoon Song'''===<br /> ----<br /> <br /> *Discussion Questions:<br /> <br /> <br /> ==='''Student 1 : (Write your name)'''===<br /> ----<br /> <br /> *Discussion Questions:<br /> <br /> <br /> ==='''Student 2 : (Write your name)'''===<br /> ----<br /> <br /> *Discussion Questions:<br /> <br /> <br /> ==='''Student 3 : (Write your name)'''===<br /> ----<br /> <br /> *Discussion Questions:<br /> <br /> <br /> ==='''Student 4 : (Write your name)'''===<br /> ----<br /> <br /> *Discussion Questions:<br /> <br /> <br /> ==='''Student 5 : Inho Choi'''===<br /> ----<br /> <br /> *Discussion Questions:<br /> <br /> ==='''Student 6 : (Write your name)'''===<br /> ----<br /> <br /> *Discussion Questions:<br /> <br /> <br /> ==='''Student 7 : (Write your name)'''===<br /> ----<br /> <br /> *Discussion Questions:<br /> <br /> <br /> ==='''Student 8 : (Write your name)'''===<br /> ----<br /> <br /> *Discussion Questions:<br /> <br /> <br /> ==='''Student 9 : (Write your name)'''===<br /> ----<br /> <br /> *Discussion Questions:<br /> <br /> <br /> ==='''Student 10 : (Write your name)'''===<br /> ----<br /> <br /> *Discussion Questions:<br /> <br /> <br /> ==='''Student 11 : (Write your name)'''===<br /> ----<br /> <br /> *Discussion Questions:<br /> <br /> <br /> ==='''Student 12 : (Write your name)'''===<br /> ----<br /> <br /> *Discussion Questions:<br /> <br /> <br /> ==='''Student 13 : (Write your name)'''===<br /> ----<br /> <br /> *Discussion Questions:<br /> <br /> <br /> ==='''Student 14 : (Write your name)'''===<br /> ----<br /> <br /> *Discussion Questions:<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:2018 Hanmun Summer Workshop]]<br /> [[Category:Advanced Translation Group]]</div>

Sanghoon Na http://dh.aks.ac.kr/jsg/index.php?title=(Translation)_%E4%B9%BE%E9%9A%86%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%80%E5%B9%B4%E6%AD%A3%E6%9C%88%E6%97%A5_%E6%9D%8E%E4%B9%83%E8%95%83_%E6%88%B6%E5%8F%A3%E5%96%AE%E5%AD%90&diff=15640 2018-08-25T07:32:36Z

<p>Sanghoon Na: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Primary Source Document3<br /> |Image = 1756이내번호구단자.jpg<br /> |English = A Household Register of Kangnŭng prefect.<br /> |Chinese = 乾隆二十一年正月日 李乃蕃 戶口單子<br /> |Korean = 건륭이십일년정월일 이내번 호구단자(''Geollyungisibillyeonjeongworil Inaebeon Hogudanja'')<br /> |Genre = [[Historical Manuscripts]]<br /> |Type =<br /> |Author = 李乃蕃 <br /> |Year = 1756<br /> |Key Concepts= Household register, government, slaves<br /> |Translator = [[2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced)#Participants | Participants of 2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced Translation Group)]]<br /> |Editor = Inho Choi, Sanghoon Na<br /> |Translation Year = 2018<br /> <br /> }}<br /> [[File:Backward.png|right|40px|link=2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced)#Primary Sources for Korean Studies]]<br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Introduction'''==<br /> <br /> =='''Original Script'''==<br /> <br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;width:80%; font-size:110%; color:#002080; background-color:#ffffff;&quot;<br /> !style=&quot;width:40%;&quot;|Classical Chinese || style=&quot;width:60%;&quot;| English <br /> |-<br /> |<br /> 乾隆二十一年正月日 江陵府戶口<br /> <br /> 府北嘉南鏡湖里第一統統首林千相統內<br /> <br /> 第二戶幼學李內蕃年六十四癸酉本完山<br /> <br /> 父學生 冑華<br /> <br /> 祖通訓大夫行典司別坐 光湖<br /> <br /> 曾祖嘉善大夫行吏曹參判兼春秋館事完溪君 惺<br /> <br /> 外祖學生權始興本安東<br /> <br /> 妻元氏㱓六十一丙子籍原州<br /> <br /> 父學生 治大<br /> <br /> 祖學生 承賢<br /> <br /> 曾祖通訓大夫行結城縣監 徽<br /> <br /> 外祖 學生李士一本洪州<br /> <br /> &lt;奴婢秩&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;仰役&lt;/span&gt;奴丁山年四十丁酉買得奴五生年四十三甲午故母私婢莫礼買得<br /> <br /> 婢占德年三十丁未母私婢惡礼買得婢金礼年四十六辛卯同婢一所<br /> <br /> 生婢丁今年二十九戊申二所生婢丁毋年十三甲子三所生奴莫<br /> <br /> 男年八己巳買得婢允功年四十三甲午故癸酉戶口相準<br /> <br /> &lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;率&lt;/span&gt;婢夫七宗年六十八甲子<br /> <br /> 准<br /> <br /> 大都護府使[官押]<br /> <br /> <br /> ||<br /> <br /> III-3. 乾隆二十一年正月日 李乃蕃 戶口單子<br /> <br /> <br /> 乾隆二十一年正月日 江陵府戶口<br /> <br /> The household register of Gangneung Special City on a certain day of the first month of the 21st year [1756] of Emperor Qianlong’s reign is as follows: <br /> <br /> <br /> 府北嘉南鏡湖里 第一統 統首林千相 統內第二戶 幼學李內蕃 年六十四 癸酉 本完山 父學生 冑華 祖通訓大夫 行典司別坐 光湖 曾祖嘉善大夫 行吏曹參判兼春秋館事完溪君 惺 外祖學生權始興本安東<br /> <br /> Im Cheonsang, the village headman, is charge of the first ''tong''&lt;ref&gt; Tong (five-family group) is a smallest local administrative unit. Five tong makes one ''ri''. Several ''ri'' makes one myeon (township).&lt;/ref&gt; in Gyeongho-ri, Ganam [-myeon] north of the city. In the second household of the [first] tong lives Scholar Yi Naebeon, aged 64 and born in the year ''gyeyu'', whose ancestral home is Wansan.&lt;ref&gt; Wansan is the present-day Jeonju in North Jeolla province.&lt;/ref&gt; His father is the late scholar [Yi] Juhwa. His grandfather is [Yi] Gwangho (n.d.), ''tonghundaebu'' [senior third rank] and acting&lt;ref&gt; Acting is a translation of haeng行. When a person was given a position lower than his rank, the prefix 行 was added to the title. When a person was given a position higher than his rank, the prefix su 守 was added to the title.&lt;/ref&gt; assistant proctor at the office of ceremonial tent installment. His great-grandfather is [Yi] Seong (1562-1624), ''gaseondaebu'' [junior second rank] and acting vice-minister of personnel and concurrent deputy director of the bureau of state records, and duke of Wan-gye. His maternal grandfather is the late scholar Gwon Siheung, whose ancestral home is Andong.<br /> <br /> <br /> 妻元氏㱓六十一丙子籍原州 父學生 治大 祖學生 承賢 曾祖通訓大夫行結城縣監 徽 外祖 學生李士一本洪州<br /> <br /> His wife is Lady Won, aged 61 and born in the year ''byeongja'' [1696], whose ancestral home is Wonju. Her father is the late scholar [Won] Chidae. Her grandfather is the late scholar [Won] Seung-hyeon. Her great-grandfather is [Won] Hwi, ''tonghundaebu'' [senior third rank] and acting magistrate of Gyeolseong&lt;ref&gt; Gyeolseong 結城 is located in the present-day Hongseong 洪城 in South Chungcheong province.&lt;/ref&gt; prefecture. Her maternal grandfather is the late Yi Sa-il, whose ancestral home is Hongju.&lt;ref&gt; Hongju 洪州 is the present-day Hongseong in South Chungcheong province.&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> <br /> [奴婢秩] 仰役奴丁山 年四十丁酉 買得奴五生 年四十三甲午 故母私婢莫礼 買得婢占德 年三十丁未 母私婢惡礼 買得婢金礼年四十六辛卯 同婢一所生婢丁今 年二十九戊申 二所生婢丁毋年十三甲子 三所生奴莫男年八己巳 買得婢允功年四十三甲午 <br /> <br /> [The Slave List] Corvee laborers: male slave Jeongsan, aged 40 and born in the year ''jeong’yu'' [1717]. Purchased male slave Osaeng, aged 43 and born in the year ''gabo'' [1714], whose late mother is Makrye, a private female slave. Purchased female slave Jeomdeok, aged 30 and born in the year ''jeongmi'' [1727], whose mother is Akrye, a private female slave. Purchased female slave Geumrye, aged 46 and born in the year ''sinyu'' [1711], whose children are as follows: the first-born female slave Jeonggeum, aged 29 and born in the year ''musin'' [1728], the second-born female slave Jeongmu, aged 13 and born in ''gapja'' [1744], and third-born male slave Maknam, aged 8 and born in the year ''gisa'' [1749]. Purchased female slave Yungong, aged 43 and born in the year ''gabo'' [1727]. <br /> <br /> <br /> 故癸酉戶口相準<br /> <br /> Recorded in accordance with the old household register of the year ''gyeyu'' [1723]. <br /> <br /> <br /> 率婢夫七宗年六十八甲子<br /> <br /> Household female slave Buchiljong, aged 68 and born in the year ''gapja'' [1684].&lt;ref&gt; An alternate translation is that “Household female slave’s husband is Chiljong, aged 68 and born in the year ''gapja'' [1684].” This is additional registration information which is not found in the old household register of the year ''gyeyu'' [1723].&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> <br /> 准<br /> <br /> Ratified<br /> <br /> <br /> 大都護府使 [官押]<br /> <br /> The Magistrate of the Special City [Government Signature]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> =='''Discussion Questions'''==<br /> #How was this register made? Was it done by the voluntary work of the households, the result of the government survey over the local society or both? Is there any punishment if one fails to submit this register to the government?<br /> #Why does a government register of a household needs to include ancestors who were long-dead with even his titles and offices? <br /> #Also, is it a common practice to include a ancestral hometown in government household registers in other countries, too? What is it like in other East Asian countries and even European countries? Is it a unique phenomenon in Chosŏn.<br /> #We can read this document together with other old documents that show the government intervention in the private exchanges. Do these document shows the increase in the infrastructural power of the Chosŏn state, i.e. the ability to provide socioeconomic infrastructure such as public transportation and statistics? In other words, how was this register used and by whom?<br /> <br /> =='''Further Readings'''==<br /> &lt;!--<br /> &lt;div style=&quot;color:#008080;&quot;&gt;<br /> * View together with '''~~'''.<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> --&gt;<br /> *Mann, Michael. 1984. The Autonomous Power of the State: Its Origins, Mechanisms and Results. ''European Journal of Sociology'', 25(2), 185-213; Also, Mann, Michael. 2008. Infrastructural Power Revisited. ''Studies in Comparative International Development'', 43(3-4), 355-35.<br /> *문현주. 2011. 조선후기 호구단자(戶口單子)와 준호구(準戶口)의 작성과정 연구: 경주부(慶州府)의 호구단자와 준호구를 중심으로. 고문서연구. 제 38권.<br /> <br /> =='''References'''==<br /> &lt;references/&gt;<br /> <br /> =='''Translation'''==<br /> <br /> ==='''(sample) : Jaeyoon Song'''===<br /> ----<br /> <br /> *Discussion Questions:<br /> <br /> <br /> ==='''Student 1 : (Write your name)'''===<br /> ----<br /> <br /> *Discussion Questions:<br /> <br /> <br /> ==='''Student 2 : (Write your name)'''===<br /> ----<br /> <br /> *Discussion Questions:<br /> <br /> <br /> ==='''Student 3 : (Write your name)'''===<br /> ----<br /> <br /> *Discussion Questions:<br /> <br /> <br /> ==='''Student 4 : (Write your name)'''===<br /> ----<br /> <br /> *Discussion Questions:<br /> <br /> <br /> ==='''Student 5 : Inho Choi'''===<br /> ----<br /> <br /> *Discussion Questions:<br /> <br /> ==='''Student 6 : (Write your name)'''===<br /> ----<br /> <br /> *Discussion Questions:<br /> <br /> <br /> ==='''Student 7 : (Write your name)'''===<br /> ----<br /> <br /> *Discussion Questions:<br /> <br /> <br /> ==='''Student 8 : (Write your name)'''===<br /> ----<br /> <br /> *Discussion Questions:<br /> <br /> <br /> ==='''Student 9 : (Write your name)'''===<br /> ----<br /> <br /> *Discussion Questions:<br /> <br /> <br /> ==='''Student 10 : (Write your name)'''===<br /> ----<br /> <br /> *Discussion Questions:<br /> <br /> <br /> ==='''Student 11 : (Write your name)'''===<br /> ----<br /> <br /> *Discussion Questions:<br /> <br /> <br /> ==='''Student 12 : (Write your name)'''===<br /> ----<br /> <br /> *Discussion Questions:<br /> <br /> <br /> ==='''Student 13 : (Write your name)'''===<br /> ----<br /> <br /> *Discussion Questions:<br /> <br /> <br /> ==='''Student 14 : (Write your name)'''===<br /> ----<br /> <br /> *Discussion Questions:<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:2018 Hanmun Summer Workshop]]<br /> [[Category:Advanced Translation Group]]</div>

Sanghoon Na http://dh.aks.ac.kr/jsg/index.php?title=(Translation)_%E4%B9%BE%E9%9A%86%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%94%E5%B9%B4%E5%BA%9A%E5%8D%88%E5%9B%9B%E6%9C%88%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%94%E6%97%A5_%E6%9D%8E%E5%A5%B4_%E4%B8%81%E5%B1%B1_%E6%98%8E%E6%96%87&diff=15639 2018-08-25T07:05:23Z

<p>Sanghoon Na: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Primary Source Document3<br /> |Image = 1750이노정산명문.jpg<br /> |English = Bill of Sale to Jeongsan, a slave of Yi [Naebeon], on the 15th day of the 4th month in 1750 <br /> |Chinese = 乾隆十五年庚午四月十五日 李奴 丁山 明文<br /> |Korean = 건륭십오년 경오 사월십오일 이노 정산 명문(''Geollyungsibonyeon gyeongo sawol siboil Ino Jeongsan Myeongmun'')<br /> |Genre = [[Historical Manuscripts]]<br /> |Type = Record<br /> |Author = Slave Yi Subong in Gangneung 江陵 奴 李守鳳<br /> |Year = 1750<br /> |Key Concepts= bill of sale, slave, women's inherited property <br /> |Translator = [[2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced)#Participants | Participants of 2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced Translation Group)]]<br /> |Editor = Sanghoon Na<br /> |Translation Year = 2018<br /> <br /> }}<br /> [[File:Backward.png|right|40px|link=2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced)#Primary Sources for Korean Studies]]<br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Introduction'''==<br /> <br /> =='''Original Script'''==<br /> <br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;width:80%; font-size:110%; color:#002080; background-color:#ffffff;&quot;<br /> !style=&quot;width:40%;&quot;|Classical Chinese || style=&quot;width:60%;&quot;| English <br /> |-<br /> |<br /> 乾隆十五年庚午四月十五日李奴丁山前茂火明文<br /> <br /> 右明文爲臥乎事叱段吾矣 上典宅居在利川爲有爲乎爲 此亂歲切迫要用所致以妻邊衿<br /> <br /> 得爲有在江陵香湖伏在畓浦坪員豈字百六十四畓七卜一束 百九十二畓七卜三束古馬谷養字六十三畓<br /> 三卜<br /> <br /> 山幕員慕字五十二畓八卜二束<br /> <br /> 檢勿里員傷字百三十二畓八卜九束 果豈字四十田三卜四束四十一田一卜二束四十四田<br /> <br /> 一卜九束僉畓伍石田一石十斗落只庫乙 上典主 牌子導良放賣 爲有矣折價錢文一百三十兩相約<br /> <br /> 依數捧上爲遣右人 上典前永永放賣爲乎矣本文記段 上典宅他田民幷付乙仍于不得許給<br /> <br /> 爲有今年爲始鎭長耕食爲遣幸日後良或有 上典主子孫族類雜談隅是去乙<br /> <br /> 等持此文牌子告 官卞正印<br /> <br /> 田畓主江陵奴李守鳳[手寸]<br /> <br /> 證人 私奴金參孫[署押]<br /> <br /> 筆執 幼學 金廷徽[署押]<br /> <br /> ||<br /> (translation)<br /> <br /> III-2. 乾隆十五年庚午四月十五日 李奴丁山前茂火明文<br /> <br /> The bill of sale&lt;ref&gt; A bill of sale (''myeongmun'' 明文) was given to a buyer when a deal was concluded between two individuals privately before having a government’s warrant.&lt;/ref&gt; for Jeongsan, slave of Yi [Naebeon],&lt;ref&gt; Slave Jeongsan is carrying out this business for his master Yi Naebeon (1703-1781). The ''yangban'' literati considered it inappropriate to be involved in business transactions themselves during the Joseon period.&lt;/ref&gt; on the 15th day of the 4th month of the 15th year [1750] of Emperor Qianlong’s reign [1735-1796]<br /> <br /> <br /> 右明文爲臥乎事叱段 <br /> <br /> The purpose of the present bill of sale is as follows:&lt;ref&gt; The literal translation of this sentence would be “The bill of sale mentioned on the right is as follows.” There are two explanations on the usage of ''wu'' 右 (“right”): one is that it refers to the word “bill of sale” 明文 written vertically on the right side. The other is that it suggests the document placed in a ruler’s right side which he was supposed to deal with first. Thus, wu 右 means the present document, which is based on ''A Clear Distinction of Styles'' (''Wenti mingbian'' 文體明辨). See Kim Seong-gap, “Joseonsidae myeongmun e gwanhan munseohakjeok yeon-gu 朝鮮時代 明文에 관한 文書學的 硏究,” (Ph.D. Diss., The Graduate School of Korean Studies, 2009), 66-7.&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> <br /> 吾矣上典宅 居在利川 爲有如乎 如此亂歲切迫 要用所致以 妻邊衿得爲有 在江陵香湖伏在畓浦坪員 豈字百六十四畓 七卜一束 百九十二畓七卜三束 古馬谷養字六十三畓 三卜 [山幕員慕字五十二畓 八卜二束] 檢勿里員傷字百三十二畓八卜九束果 豈字四十田三卜四束 四十一田一卜二束 四十四田一卜九束 僉畓伍石 田一石 十斗落只庫乙 上典主牌子導良 放賣爲有矣<br /> <br /> My master [Mr. Song] lives in Icheon&lt;ref&gt; This is presumed to be Icheon in Gyeonggi province.&lt;/ref&gt; and the famine is so severe this year.&lt;ref&gt; This was a typical statement of contracts because it was forbidden for people to sell their inherited lands at their disposal in the Rank Land Law (''gwajeonbeop'' 科田法). However, in the sixth year of King Sejong’s reign, it was allowed in such urgent situations as providing for the funeral and burial of their parents, repaying their outstanding debts, or escaping from the grinding poverty. See ''Veritable Records of King Sejong'', Year 6 (1424), Month 3, Day 23, Entry 3. (available at http://esillok.history.go.kr/front/index.do). Thereafter, people usually started with plausible excuses when they wrote this kind of document.&lt;/ref&gt; Thus, out of sheer necessity, I&lt;ref&gt; This refers to Mr. Song’s male slave Yi Subong. He is carrying out this business on behalf of his master.&lt;/ref&gt; received a letter of authorization&lt;ref&gt; A letter of authorization (''baeja'' 牌子) was used to represent or act on another’s behalf in private affairs, business, or some other legal matter.&lt;/ref&gt; and sold his wife’s inherited property located at Lake Hyang in Gangneung: the 164th rice paddy of the ''gi''&lt;ref&gt;''Gi'' 豈 is the 157th character in the ''Qianzi wen'' 千字文 (''Thousand Character Classics''), which is used to refer to the location of the land.&lt;/ref&gt; land on Popyeong Plain, producing seven loads&lt;ref&gt; The character for “load” is ''bu'' 負 (“burden”) or ''bu'' 卜 (“Korean A-frame carrier”), which is the amount of crop yields that a man could carry on his back with the A-frame carrier. Korean land measurement for taxation also used a measure of productive capability (''gyeolbu'' 結負) expressed in surface area. See James B. Lewis, ''Frontier Contact Between Chosŏn Korea and Tokugawa Japan'' (London: RoutledegeCurzon, 2003), 30.&lt;/ref&gt; and a bundle&lt;ref&gt; The character for “bundle” is ''sok'' 束 (“bind”), which is the amount of rice plants. A handful of rice plants are called one pa 把 (“to grasp”). Ten handfuls (''pa'') of rice plants make one bundle (''sok'').&lt;/ref&gt; of grain; the 192nd rice paddy [of the ''gi'' land], producing seven loads and three bundles of grain; the 63rd rice paddy of the ''yang''&lt;ref&gt; ''Yang'' 養 is the 156th character in the ''Qianzi wen''.&lt;/ref&gt; land at Goma Valley, producing three loads of grain; [the 52nd rice paddy of the ''mo''&lt;ref&gt; ''Mo'' 慕 is the 162nd character.&lt;/ref&gt; land on Sanmak Plain]&lt;ref&gt; There is a circle drawn around this rice paddy in the original document, which meant to be deleted. It was not supposed to be sold.&lt;/ref&gt;; the 132nd rice paddy of the ''sang''&lt;ref&gt; ''Sang'' 傷 is the 160th character.&lt;/ref&gt; land on Geommulli Plain, producing eight loads and nine bundles of grain; the 40th farm field of the ''gi''&lt;ref&gt; ''Gi'' 豈 is the 157th character.&lt;/ref&gt; land, producing three loads and four bundles of grain; the 41st farm field [of the ''gi'' land], producing one load and two bundles of grain; the 44th farm field [of the ''gi'' land], producing one load and nine bundles of grain. In total, they are five ''seok''&lt;ref&gt; ''Seok'' 石 (''seom'' in vernacular Korean) refers to ''seomjigi'' 石落只, which is the amount of land on which one ''seom'' (180 liters) could be planted as seed. The size of land has varied at different regions. It is approximately 1500-3000 ''pyeong'' (4,950-9,900 square meters) for rice paddies and 1000 ''pyeong'' (3,300 square meters) for dry fields.&lt;/ref&gt; of rice paddy and one ''seok'' and ten ''durakji''&lt;ref&gt; ''Durakji'' 斗落只 or ''durak'' 斗落 (''majigi'' in vernacular Korean) is the amount of land on which one ''mal'' (18 liters) could be planted as seed. The size of land has varied in different regions. It is approximately 150-300 ''pyeong'' (495-990 square meters) for rice paddies and 100 ''pyeong'' (330 square meters) for dry fields. See James Palais, ''Confucian Statecraft and Korean Institutions'' (Seattle and London: University of Washington Press, 1996), 364.&lt;/ref&gt; of farm field. <br /> <br /> <br /> 折價錢文一百三十兩相約 依數捧上爲遣 右人上典前 永永放賣爲乎矣 本文記段 上典宅他田民幷付乙仍于 不得許給爲有 今年爲始鎭長耕食爲遣 幸日後良&lt;ref&gt; The character 中 is missed here. 良中, pronounced as ahi in ''idu'' reading, is a locative postposition, meaning “at.” The ''idu'' script is a writing system which uses Chinese graphs for the pronunciation and transcription of native Korean affixes, words, and sentences. This writing was used to clarify the meaning of legal documents written in literary Chinese. For further information, see Richard Rutt, “The Chinese Learning and Pleasures of a County Scholar,” Transactions of the Korea Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society 36, (April 1960): 16-21.&lt;/ref&gt; 或有上典主子孫族類 雜談隅是去乙等 持此文牌子告 官卞正印 <br /> <br /> 130 ''nyang'' of coin is agreed between us as a set price. I accept the amount and sell the property in perpetuity to [Jeongsan’s] master mentioned on the previous line. [However,] the original document&lt;ref&gt; This refers to the document of property distribution given to Mr. Song’s wife.&lt;/ref&gt; cannot be given because the record of my master’s other lands and slaves is also included in it. From this year on, you may cultivate crops for good. By any chance, should there be room for a dispute at a later date among my master’s children, take this document with the letter of authorization and report to the authorities for justice in this matter.<br /> <br /> <br /> 田畓主江陵奴李守鳳[手寸]<br /> <br /> The owner of the rice paddies and farm fields: Slave Yi Subong in Gangneung [Signature of Finger Joint]<br /> <br /> <br /> 證人 私奴金參孫[署押]<br /> <br /> Witness: Private Male Slave Kim Chamson [Signature]<br /> <br /> <br /> 筆執 幼學 金廷徽[署押]<br /> <br /> Scribe: Scholar&lt;ref&gt; The characters for a “scholar” are ''yuhak'' 幼學, which literally means a “young learner” who did not pass the civil service examination yet. JaHyun K. Haboush translates it into a “student scholar” (Haboush, ''The Confucian Kingship in Korea'', 90) and Eugene Y. Park renders it into a “degreeless scholar.” (Park, ''Between Dreams and Reality'', 41).&lt;/ref&gt; Kim Jeong-hwi [Signature]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> =='''Discussion Questions'''==<br /> #<br /> #<br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Further Readings'''==<br /> &lt;!--<br /> &lt;div style=&quot;color:#008080;&quot;&gt;<br /> * View together with '''~~'''.<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> --&gt;<br /> *<br /> *<br /> <br /> <br /> =='''References'''==<br /> &lt;references/&gt;<br /> <br /> =='''Translation'''==<br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> *Discussion Questions:<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:2018 Hanmun Summer Workshop]]<br /> [[Category:Advanced Translation Group]]</div>

Sanghoon Na http://dh.aks.ac.kr/jsg/index.php?title=(Translation)_%E4%B9%BE%E9%9A%86%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%94%E5%B9%B4%E5%BA%9A%E5%8D%88%E5%9B%9B%E6%9C%88%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%94%E6%97%A5_%E6%9D%8E%E5%A5%B4_%E4%B8%81%E5%B1%B1_%E6%98%8E%E6%96%87&diff=15638 2018-08-25T07:04:11Z

<p>Sanghoon Na: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Primary Source Document3<br /> |Image = 1750이노정산명문.jpg<br /> |English = Bill of Sale to Jeongsan, a slave of Yi [Naebeon], on the 15th day of the 4th month in 1750 <br /> |Chinese = 乾隆十五年庚午四月十五日 李奴 丁山 明文<br /> |Korean = 건륭십오년 경오 사월십오일 이노 정산 명문(''Geollyungsibonyeon gyeongo sawol siboil Ino Jeongsan Myeongmun'')<br /> |Genre = [[Historical Manuscripts]]<br /> |Type = Record<br /> |Author = Slave Yi Subong in Gangneung 江陵 奴 李守鳳<br /> |Year = 1750<br /> |Key Concepts= bill of sale, slave, women's inherited property <br /> |Translator = [[2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced)#Participants | Participants of 2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced Translation Group)]]<br /> |Editor = Sanghoon Na<br /> |Translation Year = 2018<br /> <br /> }}<br /> [[File:Backward.png|right|40px|link=2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced)#Primary Sources for Korean Studies]]<br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Introduction'''==<br /> <br /> =='''Original Script'''==<br /> <br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;width:80%; font-size:110%; color:#002080; background-color:#ffffff;&quot;<br /> !style=&quot;width:40%;&quot;|Classical Chinese || style=&quot;width:60%;&quot;| English <br /> |-<br /> |<br /> 乾隆十五年庚午四月十五日李奴丁山前茂火明文<br /> <br /> 右明文爲臥乎事叱段吾矣 上典宅居在利川爲有爲乎爲 此亂歲切迫要用所致以妻邊衿<br /> <br /> 得爲有在江陵香湖伏在畓浦坪員豈字百六十四畓七卜一束 百九十二畓七卜三束古馬谷養字六十三畓<br /> 三卜<br /> <br /> 山幕員慕字五十二畓八卜二束<br /> <br /> 檢勿里員傷字百三十二畓八卜九束 果豈字四十田三卜四束四十一田一卜二束四十四田<br /> <br /> 一卜九束僉畓伍石田一石十斗落只庫乙 上典主 牌子導良放賣 爲有矣折價錢文一百三十兩相約<br /> <br /> 依數捧上爲遣右人 上典前永永放賣爲乎矣本文記段 上典宅他田民幷付乙仍于不得許給<br /> <br /> 爲有今年爲始鎭長耕食爲遣幸日後良或有 上典主子孫族類雜談隅是去乙<br /> <br /> 等持此文牌子告 官卞正印<br /> <br /> 田畓主江陵奴李守鳳[手寸]<br /> <br /> 證人 私奴金參孫[署押]<br /> <br /> 筆執 幼學 金廷徽[署押]<br /> <br /> ||<br /> (translation)<br /> <br /> III-2. 乾隆十五年庚午四月十五日 李奴丁山前茂火明文<br /> <br /> The bill of sale&lt;ref&gt; A bill of sale (''myeongmun'' 明文) was given to a buyer when a deal was concluded between two individuals privately before having a government’s warrant.&lt;/ref&gt; for Jeongsan, slave of Yi [Naebeon],&lt;ref&gt; Slave Jeongsan is carrying out this business for his master Yi Naebeon (1703-1781). The ''yangban'' literati considered it inappropriate to be involved in business transactions themselves during the Joseon period.&lt;/ref&gt; on the 15th day of the 4th month of the 15th year [1750] of Emperor Qianlong’s reign [1735-1796]<br /> <br /> <br /> 右明文爲臥乎事叱段 <br /> <br /> The purpose of the present bill of sale is as follows:&lt;ref&gt; The literal translation of this sentence would be “The bill of sale mentioned on the right is as follows.” There are two explanations on the usage of ''wu'' 右 (“right”): one is that it refers to the word “bill of sale” 明文 written vertically on the right side. The other is that it suggests the document placed in a ruler’s right side which he was supposed to deal with first. Thus, wu 右 means the present document, which is based on ''A Clear Distinction of Styles'' (''Wenti mingbian'' 文體明辨). See Kim Seong-gap, “Joseonsidae myeongmun e gwanhan munseohakjeok yeon-gu 朝鮮時代 明文에 관한 文書學的 硏究,” (Ph.D. Diss., The Graduate School of Korean Studies, 2009), 66-7.&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> <br /> 吾矣上典宅 居在利川 爲有如乎 如此亂歲切迫 要用所致以 妻邊衿得爲有 在江陵香湖伏在畓浦坪員 豈字百六十四畓 七卜一束 百九十二畓七卜三束 古馬谷養字六十三畓 三卜 [山幕員慕字五十二畓 八卜二束] 檢勿里員傷字百三十二畓八卜九束果 豈字四十田三卜四束 四十一田一卜二束 四十四田一卜九束 僉畓伍石 田一石 十斗落只庫乙 上典主牌子導良 放賣爲有矣<br /> <br /> My master [Mr. Song] lives in Icheon&lt;ref&gt; This is presumed to be Icheon in Gyeonggi province.&lt;/ref&gt; and the famine is so severe this year.&lt;ref&gt; This was a typical statement of contracts because it was forbidden for people to sell their inherited lands at their disposal in the Rank Land Law (''gwajeonbeop'' 科田法). However, in the sixth year of King Sejong’s reign, it was allowed in such urgent situations as providing for the funeral and burial of their parents, repaying their outstanding debts, or escaping from the grinding poverty. See ''Veritable Records of King Sejong'', Year 6 (1424), Month 3, Day 23, Entry 3. (available at http://esillok.history.go.kr/front/index.do). Thereafter, people usually started with plausible excuses when they wrote this kind of document.&lt;/ref&gt; Thus, out of sheer necessity, I&lt;ref&gt; This refers to Mr. Song’s male slave Yi Subong. He is carrying out this business on behalf of his master.&lt;/ref&gt; received a letter of authorization&lt;ref&gt; A letter of authorization (''baeja'' 牌子) was used to represent or act on another’s behalf in private affairs, business, or some other legal matter.&lt;/ref&gt; and sold his wife’s inherited property located at Lake Hyang in Gangneung: the 164th rice paddy of the ''gi''&lt;ref&gt;''Gi'' 豈 is the 157th character in the ''Qianzi wen'' 千字文 (''Thousand Character Classics''), which is used to refer to the location of the land.&lt;/ref&gt; land on Popyeong Plain, producing seven loads&lt;ref&gt; The character for “load” is bu 負 (“burden”) or bu 卜 (“Korean A-frame carrier”), which is the amount of crop yields that a man could carry on his back with the A-frame carrier. Korean land measurement for taxation also used a measure of productive capability (''gyeolbu'' 結負) expressed in surface area. See James B. Lewis, ''Frontier Contact Between Chosŏn Korea and Tokugawa Japan'' (London: RoutledegeCurzon, 2003), 30.&lt;/ref&gt; and a bundle&lt;ref&gt; The character for “bundle” is ''sok'' 束 (“bind”), which is the amount of rice plants. A handful of rice plants are called one pa 把 (“to grasp”). Ten handfuls (''pa'') of rice plants make one bundle (''sok'').&lt;/ref&gt; of grain; the 192nd rice paddy [of the ''gi'' land], producing seven loads and three bundles of grain; the 63rd rice paddy of the ''yang''&lt;ref&gt; ''Yang'' 養 is the 156th character in the ''Qianzi wen''.&lt;/ref&gt; land at Goma Valley, producing three loads of grain; [the 52nd rice paddy of the ''mo''&lt;ref&gt; ''Mo'' 慕 is the 162nd character.&lt;/ref&gt; land on Sanmak Plain]&lt;ref&gt; There is a circle drawn around this rice paddy in the original document, which meant to be deleted. It was not supposed to be sold.&lt;/ref&gt;; the 132nd rice paddy of the ''sang''&lt;ref&gt; ''Sang'' 傷 is the 160th character.&lt;/ref&gt; land on Geommulli Plain, producing eight loads and nine bundles of grain; the 40th farm field of the ''gi''&lt;ref&gt; ''Gi'' 豈 is the 157th character.&lt;/ref&gt; land, producing three loads and four bundles of grain; the 41st farm field [of the ''gi'' land], producing one load and two bundles of grain; the 44th farm field [of the ''gi'' land], producing one load and nine bundles of grain. In total, they are five ''seok''&lt;ref&gt; ''Seok'' 石 (''seom'' in vernacular Korean) refers to ''seomjigi'' 石落只, which is the amount of land on which one ''seom'' (180 liters) could be planted as seed. The size of land has varied at different regions. It is approximately 1500-3000 ''pyeong'' (4,950-9,900 square meters) for rice paddies and 1000 ''pyeong'' (3,300 square meters) for dry fields.&lt;/ref&gt; of rice paddy and one ''seok'' and ten ''durakji''&lt;ref&gt; ''Durakji'' 斗落只 or ''durak'' 斗落 (''majigi'' in vernacular Korean) is the amount of land on which one ''mal'' (18 liters) could be planted as seed. The size of land has varied in different regions. It is approximately 150-300 ''pyeong'' (495-990 square meters) for rice paddies and 100 ''pyeong'' (330 square meters) for dry fields. See James Palais, ''Confucian Statecraft and Korean Institutions'' (Seattle and London: University of Washington Press, 1996), 364.&lt;/ref&gt; of farm field. <br /> <br /> <br /> 折價錢文一百三十兩相約 依數捧上爲遣 右人上典前 永永放賣爲乎矣 本文記段 上典宅他田民幷付乙仍于 不得許給爲有 今年爲始鎭長耕食爲遣 幸日後良&lt;ref&gt; The character 中 is missed here. 良中, pronounced as ahi in ''idu'' reading, is a locative postposition, meaning “at.” The ''idu'' script is a writing system which uses Chinese graphs for the pronunciation and transcription of native Korean affixes, words, and sentences. This writing was used to clarify the meaning of legal documents written in literary Chinese. For further information, see Richard Rutt, “The Chinese Learning and Pleasures of a County Scholar,” Transactions of the Korea Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society 36, (April 1960): 16-21.&lt;/ref&gt; 或有上典主子孫族類 雜談隅是去乙等 持此文牌子告 官卞正印 <br /> <br /> 130 ''nyang'' of coin is agreed between us as a set price. I accept the amount and sell the property in perpetuity to [Jeongsan’s] master mentioned on the previous line. [However,] the original document&lt;ref&gt; This refers to the document of property distribution given to Mr. Song’s wife.&lt;/ref&gt; cannot be given because the record of my master’s other lands and slaves is also included in it. From this year on, you may cultivate crops for good. By any chance, should there be room for a dispute at a later date among my master’s children, take this document with the letter of authorization and report to the authorities for justice in this matter.<br /> <br /> <br /> 田畓主江陵奴李守鳳[手寸]<br /> <br /> The owner of the rice paddies and farm fields: Slave Yi Subong in Gangneung [Signature of Finger Joint]<br /> <br /> <br /> 證人 私奴金參孫[署押]<br /> <br /> Witness: Private Male Slave Kim Chamson [Signature]<br /> <br /> <br /> 筆執 幼學 金廷徽[署押]<br /> <br /> Scribe: Scholar&lt;ref&gt; The characters for a “scholar” are ''yuhak'' 幼學, which literally means a “young learner” who did not pass the civil service examination yet. JaHyun K. Haboush translates it into a “student scholar” (Haboush, ''The Confucian Kingship in Korea'', 90) and Eugene Y. Park renders it into a “degreeless scholar.” (Park, ''Between Dreams and Reality'', 41).&lt;/ref&gt; Kim Jeong-hwi [Signature]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> =='''Discussion Questions'''==<br /> #<br /> #<br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Further Readings'''==<br /> &lt;!--<br /> &lt;div style=&quot;color:#008080;&quot;&gt;<br /> * View together with '''~~'''.<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> --&gt;<br /> *<br /> *<br /> <br /> <br /> =='''References'''==<br /> &lt;references/&gt;<br /> <br /> =='''Translation'''==<br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> *Discussion Questions:<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:2018 Hanmun Summer Workshop]]<br /> [[Category:Advanced Translation Group]]</div>

Sanghoon Na http://dh.aks.ac.kr/jsg/index.php?title=(Translation)_%E4%B9%BE%E9%9A%86%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%94%E5%B9%B4%E5%BA%9A%E5%8D%88%E5%9B%9B%E6%9C%88%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%94%E6%97%A5_%E6%9D%8E%E5%A5%B4_%E4%B8%81%E5%B1%B1_%E6%98%8E%E6%96%87&diff=15637 2018-08-25T07:03:04Z

<p>Sanghoon Na: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Primary Source Document3<br /> |Image = 1750이노정산명문.jpg<br /> |English = Bill of Sale to Jeongsan, a slave of Yi [Naebeon], on the 15th day of the 4th month in 1750 <br /> |Chinese = 乾隆十五年庚午四月十五日 李奴 丁山 明文<br /> |Korean = 건륭십오년 경오 사월십오일 이노 정산 명문(''Geollyungsibonyeon gyeongo sawol siboil Ino Jeongsan Myeongmun'')<br /> |Genre = [[Historical Manuscripts]]<br /> |Type = Record<br /> |Author = Slave Yi Subong in Gangneung 江陵 奴 李守鳳<br /> |Year = 1750<br /> |Key Concepts= bill of sale, slave, women's inherited property <br /> |Translator = [[2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced)#Participants | Participants of 2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced Translation Group)]]<br /> |Editor = Sanghoon Na<br /> |Translation Year = 2018<br /> <br /> }}<br /> [[File:Backward.png|right|40px|link=2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced)#Primary Sources for Korean Studies]]<br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Introduction'''==<br /> <br /> =='''Original Script'''==<br /> <br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;width:80%; font-size:110%; color:#002080; background-color:#ffffff;&quot;<br /> !style=&quot;width:40%;&quot;|Classical Chinese || style=&quot;width:60%;&quot;| English <br /> |-<br /> |<br /> 乾隆十五年庚午四月十五日李奴丁山前茂火明文<br /> <br /> 右明文爲臥乎事叱段吾矣 上典宅居在利川爲有爲乎爲 此亂歲切迫要用所致以妻邊衿<br /> <br /> 得爲有在江陵香湖伏在畓浦坪員豈字百六十四畓七卜一束 百九十二畓七卜三束古馬谷養字六十三畓<br /> 三卜<br /> <br /> 山幕員慕字五十二畓八卜二束<br /> <br /> 檢勿里員傷字百三十二畓八卜九束 果豈字四十田三卜四束四十一田一卜二束四十四田<br /> <br /> 一卜九束僉畓伍石田一石十斗落只庫乙 上典主 牌子導良放賣 爲有矣折價錢文一百三十兩相約<br /> <br /> 依數捧上爲遣右人 上典前永永放賣爲乎矣本文記段 上典宅他田民幷付乙仍于不得許給<br /> <br /> 爲有今年爲始鎭長耕食爲遣幸日後良或有 上典主子孫族類雜談隅是去乙<br /> <br /> 等持此文牌子告 官卞正印<br /> <br /> 田畓主江陵奴李守鳳[手寸]<br /> <br /> 證人 私奴金參孫[署押]<br /> <br /> 筆執 幼學 金廷徽[署押]<br /> <br /> ||<br /> (translation)<br /> <br /> III-2. 乾隆十五年庚午四月十五日 李奴丁山前茂火明文<br /> <br /> The bill of sale&lt;ref&gt; A bill of sale (''myeongmun'' 明文) was given to a buyer when a deal was concluded between two individuals privately before having a government’s warrant.&lt;/ref&gt; for Jeongsan, slave of Yi [Naebeon],&lt;ref&gt; Slave Jeongsan is carrying out this business for his master Yi Naebeon (1703-1781). The ''yangban'' literati considered it inappropriate to be involved in business transactions themselves during the Joseon period.&lt;/ref&gt; on the 15th day of the 4th month of the 15th year [1750] of Emperor Qianlong’s reign [1735-1796]<br /> <br /> <br /> 右明文爲臥乎事叱段 <br /> <br /> The purpose of the present bill of sale is as follows:&lt;ref&gt; The literal translation of this sentence would be “The bill of sale mentioned on the right is as follows.” There are two explanations on the usage of ''wu'' 右 (“right”): one is that it refers to the word “bill of sale” 明文 written vertically on the right side. The other is that it suggests the document placed in a ruler’s right side which he was supposed to deal with first. Thus, wu 右 means the present document, which is based on ''A Clear Distinction of Styles'' (''Wenti mingbian'' 文體明辨). See Kim Seong-gap, “Joseonsidae myeongmun e gwanhan munseohakjeok yeon-gu 朝鮮時代 明文에 관한 文書學的 硏究,” (Ph.D. Diss., The Graduate School of Korean Studies, 2009), 66-7.&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> <br /> 吾矣上典宅 居在利川 爲有如乎 如此亂歲切迫 要用所致以 妻邊衿得爲有 在江陵香湖伏在畓浦坪員 豈字百六十四畓 七卜一束 百九十二畓七卜三束 古馬谷養字六十三畓 三卜 [山幕員慕字五十二畓 八卜二束] 檢勿里員傷字百三十二畓八卜九束果 豈字四十田三卜四束 四十一田一卜二束 四十四田一卜九束 僉畓伍石 田一石 十斗落只庫乙 上典主牌子導良 放賣爲有矣<br /> <br /> My master [Mr. Song] lives in Icheon&lt;ref&gt; This is presumed to be Icheon in Gyeonggi province.&lt;/ref&gt; and the famine is so severe this year.&lt;ref&gt; This was a typical statement of contracts because it was forbidden for people to sell their inherited lands at their disposal in the Rank Land Law (''gwajeonbeop'' 科田法). However, in the sixth year of King Sejong’s reign, it was allowed in such urgent situations as providing for the funeral and burial of their parents, repaying their outstanding debts, or escaping from the grinding poverty. See ''Veritable Records of King Sejong'', Year 6 (1424), Month 3, Day 23, Entry 3. (available at http://esillok.history.go.kr/front/index.do). Thereafter, people usually started with plausible excuses when they wrote this kind of document.&lt;/ref&gt; Thus, out of sheer necessity, I&lt;ref&gt; This refers to Mr. Song’s male slave Yi Subong. He is carrying out this business on behalf of his master.&lt;/ref&gt; received a letter of authorization&lt;ref&gt; A letter of authorization (''baeja'' 牌子) was used to represent or act on another’s behalf in private affairs, business, or some other legal matter.&lt;/ref&gt; and sold his wife’s inherited property located at Lake Hyang in Gangneung: the 164th rice paddy of the ''gi''&lt;ref&gt;''Gi'' 豈 is the 157th character in the ''Qianzi wen'' 千字文 (''Thousand Character Classics''), which is used to refer to the location of the land.&lt;/ref&gt; land on Popyeong Plain, producing seven loads&lt;ref&gt; The character for “load” is bu 負 (“burden”) or bu 卜 (“Korean A-frame carrier”), which is the amount of crop yields that a man could carry on his back with the A-frame carrier. Korean land measurement for taxation also used a measure of productive capability (''gyeolbu'' 結負) expressed in surface area. See James B. Lewis, Frontier Contact Between Chosŏn Korea and Tokugawa Japan (London: RoutledegeCurzon, 2003), 30.&lt;/ref&gt; and a bundle&lt;ref&gt; The character for “bundle” is ''sok'' 束 (“bind”), which is the amount of rice plants. A handful of rice plants are called one pa 把 (“to grasp”). Ten handfuls (''pa'') of rice plants make one bundle (''sok'').&lt;/ref&gt; of grain; the 192nd rice paddy [of the ''gi'' land], producing seven loads and three bundles of grain; the 63rd rice paddy of the ''yang''&lt;ref&gt; ''Yang'' 養 is the 156th character in the ''Qianzi wen''.&lt;/ref&gt; land at Goma Valley, producing three loads of grain; [the 52nd rice paddy of the ''mo''&lt;ref&gt; ''Mo'' 慕 is the 162nd character.&lt;/ref&gt; land on Sanmak Plain]&lt;ref&gt; There is a circle drawn around this rice paddy in the original document, which meant to be deleted. It was not supposed to be sold.&lt;/ref&gt;; the 132nd rice paddy of the ''sang''&lt;ref&gt; ''Sang'' 傷 is the 160th character.&lt;/ref&gt; land on Geommulli Plain, producing eight loads and nine bundles of grain; the 40th farm field of the ''gi''&lt;ref&gt; ''Gi'' 豈 is the 157th character.&lt;/ref&gt; land, producing three loads and four bundles of grain; the 41st farm field [of the ''gi'' land], producing one load and two bundles of grain; the 44th farm field [of the ''gi'' land], producing one load and nine bundles of grain. In total, they are five ''seok''&lt;ref&gt; ''Seok'' 石 (''seom'' in vernacular Korean) refers to ''seomjigi'' 石落只, which is the amount of land on which one ''seom'' (180 liters) could be planted as seed. The size of land has varied at different regions. It is approximately 1500-3000 ''pyeong'' (4,950-9,900 square meters) for rice paddies and 1000 ''pyeong'' (3,300 square meters) for dry fields.&lt;/ref&gt; of rice paddy and one ''seok'' and ten ''durakji''&lt;ref&gt; ''Durakji'' 斗落只 or ''durak'' 斗落 (''majigi'' in vernacular Korean) is the amount of land on which one ''mal'' (18 liters) could be planted as seed. The size of land has varied in different regions. It is approximately 150-300 ''pyeong'' (495-990 square meters) for rice paddies and 100 ''pyeong'' (330 square meters) for dry fields. See James Palais, ''Confucian Statecraft and Korean Institutions'' (Seattle and London: University of Washington Press, 1996), 364.&lt;/ref&gt; of farm field. <br /> <br /> <br /> 折價錢文一百三十兩相約 依數捧上爲遣 右人上典前 永永放賣爲乎矣 本文記段 上典宅他田民幷付乙仍于 不得許給爲有 今年爲始鎭長耕食爲遣 幸日後良&lt;ref&gt; The character 中 is missed here. 良中, pronounced as ahi in ''idu'' reading, is a locative postposition, meaning “at.” The ''idu'' script is a writing system which uses Chinese graphs for the pronunciation and transcription of native Korean affixes, words, and sentences. This writing was used to clarify the meaning of legal documents written in literary Chinese. For further information, see Richard Rutt, “The Chinese Learning and Pleasures of a County Scholar,” Transactions of the Korea Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society 36, (April 1960): 16-21.&lt;/ref&gt; 或有上典主子孫族類 雜談隅是去乙等 持此文牌子告 官卞正印 <br /> <br /> 130 ''nyang'' of coin is agreed between us as a set price. I accept the amount and sell the property in perpetuity to [Jeongsan’s] master mentioned on the previous line. [However,] the original document&lt;ref&gt; This refers to the document of property distribution given to Mr. Song’s wife.&lt;/ref&gt; cannot be given because the record of my master’s other lands and slaves is also included in it. From this year on, you may cultivate crops for good. By any chance, should there be room for a dispute at a later date among my master’s children, take this document with the letter of authorization and report to the authorities for justice in this matter.<br /> <br /> <br /> 田畓主江陵奴李守鳳[手寸]<br /> <br /> The owner of the rice paddies and farm fields: Slave Yi Subong in Gangneung [Signature of Finger Joint]<br /> <br /> <br /> 證人 私奴金參孫[署押]<br /> <br /> Witness: Private Male Slave Kim Chamson [Signature]<br /> <br /> <br /> 筆執 幼學 金廷徽[署押]<br /> <br /> Scribe: Scholar&lt;ref&gt; The characters for a “scholar” are ''yuhak'' 幼學, which literally means a “young learner” who did not pass the civil service examination yet. JaHyun K. Haboush translates it into a “student scholar” (Haboush, ''The Confucian Kingship in Korea'', 90) and Eugene Y. Park renders it into a “degreeless scholar.” (Park, ''Between Dreams and Reality'', 41).&lt;/ref&gt; Kim Jeong-hwi [Signature]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> =='''Discussion Questions'''==<br /> #<br /> #<br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Further Readings'''==<br /> &lt;!--<br /> &lt;div style=&quot;color:#008080;&quot;&gt;<br /> * View together with '''~~'''.<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> --&gt;<br /> *<br /> *<br /> <br /> <br /> =='''References'''==<br /> &lt;references/&gt;<br /> <br /> =='''Translation'''==<br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> *Discussion Questions:<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:2018 Hanmun Summer Workshop]]<br /> [[Category:Advanced Translation Group]]</div>

Sanghoon Na http://dh.aks.ac.kr/jsg/index.php?title=(Translation)_%E4%B9%BE%E9%9A%86%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%94%E5%B9%B4%E5%BA%9A%E5%8D%88%E5%9B%9B%E6%9C%88%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%94%E6%97%A5_%E6%9D%8E%E5%A5%B4_%E4%B8%81%E5%B1%B1_%E6%98%8E%E6%96%87&diff=15636 2018-08-25T07:01:34Z

<p>Sanghoon Na: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Primary Source Document3<br /> |Image = 1750이노정산명문.jpg<br /> |English = Bill of Sale to Jeongsan, a slave of Yi [Naebeon], on the 15th day of the 4th month in 1750 <br /> |Chinese = 乾隆十五年庚午四月十五日 李奴 丁山 明文<br /> |Korean = 건륭십오년 경오 사월십오일 이노 정산 명문(''Geollyungsibonyeon gyeongo sawol siboil Ino Jeongsan Myeongmun'')<br /> |Genre = [[Historical Manuscripts]]<br /> |Type = Record<br /> |Author = Slave Yi Subong in Gangneung 江陵 奴 李守鳳<br /> |Year = 1750<br /> |Key Concepts= bill of sale, slave, women's inherited property <br /> |Translator = [[2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced)#Participants | Participants of 2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced Translation Group)]]<br /> |Editor = Sanghoon Na<br /> |Translation Year = 2018<br /> <br /> }}<br /> [[File:Backward.png|right|40px|link=2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced)#Primary Sources for Korean Studies]]<br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Introduction'''==<br /> <br /> =='''Original Script'''==<br /> <br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;width:80%; font-size:110%; color:#002080; background-color:#ffffff;&quot;<br /> !style=&quot;width:40%;&quot;|Classical Chinese || style=&quot;width:60%;&quot;| English <br /> |-<br /> |<br /> 乾隆十五年庚午四月十五日李奴丁山前茂火明文<br /> <br /> 右明文爲臥乎事叱段吾矣 上典宅居在利川爲有爲乎爲 此亂歲切迫要用所致以妻邊衿<br /> <br /> 得爲有在江陵香湖伏在畓浦坪員豈字百六十四畓七卜一束 百九十二畓七卜三束古馬谷養字六十三畓<br /> 三卜<br /> <br /> 山幕員慕字五十二畓八卜二束<br /> <br /> 檢勿里員傷字百三十二畓八卜九束 果豈字四十田三卜四束四十一田一卜二束四十四田<br /> <br /> 一卜九束僉畓伍石田一石十斗落只庫乙 上典主 牌子導良放賣 爲有矣折價錢文一百三十兩相約<br /> <br /> 依數捧上爲遣右人 上典前永永放賣爲乎矣本文記段 上典宅他田民幷付乙仍于不得許給<br /> <br /> 爲有今年爲始鎭長耕食爲遣幸日後良或有 上典主子孫族類雜談隅是去乙<br /> <br /> 等持此文牌子告 官卞正印<br /> <br /> 田畓主江陵奴李守鳳[手寸]<br /> <br /> 證人 私奴金參孫[署押]<br /> <br /> 筆執 幼學 金廷徽[署押]<br /> <br /> ||<br /> (translation)<br /> <br /> III-2. 乾隆十五年庚午四月十五日 李奴丁山前茂火明文<br /> <br /> The bill of sale&lt;ref&gt; A bill of sale (''myeongmun'' 明文) was given to a buyer when a deal was concluded between two individuals privately before having a government’s warrant.&lt;/ref&gt; for Jeongsan, slave of Yi [Naebeon],&lt;ref&gt; Slave Jeongsan is carrying out this business for his master Yi Naebeon (1703-1781). The ''yangban'' literati considered it inappropriate to be involved in business transactions themselves during the Joseon period.&lt;/ref&gt; on the 15th day of the 4th month of the 15th year [1750] of Emperor Qianlong’s reign [1735-1796]<br /> <br /> <br /> 右明文爲臥乎事叱段 <br /> <br /> The purpose of the present bill of sale is as follows:&lt;ref&gt; The literal translation of this sentence would be “The bill of sale mentioned on the right is as follows.” There are two explanations on the usage of ''wu'' 右 (“right”): one is that it refers to the word “bill of sale” 明文 written vertically on the right side. The other is that it suggests the document placed in a ruler’s right side which he was supposed to deal with first. Thus, wu 右 means the present document, which is based on ''A Clear Distinction of Styles'' (''Wenti mingbian'' 文體明辨). See Kim Seong-gap, “Joseonsidae myeongmun e gwanhan munseohakjeok yeon-gu 朝鮮時代 明文에 관한 文書學的 硏究,” (Ph.D. Diss., The Graduate School of Korean Studies, 2009), 66-7.&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> <br /> 吾矣上典宅 居在利川 爲有如乎 如此亂歲切迫 要用所致以 妻邊衿得爲有 在江陵香湖伏在畓浦坪員 豈字百六十四畓 七卜一束 百九十二畓七卜三束 古馬谷養字六十三畓 三卜 [山幕員慕字五十二畓 八卜二束] 檢勿里員傷字百三十二畓八卜九束果 豈字四十田三卜四束 四十一田一卜二束 四十四田一卜九束 僉畓伍石 田一石 十斗落只庫乙 上典主牌子導良 放賣爲有矣<br /> <br /> My master [Mr. Song] lives in Icheon&lt;ref&gt; This is presumed to be Icheon in Gyeonggi province.&lt;/ref&gt; and the famine is so severe this year.&lt;ref&gt; This was a typical statement of contracts because it was forbidden for people to sell their inherited lands at their disposal in the Rank Land Law (''gwajeonbeop'' 科田法). However, in the sixth year of King Sejong’s reign, it was allowed in such urgent situations as providing for the funeral and burial of their parents, repaying their outstanding debts, or escaping from the grinding poverty. See ''Veritable Records of King Sejong'', Year 6 (1424), Month 3, Day 23, Entry 3. (available at http://esillok.history.go.kr/front/index.do). Thereafter, people usually started with plausible excuses when they wrote this kind of document.&lt;/ref&gt; Thus, out of sheer necessity, I&lt;ref&gt; This refers to Mr. Song’s male slave Yi Subong. He is carrying out this business on behalf of his master.&lt;/ref&gt; received a letter of authorization&lt;ref&gt; A letter of authorization (''baeja'' 牌子) was used to represent or act on another’s behalf in private affairs, business, or some other legal matter.&lt;/ref&gt; and sold his wife’s inherited property located at Lake Hyang in Gangneung: the 164th rice paddy of the ''gi''&lt;ref&gt;''Gi'' 豈 is the 157th character in the ''Qianzi wen'' 千字文 (''Thousand Character Classics''), which is used to refer to the location of the land.&lt;/ref&gt; land on Popyeong Plain, producing seven loads&lt;ref&gt; The character for “load” is bu 負 (“burden”) or bu 卜 (“Korean A-frame carrier”), which is the amount of crop yields that a man could carry on his back with the A-frame carrier. Korean land measurement for taxation also used a measure of productive capability (''gyeolbu'' 結負) expressed in surface area. See James B. Lewis, Frontier Contact Between Chosŏn Korea and Tokugawa Japan (London: RoutledegeCurzon, 2003), 30.&lt;/ref&gt; and a bundle&lt;ref&gt; The character for “bundle” is ''sok'' 束 (“bind”), which is the amount of rice plants. A handful of rice plants are called one pa 把 (“to grasp”). Ten handfuls (''pa'') of rice plants make one bundle (''sok'').&lt;/ref&gt; of grain; the 192nd rice paddy [of the ''gi'' land], producing seven loads and three bundles of grain; the 63rd rice paddy of the ''yang''&lt;ref&gt; ''Yang'' 養 is the 156th character in the ''Qianzi wen''.&lt;/ref&gt; land at Goma Valley, producing three loads of grain; [the 52nd rice paddy of the ''mo''&lt;ref&gt; ''Mo'' 慕 is the 162nd character.&lt;/ref&gt; land on Sanmak Plain]&lt;ref&gt; There is a circle drawn around this rice paddy in the original document, which meant to be deleted. It was not supposed to be sold.&lt;/ref&gt;; the 132nd rice paddy of the ''sang''&lt;ref&gt; ''Sang'' 傷 is the 160th character.&lt;/ref&gt; land on Geommulli Plain, producing eight loads and nine bundles of grain; the 40th farm field of the ''gi''&lt;ref&gt; ''Gi'' 豈 is the 157th character.&lt;/ref&gt; land, producing three loads and four bundles of grain; the 41st farm field [of the ''gi'' land], producing one load and two bundles of grain; the 44th farm field [of the ''gi'' land], producing one load and nine bundles of grain. In total, they are five ''seok''&lt;ref&gt; ''Seok'' 石 (''seom'' in vernacular Korean) refers to ''seomjigi'' 石落只, which is the amount of land on which one ''seom'' (180 liters) could be planted as seed. The size of land has varied at different regions. It is approximately 1500-3000 ''pyeong'' (4,950-9,900 square meters) for rice paddies and 1000 ''pyeong'' (3,300 square meters) for dry fields.&lt;/ref&gt; of rice paddy and one ''seok'' and ten ''durakji''&lt;ref&gt; ''Durakji'' 斗落只 or ''durak'' 斗落 (''majigi'' in vernacular Korean) is the amount of land on which one ''mal'' (18 liters) could be planted as seed. The size of land has varied in different regions. It is approximately 150-300 ''pyeong'' (495-990 square meters) for rice paddies and 100 ''pyeong'' (330 square meters) for dry fields. See James Palais, ''Confucian Statecraft and Korean Institutions'' (Seattle and London: University of Washington Press, 1996), 364.&lt;/ref&gt; of farm field. <br /> <br /> <br /> 折價錢文一百三十兩相約 依數捧上爲遣 右人上典前 永永放賣爲乎矣 本文記段 上典宅他田民幷付乙仍于 不得許給爲有 今年爲始鎭長耕食爲遣 幸日後良&lt;ref&gt; The character 中 is missed here. 良中, pronounced as ahi in ''idu'' reading, is a locative postposition, meaning “at.” The ''idu'' script is a writing system which uses Chinese graphs for the pronunciation and transcription of native Korean affixes, words, and sentences. This writing was used to clarify the meaning of legal documents written in literary Chinese. For further information, see Richard Rutt, “The Chinese Learning and Pleasures of a County Scholar,” Transactions of the Korea Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society 36, (April 1960): 16-21.&lt;/ref&gt; 或有上典主子孫族類 雜談隅是去乙等 持此文牌子告 官卞正印 <br /> <br /> 130 ''nyang'' of coin is agreed between us as a set price. I accept the amount and sell the property in perpetuity to [Jeongsan’s] master mentioned on the previous line. [However,] the original document&lt;ref&gt; This refers to the document of property distribution given to Mr. Song’s wife.&lt;/ref&gt; cannot be given because the record of my master’s other lands and slaves is also included in it. From this year on, you may cultivate crops for good. By any chance, should there be room for a dispute at a later date among my master’s children, take this document with the letter of authorization and report to the authorities for justice in this matter.<br /> <br /> <br /> 田畓主江陵奴李守鳳[手寸]<br /> <br /> The owner of the rice paddies and farm fields: Slave Yi Subong in Gangneung [Signature of Finger Joint]<br /> <br /> <br /> 證人 私奴金參孫[署押]<br /> <br /> Witness: Private Male Slave Kim Chamson [Signature]<br /> <br /> <br /> 筆執 幼學 金廷徽[署押]<br /> <br /> Scribe: Scholar&lt;ref&gt; The characters for a “scholar” are ''yuhak'' 幼學, which literally means a “young learner” who did not pass the civil service examination yet. JaHyun K. Haboush translates it into a “student scholar” (Haboush, The Confucian Kingship in Korea, 90) and Eugene Y. Park renders it into a “degreeless scholar.” (Park, Between Dreams and Reality, 41).&lt;/ref&gt; Kim Jeong-hwi [Signature]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> =='''Discussion Questions'''==<br /> #<br /> #<br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Further Readings'''==<br /> &lt;!--<br /> &lt;div style=&quot;color:#008080;&quot;&gt;<br /> * View together with '''~~'''.<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> --&gt;<br /> *<br /> *<br /> <br /> <br /> =='''References'''==<br /> &lt;references/&gt;<br /> <br /> =='''Translation'''==<br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> *Discussion Questions:<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:2018 Hanmun Summer Workshop]]<br /> [[Category:Advanced Translation Group]]</div>

Sanghoon Na http://dh.aks.ac.kr/jsg/index.php?title=(Translation)_%E4%B9%BE%E9%9A%86%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%94%E5%B9%B4%E5%BA%9A%E5%8D%88%E5%9B%9B%E6%9C%88%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%94%E6%97%A5_%E6%9D%8E%E5%A5%B4_%E4%B8%81%E5%B1%B1_%E6%98%8E%E6%96%87&diff=15635 2018-08-25T07:00:50Z

<p>Sanghoon Na: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Primary Source Document3<br /> |Image = 1750이노정산명문.jpg<br /> |English = Bill of Sale to Jeongsan, a slave of Yi [Naebeon], on the 15th day of the 4th month in 1750 <br /> |Chinese = 乾隆十五年庚午四月十五日 李奴 丁山 明文<br /> |Korean = 건륭십오년 경오 사월십오일 이노 정산 명문(''Geollyungsibonyeon gyeongo sawol siboil Ino Jeongsan Myeongmun'')<br /> |Genre = [[Historical Manuscripts]]<br /> |Type = Record<br /> |Author = Slave Yi Subong in Gangneung 江陵 奴 李守鳳<br /> |Year = 1750<br /> |Key Concepts= bill of sale, slave, women's inherited property <br /> |Translator = [[2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced)#Participants | Participants of 2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced Translation Group)]]<br /> |Editor = Sanghoon Na<br /> |Translation Year = 2018<br /> <br /> }}<br /> [[File:Backward.png|right|40px|link=2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced)#Primary Sources for Korean Studies]]<br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Introduction'''==<br /> <br /> =='''Original Script'''==<br /> <br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;width:80%; font-size:110%; color:#002080; background-color:#ffffff;&quot;<br /> !style=&quot;width:40%;&quot;|Classical Chinese || style=&quot;width:60%;&quot;| English <br /> |-<br /> |<br /> 乾隆十五年庚午四月十五日李奴丁山前茂火明文<br /> <br /> 右明文爲臥乎事叱段吾矣 上典宅居在利川爲有爲乎爲 此亂歲切迫要用所致以妻邊衿<br /> <br /> 得爲有在江陵香湖伏在畓浦坪員豈字百六十四畓七卜一束 百九十二畓七卜三束古馬谷養字六十三畓<br /> 三卜<br /> <br /> 山幕員慕字五十二畓八卜二束<br /> <br /> 檢勿里員傷字百三十二畓八卜九束 果豈字四十田三卜四束四十一田一卜二束四十四田<br /> <br /> 一卜九束僉畓伍石田一石十斗落只庫乙 上典主 牌子導良放賣 爲有矣折價錢文一百三十兩相約<br /> <br /> 依數捧上爲遣右人 上典前永永放賣爲乎矣本文記段 上典宅他田民幷付乙仍于不得許給<br /> <br /> 爲有今年爲始鎭長耕食爲遣幸日後良或有 上典主子孫族類雜談隅是去乙<br /> <br /> 等持此文牌子告 官卞正印<br /> <br /> 田畓主江陵奴李守鳳[手寸]<br /> <br /> 證人 私奴金參孫[署押]<br /> <br /> 筆執 幼學 金廷徽[署押]<br /> <br /> ||<br /> (translation)<br /> <br /> III-2. 乾隆十五年庚午四月十五日 李奴丁山前茂火明文<br /> <br /> The bill of sale&lt;ref&gt; A bill of sale (''myeongmun'' 明文) was given to a buyer when a deal was concluded between two individuals privately before having a government’s warrant.&lt;/ref&gt; for Jeongsan, slave of Yi [Naebeon],&lt;ref&gt; Slave Jeongsan is carrying out this business for his master Yi Naebeon (1703-1781). The ''yangban'' literati considered it inappropriate to be involved in business transactions themselves during the Joseon period.&lt;/ref&gt; on the 15th day of the 4th month of the 15th year [1750] of Emperor Qianlong’s reign [1735-1796]<br /> <br /> <br /> 右明文爲臥乎事叱段 <br /> <br /> The purpose of the present bill of sale is as follows:&lt;ref&gt; The literal translation of this sentence would be “The bill of sale mentioned on the right is as follows.” There are two explanations on the usage of ''wu'' 右 (“right”): one is that it refers to the word “bill of sale” 明文 written vertically on the right side. The other is that it suggests the document placed in a ruler’s right side which he was supposed to deal with first. Thus, wu 右 means the present document, which is based on ''A Clear Distinction of Styles'' (''Wenti mingbian'' 文體明辨). See Kim Seong-gap, “Joseonsidae myeongmun e gwanhan munseohakjeok yeon-gu 朝鮮時代 明文에 관한 文書學的 硏究,” (Ph.D. Diss., The Graduate School of Korean Studies, 2009), 66-7.&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> <br /> 吾矣上典宅 居在利川 爲有如乎 如此亂歲切迫 要用所致以 妻邊衿得爲有 在江陵香湖伏在畓浦坪員 豈字百六十四畓 七卜一束 百九十二畓七卜三束 古馬谷養字六十三畓 三卜 [山幕員慕字五十二畓 八卜二束] 檢勿里員傷字百三十二畓八卜九束果 豈字四十田三卜四束 四十一田一卜二束 四十四田一卜九束 僉畓伍石 田一石 十斗落只庫乙 上典主牌子導良 放賣爲有矣<br /> <br /> My master [Mr. Song] lives in Icheon&lt;ref&gt; This is presumed to be Icheon in Gyeonggi province.&lt;/ref&gt; and the famine is so severe this year.&lt;ref&gt; This was a typical statement of contracts because it was forbidden for people to sell their inherited lands at their disposal in the Rank Land Law (''gwajeonbeop'' 科田法). However, in the sixth year of King Sejong’s reign, it was allowed in such urgent situations as providing for the funeral and burial of their parents, repaying their outstanding debts, or escaping from the grinding poverty. See ''Veritable Records of King Sejong'', Year 6 (1424), Month 3, Day 23, Entry 3. (available at http://esillok.history.go.kr/front/index.do). Thereafter, people usually started with plausible excuses when they wrote this kind of document.&lt;/ref&gt; Thus, out of sheer necessity, I&lt;ref&gt; This refers to Mr. Song’s male slave Yi Subong. He is carrying out this business on behalf of his master.&lt;/ref&gt; received a letter of authorization&lt;ref&gt; A letter of authorization (''baeja'' 牌子) was used to represent or act on another’s behalf in private affairs, business, or some other legal matter.&lt;/ref&gt; and sold his wife’s inherited property located at Lake Hyang in Gangneung: the 164th rice paddy of the ''gi''&lt;ref&gt;''Gi'' 豈 is the 157th character in the ''Qianzi wen'' 千字文 (''Thousand Character Classics''), which is used to refer to the location of the land.&lt;/ref&gt; land on Popyeong Plain, producing seven loads&lt;ref&gt; The character for “load” is bu 負 (“burden”) or bu 卜 (“Korean A-frame carrier”), which is the amount of crop yields that a man could carry on his back with the A-frame carrier. Korean land measurement for taxation also used a measure of productive capability (''gyeolbu'' 結負) expressed in surface area. See James B. Lewis, Frontier Contact Between Chosŏn Korea and Tokugawa Japan (London: RoutledegeCurzon, 2003), 30.&lt;/ref&gt; and a bundle&lt;ref&gt; The character for “bundle” is ''sok'' 束 (“bind”), which is the amount of rice plants. A handful of rice plants are called one pa 把 (“to grasp”). Ten handfuls (''pa'') of rice plants make one bundle (''sok'').&lt;/ref&gt; of grain; the 192nd rice paddy [of the ''gi'' land], producing seven loads and three bundles of grain; the 63rd rice paddy of the ''yang''&lt;ref&gt; ''Yang'' 養 is the 156th character in the Qianzi wen.&lt;/ref&gt; land at Goma Valley, producing three loads of grain; [the 52nd rice paddy of the ''mo''&lt;ref&gt; ''Mo'' 慕 is the 162nd character.&lt;/ref&gt; land on Sanmak Plain]&lt;ref&gt; There is a circle drawn around this rice paddy in the original document, which meant to be deleted. It was not supposed to be sold.&lt;/ref&gt;; the 132nd rice paddy of the ''sang''&lt;ref&gt; ''Sang'' 傷 is the 160th character.&lt;/ref&gt; land on Geommulli Plain, producing eight loads and nine bundles of grain; the 40th farm field of the ''gi''&lt;ref&gt; ''Gi'' 豈 is the 157th character.&lt;/ref&gt; land, producing three loads and four bundles of grain; the 41st farm field [of the ''gi'' land], producing one load and two bundles of grain; the 44th farm field [of the gi land], producing one load and nine bundles of grain. In total, they are five ''seok''&lt;ref&gt; ''Seok'' 石 (''seom'' in vernacular Korean) refers to ''seomjigi'' 石落只, which is the amount of land on which one ''seom'' (180 liters) could be planted as seed. The size of land has varied at different regions. It is approximately 1500-3000 ''pyeong'' (4,950-9,900 square meters) for rice paddies and 1000 ''pyeong'' (3,300 square meters) for dry fields.&lt;/ref&gt; of rice paddy and one ''seok'' and ten ''durakji''&lt;ref&gt; ''Durakji'' 斗落只 or ''durak'' 斗落 (''majigi'' in vernacular Korean) is the amount of land on which one ''mal'' (18 liters) could be planted as seed. The size of land has varied in different regions. It is approximately 150-300 ''pyeong'' (495-990 square meters) for rice paddies and 100 ''pyeong'' (330 square meters) for dry fields. See James Palais, ''Confucian Statecraft and Korean Institutions'' (Seattle and London: University of Washington Press, 1996), 364.&lt;/ref&gt; of farm field. <br /> <br /> <br /> 折價錢文一百三十兩相約 依數捧上爲遣 右人上典前 永永放賣爲乎矣 本文記段 上典宅他田民幷付乙仍于 不得許給爲有 今年爲始鎭長耕食爲遣 幸日後良&lt;ref&gt; The character 中 is missed here. 良中, pronounced as ahi in ''idu'' reading, is a locative postposition, meaning “at.” The ''idu'' script is a writing system which uses Chinese graphs for the pronunciation and transcription of native Korean affixes, words, and sentences. This writing was used to clarify the meaning of legal documents written in literary Chinese. For further information, see Richard Rutt, “The Chinese Learning and Pleasures of a County Scholar,” Transactions of the Korea Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society 36, (April 1960): 16-21.&lt;/ref&gt; 或有上典主子孫族類 雜談隅是去乙等 持此文牌子告 官卞正印 <br /> <br /> 130 ''nyang'' of coin is agreed between us as a set price. I accept the amount and sell the property in perpetuity to [Jeongsan’s] master mentioned on the previous line. [However,] the original document&lt;ref&gt; This refers to the document of property distribution given to Mr. Song’s wife.&lt;/ref&gt; cannot be given because the record of my master’s other lands and slaves is also included in it. From this year on, you may cultivate crops for good. By any chance, should there be room for a dispute at a later date among my master’s children, take this document with the letter of authorization and report to the authorities for justice in this matter.<br /> <br /> <br /> 田畓主江陵奴李守鳳[手寸]<br /> <br /> The owner of the rice paddies and farm fields: Slave Yi Subong in Gangneung [Signature of Finger Joint]<br /> <br /> <br /> 證人 私奴金參孫[署押]<br /> <br /> Witness: Private Male Slave Kim Chamson [Signature]<br /> <br /> <br /> 筆執 幼學 金廷徽[署押]<br /> <br /> Scribe: Scholar&lt;ref&gt; The characters for a “scholar” are ''yuhak'' 幼學, which literally means a “young learner” who did not pass the civil service examination yet. JaHyun K. Haboush translates it into a “student scholar” (Haboush, The Confucian Kingship in Korea, 90) and Eugene Y. Park renders it into a “degreeless scholar.” (Park, Between Dreams and Reality, 41).&lt;/ref&gt; Kim Jeong-hwi [Signature]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> =='''Discussion Questions'''==<br /> #<br /> #<br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Further Readings'''==<br /> &lt;!--<br /> &lt;div style=&quot;color:#008080;&quot;&gt;<br /> * View together with '''~~'''.<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> --&gt;<br /> *<br /> *<br /> <br /> <br /> =='''References'''==<br /> &lt;references/&gt;<br /> <br /> =='''Translation'''==<br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> *Discussion Questions:<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:2018 Hanmun Summer Workshop]]<br /> [[Category:Advanced Translation Group]]</div>

Sanghoon Na http://dh.aks.ac.kr/jsg/index.php?title=(Translation)_%E4%B9%BE%E9%9A%86%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%94%E5%B9%B4%E5%BA%9A%E5%8D%88%E5%9B%9B%E6%9C%88%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%94%E6%97%A5_%E6%9D%8E%E5%A5%B4_%E4%B8%81%E5%B1%B1_%E6%98%8E%E6%96%87&diff=15634 2018-08-25T07:00:05Z

<p>Sanghoon Na: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Primary Source Document3<br /> |Image = 1750이노정산명문.jpg<br /> |English = Bill of Sale to Jeongsan, a slave of Yi [Naebeon], on the 15th day of the 4th month in 1750 <br /> |Chinese = 乾隆十五年庚午四月十五日 李奴 丁山 明文<br /> |Korean = 건륭십오년 경오 사월십오일 이노 정산 명문(''Geollyungsibonyeon gyeongo sawol siboil Ino Jeongsan Myeongmun'')<br /> |Genre = [[Historical Manuscripts]]<br /> |Type = Record<br /> |Author = Slave Yi Subong in Gangneung 江陵 奴 李守鳳<br /> |Year = 1750<br /> |Key Concepts= bill of sale, slave, women's inherited property <br /> |Translator = [[2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced)#Participants | Participants of 2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced Translation Group)]]<br /> |Editor = Sanghoon Na<br /> |Translation Year = 2018<br /> <br /> }}<br /> [[File:Backward.png|right|40px|link=2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced)#Primary Sources for Korean Studies]]<br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Introduction'''==<br /> <br /> =='''Original Script'''==<br /> <br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;width:80%; font-size:110%; color:#002080; background-color:#ffffff;&quot;<br /> !style=&quot;width:40%;&quot;|Classical Chinese || style=&quot;width:60%;&quot;| English <br /> |-<br /> |<br /> 乾隆十五年庚午四月十五日李奴丁山前茂火明文<br /> <br /> 右明文爲臥乎事叱段吾矣 上典宅居在利川爲有爲乎爲 此亂歲切迫要用所致以妻邊衿<br /> <br /> 得爲有在江陵香湖伏在畓浦坪員豈字百六十四畓七卜一束 百九十二畓七卜三束古馬谷養字六十三畓<br /> 三卜<br /> <br /> 山幕員慕字五十二畓八卜二束<br /> <br /> 檢勿里員傷字百三十二畓八卜九束 果豈字四十田三卜四束四十一田一卜二束四十四田<br /> <br /> 一卜九束僉畓伍石田一石十斗落只庫乙 上典主 牌子導良放賣 爲有矣折價錢文一百三十兩相約<br /> <br /> 依數捧上爲遣右人 上典前永永放賣爲乎矣本文記段 上典宅他田民幷付乙仍于不得許給<br /> <br /> 爲有今年爲始鎭長耕食爲遣幸日後良或有 上典主子孫族類雜談隅是去乙<br /> <br /> 等持此文牌子告 官卞正印<br /> <br /> 田畓主江陵奴李守鳳[手寸]<br /> <br /> 證人 私奴金參孫[署押]<br /> <br /> 筆執 幼學 金廷徽[署押]<br /> <br /> ||<br /> (translation)<br /> <br /> III-2. 乾隆十五年庚午四月十五日 李奴丁山前茂火明文<br /> <br /> The bill of sale&lt;ref&gt; A bill of sale (''myeongmun'' 明文) was given to a buyer when a deal was concluded between two individuals privately before having a government’s warrant.&lt;/ref&gt; for Jeongsan, slave of Yi [Naebeon],&lt;ref&gt; Slave Jeongsan is carrying out this business for his master Yi Naebeon (1703-1781). The ''yangban'' literati considered it inappropriate to be involved in business transactions themselves during the Joseon period.&lt;/ref&gt; on the 15th day of the 4th month of the 15th year [1750] of Emperor Qianlong’s reign [1735-1796]<br /> <br /> <br /> 右明文爲臥乎事叱段 <br /> <br /> The purpose of the present bill of sale is as follows:&lt;ref&gt; The literal translation of this sentence would be “The bill of sale mentioned on the right is as follows.” There are two explanations on the usage of ''wu'' 右 (“right”): one is that it refers to the word “bill of sale” 明文 written vertically on the right side. The other is that it suggests the document placed in a ruler’s right side which he was supposed to deal with first. Thus, wu 右 means the present document, which is based on ''A Clear Distinction of Styles'' (''Wenti mingbian'' 文體明辨). See Kim Seong-gap, “Joseonsidae myeongmun e gwanhan munseohakjeok yeon-gu 朝鮮時代 明文에 관한 文書學的 硏究,” (Ph.D. Diss., The Graduate School of Korean Studies, 2009), 66-7.&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> <br /> 吾矣上典宅 居在利川 爲有如乎 如此亂歲切迫 要用所致以 妻邊衿得爲有 在江陵香湖伏在畓浦坪員 豈字百六十四畓 七卜一束 百九十二畓七卜三束 古馬谷養字六十三畓 三卜 [山幕員慕字五十二畓 八卜二束] 檢勿里員傷字百三十二畓八卜九束果 豈字四十田三卜四束 四十一田一卜二束 四十四田一卜九束 僉畓伍石 田一石 十斗落只庫乙 上典主牌子導良 放賣爲有矣<br /> <br /> My master [Mr. Song] lives in Icheon&lt;ref&gt; This is presumed to be Icheon in Gyeonggi province.&lt;/ref&gt; and the famine is so severe this year.&lt;ref&gt; This was a typical statement of contracts because it was forbidden for people to sell their inherited lands at their disposal in the Rank Land Law (''gwajeonbeop'' 科田法). However, in the sixth year of King Sejong’s reign, it was allowed in such urgent situations as providing for the funeral and burial of their parents, repaying their outstanding debts, or escaping from the grinding poverty. See ''Veritable Records of King Sejong'', Year 6 (1424), Month 3, Day 23, Entry 3. (available at http://esillok.history.go.kr/front/index.do). Thereafter, people usually started with plausible excuses when they wrote this kind of document.&lt;/ref&gt; Thus, out of sheer necessity, I&lt;ref&gt; This refers to Mr. Song’s male slave Yi Subong. He is carrying out this business on behalf of his master.&lt;/ref&gt; received a letter of authorization&lt;ref&gt; A letter of authorization (''baeja'' 牌子) was used to represent or act on another’s behalf in private affairs, business, or some other legal matter.&lt;/ref&gt; and sold his wife’s inherited property located at Lake Hyang in Gangneung: the 164th rice paddy of the ''gi''&lt;ref&gt;''Gi'' 豈 is the 157th character in the ''Qianzi wen'' 千字文 (''Thousand Character Classics''), which is used to refer to the location of the land.&lt;/ref&gt; land on Popyeong Plain, producing seven loads&lt;ref&gt; The character for “load” is bu 負 (“burden”) or bu 卜 (“Korean A-frame carrier”), which is the amount of crop yields that a man could carry on his back with the A-frame carrier. Korean land measurement for taxation also used a measure of productive capability (''gyeolbu'' 結負) expressed in surface area. See James B. Lewis, Frontier Contact Between Chosŏn Korea and Tokugawa Japan (London: RoutledegeCurzon, 2003), 30.&lt;/ref&gt; and a bundle&lt;ref&gt; The character for “bundle” is ''sok'' 束 (“bind”), which is the amount of rice plants. A handful of rice plants are called one pa 把 (“to grasp”). Ten handfuls (''pa'') of rice plants make one bundle (''sok'').&lt;/ref&gt; of grain; the 192nd rice paddy [of the ''gi'' land], producing seven loads and three bundles of grain; the 63rd rice paddy of the yang&lt;ref&gt; ''Yang'' 養 is the 156th character in the Qianzi wen.&lt;/ref&gt; land at Goma Valley, producing three loads of grain; [the 52nd rice paddy of the ''mo''&lt;ref&gt; ''Mo'' 慕 is the 162nd character.&lt;/ref&gt; land on Sanmak Plain]&lt;ref&gt; There is a circle drawn around this rice paddy in the original document, which meant to be deleted. It was not supposed to be sold.&lt;/ref&gt;; the 132nd rice paddy of the ''sang''&lt;ref&gt; ''Sang'' 傷 is the 160th character.&lt;/ref&gt; land on Geommulli Plain, producing eight loads and nine bundles of grain; the 40th farm field of the ''gi''&lt;ref&gt; ''Gi'' 豈 is the 157th character.&lt;/ref&gt; land, producing three loads and four bundles of grain; the 41st farm field [of the ''gi'' land], producing one load and two bundles of grain; the 44th farm field [of the gi land], producing one load and nine bundles of grain. In total, they are five ''seok''&lt;ref&gt; ''Seok'' 石 (''seom'' in vernacular Korean) refers to ''seomjigi'' 石落只, which is the amount of land on which one ''seom'' (180 liters) could be planted as seed. The size of land has varied at different regions. It is approximately 1500-3000 ''pyeong'' (4,950-9,900 square meters) for rice paddies and 1000 ''pyeong'' (3,300 square meters) for dry fields.&lt;/ref&gt; of rice paddy and one ''seok'' and ten ''durakji''&lt;ref&gt; ''Durakji'' 斗落只 or ''durak'' 斗落 (''majigi'' in vernacular Korean) is the amount of land on which one ''mal'' (18 liters) could be planted as seed. The size of land has varied in different regions. It is approximately 150-300 ''pyeong'' (495-990 square meters) for rice paddies and 100 ''pyeong'' (330 square meters) for dry fields. See James Palais, ''Confucian Statecraft and Korean Institutions'' (Seattle and London: University of Washington Press, 1996), 364.&lt;/ref&gt; of farm field. <br /> <br /> <br /> 折價錢文一百三十兩相約 依數捧上爲遣 右人上典前 永永放賣爲乎矣 本文記段 上典宅他田民幷付乙仍于 不得許給爲有 今年爲始鎭長耕食爲遣 幸日後良&lt;ref&gt; The character 中 is missed here. 良中, pronounced as ahi in ''idu'' reading, is a locative postposition, meaning “at.” The ''idu'' script is a writing system which uses Chinese graphs for the pronunciation and transcription of native Korean affixes, words, and sentences. This writing was used to clarify the meaning of legal documents written in literary Chinese. For further information, see Richard Rutt, “The Chinese Learning and Pleasures of a County Scholar,” Transactions of the Korea Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society 36, (April 1960): 16-21.&lt;/ref&gt; 或有上典主子孫族類 雜談隅是去乙等 持此文牌子告 官卞正印 <br /> <br /> 130 ''nyang'' of coin is agreed between us as a set price. I accept the amount and sell the property in perpetuity to [Jeongsan’s] master mentioned on the previous line. [However,] the original document&lt;ref&gt; This refers to the document of property distribution given to Mr. Song’s wife.&lt;/ref&gt; cannot be given because the record of my master’s other lands and slaves is also included in it. From this year on, you may cultivate crops for good. By any chance, should there be room for a dispute at a later date among my master’s children, take this document with the letter of authorization and report to the authorities for justice in this matter.<br /> <br /> <br /> 田畓主江陵奴李守鳳[手寸]<br /> <br /> The owner of the rice paddies and farm fields: Slave Yi Subong in Gangneung [Signature of Finger Joint]<br /> <br /> <br /> 證人 私奴金參孫[署押]<br /> <br /> Witness: Private Male Slave Kim Chamson [Signature]<br /> <br /> <br /> 筆執 幼學 金廷徽[署押]<br /> <br /> Scribe: Scholar&lt;ref&gt; The characters for a “scholar” are ''yuhak'' 幼學, which literally means a “young learner” who did not pass the civil service examination yet. JaHyun K. Haboush translates it into a “student scholar” (Haboush, The Confucian Kingship in Korea, 90) and Eugene Y. Park renders it into a “degreeless scholar.” (Park, Between Dreams and Reality, 41).&lt;/ref&gt; Kim Jeong-hwi [Signature]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> =='''Discussion Questions'''==<br /> #<br /> #<br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Further Readings'''==<br /> &lt;!--<br /> &lt;div style=&quot;color:#008080;&quot;&gt;<br /> * View together with '''~~'''.<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> --&gt;<br /> *<br /> *<br /> <br /> <br /> =='''References'''==<br /> &lt;references/&gt;<br /> <br /> =='''Translation'''==<br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> *Discussion Questions:<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:2018 Hanmun Summer Workshop]]<br /> [[Category:Advanced Translation Group]]</div>

Sanghoon Na http://dh.aks.ac.kr/jsg/index.php?title=(Translation)_%E4%B9%BE%E9%9A%86%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%94%E5%B9%B4%E5%BA%9A%E5%8D%88%E5%9B%9B%E6%9C%88%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%94%E6%97%A5_%E6%9D%8E%E5%A5%B4_%E4%B8%81%E5%B1%B1_%E6%98%8E%E6%96%87&diff=15633 2018-08-25T06:54:42Z

<p>Sanghoon Na: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Primary Source Document3<br /> |Image = 1750이노정산명문.jpg<br /> |English = Deed to Jeongsan, a slave of Yi [Naebeon], on the 15th day of the 4th month in 1750 <br /> |Chinese = 乾隆十五年庚午四月十五日 李奴 丁山 明文<br /> |Korean = 건륭십오년 경오 사월십오일 이노 정산 명문(''Geollyungsibonyeon gyeongo sawol siboil Ino Jeongsan Myeongmun'')<br /> |Genre = [[Historical Manuscripts]]<br /> |Type = Record<br /> |Author = Slave Yi Subong in Gangneung 江陵 奴 李守鳳<br /> |Year = 1750<br /> |Key Concepts= slave, deed, female's inherited property <br /> |Translator = [[2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced)#Participants | Participants of 2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced Translation Group)]]<br /> |Editor = Sanghoon Na<br /> |Translation Year = 2018<br /> <br /> }}<br /> [[File:Backward.png|right|40px|link=2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced)#Primary Sources for Korean Studies]]<br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Introduction'''==<br /> <br /> =='''Original Script'''==<br /> <br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;width:80%; font-size:110%; color:#002080; background-color:#ffffff;&quot;<br /> !style=&quot;width:40%;&quot;|Classical Chinese || style=&quot;width:60%;&quot;| English <br /> |-<br /> |<br /> 乾隆十五年庚午四月十五日李奴丁山前茂火明文<br /> <br /> 右明文爲臥乎事叱段吾矣 上典宅居在利川爲有爲乎爲 此亂歲切迫要用所致以妻邊衿<br /> <br /> 得爲有在江陵香湖伏在畓浦坪員豈字百六十四畓七卜一束 百九十二畓七卜三束古馬谷養字六十三畓<br /> 三卜<br /> <br /> 山幕員慕字五十二畓八卜二束<br /> <br /> 檢勿里員傷字百三十二畓八卜九束 果豈字四十田三卜四束四十一田一卜二束四十四田<br /> <br /> 一卜九束僉畓伍石田一石十斗落只庫乙 上典主 牌子導良放賣 爲有矣折價錢文一百三十兩相約<br /> <br /> 依數捧上爲遣右人 上典前永永放賣爲乎矣本文記段 上典宅他田民幷付乙仍于不得許給<br /> <br /> 爲有今年爲始鎭長耕食爲遣幸日後良或有 上典主子孫族類雜談隅是去乙<br /> <br /> 等持此文牌子告 官卞正印<br /> <br /> 田畓主江陵奴李守鳳[手寸]<br /> <br /> 證人 私奴金參孫[署押]<br /> <br /> 筆執 幼學 金廷徽[署押]<br /> <br /> ||<br /> (translation)<br /> <br /> III-2. 乾隆十五年庚午四月十五日 李奴丁山前茂火明文<br /> <br /> The bill of sale&lt;ref&gt; A bill of sale (''myeongmun'' 明文) was given to a buyer when a deal was concluded between two individuals privately before having a government’s warrant.&lt;/ref&gt; for Jeongsan, slave of Yi [Naebeon],&lt;ref&gt; Slave Jeongsan is carrying out this business for his master Yi Naebeon (1703-1781). The yangban literati considered it inappropriate to be involved in business transactions themselves during the Joseon period.&lt;/ref&gt; on the 15th day of the 4th month of the 15th year [1750] of Emperor Qianlong’s reign [1735-1796]<br /> <br /> <br /> 右明文爲臥乎事叱段 <br /> <br /> The purpose of the present bill of sale is as follows:&lt;ref&gt; The literal translation of this sentence would be “The bill of sale mentioned on the right is as follows.” There are two explanations on the usage of ''wu'' 右 (“right”): one is that it refers to the word “bill of sale” 明文 written vertically on the right side. The other is that it suggests the document placed in a ruler’s right side which he was supposed to deal with first. Thus, wu 右 means the present document, which is based on ''A Clear Distinction of Styles'' (''Wenti mingbian'' 文體明辨). See Kim Seong-gap, “Joseonsidae myeongmun e gwanhan munseohakjeok yeon-gu 朝鮮時代 明文에 관한 文書學的 硏究,” (Ph.D. Diss., The Graduate School of Korean Studies, 2009), 66-7.&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> <br /> 吾矣上典宅 居在利川 爲有如乎 如此亂歲切迫 要用所致以 妻邊衿得爲有 在江陵香湖伏在畓浦坪員 豈字百六十四畓 七卜一束 百九十二畓七卜三束 古馬谷養字六十三畓 三卜 [山幕員慕字五十二畓 八卜二束] 檢勿里員傷字百三十二畓八卜九束果 豈字四十田三卜四束 四十一田一卜二束 四十四田一卜九束 僉畓伍石 田一石 十斗落只庫乙 上典主牌子導良 放賣爲有矣<br /> <br /> My master [Mr. Song] lives in Icheon&lt;ref&gt; This is presumed to be Icheon in Gyeonggi province.&lt;/ref&gt; and the famine is so severe this year.&lt;ref&gt; This was a typical statement of contracts because it was forbidden for people to sell their inherited lands at their disposal in the Rank Land Law (''gwajeonbeop'' 科田法). However, in the sixth year of King Sejong’s reign, it was allowed in such urgent situations as providing for the funeral and burial of their parents, repaying their outstanding debts, or escaping from the grinding poverty. See ''Veritable Records of King Sejong'', Year 6 (1424), Month 3, Day 23, Entry 3. (available at http://esillok.history.go.kr/front/index.do). Thereafter, people usually started with plausible excuses when they wrote this kind of document.&lt;/ref&gt; Thus, out of sheer necessity, I&lt;ref&gt; This refers to Mr. Song’s male slave Yi Subong. He is carrying out this business on behalf of his master.&lt;/ref&gt; received a letter of authorization&lt;ref&gt; A letter of authorization (''baeja'' 牌子) was used to represent or act on another’s behalf in private affairs, business, or some other legal matter.&lt;/ref&gt; and sold his wife’s inherited property located at Lake Hyang in Gangneung: the 164th rice paddy of the ''gi''&lt;ref&gt;''Gi'' 豈 is the 157th character in the ''Qianzi wen'' 千字文 (''Thousand Character Classics''), which is used to refer to the location of the land.&lt;/ref&gt; land on Popyeong Plain, producing seven loads&lt;ref&gt; The character for “load” is bu 負 (“burden”) or bu 卜 (“Korean A-frame carrier”), which is the amount of crop yields that a man could carry on his back with the A-frame carrier. Korean land measurement for taxation also used a measure of productive capability (''gyeolbu'' 結負) expressed in surface area. See James B. Lewis, Frontier Contact Between Chosŏn Korea and Tokugawa Japan (London: RoutledegeCurzon, 2003), 30.&lt;/ref&gt; and a bundle&lt;ref&gt; The character for “bundle” is ''sok'' 束 (“bind”), which is the amount of rice plants. A handful of rice plants are called one pa 把 (“to grasp”). Ten handfuls (''pa'') of rice plants make one bundle (''sok'').&lt;/ref&gt; of grain; the 192nd rice paddy [of the ''gi'' land], producing seven loads and three bundles of grain; the 63rd rice paddy of the yang&lt;ref&gt; ''Yang'' 養 is the 156th character in the Qianzi wen.&lt;/ref&gt; land at Goma Valley, producing three loads of grain; [the 52nd rice paddy of the ''mo''&lt;ref&gt; ''Mo'' 慕 is the 162nd character.&lt;/ref&gt; land on Sanmak Plain]&lt;ref&gt; There is a circle drawn around this rice paddy in the original document, which meant to be deleted. It was not supposed to be sold.&lt;/ref&gt;; the 132nd rice paddy of the ''sang''&lt;ref&gt; ''Sang'' 傷 is the 160th character.&lt;/ref&gt; land on Geommulli Plain, producing eight loads and nine bundles of grain; the 40th farm field of the ''gi''&lt;ref&gt; ''Gi'' 豈 is the 157th character.&lt;/ref&gt; land, producing three loads and four bundles of grain; the 41st farm field [of the ''gi'' land], producing one load and two bundles of grain; the 44th farm field [of the gi land], producing one load and nine bundles of grain. In total, they are five ''seok''&lt;ref&gt; ''Seok'' 石 (''seom'' in vernacular Korean) refers to ''seomjigi'' 石落只, which is the amount of land on which one ''seom'' (180 liters) could be planted as seed. The size of land has varied at different regions. It is approximately 1500-3000 ''pyeong'' (4,950-9,900 square meters) for rice paddies and 1000 ''pyeong'' (3,300 square meters) for dry fields.&lt;/ref&gt; of rice paddy and one ''seok'' and ten ''durakji''&lt;ref&gt; ''Durakji'' 斗落只 or ''durak'' 斗落 (''majigi'' in vernacular Korean) is the amount of land on which one ''mal'' (18 liters) could be planted as seed. The size of land has varied in different regions. It is approximately 150-300 ''pyeong'' (495-990 square meters) for rice paddies and 100 ''pyeong'' (330 square meters) for dry fields. See James Palais, ''Confucian Statecraft and Korean Institutions'' (Seattle and London: University of Washington Press, 1996), 364.&lt;/ref&gt; of farm field. <br /> <br /> <br /> 折價錢文一百三十兩相約 依數捧上爲遣 右人上典前 永永放賣爲乎矣 本文記段 上典宅他田民幷付乙仍于 不得許給爲有 今年爲始鎭長耕食爲遣 幸日後良&lt;ref&gt; The character 中 is missed here. 良中, pronounced as ahi in ''idu'' reading, is a locative postposition, meaning “at.” The ''idu'' script is a writing system which uses Chinese graphs for the pronunciation and transcription of native Korean affixes, words, and sentences. This writing was used to clarify the meaning of legal documents written in literary Chinese. For further information, see Richard Rutt, “The Chinese Learning and Pleasures of a County Scholar,” Transactions of the Korea Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society 36, (April 1960): 16-21.&lt;/ref&gt; 或有上典主子孫族類 雜談隅是去乙等 持此文牌子告 官卞正印 <br /> <br /> 130 ''nyang'' of coin is agreed between us as a set price. I accept the amount and sell the property in perpetuity to [Jeongsan’s] master mentioned on the previous line. [However,] the original document&lt;ref&gt; This refers to the document of property distribution given to Mr. Song’s wife.&lt;/ref&gt; cannot be given because the record of my master’s other lands and slaves is also included in it. From this year on, you may cultivate crops for good. By any chance, should there be room for a dispute at a later date among my master’s children, take this document with the letter of authorization and report to the authorities for justice in this matter.<br /> <br /> <br /> 田畓主江陵奴李守鳳[手寸]<br /> <br /> The owner of the rice paddies and farm fields: Slave Yi Subong in Gangneung [Signature of Finger Joint]<br /> <br /> <br /> 證人 私奴金參孫[署押]<br /> <br /> Witness: Private Male Slave Kim Chamson [Signature]<br /> <br /> <br /> 筆執 幼學 金廷徽[署押]<br /> <br /> Scribe: Scholar&lt;ref&gt; The characters for a “scholar” are ''yuhak'' 幼學, which literally means a “young learner” who did not pass the civil service examination yet. JaHyun K. Haboush translates it into a “student scholar” (Haboush, The Confucian Kingship in Korea, 90) and Eugene Y. Park renders it into a “degreeless scholar.” (Park, Between Dreams and Reality, 41).&lt;/ref&gt; Kim Jeong-hwi [Signature]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> =='''Discussion Questions'''==<br /> #<br /> #<br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Further Readings'''==<br /> &lt;!--<br /> &lt;div style=&quot;color:#008080;&quot;&gt;<br /> * View together with '''~~'''.<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> --&gt;<br /> *<br /> *<br /> <br /> <br /> =='''References'''==<br /> &lt;references/&gt;<br /> <br /> =='''Translation'''==<br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> *Discussion Questions:<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:2018 Hanmun Summer Workshop]]<br /> [[Category:Advanced Translation Group]]</div>

Sanghoon Na http://dh.aks.ac.kr/jsg/index.php?title=(Translation)_%E4%B9%BE%E9%9A%86%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%94%E5%B9%B4%E5%BA%9A%E5%8D%88%E5%9B%9B%E6%9C%88%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%94%E6%97%A5_%E6%9D%8E%E5%A5%B4_%E4%B8%81%E5%B1%B1_%E6%98%8E%E6%96%87&diff=15632 2018-08-25T06:53:27Z

<p>Sanghoon Na: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Primary Source Document3<br /> |Image = 1750이노정산명문.jpg<br /> |English = Deed to Jeongsan, a slave of Yi [Naebeon], on the 15th day of the 4th month in 1750 <br /> |Chinese = 乾隆十五年庚午四月十五日 李奴 丁山 明文<br /> |Korean = 건륭십오년 경오 사월십오일 이노 정산 명문(''Geollyungsibonyeon gyeongo sawol siboil Ino Jeongsan Myeongmun'')<br /> |Genre = [[Historical Manuscripts]]<br /> |Type = Record<br /> |Author = Slave Yi Subong in Gangneung 江陵 奴 李守鳳<br /> |Year = 1750<br /> |Key Concepts= slave, deed, female's inherited property <br /> |Translator = [[2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced)#Participants | Participants of 2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced Translation Group)]]<br /> |Editor = Sanghoon Na<br /> |Translation Year = 2018<br /> <br /> }}<br /> [[File:Backward.png|right|40px|link=2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced)#Primary Sources for Korean Studies]]<br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Introduction'''==<br /> <br /> =='''Original Script'''==<br /> <br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;width:80%; font-size:110%; color:#002080; background-color:#ffffff;&quot;<br /> !style=&quot;width:40%;&quot;|Classical Chinese || style=&quot;width:60%;&quot;| English <br /> |-<br /> |<br /> 乾隆十五年庚午四月十五日李奴丁山前茂火明文<br /> <br /> 右明文爲臥乎事叱段吾矣 上典宅居在利川爲有爲乎爲 此亂歲切迫要用所致以妻邊衿<br /> <br /> 得爲有在江陵香湖伏在畓浦坪員豈字百六十四畓七卜一束 百九十二畓七卜三束古馬谷養字六十三畓<br /> 三卜<br /> <br /> 山幕員慕字五十二畓八卜二束<br /> <br /> 檢勿里員傷字百三十二畓八卜九束 果豈字四十田三卜四束四十一田一卜二束四十四田<br /> <br /> 一卜九束僉畓伍石田一石十斗落只庫乙 上典主 牌子導良放賣 爲有矣折價錢文一百三十兩相約<br /> <br /> 依數捧上爲遣右人 上典前永永放賣爲乎矣本文記段 上典宅他田民幷付乙仍于不得許給<br /> <br /> 爲有今年爲始鎭長耕食爲遣幸日後良或有 上典主子孫族類雜談隅是去乙<br /> <br /> 等持此文牌子告 官卞正印<br /> <br /> 田畓主江陵奴李守鳳[手寸]<br /> <br /> 證人 私奴金參孫[署押]<br /> <br /> 筆執 幼學 金廷徽[署押]<br /> <br /> ||<br /> (translation)<br /> <br /> III-2. 乾隆十五年庚午四月十五日 李奴丁山前茂火明文<br /> <br /> The bill of sale&lt;ref&gt; A bill of sale (''myeongmun'' 明文) was given to a buyer when a deal was concluded between two individuals privately before having a government’s warrant.&lt;/ref&gt; for Jeongsan, slave of Yi [Naebeon],&lt;ref&gt; Slave Jeongsan is carrying out this business for his master Yi Naebeon (1703-1781). The yangban literati considered it inappropriate to be involved in business transactions themselves during the Joseon period.&lt;/ref&gt; on the 15th day of the 4th month of the 15th year [1750] of Emperor Qianlong’s reign [1735-1796]<br /> <br /> <br /> 右明文爲臥乎事叱段 <br /> <br /> The purpose of the present bill of sale is as follows:&lt;ref&gt; The literal translation of this sentence would be “The bill of sale mentioned on the right is as follows.” There are two explanations on the usage of ''wu'' 右 (“right”): one is that it refers to the word “bill of sale” 明文 written vertically on the right side. The other is that it suggests the document placed in a ruler’s right side which he was supposed to deal with first. Thus, wu 右 means the present document, which is based on ''A Clear Distinction of Styles'' (''Wenti mingbian'' 文體明辨). See Kim Seong-gap, “Joseonsidae myeongmun e gwanhan munseohakjeok yeon-gu 朝鮮時代 明文에 관한 文書學的 硏究,” (Ph.D. Diss., The Graduate School of Korean Studies, 2009), 66-7.&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> <br /> 吾矣上典宅 居在利川 爲有如乎 如此亂歲切迫 要用所致以 妻邊衿得爲有 在江陵香湖伏在畓浦坪員 豈字百六十四畓 七卜一束 百九十二畓七卜三束 古馬谷養字六十三畓 三卜 [山幕員慕字五十二畓 八卜二束] 檢勿里員傷字百三十二畓八卜九束果 豈字四十田三卜四束 四十一田一卜二束 四十四田一卜九束 僉畓伍石 田一石 十斗落只庫乙 上典主牌子導良 放賣爲有矣<br /> <br /> My master [Mr. Song] lives in Icheon&lt;ref&gt; This is presumed to be Icheon in Gyeonggi province.&lt;/ref&gt; and the famine is so severe this year.&lt;ref&gt; This was a typical statement of contracts because it was forbidden for people to sell their inherited lands at their disposal in the Rank Land Law (''gwajeonbeop'' 科田法). However, in the sixth year of King Sejong’s reign, it was allowed in such urgent situations as providing for the funeral and burial of their parents, repaying their outstanding debts, or escaping from the grinding poverty. See ''Veritable Records of King Sejong'', Year 6 (1424), Month 3, Day 23, Entry 3. (available at http://esillok.history.go.kr/front/index.do). Thereafter, people usually started with plausible excuses when they wrote this kind of document.&lt;/ref&gt; Thus, out of sheer necessity, I&lt;ref&gt; This refers to Mr. Song’s male slave Yi Subong. He is carrying out this business on behalf of his master.&lt;/ref&gt; received a letter of authorization&lt;ref&gt; A letter of authorization (''baeja'' 牌子) was used to represent or act on another’s behalf in private affairs, business, or some other legal matter.&lt;/ref&gt; and sold his wife’s inherited property located at Lake Hyang in Gangneung: the 164th rice paddy of the ''gi''&lt;ref&gt;''Gi'' 豈 is the 157th character in the ''Qianzi wen'' 千字文 (''Thousand Character Classics''), which is used to refer to the location of the land.&lt;/ref&gt; land on Popyeong Plain, producing seven loads&lt;ref&gt; The character for “load” is bu 負 (“burden”) or bu 卜 (“Korean A-frame carrier”), which is the amount of crop yields that a man could carry on his back with the A-frame carrier. Korean land measurement for taxation also used a measure of productive capability (''gyeolbu'' 結負) expressed in surface area. See James B. Lewis, Frontier Contact Between Chosŏn Korea and Tokugawa Japan (London: RoutledegeCurzon, 2003), 30.&lt;/ref&gt; and a bundle&lt;ref&gt; The character for “bundle” is sok 束 (“bind”), which is the amount of rice plants. A handful of rice plants are called one pa 把 (“to grasp”). Ten handfuls (''pa'') of rice plants make one bundle (''sok'').&lt;/ref&gt; of grain; the 192nd rice paddy [of the ''gi'' land], producing seven loads and three bundles of grain; the 63rd rice paddy of the yang&lt;ref&gt; ''Yang'' 養 is the 156th character in the Qianzi wen.&lt;/ref&gt; land at Goma Valley, producing three loads of grain; [the 52nd rice paddy of the ''mo''&lt;ref&gt; ''Mo'' 慕 is the 162nd character.&lt;/ref&gt; land on Sanmak Plain]&lt;ref&gt; There is a circle drawn around this rice paddy in the original document, which meant to be deleted. It was not supposed to be sold.&lt;/ref&gt;; the 132nd rice paddy of the ''sang''&lt;ref&gt; ''Sang'' 傷 is the 160th character.&lt;/ref&gt; land on Geommulli Plain, producing eight loads and nine bundles of grain; the 40th farm field of the ''gi''&lt;ref&gt; ''Gi'' 豈 is the 157th character.&lt;/ref&gt; land, producing three loads and four bundles of grain; the 41st farm field [of the ''gi'' land], producing one load and two bundles of grain; the 44th farm field [of the gi land], producing one load and nine bundles of grain. In total, they are five ''seok''&lt;ref&gt; Seok 石 (''seom'' in vernacular Korean) refers to ''seomjigi'' 石落只, which is the amount of land on which one ''seom'' (180 liters) could be planted as seed. The size of land has varied at different regions. It is approximately 1500-3000 ''pyeong'' (4,950-9,900 square meters) for rice paddies and 1000 ''pyeong'' (3,300 square meters) for dry fields.&lt;/ref&gt; of rice paddy and one ''seok'' and ten ''durakji''&lt;ref&gt; ''Durakji'' 斗落只 or ''durak'' 斗落 (''majigi'' in vernacular Korean) is the amount of land on which one ''mal'' (18 liters) could be planted as seed. The size of land has varied in different regions. It is approximately 150-300 ''pyeong'' (495-990 square meters) for rice paddies and 100 ''pyeong'' (330 square meters) for dry fields. See James Palais, ''Confucian Statecraft and Korean Institutions'' (Seattle and London: University of Washington Press, 1996), 364.&lt;/ref&gt; of farm field. <br /> <br /> <br /> 折價錢文一百三十兩相約 依數捧上爲遣 右人上典前 永永放賣爲乎矣 本文記段 上典宅他田民幷付乙仍于 不得許給爲有 今年爲始鎭長耕食爲遣 幸日後良&lt;ref&gt; The character 中 is missed here. 良中, pronounced as ahi in ''idu'' reading, is a locative postposition, meaning “at.” The ''idu'' script is a writing system which uses Chinese graphs for the pronunciation and transcription of native Korean affixes, words, and sentences. This writing was used to clarify the meaning of legal documents written in literary Chinese. For further information, see Richard Rutt, “The Chinese Learning and Pleasures of a County Scholar,” Transactions of the Korea Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society 36, (April 1960): 16-21.&lt;/ref&gt; 或有上典主子孫族類 雜談隅是去乙等 持此文牌子告 官卞正印 <br /> <br /> 130 ''nyang'' of coin is agreed between us as a set price. I accept the amount and sell the property in perpetuity to [Jeongsan’s] master mentioned on the previous line. [However,] the original document&lt;ref&gt; This refers to the document of property distribution given to Mr. Song’s wife.&lt;/ref&gt; cannot be given because the record of my master’s other lands and slaves is also included in it. From this year on, you may cultivate crops for good. By any chance, should there be room for a dispute at a later date among my master’s children, take this document with the letter of authorization and report to the authorities for justice in this matter.<br /> <br /> <br /> 田畓主江陵奴李守鳳[手寸]<br /> <br /> The owner of the rice paddies and farm fields: Slave Yi Subong in Gangneung [Signature of Finger Joint]<br /> <br /> <br /> 證人 私奴金參孫[署押]<br /> <br /> Witness: Private Male Slave Kim Chamson [Signature]<br /> <br /> <br /> 筆執 幼學 金廷徽[署押]<br /> <br /> Scribe: Scholar&lt;ref&gt; The characters for a “scholar” are ''yuhak'' 幼學, which literally means a “young learner” who did not pass the civil service examination yet. JaHyun K. Haboush translates it into a “student scholar” (Haboush, The Confucian Kingship in Korea, 90) and Eugene Y. Park renders it into a “degreeless scholar.” (Park, Between Dreams and Reality, 41).&lt;/ref&gt; Kim Jeong-hwi [Signature]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> =='''Discussion Questions'''==<br /> #<br /> #<br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Further Readings'''==<br /> &lt;!--<br /> &lt;div style=&quot;color:#008080;&quot;&gt;<br /> * View together with '''~~'''.<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> --&gt;<br /> *<br /> *<br /> <br /> <br /> =='''References'''==<br /> &lt;references/&gt;<br /> <br /> =='''Translation'''==<br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> *Discussion Questions:<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:2018 Hanmun Summer Workshop]]<br /> [[Category:Advanced Translation Group]]</div>

Sanghoon Na http://dh.aks.ac.kr/jsg/index.php?title=(Translation)_%E5%BA%9A%E5%8D%88%E5%B9%B4_%E7%A7%81%E5%A5%B4_%E4%B8%81%E5%B1%B1_%E6%B1%9F%E9%99%B5%E5%A4%A7%E9%83%BD%E8%AD%B7%E5%BA%9C_%E7%AB%8B%E6%97%A8&diff=15631 2018-08-25T06:22:01Z

<p>Sanghoon Na: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Primary Source Document3<br /> |Image = 경오년사노정산입지.jpg<br /> |English = Abridged Certificate of Gangneung Special City for Slave Jeongsan in the ''gyeong-o'' year [1750]<br /> |Chinese = 庚午年 私奴 丁山 江陵大都護府 立旨<br /> |Korean = 경오년 사노 정산 강릉대도호부 입지(''Gyeongonyeon Sano Jeongsan Gangneung-daedohobu Ipji'')<br /> |Genre = [[Historical Manuscripts]]<br /> |Type = Record<br /> |Author = 私奴 丁山 <br /> |Year = 1750<br /> |Key Concepts= petition, certificate, slave, letter of authorization, evidence<br /> |Translator = [[2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced)#Participants | Participants of 2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced Translation Group)]]<br /> |Editor = Jaeyoon Song, Sanghoon Na<br /> |Translation Year = 2018<br /> <br /> }}<br /> [[File:Backward.png|right|40px|link=2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced)#Primary Sources for Korean Studies]]<br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Introduction'''==<br /> <br /> =='''Original Script'''==<br /> <br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;width:80%; font-size:110%; color:#002080; background-color:#ffffff;&quot;<br /> !style=&quot;width:40%;&quot;|Classical Chinese || style=&quot;width:60%;&quot;| English <br /> |-<br /> |<br /> 加南居私奴丁山[手寸]<br /> <br /> 右以陳所志矣段矣 上典利川居宋生員田畓庫乙買得爲居乎矣<br /> <br /> 奴子守鳳基矣上典宅牌子導良成明文許給爲乎矣他官遠地之<br /> <br /> 事乙此時人心或有雜談是白可如是明文牌子幷以粘連仰訴爲白去乎<br /> <br /> 後考次立旨及踏印成給事乙千萬祝手爲乎爲<br /> <br /> 行下　向敎　是事<br /> <br /> 大　都護府　處分[官押]<br /> <br /> 庚午五月日　所志<br /> <br /> [題辭]　後考次立旨成給<br /> <br /> 十七日[官印]<br /> <br /> <br /> ||<br /> <br /> III-1. 庚午年私奴丁山江陵大都護府立旨<br /> <br /> Abridged Certificate&lt;ref&gt; An abridged certificate is called ''ipji'' 立旨, while an unabridged one is ''iban'' 立案. This abridged certificate here was originally served as a petition at first. Once the petition was ratified by a government office, it became a certificate. Therefore, the same document can be both a petition and a certificate.&lt;/ref&gt; of Gangneung Special City for Slave Jeongsan in the ''gyeong-o'' year [1750]<br /> <br /> <br /> 加南居私奴丁山 [手寸]<br /> <br /> Private Male Slave Jeongsan residing in Ganam [Signature of Finger Joint]<br /> <br /> <br /> 右以陳所志矣段矣 <br /> <br /> The purpose of this petition is as follows: <br /> <br /> <br /> 上典利川居宋生員田畓庫乙買得爲居乎矣 奴子守鳳 其矣上典宅牌子導良 成明文許給爲乎矣 他官遠地之事乙 此時人心或有雜談是白可 如是明文牌子幷以粘連 仰訴爲白去乎 後考次立旨及踏印成給事乙 千萬祝手爲乎爲<br /> <br /> My master [Yi Naebeon] purchased farm fields and rice paddies from ''Saengwon''&lt;ref&gt; Saengwon 生員 was a scholar who passed the classics licentiate examination. The licentiate examinations were of two kinds; the classics licentiate examination (''saengwon-gwa'' 生員科) that examined candidates on the Four Books and Five Classics of China, and the literary licentiate examination (''jinsa-gwa'' 進士科) that tested skill in composing such Chinese literary forms as ''shi'' poetry (''shi'' 詩), rhyme-prose (''fu'' 賦), documentary prose (''biao'' 表), and the problem-essay (''ce'' 策). See Ki-baik Lee, ''A New History of Korea,'' trans. Edward W. Wagner (Seoul: Ilchokak, 1984), 180. &lt;/ref&gt; Song residing in Icheon. Based upon the letter of authorization given to his slave Subong by his master [Mr. Song], the agreement document was made. Since the matter occurred in another distant region [Gangneung], the people nowadays might make an issue out of it. Thus, by attaching the bill of sale with the letter of authorization together with this petition like this, I appeal to you to issue a sealed certificate in order to be used as evidence later. I beg you earnestly rubbing my hands ten thousand times. <br /> <br /> <br /> 行下向敎是事<br /> <br /> Please grant this petition.<br /> <br /> <br /> 大都護府 處分 [官押]<br /> <br /> Request for Approval of the Special City&lt;ref&gt; This special city (''daedohobu'' 大都護府) refers to Gangneung. In the late Joseon period, there were five special cities: Andong, Gangneung, Yeongheung, Yeongbyeon, and Changwon.&lt;/ref&gt; [Government’s Signature]&lt;ref&gt; The signature ''gwan'' 官 was engraved in wood first and then stamped on the document for the sake of convenience.&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> <br /> 庚午五月日　所志<br /> <br /> The petition submitted on a certain day&lt;ref&gt; According to Sim Yeong-hwan (Senior Researcher at the Jangseogak Archives of The Academy of Korean Studies), it was usual that the exact date was not filled in because the drafter did not know when the petition would be delivered after it was completed. According to Mun Sukja (Researcher at the SNU Law Research Institute), the documents of the late Joseon period tended to omit the date unlike those of the early- or mid-Joseon period. Mun Sukja, “Reading the Documents of Property Distribution” (lecture, The Academy of Korean Studies, Seongnam, Gyeonggi province, August 22, 2018).&lt;/ref&gt; of the fifth month of the ''gyeong-o'' year [1750]. <br /> <br /> <br /> [題辭]　後考次立旨成給<br /> <br /> [Official Decision] A certificate is issued in order to be used as evidence later.<br /> <br /> <br /> 十七日 [官印]<br /> <br /> On the seventeenth day [Government Seal]<br /> <br /> <br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> =='''Discussion Questions'''==<br /> #<br /> #<br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Further Readings'''==<br /> &lt;!--<br /> &lt;div style=&quot;color:#008080;&quot;&gt;<br /> * View together with '''~~'''.<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> --&gt;<br /> *<br /> *<br /> <br /> <br /> =='''References'''==<br /> &lt;references/&gt;<br /> <br /> =='''Translation'''==<br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> *Discussion Questions:<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:2018 Hanmun Summer Workshop]]<br /> [[Category:Advanced Translation Group]]</div>

Sanghoon Na http://dh.aks.ac.kr/jsg/index.php?title=(Translation)_%E5%BA%9A%E5%8D%88%E5%B9%B4_%E7%A7%81%E5%A5%B4_%E4%B8%81%E5%B1%B1_%E6%B1%9F%E9%99%B5%E5%A4%A7%E9%83%BD%E8%AD%B7%E5%BA%9C_%E7%AB%8B%E6%97%A8&diff=15630 2018-08-25T06:14:09Z

<p>Sanghoon Na: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Primary Source Document3<br /> |Image = 경오년사노정산입지.jpg<br /> |English = Abridged Certificate of Gangneung Special City for Slave Jeongsan in the ''gyeong-o'' year [1750]<br /> |Chinese = 庚午年 私奴 丁山 江陵大都護府 立旨<br /> |Korean = 경오년 사노 정산 강릉대도호부 입지(''Gyeongonyeon Sano Jeongsan Gangneung-daedohobu Ipji'')<br /> |Genre = [[Historical Manuscripts]]<br /> |Type = Record<br /> |Author = 私奴 丁山 <br /> |Year = 1750<br /> |Key Concepts= petition, certificate, slave, letter of authorization, evidence<br /> |Translator = [[2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced)#Participants | Participants of 2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced Translation Group)]]<br /> |Editor = Jaeyoon Song, Sanghoon Na<br /> |Translation Year = 2018<br /> <br /> }}<br /> [[File:Backward.png|right|40px|link=2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced)#Primary Sources for Korean Studies]]<br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Introduction'''==<br /> <br /> =='''Original Script'''==<br /> <br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;width:80%; font-size:110%; color:#002080; background-color:#ffffff;&quot;<br /> !style=&quot;width:40%;&quot;|Classical Chinese || style=&quot;width:60%;&quot;| English <br /> |-<br /> |<br /> 加南居私奴丁山[手寸]<br /> <br /> 右以陳所志矣段矣 上典利川居宋生員田畓庫乙買得爲居乎矣<br /> <br /> 奴子守鳳基矣上典宅牌子導良成明文許給爲乎矣他官遠地之<br /> <br /> 事乙此時人心或有雜談是白可如是明文牌子幷以粘連仰訴爲白去乎<br /> <br /> 後考次立旨及踏印成給事乙千萬祝手爲乎爲<br /> <br /> 行下　向敎　是事<br /> <br /> 大　都護府　處分[官押]<br /> <br /> 庚午五月日　所志<br /> <br /> [題辭]　後考次立旨成給<br /> <br /> 十七日[官印]<br /> <br /> <br /> ||<br /> <br /> III-1. 庚午年私奴丁山江陵大都護府立旨<br /> <br /> Abridged Certificate&lt;ref&gt; An abridged certificate is called ''ipji'' 立旨, while an unabridged one is ''iban'' 立案. This abridged certificate here was originally served as a petition at first. Once the petition was ratified by a government office, it became a certificate. Therefore, the same document can be both a petition and a certificate.&lt;/ref&gt; of Gangneung Special City for Slave Jeongsan in the ''gyeong-o'' year [1750]<br /> <br /> <br /> 加南居私奴丁山 [手寸]<br /> <br /> Private Male Slave Jeongsan residing in Ganam [Signature of Finger Joint]<br /> <br /> <br /> 右以陳所志矣段矣 <br /> <br /> The purpose of this petition is as follows: <br /> <br /> <br /> 上典利川居宋生員田畓庫乙買得爲居乎矣 奴子守鳳 其矣上典宅牌子導良 成明文許給爲乎矣 他官遠地之事乙 此時人心或有雜談是白可 如是明文牌子幷以粘連 仰訴爲白去乎 後考次立旨及踏印成給事乙 千萬祝手爲乎爲<br /> <br /> My master [Yi Naebeon] purchased farm fields and rice paddies from ''Saengwon''&lt;ref&gt; Saengwon 生員 was a scholar who passed the classics licentiate examination. The licentiate examinations were of two kinds; the classics licentiate examination (''saengwon-gwa'' 生員科) that examined candidates on the Four Books and Five Classics of China, and the literary licentiate examination (''jinsa-gwa'' 進士科) that tested skill in composing such Chinese literary forms as ''shi'' poetry (''shi'' 詩), rhyme-prose (''fu'' 賦), documentary prose (''biao'' 表), and the problem-essay (''ce'' 策). See Ki-baik Lee, ''A New History of Korea,'' trans. Edward W. Wagner (Seoul: Ilchokak, 1984), 180. &lt;/ref&gt; Song residing in Icheon. Based upon the letter of authorization given to his slave Subong by his master [Mr. Song], the agreement document was made. Since the matter occurred in another distant region [Gangneung], the people nowadays might make an issue out of it. Thus, by attaching the bill of sale with the letter of authorization together with this petition like this, I appeal to you to issue a sealed certificate in order to be used as evidence later. I beg you earnestly rubbing my hands ten thousand times. <br /> <br /> <br /> 行下向敎是事<br /> <br /> Please grant this petition.<br /> <br /> <br /> 大都護府 處分 [官押]<br /> <br /> Request for Approval of the Special City&lt;ref&gt; This special city (''daedohobu'' 大都護府) refers to Gangneung. In the late Joseon period, there were five special cities: Andong, Gangneung, Yeongheung, Yeongbyeon, and Changwon.&lt;/ref&gt; [Government’s Signature]&lt;ref&gt; The signature ''gwan'' 官 was engraved in wood first and then stamped on the document for the sake of convenience.&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> <br /> 庚午五月日　所志<br /> <br /> The petition submitted on a certain day&lt;ref&gt; According to Sim Yeong-hwan (Senior Researcher at the Jangseogak Archives of The Academy of Korean Studies), it was usual that the exact date was not recorded because the drafter did not know when the petition would be delivered after it was completed. According to Mun Sukja (Researcher at the SNU Law Research Institute), the documents of the late Joseon period tended to omit the date unlike those of the early- or mid-Joseon period. Mun Sukja interviewed by the translator, August 22, 2018.&lt;/ref&gt; of the fifth month of the ''gyeong-o'' year [1750]. <br /> <br /> <br /> [題辭]　後考次立旨成給<br /> <br /> [Official Decision] A certificate is issued in order to be used as evidence later.<br /> <br /> <br /> 十七日 [官印]<br /> <br /> On the seventeenth day [Government Seal]<br /> <br /> <br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> =='''Discussion Questions'''==<br /> #<br /> #<br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Further Readings'''==<br /> &lt;!--<br /> &lt;div style=&quot;color:#008080;&quot;&gt;<br /> * View together with '''~~'''.<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> --&gt;<br /> *<br /> *<br /> <br /> <br /> =='''References'''==<br /> &lt;references/&gt;<br /> <br /> =='''Translation'''==<br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> *Discussion Questions:<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:2018 Hanmun Summer Workshop]]<br /> [[Category:Advanced Translation Group]]</div>

Sanghoon Na http://dh.aks.ac.kr/jsg/index.php?title=(Translation)_%E5%BA%9A%E5%8D%88%E5%B9%B4_%E7%A7%81%E5%A5%B4_%E4%B8%81%E5%B1%B1_%E6%B1%9F%E9%99%B5%E5%A4%A7%E9%83%BD%E8%AD%B7%E5%BA%9C_%E7%AB%8B%E6%97%A8&diff=15629 2018-08-25T05:56:47Z

<p>Sanghoon Na: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Primary Source Document3<br /> |Image = 경오년사노정산입지.jpg<br /> |English = Abridged Certificate of Gangneung Special City for Slave Jeongsan in the ''gyeong-o'' year [1750]<br /> |Chinese = 庚午年 私奴 丁山 江陵大都護府 立旨<br /> |Korean = 경오년 사노 정산 강릉대도호부 입지(''Gyeongonyeon Sano Jeongsan Gangneung-daedohobu Ipji'')<br /> |Genre = [[Historical Manuscripts]]<br /> |Type = Record<br /> |Author = 私奴 丁山 <br /> |Year = 1750<br /> |Key Concepts= petition, certificate, slave, letter of authorization, evidence<br /> |Translator = [[2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced)#Participants | Participants of 2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced Translation Group)]]<br /> |Editor = Jaeyoon Song, Sanghoon Na<br /> |Translation Year = 2018<br /> <br /> }}<br /> [[File:Backward.png|right|40px|link=2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced)#Primary Sources for Korean Studies]]<br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Introduction'''==<br /> <br /> =='''Original Script'''==<br /> <br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;width:80%; font-size:110%; color:#002080; background-color:#ffffff;&quot;<br /> !style=&quot;width:40%;&quot;|Classical Chinese || style=&quot;width:60%;&quot;| English <br /> |-<br /> |<br /> 加南居私奴丁山[手寸]<br /> <br /> 右以陳所志矣段矣 上典利川居宋生員田畓庫乙買得爲居乎矣<br /> <br /> 奴子守鳳基矣上典宅牌子導良成明文許給爲乎矣他官遠地之<br /> <br /> 事乙此時人心或有雜談是白可如是明文牌子幷以粘連仰訴爲白去乎<br /> <br /> 後考次立旨及踏印成給事乙千萬祝手爲乎爲<br /> <br /> 行下　向敎　是事<br /> <br /> 大　都護府　處分[官押]<br /> <br /> 庚午五月日　所志<br /> <br /> [題辭]　後考次立旨成給<br /> <br /> 十七日[官印]<br /> <br /> <br /> ||<br /> <br /> III-1. 庚午年私奴丁山江陵大都護府立旨<br /> <br /> Abridged Certificate&lt;ref&gt; An abridged certificate is called ''ipji'' 立旨, while an unabridged one is ''iban'' 立案. This abridged certificate here was originally served as a petition at first. Once the petition was ratified by a government office, it became a certificate. Therefore, the same document can be both a petition and a certificate.&lt;/ref&gt; of Gangneung Special City for Slave Jeongsan in the ''gyeong-o'' year [1750]<br /> <br /> <br /> 加南居私奴丁山 [手寸]<br /> <br /> Private Male Slave Jeongsan residing in Ganam [Signature of Finger Joint]<br /> <br /> <br /> 右以陳所志矣段矣 <br /> <br /> The purpose of this petition is as follows: <br /> <br /> <br /> 上典利川居宋生員田畓庫乙買得爲居乎矣 奴子守鳳 其矣上典宅牌子導良 成明文許給爲乎矣 他官遠地之事乙 此時人心或有雜談是白可 如是明文牌子幷以粘連 仰訴爲白去乎 後考次立旨及踏印成給事乙 千萬祝手爲乎爲<br /> <br /> My master [Yi Naebeon] purchased farm fields and rice paddies from ''Saengwon''&lt;ref&gt; Saengwon 生員 was a scholar who passed the classics licentiate examination. The licentiate examinations were of two kinds; the classics licentiate examination (''saengwon-gwa'' 生員科) that examined candidates on the Four Books and Five Classics of China, and the literary licentiate examination (''jinsa-gwa'' 進士科) that tested skill in composing such Chinese literary forms as ''shi'' poetry (''shi'' 詩), rhyme-prose (''fu'' 賦), documentary prose (''biao'' 表), and the problem-essay (''ce'' 策). See Lee 1984, 180.&lt;/ref&gt; Song residing in Icheon. Based upon the letter of authorization given to his slave Subong by his master [Mr. Song], the agreement document was made. Since the matter occurred in another distant region [Gangneung], the people nowadays might make an issue out of it. Thus, by attaching the bill of sale with the letter of authorization together with this petition like this, I appeal to you to issue a sealed certificate in order to be used as evidence later. I beg you earnestly rubbing my hands ten thousand times. <br /> <br /> <br /> 行下向敎是事<br /> <br /> Please grant this petition.<br /> <br /> <br /> 大都護府 處分 [官押]<br /> <br /> Request for Approval of the Special City&lt;ref&gt; This special city (''daedohobu'' 大都護府) refers to Gangneung. In the late Joseon period, there were five special cities: Andong, Gangneung, Yeongheung, Yeongbyeon, and Changwon.&lt;/ref&gt; [Government’s Signature]&lt;ref&gt; The signature ''gwan'' 官 was engraved in wood first and then stamped on the document for the sake of convenience.&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> <br /> 庚午五月日　所志<br /> <br /> The petition submitted on a certain day&lt;ref&gt; According to Sim Yeong-hwan (Senior Researcher at the Jangseogak Archives of The Academy of Korean Studies), it was usual that the exact date was not recorded because the drafter did not know when the petition would be delivered after it was completed. According to Mun Sukja (Researcher at the SNU Law Research Institute), the documents of the late Joseon period tended to omit the date unlike those of the early- or mid-Joseon period. Mun Sukja interviewed by the translator, August 22, 2018.&lt;/ref&gt; of the fifth month of the ''gyeong-o'' year [1750]. <br /> <br /> <br /> [題辭]　後考次立旨成給<br /> <br /> [Official Decision] A certificate is issued in order to be used as evidence later.<br /> <br /> <br /> 十七日 [官印]<br /> <br /> On the seventeenth day [Government Seal]<br /> <br /> <br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> =='''Discussion Questions'''==<br /> #<br /> #<br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Further Readings'''==<br /> &lt;!--<br /> &lt;div style=&quot;color:#008080;&quot;&gt;<br /> * View together with '''~~'''.<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> --&gt;<br /> *<br /> *<br /> <br /> <br /> =='''References'''==<br /> &lt;references/&gt;<br /> <br /> =='''Translation'''==<br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> *Discussion Questions:<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:2018 Hanmun Summer Workshop]]<br /> [[Category:Advanced Translation Group]]</div>

Sanghoon Na http://dh.aks.ac.kr/jsg/index.php?title=(Translation)_%E5%BA%9A%E5%8D%88%E5%B9%B4_%E7%A7%81%E5%A5%B4_%E4%B8%81%E5%B1%B1_%E6%B1%9F%E9%99%B5%E5%A4%A7%E9%83%BD%E8%AD%B7%E5%BA%9C_%E7%AB%8B%E6%97%A8&diff=15628 2018-08-25T05:51:11Z

<p>Sanghoon Na: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Primary Source Document3<br /> |Image = 경오년사노정산입지.jpg<br /> |English = Certificate of Gangneung Special City for Slave Jeongsan in 1750<br /> |Chinese = 庚午年 私奴 丁山 江陵大都護府 立旨<br /> |Korean = 경오년 사노 정산 강릉대도호부 입지(''Gyeongonyeon Sano Jeongsan Gangneung-daedohobu Ipji'')<br /> |Genre = [[Historical Manuscripts]]<br /> |Type = Record<br /> |Author = 私奴 丁山 <br /> |Year = 1750<br /> |Key Concepts= petition, carte blanche, deed, testification<br /> |Translator = [[2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced)#Participants | Participants of 2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced Translation Group)]]<br /> |Editor = Jaeyoon Song, Sanghoon Na<br /> |Translation Year = 2018<br /> <br /> }}<br /> [[File:Backward.png|right|40px|link=2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced)#Primary Sources for Korean Studies]]<br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Introduction'''==<br /> <br /> =='''Original Script'''==<br /> <br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;width:80%; font-size:110%; color:#002080; background-color:#ffffff;&quot;<br /> !style=&quot;width:40%;&quot;|Classical Chinese || style=&quot;width:60%;&quot;| English <br /> |-<br /> |<br /> 加南居私奴丁山[手寸]<br /> <br /> 右以陳所志矣段矣 上典利川居宋生員田畓庫乙買得爲居乎矣<br /> <br /> 奴子守鳳基矣上典宅牌子導良成明文許給爲乎矣他官遠地之<br /> <br /> 事乙此時人心或有雜談是白可如是明文牌子幷以粘連仰訴爲白去乎<br /> <br /> 後考次立旨及踏印成給事乙千萬祝手爲乎爲<br /> <br /> 行下　向敎　是事<br /> <br /> 大　都護府　處分[官押]<br /> <br /> 庚午五月日　所志<br /> <br /> [題辭]　後考次立旨成給<br /> <br /> 十七日[官印]<br /> <br /> <br /> ||<br /> <br /> III-1. 庚午年私奴丁山江陵大都護府立旨<br /> <br /> Abridged Certificate&lt;ref&gt; An abridged certificate is called ''ipji'' 立旨, while an unabridged one is ''iban'' 立案. This abridged certificate here was originally served as a petition at first. Once the petition was ratified by a government office, it became a certificate. Therefore, the same document can be both a petition and a certificate.&lt;/ref&gt; of Gangneung Special City for Slave Jeongsan in the ''gyeong-o'' year [1750]<br /> <br /> <br /> 加南居私奴丁山 [手寸]<br /> <br /> Private Male Slave Jeongsan residing in Ganam [Signature of Finger Joint]<br /> <br /> <br /> 右以陳所志矣段矣 <br /> <br /> The purpose of this petition is as follows: <br /> <br /> <br /> 上典利川居宋生員田畓庫乙買得爲居乎矣 奴子守鳳 其矣上典宅牌子導良 成明文許給爲乎矣 他官遠地之事乙 此時人心或有雜談是白可 如是明文牌子幷以粘連 仰訴爲白去乎 後考次立旨及踏印成給事乙 千萬祝手爲乎爲<br /> <br /> My master [Yi Naebeon] purchased farm fields and rice paddies from ''Saengwon''&lt;ref&gt; Saengwon 生員 was a scholar who passed the classics licentiate examination. The licentiate examinations were of two kinds; the classics licentiate examination (''saengwon-gwa'' 生員科) that examined candidates on the Four Books and Five Classics of China, and the literary licentiate examination (''jinsa-gwa'' 進士科) that tested skill in composing such Chinese literary forms as ''shi'' poetry (''shi'' 詩), rhyme-prose (''fu'' 賦), documentary prose (''biao'' 表), and the problem-essay (''ce'' 策). See Lee 1984, 180.&lt;/ref&gt; Song residing in Icheon. Based upon the letter of authorization given to his slave Subong by his master [Mr. Song], the agreement document was made. Since the matter occurred in another distant region [Gangneung], the people nowadays might make an issue out of it. Thus, by attaching the agreement document with the letter of authorization together with this petition like this, I appeal to you to issue a sealed certificate in order to be used as evidence later. I beg you earnestly rubbing my hands ten thousand times. <br /> <br /> <br /> 行下向敎是事<br /> <br /> Please grant this petition.<br /> <br /> <br /> 大都護府 處分 [官押]<br /> <br /> Request for Approval of the Special City&lt;ref&gt; This special city (''daedohobu'' 大都護府) refers to Gangneung. In the late Joseon period, there were five special cities: Andong, Gangneung, Yeongheung, Yeongbyeon, and Changwon.&lt;/ref&gt; [Government’s Signature]&lt;ref&gt; The signature ''gwan'' 官 was engraved in wood first and then stamped on the document for the sake of convenience.&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> <br /> 庚午五月日　所志<br /> <br /> The petition submitted on a certain day&lt;ref&gt; According to Sim Yeong-hwan (Senior Researcher at the Jangseogak Archives of The Academy of Korean Studies), it was usual that the exact date was not recorded because the drafter did not know when the petition would be delivered after it was completed. According to Mun Sukja (Researcher at the SNU Law Research Institute), the documents of the late Joseon period tended to omit the date unlike those of the early- or mid-Joseon period. Mun Sukja interviewed by the translator, August 22, 2018.&lt;/ref&gt; of the fifth month of the ''gyeong-o'' year [1750]. <br /> <br /> <br /> [題辭]　後考次立旨成給<br /> <br /> [Official Decision] A certificate is issued in order to be used as evidence later.<br /> <br /> <br /> 十七日 [官印]<br /> <br /> On the seventeenth day [Government Seal]<br /> <br /> <br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> =='''Discussion Questions'''==<br /> #<br /> #<br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Further Readings'''==<br /> &lt;!--<br /> &lt;div style=&quot;color:#008080;&quot;&gt;<br /> * View together with '''~~'''.<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> --&gt;<br /> *<br /> *<br /> <br /> <br /> =='''References'''==<br /> &lt;references/&gt;<br /> <br /> =='''Translation'''==<br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> *Discussion Questions:<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:2018 Hanmun Summer Workshop]]<br /> [[Category:Advanced Translation Group]]</div>

Sanghoon Na http://dh.aks.ac.kr/jsg/index.php?title=(Translation)_%E5%BA%9A%E5%8D%88%E5%B9%B4_%E7%A7%81%E5%A5%B4_%E4%B8%81%E5%B1%B1_%E6%B1%9F%E9%99%B5%E5%A4%A7%E9%83%BD%E8%AD%B7%E5%BA%9C_%E7%AB%8B%E6%97%A8&diff=15526 2018-08-20T09:15:46Z

<p>Sanghoon Na: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Primary Source Document3<br /> |Image = 경오년사노정산입지.jpg<br /> |English = Certificate of Gangneung Special City for Slave Jeongsan in 1750<br /> |Chinese = 庚午年 私奴 丁山 江陵大都護府 立旨<br /> |Korean = 경오년 사노 정산 강릉대도호부 입지(''Gyeongonyeon Sano Jeongsan Gangneung-daedohobu Ipji'')<br /> |Genre = [[Historical Manuscripts]]<br /> |Type = Record<br /> |Author = 私奴 丁山 <br /> |Year = 1750<br /> |Key Concepts= petition, carte blanche, deed, testification<br /> |Translator = [[2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced)#Participants | Participants of 2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced Translation Group)]]<br /> |Editor = Jaeyoon Song, Sanghoon Na<br /> |Translation Year = 2018<br /> <br /> }}<br /> [[File:Backward.png|right|40px|link=2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced)#Primary Sources for Korean Studies]]<br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Introduction'''==<br /> <br /> =='''Original Script'''==<br /> <br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;width:80%; font-size:110%; color:#002080; background-color:#ffffff;&quot;<br /> !style=&quot;width:40%;&quot;|Classical Chinese || style=&quot;width:60%;&quot;| English <br /> |-<br /> |<br /> 加南居私奴丁山[手寸]<br /> <br /> 右以陳所志矣段矣 上典利川居宋生員田畓庫乙買得爲居乎矣<br /> <br /> 奴子守鳳基矣上典宅牌子導良成明文許給爲乎矣他官遠地之<br /> <br /> 事乙此時人心或有雜談是白可如是明文牌子幷以粘連仰訴爲白去乎<br /> <br /> 後考次立旨及踏印成給事乙千萬祝手爲乎爲<br /> <br /> 行下　向敎　是事<br /> <br /> 大　都護府　處分[官押]<br /> <br /> 庚午五月日　所志<br /> <br /> [題辭]　後考次立旨成給<br /> <br /> 十七日[官印]<br /> <br /> <br /> ||<br /> <br /> 加南居私奴丁山 [手寸]<br /> <br /> Private Slave Jeongsan residing in Ganam [Signature of Finger Joint]<br /> <br /> <br /> 右以陳所志矣段矣 <br /> <br /> The purpose of this petition is as follows: <br /> <br /> <br /> 上典利川居宋生員田畓庫乙買得爲居乎矣<br /> <br /> Master Song, classics licentiate residing in Icheon, purchased farming fields and rice paddies. <br /> <br /> <br /> 奴子守鳳 其矣上典宅牌子導良 成明文許給爲乎矣<br /> <br /> Based upon the carte blanche given to his slave Subong by his master, the deed was issued. <br /> <br /> <br /> 他官遠地之事乙 此時人心或有雜談是白可 <br /> <br /> Since this took place in another region far away, the people of these days might make an issue out of it. <br /> <br /> <br /> 如是明文牌子幷以粘連 仰訴爲白去乎 後考次立旨及踏印成給事乙 千萬祝手爲乎爲<br /> <br /> Therefore, by attaching the deed and the carte blanche together like this, I appeal to you to issue a sealed certificate in order to testify to this later. I beg you by rubbing my hands ten thousand times. <br /> <br /> <br /> 行下 向敎 是事<br /> <br /> Please provide your approval below.<br /> <br /> <br /> 大都護府 處分 [官押]<br /> <br /> Magistrate of Special City’s Approval [Official Signature]<br /> <br /> <br /> 庚午五月日　所志<br /> The petition on a certain day of the fifth month of the gyeong’o year. <br /> <br /> <br /> [題辭]　後考次立旨成給<br /> <br /> [Ruling] A certificate is issued in order to testify to this matter later.<br /> <br /> <br /> 十七日 [官印]<br /> <br /> On the seventeenth day [Government Stamp]<br /> <br /> <br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> =='''Discussion Questions'''==<br /> #<br /> #<br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Further Readings'''==<br /> &lt;!--<br /> &lt;div style=&quot;color:#008080;&quot;&gt;<br /> * View together with '''~~'''.<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> --&gt;<br /> *<br /> *<br /> <br /> <br /> =='''References'''==<br /> &lt;references/&gt;<br /> <br /> =='''Translation'''==<br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> *Discussion Questions:<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:2018 Hanmun Summer Workshop]]<br /> [[Category:Advanced Translation Group]]</div>

Sanghoon Na http://dh.aks.ac.kr/jsg/index.php?title=(Translation)_%E6%B5%B7%E5%8D%97%E5%B0%B9%E6%B0%8F_%E5%9C%9F%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%B7%E8%B3%A3_%E7%AB%8B%E6%A1%88&diff=15525 2018-08-12T07:00:09Z

<p>Sanghoon Na: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Primary Source Document3<br /> |Image = 1682호비월매토지매매명문등.jpg<br /> |English = 1683 Official Permit of Haenam Prefecture<br /> |Chinese = [http://archive.aks.ac.kr/imageViewer/ImageViewer.aspx?datauci=G002+AKS+KSM-XD.1683.4682-20101008.B003a_003_00409_001&amp;refuci=G002+AKS+KSM-XD.1683.0000-20101008.B003a_003_00409_003&amp;fname=G002+AKS+KSM-XD.1683.4682-20101008.B003a_003_00409_001-IMG.001.jpg&amp;closed=true 海南尹氏 土地買賣 立案]<br /> |Korean = 해남윤씨 토지매매입안(Haenam Yunssi Tojimaemae Iban)<br /> |Genre = [[Historical Manuscripts]]<br /> |Type = Transfer deed <br /> |Author = Tami <br /> |Year = 1683<br /> |Key Concepts= transfer deed, official permit, slaves<br /> |Translator = [[2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced)#Participants | Participants of 2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced Translation Group)]]<br /> |Editor = Sanghoon Na<br /> |Translation Year = 2018<br /> <br /> }}<br /> [[File:Backward.png|right|40px|link=2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced)#Primary Sources for Korean Studies]]<br /> &lt;gallery&gt;<br /> 파일:1683해남현입지.jpg |link=(Translation) 海南尹氏 土地買賣 立案|III-6-1. 1683年 海南縣 立旨 해남현 입지('' Haenamhyeon Ipji'')<br /> 파일:1682호비월매토지매매명문.jpg |link=(Translation) 海南尹氏 土地買賣 立案|III-6-2. 1682年 戶婢 月梅 土地賣買明文 호비 월매 토지매매명문(''Toji-maemae-myeongmun'')<br /> 파일:1683사노담이초사.jpg |link=(Translation) 海南尹氏 土地買賣 立案|III-6-3. 1683년 私奴 淡伊 招辭 사노 담이 초사(''Sano Dami Chosa'')<br /> 파일:1683사노석벽초사.jpg |link=(Translation) 海南尹氏 土地買賣 立案|III-6-4. 1683년 私奴 石碧 招辭 사노 석벽 초사(''Sano Seokbyeong Chosa'')<br /> 파일:1683호비월매입안.jpg |link=(Translation) 海南尹氏 土地買賣 立案|III-6-5. 1683年 戶婢 月梅 立案 호비 월매 입안(''Hobi Wolmae Iban'')<br /> &lt;/gallery&gt;<br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Introduction'''==<br /> <br /> 1683년 해남현(海南縣) 입지(立旨)<br /> <br /> <br /> http://archive.aks.ac.kr/Inspection/insDirView.aspx?dataUCI=G002+AKS+KSM-XD.1683.4682-20101008.B003a_003_00409_001<br /> <br /> <br /> 1682년(肅宗8)에 私奴 淡伊가 幼學 李必晟의 戶婢 月梅에게 畓 9마지기를 放賣하면서 작성한 明文.<br /> <br /> <br /> 주제<br /> 1682년(肅宗8)에 사노 담이가 畓 3마지기를 유학 이필성의 호비 월매에게 正租 10石을 받고 팔면서 써준 明文이다. 正租는 벼를 말한다. 매매 대상인 토지는 花山一道面 大路越員에 있는 若字 畓 3마지기인데, 이는 세 배미[夜味]로 이루어진 9마지기의 일부분으로서, 東邊의 한 배미이며, 卜數로는 10卜 3束이다. 배미[夜味]는 하나의 논두렁으로 구획된 畓 한 개를 헤아릴 때 쓰는 말이다. 따라서 이는 면적의 광협과는 상관이 없는 말이다. 員은 전답이 소재하는 들판을 이른다. 이 명문의 작성에는 畓主 이외에, 證人으로는 사노 石碧이, 證人 및 保人으로는 內奴 處日이, 筆執으로는 진득창이 각각 참여하였다. 內奴는 內需司에 소속된 종이다. 이 명문에는 증인, 보인, 필집이 각각 이 매매의 내용이 진실함을 진술한 招辭가 붙어 있으며, 官에서는 이를 기초로 이듬해인 1683년(肅宗9)에 이 매매 사실을 확인해주는 立案을 발급하였다.<br /> <br /> <br /> 용어<br /> 마지기(斗落只)는 파종량을 기준으로 한 전답의 면적 단위이다. 1마지기는 한 말[斗]의 씨앗을 파종할 수 있는 면적인데, 대개 토질에 따라 그 면적의 크기에 다소 차이가 있다. 卜數는 소출량에 근거한 租稅 單位이며, 負數로도 쓴다. 1負는 타작하기 전의 볏단 한 짐의 분량이다.<br /> <br /> =='''Original Script'''==<br /> <br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; background-color:#ffffff;&quot;<br /> !style=&quot;width:25%;&quot;|Image || style=&quot;width:25%;&quot;|Text || style=&quot;width:50%;&quot;| Translation<br /> |-<br /> | [[File:1683해남현입지.jpg |border|1683해남현입지|400px]]<br /> ||<br /> 花山面居幼學李必晟戶婢月梅<br /> <br /> 右謹陳所志矣段婢矣上典主敎是縣居私奴<br /> <br /> 淡伊處花山一道大路越員若字畓參斗<br /> <br /> 落只庫乙上年分買得未及官斜爲白有等<br /> <br /> 以敢此呼訴爲白去乎依例斜給行下爲白只爲<br /> <br /> 行下向敎是事<br /> <br /> 官司主處分<br /> <br /> 癸亥三月 日所志<br /> <br /> 官[押]<br /> <br /> [題辭]依願斜給向事 初五<br /> ||<br /> (translation)<br /> <br /> 花山面居幼學李必晟戶婢月梅<br /> <br /> To Wŏlmae, a female slave of Yi P’ilsŏng who is a scholar&lt;ref&gt; The Chinese characters for scholar are 幼學, which specifically refers to a scholar who did not pass the state examination.&lt;/ref&gt; residing in a town in Hwasan.&lt;ref&gt; Hwasan is located modern Chŏnju in North Chŏlla province.&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> <br /> 右謹陳所志矣段 <br /> <br /> The petition mentioned on the right is as follows: <br /> <br /> <br /> 婢矣上典主敎是 縣居私奴淡伊處 花山一道 大路越員 若字畓 參斗落只庫乙 上年分買得 <br /> <br /> My master ordered his male slave Tami, living in the prefecture, to sell three ''turakchi'' of 283rd paddy&lt;ref&gt;The Chinese characters for 283rd paddy are 若字畓 (paddy of character ''yak''). ''Yak'' 若 is the 283rd character in the ''Thousand Character Classic''千字文.&lt;/ref&gt; in Taerowŏl plain of Hwasan county last year. <br /> <br /> <br /> 未及官斜爲白有等以 敢此呼訴爲白去乎 <br /> <br /> However, the government official did not issue the certificate yet, therefore I humbly ask for it. <br /> <br /> <br /> 依例斜給行下爲白只爲 行下向敎是事<br /> <br /> According to a precedent, please grant me the certificate. <br /> <br /> <br /> 官司主處分 <br /> <br /> At the government officer's disposal<br /> <br /> <br /> 癸亥三月 日所志<br /> <br /> Petition in the third month of the year ''kyehae''<br /> <br /> <br /> 官(押) <br /> <br /> Government seal<br /> <br /> <br /> [題辭]依願斜給向事 初五<br /> <br /> Government grants your wish on the fifth day. <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> |-<br /> | [[File:1682호비월매토지매매명문.jpg |border|1682호비월매토지매매명문|400px]]<br /> ||<br /> 康熙貳拾壹年壬戌十二月初八日戶婢月梅處<br /> <br /> 明文<br /> <br /> 右明文爲臥乎事段矣身許多食口連<br /> <br /> 値㐫荒生利爲難乙仍于勢不得已花<br /> <br /> 山一道面大路越員伏在若字畓玖斗落只<br /> <br /> 參夜味內東邊參斗落只壹夜味負數拾<br /> <br /> 負參束庫乙正租拾石以交易依數捧上<br /> <br /> 爲遣同婢處永永放賣爲去乎後此同<br /> <br /> 生子息姪子中生謀雜談爲去等此<br /> <br /> 文記告官卞正事<br /> <br /> 畓主私奴淡伊[左寸]<br /> <br /> 證人同姓姪子私奴石碧[左寸]<br /> <br /> 證保內奴處日[左寸]<br /> <br /> 筆執正兵陳得昌[署押]<br /> ||<br /> (translation)<br /> <br /> 康熙貳拾壹年壬戌十二月初八日 戶婢月梅處明文<br /> <br /> Document of Exchange Agreements to House Slave Wŏlmae on the 8th day of the 12th month of the 20th year [1682] of Emperor Kangxi’s reign [1661-1722]<br /> <br /> <br /> 右明文爲臥乎事段 矣身許多食口 連値㐫荒 生利爲難乙仍于 <br /> <br /> The document mentioned on the right is as follows: Since I have many people in my family and keep encountering a series of severe famine, it is difficult to find the way to live on. <br /> <br /> <br /> 勢不得已 花山一道面 大路越員伏在 若字畓玖斗落只 參夜味內東邊參斗落只 壹夜味負數拾負參束庫乙 正租拾石以交易 <br /> <br /> So in this situation, I have no other choice but to exchange a strip of paddy with ten ''sŏk'' of rice. The paddy produces ten loads and three handfuls of grains and is three ''turakchi'' on the east side of three strips of paddy among nine ''turakchi'' of 283rd paddy on Taerowŏl plain of Hwasan county. <br /> <br /> <br /> 依數捧上爲遣 同婢處永永放賣爲去乎 <br /> <br /> I take the amount and sell over the property to the same slave [Wŏlmae] in perpetuity. <br /> <br /> <br /> 後此同生子息姪子中 生謀雜談爲去等 此文記告官卞正事 <br /> <br /> Should there be a dispute at a later date among her siblings and nephews, take this document and report to the authorities for justice to this matter.<br /> <br /> <br /> 畓主 私奴 淡伊 (左寸) <br /> <br /> 證人 同姓姪子私奴 石碧(左寸) <br /> <br /> 證保 內奴 處日 (左寸) <br /> <br /> 筆執 正兵 陳得昌 (手決)<br /> <br /> Paddy Owner: Private Male Slave, Tami [Signature of Left Index Finger Joint]<br /> <br /> Witness: Paternal Nephew’s Male Slave, Sŏkbyŏk [Signature of Left Index Finger Joint]<br /> <br /> Guarantor: Male Slave of the Palace Supply Bureau, Chŏil [Signature of Left Index Finger Joint]<br /> <br /> Scribe: Conscript Soldier, Chin Tŭkch’ang [Signature] <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> |-<br /> | [[File:1683사노담이초사.jpg |border|1683사노담이초사|400px]]<br /> ||<br /> 癸亥三月初八日畓主私奴<br /> <br /> 淡伊年<br /> <br /> 白等矣身亦生利爲難<br /> <br /> 仍于資生次花山一道面大<br /> <br /> 路越員伏在若字畓九<br /> <br /> 斗落只參夜味內東邊<br /> <br /> 三斗落只一夜味庫乙<br /> <br /> 正租十石以折價捧上爲白遣<br /> <br /> 上項幼學李必晟戶婢月<br /> <br /> 梅處永永放賣的實爲白置相<br /> <br /> 考施行<br /> <br /> 白<br /> <br /> 官[押]<br /> ||<br /> (translation)<br /> <br /> 癸亥三月初八日 <br /> <br /> On the eighth day of the third month of the year ''kyehye'', <br /> <br /> <br /> 畓主私奴淡伊年 白等矣身亦 生利爲難仍于 <br /> <br /> I, Tami, as the paddy owner and private male slave, report that I have a hard time making a living. <br /> <br /> <br /> 資生次 花山一道面 大路越員伏在 若字畓九斗落只 參夜味內東邊三斗落只 一夜味庫乙 正租十石以 折價捧上爲白遣<br /> <br /> In order to survive, I set the price of a strip of paddy which is three ''turakchi'' on the east side of three strips of paddy among nine ''turakchi'' of 283rd paddy on Taerowŏl plain of Hwasan county. Ten ''sŏk'' of rice was the price and it was paid. <br /> <br /> <br /> 上項幼學李必晟戶婢月梅處 永永放賣的實爲白置 <br /> <br /> It is certainly true that the property was sold over in perpetuity to Wŏlmae, the above-mentioned scholar Yi P’ilsŏng’s female slave. <br /> <br /> <br /> 相考施行 <br /> <br /> Please consider this and put it into effect. <br /> <br /> <br /> 官(押)<br /> <br /> Government Office [Seal]<br /> <br /> <br /> |-<br /> | [[File:1683사노석벽초사.jpg |border|1683사노석벽초사|400px]]<br /> ||<br /> 同日 證人私奴石碧年<br /> <br /> 證保內奴處日年<br /> <br /> 筆執正兵陳得昌年<br /> <br /> 白等奴淡伊亦生利爲難其矣<br /> <br /> 畓庫是在花山一道面大路越員伏<br /> <br /> 在若字畓三斗落只一夜味庫乙<br /> <br /> 價正租拾石以交易捧上爲遣<br /> <br /> 前項幼學李必晟戶婢月梅<br /> <br /> 處永永放賣時叅訂的實<br /> <br /> 爲白置相考施行<br /> <br /> 白[左寸]<br /> <br /> 白[左寸]<br /> <br /> 白[左寸]<br /> <br /> 白[署押]<br /> <br /> 官[押]<br /> <br /> ||<br /> (translation)<br /> <br /> 同日 證人私奴石碧年 證保內奴處日年 筆執正兵陳得昌年 白等奴淡伊亦生利爲難<br /> <br /> On the same day, Witness Sŏkbyŏk who is a private slave, Guarantor Chŏil who is a slave of the Palace Supply Bureau, and Scribe Chin Tŭkch’ang who is a conscript soldier, report that Tami, a male slave, had a hard time making a living. <br /> <br /> <br /> 其矣畓庫是在 花山一道面 大路越員伏在 若字畓三斗落只 一夜味庫乙 價正租拾石 以交易捧上爲遣<br /> <br /> His paddy is located at Taerowŏl plain in Hwasan county and is a strip of paddy field which is three ''turakchi'' of 283rd paddy. Its price is ten ''sŏk'' of rice and it is paid with the price. <br /> <br /> <br /> 前項幼學李必晟戶婢月梅處 永永放賣時 叅訂的實爲白置 相考施行<br /> <br /> It is proved true that the property is sold over in perpetuity to Wŏlmae, female slave of the previously mentioned scholar Yi P’ilsŏng’s house and thus consider this and put it into effect.<br /> <br /> <br /> 白[左寸]<br /> <br /> Witness [Signature of Left Index Finger Joint]<br /> <br /> <br /> 白[左寸]<br /> <br /> Witness [Signature of Left Index Finger Joint]<br /> <br /> <br /> 白[左寸]<br /> <br /> Witness [Signature of Left Index Finger Joint]<br /> <br /> <br /> 白[署押]<br /> <br /> Witness [Signature]<br /> <br /> <br /> 官[押]<br /> <br /> Government Office [Seal]<br /> <br /> <br /> |-<br /> | [[File:1683호비월매입안.jpg |border|1683호비월매입안|400px]]<br /> ||<br /> 康熙二十二年三月日海南縣立案<br /> <br /> 右立案爲後考事粘連詳狀據<br /> <br /> 叅訂各人等招辭是置有亦上項<br /> <br /> 幼學李必晟戶婢月梅亦私奴<br /> <br /> 淡伊處花山一道面大道越員伏<br /> <br /> 在若字畓三斗落只庫乙買得<br /> <br /> 的實爲乎等以葉作官上爲<br /> <br /> 遣以憑後考次合行立案者<br /> <br /> 縣監[管押]<br /> ||<br /> (translation)<br /> <br /> 康熙二十二年三月日海南縣立案<br /> <br /> Official Permit of Haenam Prefecture in the third month of the 24th [1684] year of Emperor Kangxi’s reign [1661-1722]. <br /> <br /> <br /> 右立案爲後考事 粘連詳狀據 <br /> <br /> The official permit mentioned on the right is to attach the details. <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 叅訂各人等 招辭是置有亦<br /> <br /> Since each of the witnesses proved in the document <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 上項幼學李必晟戶婢月梅亦 私奴淡伊處 花山一道面 大道越員伏在 若字畓三斗落只庫乙買得 的實爲乎等 <br /> <br /> that it is certainly true for Wŏlmae, the above-mentioned scholar Yi P’ilsŏng’s female slave to have bought three ''turakchi'' of 283rd paddy at Taerowŏl plain in Hwasan county from Tami, a private male slave. <br /> <br /> <br /> 以葉作官上爲遣 以憑後考次 合行立案者<br /> <br /> So it is recorded in the official document. When it is examined later, I shall grant the document of the official permit. <br /> <br /> <br /> 縣監[管押]<br /> <br /> Magistrate [Signature]<br /> <br /> <br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> =='''Discussion Questions'''==<br /> #<br /> #<br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Further Readings'''==<br /> &lt;!--<br /> &lt;div style=&quot;color:#008080;&quot;&gt;<br /> * View together with '''~~'''.<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> --&gt;<br /> *崔承熙, 『韓國古文書硏究』, 知識産業社, 1989. <br /> *法制處, 『古法典用語集』, 育志社, 1981. <br /> *檀國大學校 東洋學硏究所, 『韓國漢字語辭典』, 檀國大學校出版部, 1996. <br /> *장지영, 장세경, 『이두사전』, 정음사, 1983.<br /> <br /> =='''References'''==<br /> &lt;references/&gt;<br /> <br /> =='''Translation'''==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> *Discussion Questions:<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:2018 Hanmun Summer Workshop]]<br /> [[Category: Advanced Translation Group]]</div>

Sanghoon Na http://dh.aks.ac.kr/jsg/index.php?title=(Translation)_%E4%B9%BE%E9%9A%86%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%94%E5%B9%B4%E5%BA%9A%E5%8D%88%E5%9B%9B%E6%9C%88%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%94%E6%97%A5_%E6%9D%8E%E5%A5%B4_%E4%B8%81%E5%B1%B1_%E6%98%8E%E6%96%87&diff=15524 2018-08-09T13:50:39Z

<p>Sanghoon Na: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Primary Source Document3<br /> |Image = 1750이노정산명문.jpg<br /> |English = Deed to Jeongsan, a slave of Yi [Naebeon], on the 15th day of the 4th month in 1750 <br /> |Chinese = 乾隆十五年庚午四月十五日 李奴 丁山 明文<br /> |Korean = 건륭십오년 경오 사월십오일 이노 정산 명문(''Geollyungsibonyeon gyeongo sawol siboil Ino Jeongsan Myeongmun'')<br /> |Genre = [[Historical Manuscripts]]<br /> |Type = Record<br /> |Author = Slave Yi Subong in Gangneung 江陵 奴 李守鳳<br /> |Year = 1750<br /> |Key Concepts= slave, deed, female's inherited property <br /> |Translator = [[2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced)#Participants | Participants of 2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced Translation Group)]]<br /> |Editor = Sanghoon Na<br /> |Translation Year = 2018<br /> <br /> }}<br /> [[File:Backward.png|right|40px|link=2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced)#Primary Sources for Korean Studies]]<br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Introduction'''==<br /> <br /> =='''Original Script'''==<br /> <br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;width:80%; font-size:110%; color:#002080; background-color:#ffffff;&quot;<br /> !style=&quot;width:40%;&quot;|Classical Chinese || style=&quot;width:60%;&quot;| English <br /> |-<br /> |<br /> 乾隆十五年庚午四月十五日李奴丁山前茂火明文<br /> <br /> 右明文爲臥乎事叱段吾矣 上典宅居在利川爲有爲乎爲 此亂歲切迫要用所致以妻邊衿<br /> <br /> 得爲有在江陵香湖伏在畓浦坪員豈字百六十四畓七卜一束 百九十二畓七卜三束古馬谷養字六十三畓<br /> 三卜<br /> <br /> 山幕員慕字五十二畓八卜二束<br /> <br /> 檢勿里員傷字百三十二畓八卜九束 果豈字四十田三卜四束四十一田一卜二束四十四田<br /> <br /> 一卜九束僉畓伍石田一石十斗落只庫乙 上典主 牌子導良放賣 爲有矣折價錢文一百三十兩相約<br /> <br /> 依數捧上爲遣右人 上典前永永放賣爲乎矣本文記段 上典宅他田民幷付乙仍于不得許給<br /> <br /> 爲有今年爲始鎭長耕食爲遣幸日後良或有 上典主子孫族類雜談隅是去乙<br /> <br /> 等持此文牌子告 官卞正印<br /> <br /> 田畓主江陵奴李守鳳[手寸]<br /> <br /> 證人 私奴金參孫[署押]<br /> <br /> 筆執 幼學 金廷徽[署押]<br /> <br /> ||<br /> (translation)<br /> <br /> <br /> 乾隆十五年庚午四月十五日 李奴丁山前茂火明文<br /> <br /> Deed to Jeongsan, a slave of Yi [Naebeon], on the 15th day of the 4th month of the 15th year [1750] of Emperor Qianlong’s reign [1735-1796]<br /> <br /> <br /> 右明文爲臥乎事叱段 <br /> <br /> The document mentioned on the right is as follows: <br /> <br /> <br /> 吾矣上典宅 居在利川 爲有如乎 如此亂歲切迫 要用所致以 妻邊衿得爲有 在江陵香湖伏在畓浦坪員 豈字百六十四畓 七卜一束 百九十二畓七卜三束 古馬谷養字六十三畓 三卜 [山幕員慕字五十二畓八卜二束] 檢勿里員傷字百三十二畓八卜九束果 豈字四十田三卜四束 四十一田一卜二束 四十四田一卜九束 僉畓伍石 田一石 十斗落只庫乙 上典主牌子導良 放賣爲有矣<br /> <br /> My master lives in Icheon. Thus, based on the carte blanche given to me, I sold five seok of rice paddy, one seok of field, and ten durakji in total because of a severe famine this year like this and out of sheer necessity. They are his wife’s inherited property located at Lake Hyang in Gangneung: Paddy field 164 of 157th [豈] paddy on Popyeong Plain, producing seven loads and a handful of grains; Paddy field 192, producing seven loads and three handfuls of grains; Paddy field 63 of 156th [豈] paddy at Goma Valley, producing three of grains; [to be deleted] Paddy 132 of 160th [傷] paddy on Geommulli Plain, producing eight loads and nine handful of grains; Field 40 of 156th [豈] field on Geommulli Plain, producing three loads and four handful of grains, and Field 41, producing one load and two handful of grains, and Field 44, producing one load and nine handful of grains. <br /> <br /> <br /> 折價錢文一百三十兩相約 依數捧上爲遣 右人上典前 永永放賣爲乎矣 <br /> <br /> 130 nyang of coin was agreed as the price, which was paid according to the amount. This year I sold out the property to the master mentioned on the right in perpetuity. <br /> <br /> <br /> 本文記段 上典宅他田民幷付乙仍于 不得許給爲有<br /> <br /> [However,] this document is not allowed to be enforced due to another tenant of my master.<br /> <br /> <br /> 今年爲始鎭長耕食爲遣 <br /> <br /> From this year crops will be cultivated for a long time. <br /> <br /> <br /> 幸日後良或有上典主子孫族類雜談隅是去乙等 持此文牌子告 官卞正印<br /> <br /> By any chance, should there be a dispute at a later date among my master’s children, take this document and report to the authorities for justice to this matter.<br /> <br /> <br /> 田畓主江陵奴李守鳳[手寸]<br /> <br /> The owner of the paddies and fields: Slave Yi Subong in Gangneung [Signature of Finger Joint]<br /> <br /> <br /> 證人 私奴金參孫[署押]<br /> <br /> Witness: Private Slave Kim Chamson [Signature]<br /> <br /> <br /> 筆執 幼學 金廷徽[署押]<br /> <br /> Scribe: Scholar Kim Jeong’hwi [Signature]<br /> <br /> <br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> =='''Discussion Questions'''==<br /> #<br /> #<br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Further Readings'''==<br /> &lt;!--<br /> &lt;div style=&quot;color:#008080;&quot;&gt;<br /> * View together with '''~~'''.<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> --&gt;<br /> *<br /> *<br /> <br /> <br /> =='''References'''==<br /> &lt;references/&gt;<br /> <br /> =='''Translation'''==<br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> *Discussion Questions:<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:2018 Hanmun Summer Workshop]]<br /> [[Category:Advanced Translation Group]]</div>

Sanghoon Na http://dh.aks.ac.kr/jsg/index.php?title=(Translation)_%E4%B9%BE%E9%9A%86%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%94%E5%B9%B4%E5%BA%9A%E5%8D%88%E5%9B%9B%E6%9C%88%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%94%E6%97%A5_%E6%9D%8E%E5%A5%B4_%E4%B8%81%E5%B1%B1_%E6%98%8E%E6%96%87&diff=15523 2018-08-09T13:49:51Z

<p>Sanghoon Na: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Primary Source Document3<br /> |Image = 1750이노정산명문.jpg<br /> |English = Deed to Jeongsan, a slave of Yi [Naebeon], on the 15th day of the 4th month in 1750 <br /> |Chinese = 乾隆十五年庚午四月十五日 李奴 丁山 明文<br /> |Korean = 건륭십오년 경오 사월십오일 이노 정산 명문(''Geollyungsibonyeon gyeongo sawol siboil Ino Jeongsan Myeongmun'')<br /> |Genre = [[Historical Manuscripts]]<br /> |Type = Record<br /> |Author = Slave Yi Subong in Gangneung 江陵 奴 李守鳳<br /> |Year = 1750<br /> |Key Concepts= slave, deed, female's inherited property <br /> |Translator = [[2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced)#Participants | Participants of 2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced Translation Group)]]<br /> |Editor = Sanghoon Na<br /> |Translation Year = 2018<br /> <br /> }}<br /> [[File:Backward.png|right|40px|link=2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced)#Primary Sources for Korean Studies]]<br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Introduction'''==<br /> <br /> =='''Original Script'''==<br /> <br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;width:80%; font-size:110%; color:#002080; background-color:#ffffff;&quot;<br /> !style=&quot;width:40%;&quot;|Classical Chinese || style=&quot;width:60%;&quot;| English <br /> |-<br /> |<br /> 乾隆十五年庚午四月十五日李奴丁山前茂火明文<br /> <br /> 右明文爲臥乎事叱段吾矣 上典宅居在利川爲有爲乎爲 此亂歲切迫要用所致以妻邊衿<br /> <br /> 得爲有在江陵香湖伏在畓浦坪員豈字百六十四畓七卜一束 百九十二畓七卜三束古馬谷養字六十三畓<br /> 三卜<br /> <br /> 山幕員慕字五十二畓八卜二束<br /> <br /> 檢勿里員傷字百三十二畓八卜九束 果豈字四十田三卜四束四十一田一卜二束四十四田<br /> <br /> 一卜九束僉畓伍石田一石十斗落只庫乙 上典主 牌子導良放賣 爲有矣折價錢文一百三十兩相約<br /> <br /> 依數捧上爲遣右人 上典前永永放賣爲乎矣本文記段 上典宅他田民幷付乙仍于不得許給<br /> <br /> 爲有今年爲始鎭長耕食爲遣幸日後良或有 上典主子孫族類雜談隅是去乙<br /> <br /> 等持此文牌子告 官卞正印<br /> <br /> 田畓主江陵奴李守鳳[手寸]<br /> <br /> 證人 私奴金參孫[署押]<br /> <br /> 筆執 幼學 金廷徽[署押]<br /> <br /> ||<br /> (translation)<br /> <br /> <br /> 乾隆十五年庚午四月十五日 李奴丁山前茂火明文<br /> <br /> Deed to Jeongsan, a slave of Yi [Naebeon], on the 15th day of the 4th month of the 15th year [1750] of Emperor Qianlong’s reign [1735-1796]<br /> <br /> <br /> 右明文爲臥乎事叱段 <br /> <br /> The document mentioned on the right is as follows: <br /> <br /> <br /> 吾矣上典宅 居在利川 爲有如乎 如此亂歲切迫 要用所致以 妻邊衿得爲有 在江陵香湖伏在畓浦坪員 豈字百六十四畓 七卜一束 百九十二畓七卜三束 古馬谷養字六十三畓 三卜 [山幕員慕字五十二畓八卜二束] 檢勿里員傷字百三十二畓八卜九束果 豈字四十田三卜四束 四十一田一卜二束 四十四田一卜九束 僉畓伍石 田一石 十斗落只庫乙 上典主牌子導良 放賣爲有矣<br /> <br /> My master lives in Icheon. Thus, based on the carte blanche given to me, I sold five seok of rice paddy, one seok of field, and ten durakji in total because of a severe famine this year like this and out of sheer necessity. They are his wife’s inherited property located at Lake Hyang in Gangneung: Paddy field 164 of 157th [豈] paddy on Popyeong Plain, producing seven loads and a handful of grains; Paddy field 192, producing seven loads and three handfuls of grains; Paddy field 63 of 156th [豈] paddy at Goma Valley, producing three of grains; [to be deleted] Paddy 132 of 160th [傷] paddy on Geommulli Plain, producing eight loads and nine handful of grains; Field 40 of 156th [豈] field on Geommulli Plain, producing three loads and four handful of grains, and Field 41, producing one load and two handful of grains, and Field 44, producing one load and nine handful of grains. <br /> <br /> <br /> 折價錢文一百三十兩相約 依數捧上爲遣 右人上典前 永永放賣爲乎矣 <br /> <br /> 130 nyang of coin was agreed as the price, which was paid according to the amount. This year I sold out the property to the master mentioned on the right in perpetuity. <br /> <br /> <br /> 本文記段 上典宅他田民幷付乙仍于 不得許給爲有<br /> <br /> [However,] this document is not allowed to be enforced due to another tenant of my master.<br /> <br /> <br /> 今年爲始鎭長耕食爲遣 <br /> <br /> From this year crops will be cultivated for a long time. <br /> <br /> <br /> 幸日後良或有上典主子孫族類雜談隅是去乙等 持此文牌子告 官卞正印<br /> <br /> By any chance, should there be a dispute at a later date among my master’s children, take this document and report to the authorities for justice to this matter.<br /> <br /> <br /> 田畓主江陵奴李守鳳[手寸]<br /> <br /> The owner of the paddies and fields: Slave Yi Subong in Gangneung [Signature of Finger Joint]<br /> <br /> <br /> 證人 私奴金參孫[署押]<br /> <br /> Witness: Private Slave Kim Chamson [Signature]<br /> <br /> <br /> 筆執 幼學 金廷徽[署押]<br /> <br /> Scribe: Scholar Kim Jeong’hwi [Signature]<br /> <br /> <br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> =='''Discussion Questions'''==<br /> #<br /> #<br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Further Readings'''==<br /> &lt;!--<br /> &lt;div style=&quot;color:#008080;&quot;&gt;<br /> * View together with '''~~'''.<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> --&gt;<br /> *<br /> *<br /> <br /> <br /> =='''References'''==<br /> &lt;references/&gt;<br /> <br /> =='''Translation'''==<br /> <br /> ==='''(sample) : Jaeyoon Song'''===<br /> ----<br /> <br /> *Discussion Questions:<br /> <br /> <br /> ==='''Student 1 : (Write your name)'''===<br /> ----<br /> <br /> *Discussion Questions:<br /> <br /> <br /> ==='''Student 2 : (Write your name)'''===<br /> ----<br /> <br /> *Discussion Questions:<br /> <br /> <br /> ==='''Student 3 : (Write your name)'''===<br /> ----<br /> <br /> *Discussion Questions:<br /> <br /> <br /> ==='''Student 4 : (Write your name)'''===<br /> ----<br /> <br /> *Discussion Questions:<br /> <br /> <br /> ==='''Student 5 : (Write your name)'''===<br /> ----<br /> <br /> *Discussion Questions:<br /> <br /> <br /> ==='''Student 6 : (Write your name)'''===<br /> ----<br /> <br /> *Discussion Questions:<br /> <br /> <br /> ==='''Student 7 : (Write your name)'''===<br /> ----<br /> <br /> *Discussion Questions:<br /> <br /> <br /> ==='''Student 8 : (Write your name)'''===<br /> ----<br /> <br /> *Discussion Questions:<br /> <br /> <br /> ==='''Student 9 : (Write your name)'''===<br /> ----<br /> <br /> *Discussion Questions:<br /> <br /> <br /> ==='''Student 10 : (Write your name)'''===<br /> ----<br /> <br /> *Discussion Questions:<br /> <br /> <br /> ==='''Student 11 : (Write your name)'''===<br /> ----<br /> <br /> *Discussion Questions:<br /> <br /> <br /> ==='''Student 12 : (Write your name)'''===<br /> ----<br /> <br /> *Discussion Questions:<br /> <br /> <br /> ==='''Student 13 : (Write your name)'''===<br /> ----<br /> <br /> *Discussion Questions:<br /> <br /> <br /> ==='''Student 14 : (Write your name)'''===<br /> ----<br /> <br /> *Discussion Questions:<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:2018 Hanmun Summer Workshop]]<br /> [[Category:Advanced Translation Group]]</div>

Sanghoon Na http://dh.aks.ac.kr/jsg/index.php?title=(Translation)_%E4%B9%BE%E9%9A%86%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E5%B9%B4%E4%B8%81%E4%B8%91%E5%9B%9B%E6%9C%88%E5%88%9D%E5%9B%9B%E6%97%A5_%E5%B9%BC%E5%AD%B8_%E6%9D%8E%E4%B9%83%E8%95%83_%E6%98%8E%E6%96%87&diff=15522 2018-08-09T13:44:10Z

<p>Sanghoon Na: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Primary Source Document3<br /> |Image = 1757이내번명문.jpg<br /> |English = Deed to Scholar Yi Naebeon on the 4th day of the 4th month in 1682<br /> |Chinese = 乾隆二十二年丁丑四月初四日 幼學 李乃蕃 明文<br /> |Korean = 건륭이십이년정축사월초사일 유학 이내번 명문(''Geollyungisibinyeonjeongchuksawolchosail Yuhang Inaebeon Myeongmun'')<br /> |Genre = [[Historical Manuscripts]]<br /> |Type = Record<br /> |Author = 李乃蕃 <br /> |Year = 1757<br /> |Key Concepts= fields set apart for sacrificial purposes, Seongyo, tenant’s property, dispute<br /> |Translator = [[2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced)#Participants | Participants of 2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced Translation Group)]]<br /> |Editor = Sanghoon Na<br /> |Translation Year = 2018<br /> <br /> }}<br /> [[File:Backward.png|right|40px|link=2018 Summer Hanmun Workshop (Advanced)#Primary Sources for Korean Studies]]<br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Introduction'''==<br /> <br /> =='''Original Script'''==<br /> <br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;width:80%; font-size:110%; color:#002080; background-color:#ffffff;&quot;<br /> !style=&quot;width:40%;&quot;|Classical Chinese || style=&quot;width:60%;&quot;| English <br /> |-<br /> |<br /> 乾隆二十二年丁丑四月初四日幼學李乃內蕃前明文<br /> <br /> 右明文爲臥乎事段吾矣祖先山所乙移葬於他處<br /> <br /> 爲計故不得已祭位爲在船橋羽字五十八田三卜四束<br /> <br /> 十斗落只庫果丁洞讚字百十五畓二卜七束五斗落只<br /> <br /> 庫乙折價錢文二十五兩依數捧上爲遣今年爲<br /> <br /> 始永永放賣爲去乎本文記兩庫段他田民幷付乙仍<br /> <br /> 于不得許給而幸日後良中吾矣門人中如有雜<br /> <br /> 談是去持此文告官卞正事<br /> <br /> 有司曹命達[署押]<br /> <br /> 門長曹[署押]<br /> <br /> 筆執喪人曹允百<br /> <br /> 幼學曹命夔[署押]<br /> <br /> <br /> ||<br /> (translation)<br /> <br /> 乾隆二十二年丁丑四月初四日幼學李乃內蕃前明文<br /> <br /> Deed to Scholar Yi Naebeon on the 4th day of the 4th month of the 22nd year [1682] of Emperor Qianlong’s reign [1735-1796]<br /> <br /> <br /> 右明文爲臥乎事段 <br /> <br /> The document mentioned on the right is as follows: <br /> <br /> <br /> 吾矣祖先山所乙 移葬於他處爲計 故不得已 祭位爲在船橋羽字五十八田 三卜四束 十斗落只庫果 丁洞讚字 百十五畓 二卜七束 五斗落只庫乙 <br /> <br /> Since I planned to move my ancestor’s tombs to another place, I had no choice but to sell fields set apart for sacrificial purposes, which consist of 58 fields, producing three loads and four handfuls of grains and are ten ''durakji'' of 71st paddy in Seon’gyo, and 115 fields, producing two loads and seven handfuls of grains and are five ''durakji'' of 198th paddy in Jeongdong village. <br /> <br /> <br /> 折價錢文二十五兩 依數捧上爲遣 今年爲始永永放賣爲去乎<br /> <br /> 25 ''nyang'' of coin was the price, which was paid according to the amount. This year I sold out the property in perpetuity. <br /> <br /> <br /> 本文記兩庫段 他田民幷付乙仍于不得許給而 <br /> <br /> [However,] two places in this document are not allowed to sell because they are also another tenant’s property. <br /> <br /> <br /> 幸日後良中吾矣門人中如有雜談是去持此文告官卞正事 <br /> <br /> By any chance, should there be a dispute at a later date among my family, take this document and report to the authorities for justice to this matter.<br /> <br /> <br /> 有司曹命達[署押]<br /> <br /> Officer in Charge: Jo Myeongdal [Signature] <br /> <br /> <br /> 門長曹[署押]<br /> <br /> The Elder of the Jo family [Signature] <br /> <br /> <br /> 筆執喪人曹允百<br /> <br /> Scribe: Mourner Jo Yunbaek <br /> <br /> <br /> 幼學曹命夔[署押]<br /> <br /> Scholar Jo Myeongseop [Signature]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> =='''Discussion Questions'''==<br /> #<br /> #<br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Further Readings'''==<br /> &lt;!--<br /> &lt;div style=&quot;color:#008080;&quot;&gt;<br /> * View together with '''~~'''.<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> --&gt;<br /> *<br /> *<br /> <br /> <br /> =='''References'''==<br /> &lt;references/&gt;<br /> <br /> =='''Translation'''==<br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> *Discussion Questions:<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:2018 Hanmun Summer Workshop]]<br /> [[Category:Advanced Translation Group]]</div>

Sanghoon Na