The first-ever Korean-American Philip Jaisohn (1864-1951) established The Independent (Dongnip sinmun) in 1896, the first privately managed modern daily newspaper in Korea. It had both a Korean and English edition. Jaisohn was also involved in the creation of the Independence Club in 1896 and Dongnimmun Arch (Independence Gate) in 1897 which sought to affirm the soverignty and autonomy of Korea against foreign powers.