"Religion of the People - Korean Buddhism"의 두 판 사이의 차이

Korea100
이동: 둘러보기, 검색
13번째 줄: 13번째 줄:
  
 
<gallery mode=packed heights=220px>
 
<gallery mode=packed heights=220px>
File:설총_일러스트.jpg|설총 일러스트
+
File:1-9.무량수전_파노라마2.jpg|Muryangsujeon Hall at Buseoksa Temple (Buseok-myeon, Yeongju-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do)
File:의상_일러스트.jpg|의상 일러스트
+
File:1-3.정림사 탑-ESC_9265.jpg|Five-story Stone Pagoda at Jeongnimsa Temple Site (Dongnam-ri, Buyeo-eup, Buyeo-gun, Chungcheongnam-do)
File:1-9.무량수전_파노라마2.jpg|부석사 무량수전(경북 영주시 부석면 부석사로)  
+
File:3-15.불교(불회사 법당) 내부.DSC_3076.jpg|Beopdang Hall at Bulhoesa Temple, Naju (Dado-ro, Dado-myeon, Naju, Jeollanam-do)
File:1-3.정림사 탑-ESC_9265.jpg|백제 말기에 세워진 정림사지 5층 석탑(충남 부여군 부여읍 동남리)
+
File:4-2.해인사 장경각 내부3_the Tripitaka Koreana.jpg|Inside of Janggyeonggak Hall at Haeinsa Temple (경남 합천군 치인리 해인사) / Courtesy of the Korea Tourism Organization (Yi Beom-su)
File:3-15.불교(불회사 법당) 내부.DSC_3076.jpg|나주 불회사 법당(전남 나주시 다도면 다도로)
+
File:3-15.불교(운주사)-DSC_3055.jpg|Stone pagodas of Unjusa Temple, Hwasun (Daecho-ri, Hwasun-gun, Jeollanam-do)
File:4-2.해인사 장경각 내부3_the Tripitaka Koreana.jpg|해인사 장경각 내부(경남 합천군 치인리 해인사) / 사진제공(이범수)-한국관광공사 파일:4-3.거북선1_Hyeonchungsa Shrine.jpg|거북선(충남 아산시 염치읍 현충사길) / 사진제공(김지호)-한국관광공사
+
File:3-15.불교-DSCN0496.jpg|Lanterns at Gilsangsa Temple, Seoul (Seonjam-ro 5-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul)
File:3-15.불교(운주사)-DSC_3055.jpg|화순 운주사 석불(전남 화순군 대초리)
 
File:3-15.불교(운주사)-DSC_3064.jpg|화순 운주사 석불(전남 화순군 대초리)
 
File:3-15.불교-DSCN0482.jpg|서울 길상사 연등(서울 성북구 선잠로5길)
 
File:3-15.불교-DSCN0496.jpg|서울 길상사 연등(서울 성북구 선잠로5길)
 
File:3-15.불교-DSCN0501.jpg|서울 길상사 연등(서울 성북구 선잠로5길)
 
 
</gallery>
 
</gallery>
  

2017년 11월 25일 (토) 09:53 판

Kor icon.JPG


Buddhism, along with Confucianism, is one of the two pillars of Korean history and thought. It was introduced to the Korean peninsula through Chinese Buddhist monks during the 3rd to 6th centuries CE. Buddhism first spread among the common people but later gained official recognition and support by the governments of the Three Kingdoms. Buddhism was a unifying force as Goguryeo, Baekje, and Silla – which were initially small local city-states – incorporated nearby city-states to become powerful regional kingdoms.

Buddhist prospered during the Unified Silla and Goryeo periods. It was continuously supported by the royal family and many monks were sent to study in China. Many Buddhist temples found across Korea today were first established with support of the royalty at this time and Buddhist statues, pagodas, and old document from these periods remain today. UNESCO World Heritages such as Bulguksa Temple and Seokguram Grotto, as well as Memories of the World such as the Tripitaka Korean woodblocks and the Jikji were created during this period of flourishing Buddhism.

However, Buddhism was suppressed during the Joseon dynasty, which was founded on the basis of Neo-Confucianism. Buddhism lost its authority and monks were discriminated against. However, women and commoners continued to practice the faith. Following the Japanese invasions of 1592 and 1598, the government’s anti-Buddhism policies were weakened. Buddhist monks had played a significant role in defending against the Japanese invaders and many Buddhist temples were destroyed at this time. The fact that many were rebuilt in the latter half of the Joseon period attest to the weakening anti-Buddhist policies.

Three of Korea’s most representative Buddhist monks are Wonhyo (元曉, 617-686), Uicheon (義天, 1055-1101), and Jinul (知訥, 1158-1210). Wonhyo, who lived during the period when Silla unified the Three Kingdoms, was on his way to study in China when he was caught in a downpour in the night and found a place to take shelter. In the morning, he realized he had been in an ancient tomb filled with skulls – one of which he had even unknowingly drank from. He was shocked to realized that such a horrifying place had been site of welcome shelter, and this experience led him to become enlightened to the fact that all things are of “One Mind” (一心). Wonhyo’s concept of One Mind became a defining feature of Korean Buddhism. In the Goryeo period, monk Uichang, a member of the royal family, sought to unite the doctrinal (gyojong) and meditation schools (seonjong) of Korean Buddhism, while monk Jinul was an exemplar of following the path to enlightenment and worked to unify various Buddhist sects. Jinul’s teachings became the basis of the Jogye Order of Buddhism which comprises the majority of Korean temples today.

Today, more than 965 Buddhist temples can be found in Korea – most hidden, nestled on the slopes of one of Korea’s countless mountains. These temples are not only visited by tourists, but are home to practicing monks and are places of worship for many locals. Some of the more well-known temples also host temple stay programs, which allow people to experience Buddhist culture. Buddha’s birthday is a national holiday in South Korea and lanterns are hung not only at temples but on city streets around this time in celebration. Unlike Confucianism, which outwardly disappeared from Korean life at the end of the Joseon dynasty, Buddhism – a faith of the people – still has a great deal of influence on Korean society today.

Related Articles

References