"From Persecution to Prevalence - Christianity in Korea"의 두 판 사이의 차이

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The history of Christianity in Korea is generally considered to start in the 17th century - much later than Confucianism or Buddhism - yet today, there are more believers of the Christian faith than any other organized religion in Korea. The history of the introduction of Christianity to Korea is unique in that it was initiated by Korean scholars who took an academic interest in Christianity as a teaching of Western civilization, rather than by Christian missionaries proteselyzing in Korea.  
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The history of [[Christianity]] in Korea is generally considered to start in the 17th century - much later than [[Confucianism]] or [[Buddhism]] - yet today, there are more believers of the Christian faith than any other organized religion in Korea. The history of the introduction of Christianity to Korea is unique in that it was initiated by Korean scholars who took an academic interest in Christianity as a teaching of Western civilization, rather than by Christian missionaries proselytizing in Korea.  
  
After the Qing invasions (1636-7), Joseon bureaucrats who had been sent to Qing began to take interest in Western civilization, and began importing and academically studying Catholic literature from China. Around the same time, Crown Prince Sohyeon (1612-1645) was taken as hostage by Qing to China where he met Jesuit missionaries and took a similar interest. Many Joseon scholars were critical of it from a Confucian perspective, but some began to accept the Christian teachings. But in 1758, Catholicism was officially outlawed by King Yeongjo. Christian ideals of egalitarianism and worship of a single god – rather than one’s ancestors – were considered a threat to Joseon’s Confucian society. Despite this, in 1784, Joseon’s first believer, Yi Seung-hun Peter, was baptized in Beijing and shortly thereafter churches were secretly formed in Joseon. In 1801, 1839, 1846 and 1866, there were multiple large-scale persecutions of Catholics resulting in the death of over 10,000 Catholics around the country – including nine French missionaries. Of these martyrs, 103 were canonized as saints in 1984, with 124 more beatified in 2014 – making Korea 4th in number of Catholic saints.  
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After the [[Qing invasions]] (1636-7), [[Joseon]] bureaucrats who had been sent to [[Qing China]] began to take interest in Western civilization and started to import and academically study Catholic literature from China. Though at first they were critical of the teachings, some Joseon scholars began to believe in the faith and established local Christian organizations. The Joseon king and government initially took a lenient stance on the religion because Jesuit teachings, which were introduced to Korea at that time, sought a compromise with Confucian thought. However, after the Vatican dissolved the [[Society of Jesus]], a doctrinal missionary policy was implemented which caused conflict between Christian and Confucian norms. As Christians who rejected Confucian rituals such as ancestral offerings began to appear, the government saw this as a threat to national control and began to vehemently suppress Christianity. For around 100 years, from 1791 until the opening of Joseon's ports in 1876, over 10,000 Catholics around the country – including nine French missionaries - became martyrs in large-scale persecutions.
  
Shortly after the opening of Joseon’s ports in 1876, Protestant missionaries began to enter Joseon. In 1884, Joseon’s first Protestant church was established by Seo Sang-ryun in Hwanghae-do Province (present-day North Korea) and Horace N. Allen, a Protestant missionary, entered the country as an American diplomat and physician. Shortly after his arrival, Allen saved the life of the nephew of Queen Min. King Gojong took an interest in Western medicine, appointed Allen as his personal court physician, and supported the establishment of the first modern medical facility in Joseon (which eventually became today’s Severance Hospital at Yonsei University). In 1885, more American missionaries came to Joseon, such as Horace G. Underwood (founder of Chosun Christian College, which later became Yonsei University), Henry G. Appenzeller (founder of Paichai Boys School and the first Methodist church in Seoul – Chungdong First Methodist Church), and Mary F. Scranton (founder of Ewha Girls School, which later became Ewha Womens University). In addition to introducing Western medicine and schools, the missionaries worked on the translation of the Bible from Chinese characters to the Korean alphabet, hangeul. The acceptance of Protestantism also led to more freedom for Catholics, who built Myeongdong Cathedral around this time, which was the largest building in Korea at the time of its construction.
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Shortly after the opening of Joseon's ports in 1876, Protestant missionaries began to enter Joseon. In 1884, [[Horace N. Allen]], a Protestant missionary, entered the country as an American diplomat and physician. He established the first modern medical facility in Joseon with the support of King Gojong, which later became [[Severance Hospital]] at [[Yonsei University]]. In 1885, more American missionaries came to Joseon, such as [[Horace G. Underwood]] (founder of Chosun Christian College, which later became Yonsei University), [[Henry G. Appenzeller]] (founder of [[Paichai Boys School]] and the first Methodist church in Seoul – [[Chungdong First Methodist Church]]), and [[Mary F. Scranton]] (founder of Ewha Girls School, which later became [[Ewha Womens University]]). In addition to introducing Western medicine and schools, the missionaries worked on the translation of the Bible into the Korean language.
  
Today, about 30% of South Koreans consider themselves Christian – among which around one-fourth are Catholics and three-fourths are Protestants. Koreans view Catholicism and Protestantism as separate religions – largely due to their vastly different histories in Korea. The rapid adoption of the Christian faith in Korea despite having been introduced much later than Confucianism and Buddhism is partly because Christianity, as an embodiment of Western civilization, played a key role in Korea's modernization, industrialization, and democratization movements in the later half of the 20th century. Numbers of practitioners grew in particular after 1984, which was the centennial of Protestantism in Korea and the year in which the 103 Catholic martyrs were canonized. Today, Korea is home to many megachurches, such as Yoido Full Gospel Church which has the largest congregation in the world with some 480,000 members (nearly 1% of South Korea’s total population), and churches play a key role in Korean communities abroad. South Korea also ranks second in the number of missionaries sent overseas (after the U.S.).
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Today, about 30% of South Koreans consider themselves Christian. Among these, around one-fourth are Catholic and three-fourths are Protestant. The rapid adoption of the Christian faith in Korea despite having been introduced much later than [[Confucianism]] and [[Buddhism]] is partly because Christianity, as an embodiment of Western civilization, played a key role in Korea's modernization, industrialization, and democratization movements in the latter half of the 20th century. Today, Korea is home to many megachurches, such as [[Yoido Full Gospel Church]] which has the largest congregation in the world with some 480,000 members, and churches play a key role in Korean communities abroad. South Korea also ranks second in the number of missionaries sent overseas (after the U.S.).
  
 
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File:3-12.배재학당 역사박물관_Appenzeller Noble Memorial Museum (2).jpg|Inside the Appenzeller Noble Memorial Museum (Seosomun-ro 11-gil, Jeong-dong, Seoul) / Courtesy of Korea Tourism Organization (Kim Ji-ho)
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File:3-12.배재학당 역사박물관_Appenzeller Noble Memorial Museum.jpg|The Appenzeller Noble Memorial Museum (Seosomun-ro 11-gil, Jeong-dong, Seoul) / Courtesy of Korea Tourism Organization (Kim Ji-ho)
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File:3-12.이화여대_Ehwa Woman's University.jpg|Main Hall of Ewha Womans University (Seodaemun-gu, Seoul) / Courtesy of Korea Tourism Organization (Yi Beom-su)
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File:3-13.이대캠퍼스1_Ehwa Woman's University.jpg|Ewha Womans University (Seodaemun-gu, Seoul) / Courtesy of Korea Tourism Organization (Yi Beom-su)
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File:3-12.연대 언더우드 동상_Yonsei University.jpg|Statue of Horace G. Underwood (Yonsei University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul)/ Courtesy of Korea Tourism Organization (Bak Seong-geun)
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File:3-16.성공회성당-_FSC7181.jpg|Seoul Angelican Cathedral (Sejongdae-ro, Jung-gu, Seou)
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File:3-16.명동성당_Myeongdong Cathedral.jpg|Myeongdong Cathedral, built in 1898, was the tallest building in Korea at the time of its construction. (Myeongdong-gil, Jung-gu, Seoul) / Courtesy of Korea Tourism Organization (Yi Beom-su)
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File:3-16.명동성당_Myeongdong Cathedral (2).jpg|Inside Myeongdong Cathedral (Myeongdong-gil, Jung-gu, Seoul) / Courtesy of Korea Tourism Organization (Kim Ji-ho)
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File:3-16.마라도 교회_Marado Church.jpg|Marado Church (Daejeong-eup Seogwipo, Jeju) / Courtesy of Korea Tourism Organization (Kim Ji-ho)
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File:3-16.매봉교회_Maebong church.jpg|Maebong Church (Yongdu-ri, Byeongcheon-myeon, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do) / Courtesy of Korea Tourism Organization
 
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File:056(E).jpg|Christian Historical Sites
 
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=='''Related Articles'''==
 
=='''Related Articles'''==
*[[]]
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*[[Modern Education and Christianity]]
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*[[The Opening of Joseon]]
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*[[Society of Jesus]]
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*[[Joseon]]
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*[[Qing China]]
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*[[Yi Seung-hun Peter]]
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*[[Seo Sang-ryun]]
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*[[Horace N. Allen]]
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*[[Empress Myeongseong (Joseon)]]
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*[[King Gojong (Joseon)]]
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*[[Horace G. Underwood]]
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*[[Henry G. Appenzeller]]
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*[[Mary F. Scranton]]
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*[[Severance Hospital]]
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*[[Yonsei University]]
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*[[Paichai Boys School]]
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*[[Chungdong First Methodist Church]]
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*[[Ewha Womens University]]
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*[[Myeongdong Cathedral]]
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*[[Yoido Full Gospel Church]]
  
 
=='''References'''==
 
=='''References'''==

2017년 12월 6일 (수) 11:53 기준 최신판

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The history of Christianity in Korea is generally considered to start in the 17th century - much later than Confucianism or Buddhism - yet today, there are more believers of the Christian faith than any other organized religion in Korea. The history of the introduction of Christianity to Korea is unique in that it was initiated by Korean scholars who took an academic interest in Christianity as a teaching of Western civilization, rather than by Christian missionaries proselytizing in Korea.

After the Qing invasions (1636-7), Joseon bureaucrats who had been sent to Qing China began to take interest in Western civilization and started to import and academically study Catholic literature from China. Though at first they were critical of the teachings, some Joseon scholars began to believe in the faith and established local Christian organizations. The Joseon king and government initially took a lenient stance on the religion because Jesuit teachings, which were introduced to Korea at that time, sought a compromise with Confucian thought. However, after the Vatican dissolved the Society of Jesus, a doctrinal missionary policy was implemented which caused conflict between Christian and Confucian norms. As Christians who rejected Confucian rituals such as ancestral offerings began to appear, the government saw this as a threat to national control and began to vehemently suppress Christianity. For around 100 years, from 1791 until the opening of Joseon's ports in 1876, over 10,000 Catholics around the country – including nine French missionaries - became martyrs in large-scale persecutions.

Shortly after the opening of Joseon's ports in 1876, Protestant missionaries began to enter Joseon. In 1884, Horace N. Allen, a Protestant missionary, entered the country as an American diplomat and physician. He established the first modern medical facility in Joseon with the support of King Gojong, which later became Severance Hospital at Yonsei University. In 1885, more American missionaries came to Joseon, such as Horace G. Underwood (founder of Chosun Christian College, which later became Yonsei University), Henry G. Appenzeller (founder of Paichai Boys School and the first Methodist church in Seoul – Chungdong First Methodist Church), and Mary F. Scranton (founder of Ewha Girls School, which later became Ewha Womens University). In addition to introducing Western medicine and schools, the missionaries worked on the translation of the Bible into the Korean language.

Today, about 30% of South Koreans consider themselves Christian. Among these, around one-fourth are Catholic and three-fourths are Protestant. The rapid adoption of the Christian faith in Korea despite having been introduced much later than Confucianism and Buddhism is partly because Christianity, as an embodiment of Western civilization, played a key role in Korea's modernization, industrialization, and democratization movements in the latter half of the 20th century. Today, Korea is home to many megachurches, such as Yoido Full Gospel Church which has the largest congregation in the world with some 480,000 members, and churches play a key role in Korean communities abroad. South Korea also ranks second in the number of missionaries sent overseas (after the U.S.).

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References