"A Weapon of War - The History of Gunpowder in Korea"의 두 판 사이의 차이

Korea100
이동: 둘러보기, 검색
 
(같은 사용자의 중간 판 4개는 보이지 않습니다)
1번째 줄: 1번째 줄:
 
{{Kor Article|
 
{{Kor Article|
−
|Article=화포와 화약
+
|Article=최무선의 화약 개발, 나라를 구하다
 
}}
 
}}
−
Korean military forces began to use gunpowder, which they called “fire medicine,” from the early 14th century, but could not manufacture it. China, which had invented gunpowder, kept the manufacturing process secret to outsiders. Choi Mu-seon, a military commander and inventor during the last decades of the Goryeo Dynasty, learned the secret of manufacturing potassium nitrate, a critical ingredient in gunpowder, from a Chinese trader. Two other ingredients necessary for making gunpowder, sulphur and wood charcoal, were easily obtainable locally.
+
Korean military forces began to use gunpowder, which they called "fire medicine," from the early 14th century, but could not manufacture it. [[China]], which had invented gunpowder, kept the manufacturing process secret to outsiders. [[Choi Mu-seon]] (1325–1395), a military commander and inventor during the last decades of the [[Goryeo|Goryeo Dynasty]], learned the secret of manufacturing potassium nitrate, a critical ingredient in gunpowder, from a Chinese trader. Two other ingredients necessary for making gunpowder, sulphur and wood charcoal, were easily obtainable locally.
−
Choi perfected Korean gunpowder manufacturing, and also invented guns and other firearms using gunpowder. He inspired the royal government to establish the Office of Firearms, and under his leadership it developed 18 different types of weapons. His motivation in developing gunpowder and firearms was to defeat the Japanese pirates marauding on the shores of the Korean Peninsula. In 1378, Goryeo established a special firearms brigade. Using ships armed with firearms, Choi’s special forces won a great victory over Japanese pirates attacking the southwestern shore of the country in 1380.
+
 
−
However, General Yi Seong-gye, who toppled Goryeo and founded the Joseon Dynasty, failed to promote further development of gunpowder manufacturing. However, his successors revived the military use of gunpowder and firearms. King Sejong used locally manufactured gunpowder and firearms to fight the Jurchen on the northeastern border of the country. By the fifteenth century, the Yi government drastically reduced the use of gunpowder for fireworks to reserve it for military use.
+
Choi perfected Korean gunpowder manufacturing, and also invented guns and other firearms using gunpowder. He inspired the royal government to establish the [[Office of Firearms (Goryeo)]], and under his leadership it developed 18 different types of weapons. His motivation in developing gunpowder and firearms was to defeat the Japanese pirates marauding on the shores of the Korean Peninsula. In 1378, Goryeo established a special firearms brigade. Using ships armed with firearms, Choi's special forces won a great victory over [[Japan|Japanese pirates]] attacking the southwestern shore of the country in 1380.
−
Potassium nitrate, the most critical ingredient for gunpowder, was manufactured under strict supervision of the government officials, with the sites deep inland to protect secrecy from the Japanese pirates. Korea’s gunpowder manufacturing technology improved over time, and in the 17th century, two Korean books on the technology were published.
+
 
−
During the Japanese Invasion or Imjin War in 1592-98, gunpowder played important roles in defeating the Japanese. Admiral Yi Sunshin’s famed turtle ships were fitted with canons, which shot cannonballs through the mouths of the turtle-shaped ships for up to a mile, to destroy Japanese warships. Japan was far behind Korea in gunpowder and firearms at the time, and therefore the Japanese navy could not withstand the Korean navy with better firearms.
+
However, General [[King Taejo (Joseon)|Yi Seong-gye]], who toppled [[Goryeo]] and founded the [[Joseon|Joseon Dynasty]], failed to promote the further development of gunpowder manufacturing. However, his successors revived the military use of gunpowder and firearms. [[King Sejong (Joseon)|King Sejong]] used locally manufactured gunpowder and firearms to fight the [[Jurchens]] on the northeastern border of the country. By the fifteenth century, the Joseon government drastically reduced the use of gunpowder for fireworks to reserve it for military use.
 +
 
 +
Potassium nitrate, the most critical ingredient for gunpowder, was manufactured under strict supervision of the government officials, with the sites deep inland to protect secrecy from the Japanese pirates. Korea's gunpowder manufacturing technology improved over time, and in the 17th century, two Korean books on the technology were published.
 +
 
 +
During the [[Imjin War|Japanese invasions of 1592-8]], gunpowder played an important role in defeating the Japanese. Admiral [[Yi Sun-sin]]'s famed [[turtle ships]] were fitted with canons, which shot cannonballs through the mouths of the turtle-shaped ships for up to a mile to destroy Japanese warships. Japan was far behind Korea in gunpowder and firearms at the time, and therefore the Japanese navy could not withstand the Korean navy with better firearms.
 +
 
 
China highly regarded the Korean gunpowder manufacturing and military use of firearms during the Joseon Dynasty, and Japan tried hard to catch up with it throughout that era.
 
China highly regarded the Korean gunpowder manufacturing and military use of firearms during the Joseon Dynasty, and Japan tried hard to catch up with it throughout that era.
 +
 
<gallery mode=packed heights=220px>
 
<gallery mode=packed heights=220px>
 +
File:최무선의 화약개발_일러스트.jpg|Choi Mu-seon and the development of gunpowder
 +
File:3-10.충렬사 화포_Chungnyeolsa Shrine(Tongyeong).jpg|Cannon at Chungryeonsa Shrine (Yeohwang-ro, Tongyeong, Gyeongsangnam-do) / Courtesy of the Korea Tourism Organization (Yi Beom-su)
 +
File:3-10.통영 거북선 화포_Turtleship in Tongyeong.jpg|A cannon inside a turtleship (Yeohwang-ro, Tongyeong, Gyeongsangnam-do)/ Courtesy of the Korea Tourism Organization (Kim Ji-ho)
 +
File:3-10.광성보 화포-FSC_0782.jpg|A cannon on Ganghwado Island (Deokseong-ri, Buleun-myeon, Ganghwa-gun, Incheon)
 
</gallery>
 
</gallery>
  
15번째 줄: 25번째 줄:
  
 
=='''Related Articles'''==
 
=='''Related Articles'''==
−
*[[]]
+
*[[Gunpowder]]
 +
*[[China]]
 +
*[[Choi Mu-seon]]
 +
*[[Goryeo]]
 +
*[[Office of Firearms (Goryeo)]]
 +
*[[Japan]]
 +
*[[King Taejo (Joseon)|King Taejo]]
 +
*[[Joseon]]
 +
*[[King Sejong (Joseon)]]
 +
*[[Jurchens]]
 +
*[[Imjin War]]
 +
*[[Yi Sun-sin]]
 +
*[[Turtle ships]]
  
 
=='''References'''==
 
=='''References'''==

2017년 11월 30일 (목) 15:41 기준 최신판

Kor icon.JPG


Korean military forces began to use gunpowder, which they called "fire medicine," from the early 14th century, but could not manufacture it. China, which had invented gunpowder, kept the manufacturing process secret to outsiders. Choi Mu-seon (1325–1395), a military commander and inventor during the last decades of the Goryeo Dynasty, learned the secret of manufacturing potassium nitrate, a critical ingredient in gunpowder, from a Chinese trader. Two other ingredients necessary for making gunpowder, sulphur and wood charcoal, were easily obtainable locally.

Choi perfected Korean gunpowder manufacturing, and also invented guns and other firearms using gunpowder. He inspired the royal government to establish the Office of Firearms (Goryeo), and under his leadership it developed 18 different types of weapons. His motivation in developing gunpowder and firearms was to defeat the Japanese pirates marauding on the shores of the Korean Peninsula. In 1378, Goryeo established a special firearms brigade. Using ships armed with firearms, Choi's special forces won a great victory over Japanese pirates attacking the southwestern shore of the country in 1380.

However, General Yi Seong-gye, who toppled Goryeo and founded the Joseon Dynasty, failed to promote the further development of gunpowder manufacturing. However, his successors revived the military use of gunpowder and firearms. King Sejong used locally manufactured gunpowder and firearms to fight the Jurchens on the northeastern border of the country. By the fifteenth century, the Joseon government drastically reduced the use of gunpowder for fireworks to reserve it for military use.

Potassium nitrate, the most critical ingredient for gunpowder, was manufactured under strict supervision of the government officials, with the sites deep inland to protect secrecy from the Japanese pirates. Korea's gunpowder manufacturing technology improved over time, and in the 17th century, two Korean books on the technology were published.

During the Japanese invasions of 1592-8, gunpowder played an important role in defeating the Japanese. Admiral Yi Sun-sin's famed turtle ships were fitted with canons, which shot cannonballs through the mouths of the turtle-shaped ships for up to a mile to destroy Japanese warships. Japan was far behind Korea in gunpowder and firearms at the time, and therefore the Japanese navy could not withstand the Korean navy with better firearms.

China highly regarded the Korean gunpowder manufacturing and military use of firearms during the Joseon Dynasty, and Japan tried hard to catch up with it throughout that era.

  • Choi Mu-seon and the development of gunpowder

  • Cannon at Chungryeonsa Shrine (Yeohwang-ro, Tongyeong, Gyeongsangnam-do) / Courtesy of the Korea Tourism Organization (Yi Beom-su)

  • A cannon inside a turtleship (Yeohwang-ro, Tongyeong, Gyeongsangnam-do)/ Courtesy of the Korea Tourism Organization (Kim Ji-ho)

  • A cannon on Ganghwado Island (Deokseong-ri, Buleun-myeon, Ganghwa-gun, Incheon)

Related Articles

References

원본 주소 "http://dh.aks.ac.kr/Korea100/wiki/index.php?title=A_Weapon_of_War_-_The_History_of_Gunpowder_in_Korea&oldid=3914"