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{{역사 Top icon}}
__NOTOC__
{{한국사의중요흐름
|사진 = History_of_Korea-Goryeo_Period-1389_CE.gif
|국문 = 고려
|영문 = Goryeo
|시작 = 918 CE
|끝 = 1392 CE
|관련 인물 = [[왕거|Wang Geon]], [[이성계|Yi Seong-gye]]
|관련 개념 = [[Buddhism]], [[movable metal type]], [[Goryeo celedon]]
|관련 장소 = [[개성|Gaegyeong]] (present-day Gaeseong, North Korea)
|관련 물품 = [[Tripitaka Koreana]], [[Jikji]]
|관련 국가 = [[삼국시대|Later Three Kingdoms]], [[신라|Silla]], [[Mongol Yuan dynasty]], [[조선|Joseon]]
|필드수 = 9
}}
=='''Draft'''==
Goryeo emerged during the declining period of [[신라|Silla]]. Founded in 918 by [[Wang Geon]], later given the title King Taejo, it united the [[Later Three Kingdoms]] in 936. By the late 13th century, Goryeo lost much of its power under the [[Mongol Yuan dynasty]], but regained control in the 14th century. Soon thereafter, however, the royal family was overthrown by general [[이성계|Yi Seong-gye]] who went on to found the [[조선|Joseon Dynasty]] in 1392.In total, the dynasty lasted 474 years. At its height, Goryeo's territories spanned almost all of the Korean peninsula, roughly giving shape to the current territory of present-day Korea and creating administrative boundaries which became the basis for those of today. Prior to this, the peninsula had been comprised of multiple Korean kingdoms occupying various regions, some of which reached into Manchuria.

The official religion of Goryeo was Buddhism. It was during this period that the [[Tripitaka Koreana]], a collection of over 80,000 woodblocks of the Buddhist scriptures, was created. This period also saw the creation of the first [[movable metal type]] capable of printing books and the oldest extant movable metal type book, the [[Jikji]]. Goryeo was well known for its [[Goryeo celadon|celadon]], which was exported widely outside the peninsula.

It is also from Goryeo that the name ''Korea'' originated.

=='''Glossary'''==
*People
**[[왕거|Wang Geon]] (founder)
**[[이성계|Yi Seong-gye]] (overthrown by)

*Places
**[[개성|Gaegyeong]] (the capital of Goryeo; present-day Gaeseong, North Korea)

*Events

*Concepts
**[[Buddhism]] (the official state religion of Goryeo)
**[[Goryeo celedon]]
**[[movable metal type]]

*Objects
**[[Tripitaka Koreana]] (collection over over 80,000 woodblock prints of the Buddhist scriptures)
**[[Jikji]] (the oldest extant print of moveable metal type in the world)

*Related States
**[[삼국시대|Later Three Kingdoms]] (were united to found Goryeo)
**[[신라|Silla]] (precursor state)
**[[Mongol Yuan dynasty]] (invaded and exerted partial control over Goryeo)
**[[조선|Joseon]] (successor state)

=='''Media'''==

=='''Further Reading'''==

=='''Editor's Worksheet'''==

===Issues to Resolve===
* more to include regarding culture?

===Media Content to be Produced===
* Mongol invasion
* Where celedon was produced
* Territory

===Samples===
*'''Center for International Affairs, ''Korea in the World'', Academy of Korean Studies, 2015, p.8.'''

The Goryeo Kingdom came to power in 935 AD after absorbing [[신라|Silla]]. Goryeo adopted Buddhism as its national religion, and several excellent Buddhist works of art were produced during this period. The kingdom also maintained an open foreign policy. Thus, the Goryeo Kingdom became known among foreigners as 'Korea.' Goryeo lasted for around 470 years until the rise of the [[조선|Joseon Dynasty]] at the end of the 14th century.

*'''Korean Culture and Information Service, ''Facts about Korea'', Korean Culture and Information Service, 2009, p.29.'''

The Goryeo Dynasty (918-1392) was founded by Wang Geon, a general who had served under Gungye, a rebel prince of the Silla Kingdom. Choosing his native town of Songak (present-day Gaeseongn in North Korea) as the capital, Wang Geon proclaimed the goal of recovering the lost territory of the Goguryeo Kingdom in northeast China.

Wang Geon named his dynasty Goryeo, from which the modern name Korea is derived. Although the Goryeo Dynasty could not reclaim lost lands, it achieved a sophisticated culture represented by cheongja or blue-green celadon and flourishing Buddhist tradition. No less significant was the invention of the world's first movable metal type in 1234, which preceded the Gutenberg Bible of Germany by two centuries. About that time, skilled Korean artisans also completed the herculean task of carving the entire Buddhist canon on large woodblocks.

These woodblocks, numbering more than 80,000, were intended to invoke the influence of Buddha for the repulsion of the Mongol invaders. Called the Tripitaka Koreana, they are now stored at the historic Haeinsa Temple.

* '''[http://asianhistory.about.com/od/glossaryko/g/Koryo-or-Goryeo-Kingdom-of-Korea.htm The Koryo or Goryeo Kingdom of Korea] - about.com
* '''[https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/handle/1885/10445 History - Koryo]''' - Encyclopaedia of Korea, p. 497-504

=='''References'''==
<references/>

[[분류:한국사의 중요 흐름]]

@@ 1번째 줄: / 1번째 줄: @@
-{{역사 Top icon}}
+=='''영문 원고 번역본'''==
-__NOTOC__
+고려는 신라의 몰락 시기에 등장하였다. 918년에 왕건이 고구려를 계승한다는 뜻에서 고려라고 건국한 이 나라는 936년에 후삼국을 통일하였다. 영토는 한반도의 최북단을 제외하고 전역을 차지하였다. 10세기 후반에서 11세기 초반에 고려는 북쪽에 인접해 있던 거란족 요 왕조로부터 여러 차례 침략을 받았다. 요 왕조가 고려와 송나라의 관계에 위협을 느끼고 가해 온 공격이었지만, 고려는 이를 격퇴시켰다. 당시 고려는 1170년 무인 정권이 집권하게 될 때까지 150년간에 걸친 전성기를 구가하고 있었다. 이후 1231년부터 몽골이 여러 차례 고려를 침략하였고, 고려는 원나라의 피보호국이 되었다. 한편으로 몽골의 영향력을 강하게 받으면서도, 다른 한편으로는 고려의 왕자는 몽골의 공주와, 그리고 몽골 왕자는 고려 공주와 혼인하게 됨에 따라 고려와 원의 왕실은 관계가 매우 긴밀해졌다. 고려는 14세기 중엽에 나라의 자주성을 회복했지만, 그로부터 얼마 지나지 않아 1392년에 조선 왕조가 성립하면서 끝나게 된다. 고려 왕조는 474년 동안 지속되었다.
-The official religion of Goryeo was Buddhism. It was during this period that the [[Tripitaka Koreana]], a collection of over 80,000 woodblocks of the Buddhist scriptures, was created. This period also saw the creation of the first [[movable metal type]] capable of printing books and the oldest extant movable metal type book, the [[Jikji]]. Goryeo was well known for its [[Goryeo celadon|celadon]], which was exported widely outside the peninsula.
+건국 당시부터 고려는 불교를 국교로 삼았으면서도 과거 시험과 같은 유학의 여러 제도를 채택하였다. 왕조의 전성기에는 불교 경전을 8만 장이 넘게 목판에 새긴 팔만대장경이 간행되었다. 또한 이 시기에 최초의 인쇄용 금속 활자가 발명되었고, 현존하는 금속 활자본으로 가장 오래된 <직지>가 인쇄되었다. 고려는 청자로도 유명한데, 고려 청자는 한반도 밖으로 널리 수출되었다. 당시 외국 상인들이 “고려”란 말을 전 세계에 퍼뜨렸고, 그에 따라 서양에서는 이 나라를 “코리아”라고 부르게 된다.

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